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Swain PS, Rajendran D, Rao SBN, Gowda NKS, Krishnamoorthy P, Mondal S, Mor A, Selvaraju S. Nano Zinc Supplementation Affects Immunity, Hormonal Profile, Hepatic Superoxide Dismutase 1 (SOD1) Gene Expression and Vital Organ Histology in Wister Albino Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:2416-2426. [PMID: 35876946 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03355-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The study was conducted to assess nano zinc (ZnN) as a feed supplement with an aim to compare the supplemental dose of inorganic zinc (ZnI). ZnN was synthesized from 0.45 molar (M) zinc nitrate [Zn(NO3)2.6H2O] and 0.9 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and was confirmed to be of ZnN by TEM-EDAX measurements. Wister albino rats (rats; 84, 53.6 ± 0.65 g) were divided into seven groups (4 replicate with 3 rats each) and given feed supplemented with zinc for 60 days with either of the following diets: (1) normal control (NC): basal diet (BD) + no supplemental Zn; (2) ZnI-25: BD + 25 mg/kg Zn from inorganic ZnO; (3) ZnN-25: BD + 25 mg/kg of ZnN; (4) ZnN-12.5: BD + 12.5 mg/kg of ZnN; (5) ZnN-6.25: BD + 6.25 mg/kg of ZnN; (6) ZnN-3.125: BD + 3.125 mg/kg of ZnN; (7) ZnN-50: BD + 50 mg/kg of ZnN. T3 and insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) hormone levels were similar among groups (P > 0.05), whereas T4 and testosterone were significantly affected, based on supplemented dose. Zn supplementation improved both cell-mediated and humoral immunity. However, both cell-mediated immunity at 24 h and humoral immunity were statistically similar in ZnI-25 and ZnN-6.25 groups. Superoxide dismutase 1 gene expression was found to be similar in all experimental groups. The vascular degeneration were found in liver tissues moderately in NC, mildly in ZnN-6.25 and ZnN-3.125 groups, and no observable changes were noticed in kidney and spleen tissues. However, there was a mild damage in intestinal epithelium of ZnN-25 group rats, hyperplasia of goblet cells, and moderate damage in intestinal villi were observed in ZnN-50 group rats. From the study, it can be concluded that ZnN at half the dose of ZnI showed similar or better responses in terms of immunity, SOD-1 expression, hormonal profiles, and the tissue architecture of vital organs in rats, i.e., 25 mg/kg of Zn from ZnI and 12.5 mg/kg of ZnN impacted similar biological responses like immunity, SOD-1 expression, hormonal profiles, and the tissue architecture of vital organs in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Swain
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
- Dairy Cattle Nutrition Division, ICAR- National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India
- Fisheries and Animal Resources Development Department, Government of Odisha, Baranga, Cuttack, India
| | - D Rajendran
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India.
| | - S B N Rao
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - N K S Gowda
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - P Krishnamoorthy
- ICAR-National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - S Mondal
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - A Mor
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
| | - S Selvaraju
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, 560030, India
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Rajendran D, Ezhuthupurakkal PB, Lakshman R, Gowda NKS, Manimaran A, Rao SBN. Application of encapsulated nano materials as feed additive in livestock and poultry: a review. Vet Res Commun 2022; 46:315-328. [DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09895-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/30/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Shet D, Ghosh J, Ajith S, Awachat VB, Bhat KS, Gowda NKS, Pal D, Elangovan AV. Dietary phytase supplementation during peak egg laying cycle of White Leghorn hens on nutrient utilization and functional gene mRNA expression in duodenum and kidney. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2018.1499220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Divya Shet
- ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | - Jyotirmoy Ghosh
- ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - Sreeja Ajith
- ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
- Department of Microbiology, Jain University, Bangalore, India
| | | | | | | | - Dintaran Pal
- ICAR- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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Krishnan BB, Selvaraju S, Gowda NKS, Subramanya KB, Pal D, Archana SS, Bhatta R. Dietary boron supplementation enhances sperm quality and immunity through influencing the associated biochemical parameters and modulating the genes expression at testicular tissue. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2019; 55:6-14. [PMID: 31345367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2019] [Revised: 05/03/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary boron improves immune and antioxidant status and calcium metabolism in mammals. However, till date the effects of dietary boron supplementation on male reproduction, especially on sperm production and sperm quality in farm animals are not documented. OBJECTIVE The present study was aimed to investigate the influence of dietary boron on semen production, semen quality, immunity and molecular changes in the testis, blood and seminal plasma and to assess the interrelationship with other minerals in male goats. METHODOLOGY The study was conducted in 21 adult male goats divided into 3 groups (control, boron and selenium supplemented groups, n = 7 each). In boron group, boron was supplemented at 40 ppm and in selenium group, selenium was supplemented at 1 ppm over and above the basal level. In control group, only the basal diet was fed without supplementary boron or selenium. The feeding trial was carried out for 60 days. Selenium was taken as a positive control for the dietary boron supplementation experiment. Following feeding trials, the sperm concentration, kinematics and functional attributes, immunity and molecular level changes in the testis, biomolecular changes in the blood and seminal plasma and also interrelationship with other minerals were studied. RESULTS The average sperm concentration (million/ml) and the total sperm production (million/ejaculate) were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in boron supplemented group when compared to selenium and control groups. The boron levels in blood plasma (r = 0.65) and seminal plasma (r = 0.54) showed a positive correlation with sperm progressive motility. Blood and seminal plasma metabolic biomarker namely, aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p < 0.01) was significantly lower in the boron and selenium supplemented group than control, while alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p < 0.05) was significantly lower in the boron supplemented group than selenium and control group. There was a significant increase in the mRNA expression of serine proteinase inhibitor (SERPIN) and interferon γ (IFNγ) in the testis of boron supplemented than the control group. Boron supplementation up-regulated the immune-regulatory gene, interleukin 2 (IL2) and antioxidant gene, catalase (CAT) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). On contrary, toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) mRNA expression was significantly (p < 0.05) down-regulated in boron and selenium supplemented groups. CONCLUSION The study revealed that dietary boron supplementation increased the sperm output, sperm motility and enhanced the immune and antioxidant defense capacity in male goats. The improved semen quality can be attributed to enhanced expression of testicular SERPIN, a crucial protein for the regulation of spermatogenesis process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Binsila B Krishnan
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru 560 030, India.
| | - Sellappan Selvaraju
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru 560 030, India
| | - Nisarani Kollurappa Shivakumar Gowda
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru 560 030, India
| | - Karthik Bhat Subramanya
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru 560 030, India
| | - Dintaran Pal
- Micronutrient Laboratory, Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru 560 030, India
| | - Santhanahalli Siddalingappa Archana
- Reproductive Physiology Laboratory, Animal Physiology Division, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru 560 030, India
| | - Raghavendra Bhatta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bengaluru 560 030, India
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Bhasker TV, Gowda NKS, Mondal S, Krishnamoorthy P, Pal DT, Mor A, Bhat SK, Pattanaik AK. Boron influences immune and antioxidant responses by modulating hepatic superoxide dismutase activity under calcium deficit abiotic stress in Wistar rats. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2016; 36:73-9. [PMID: 27259355 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.04.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The influence of Boron (B) supplementation on immune and antioxidant status of rats with or without abiotic stress induced by dietary calcium (Ca) restriction was studied in a feeding trial of 90 days. Wistar strain rats (3-4 wk age, n=84) were divided into 7 dietary groups (4 replicates of 3 each) viz., normal-calcium (100%) basal diet alone (NC, control) or supplemented with B at 5 (NCB-5), 10 (NCB-10), 20 (NCB-20) and 40ppm (NCB-40) levels; low-calcium (50%) basal diet alone (LC) or supplemented with 40ppm B (LCB-40). After 75 days of experimental feeding, rats were challenged with intraperitoneal injection of sheep RBCs to assess their humoral immunity. At the end of the trial, cell-mediated immunity was assessed as foot pad reaction to sheep RBCs injected into the hind leg paws. Eight rats from each group were sacrificed to collect blood for estimation of minerals and total antioxidant activity, and liver for superoxide dismutase gene expression analysis. Supplementation of graded levels of B (5, 10, 20 and 40ppm) as borax in NC diets significantly increased (P<0.01) the footpad thickness and serum total antioxidant activity, hepatic expression levels of both Cu-Zn SOD (SOD1) and Mn-SOD (SOD2) mRNAs. The erythrocytic SOD activity and humoral response did not differ significantly among the dietary groups. In Ca restricted groups, humoral immune response was significantly decreased (P<0.01) compared to control but increased (P<0.05) with 40ppm B supplementation. Serum levels of copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) remained similar among the dietary groups, while the manganese (Mn) content was significantly decreased (P<0.01) with increased levels of dietary B. In conclusion, B supplementation increased the hepatic mRNA expression levels of both SOD isoenzymes, thereby improving the immune and antioxidant status.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Vijay Bhasker
- Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
| | - N K S Gowda
- Animal Nutrition Division, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560 030, India.
| | - S Mondal
- Animal Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560 030, India
| | - P Krishnamoorthy
- National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics, Bangalore 560 064, India
| | - D T Pal
- Animal Nutrition Division, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560 030, India
| | - A Mor
- Animal Physiology Division, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560 030, India
| | - S Karthik Bhat
- Animal Nutrition Division, National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560 030, India
| | - A K Pattanaik
- Animal Nutrition Division, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar 243 122, India
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Manobhavan M, Elangovan AV, Sridhar M, Shet D, Ajith S, Pal DT, Gowda NKS. Effect of super dosing of phytase on growth performance, ileal digestibility and bone characteristics in broilers fed corn-soya-based diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2016; 100:93-100. [PMID: 25916327 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A feeding trial was designed to assess the effect of super dosing of phytase in corn-soya-based diets of broiler chicken. One hundred and sixty-eight day-old broilers were selected and randomly allocated to four dietary treatment groups, with 6 replicates having 7 chicks per treatment group. Two-phased diets were used. The starter and finisher diet was fed from 0 to 3 weeks and 4 to 5 weeks of age respectively. The dietary treatments were consisted of normal phosphorus (NP) group without any phytase enzyme (4.5 g/kg available/non-phytin phosphorus (P) during starter and 4.0 g/kg during finisher phase), three low-phosphorus (LP) groups (3.2 g/kg available/non-phytin P during starter and 2.8 g/kg during finisher phase) supplemented with phytase at 500, 2500, 5000 FTU/kg diet, respectively, to full fill their phosphorus requirements. The results showed that super doses of phytase (at 2500 FTU and 5000 FTU/kg) on low-phosphorus diet improved feed intake, body weight gain, ileal digestibility (serine, aspartic acid, calcium, phosphorus), blood P levels and bone minerals such as calcium (Ca), P, magnesium (Mg) and zinc (Zn) content. It could be concluded that super doses of phytase in low-phosphorus diet were beneficial than the normal standard dose (at 500 FTU/kg) of phytase in diet of broiler chicken.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Manobhavan
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - A V Elangovan
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - M Sridhar
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - D Shet
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - S Ajith
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - D T Pal
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
| | - N K S Gowda
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India
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Gowda NKS, Vallesha NC, Awachat VB, Anandan S, Pal DT, Prasad CS. Study on evaluation of silage from pineapple (Ananas comosus) fruit residue as livestock feed. Trop Anim Health Prod 2015; 47:557-61. [DOI: 10.1007/s11250-015-0762-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pal DT, Gowda NKS, Prasad CS, Amarnath R, Bharadwaj U, Suresh Babu G, Sampath KT. Effect of copper- and zinc-methionine supplementation on bioavailability, mineral status and tissue concentrations of copper and zinc in ewes. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2010; 24:89-94. [PMID: 20413065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2008] [Revised: 11/09/2009] [Accepted: 11/30/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The effect of feeding Cu- and Zn-methionine to ewes was studied in a 240d feeding trial. The plasma and tissue Cu and Zn concentrations and Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) activity were employed to assess the relative bioavailability from Cu- and Zn-methionine. The macro and micronutrient intake, utilization, plasma mineral status, tissue accumulation of Cu and Zn as well as wool concentration of Cu and Zn were studied in ewes (n=12) fed a corn-soybean meal based basal diet with 50% more Cu and Zn supplementation over the basal diet either from Cu- and Zn-sulfate (Cu-Sulf+Zn-Sulf group) or Cu- and Zn-methionine (Cu-Meth+Zn-Meth group). The average daily feed intake and body weight gain of ewes did not differ due to dietary supplementation of Cu- and Zn-methionine. However, dry matter intake was comparatively lower and thus resulted in better feed: gain in Cu- and Zn-methionine group as compared to ewes fed Cu- and Zn-sulfate. Supplementation of Cu and Zn over the basal diet either from methionine-chelated or sulfate sources resulted in increased plasma Cu and Zn as well as Cu/Zn-SOD activity on d-30, which indicated a positive correlation between plasma Cu and Zn and Cu/Zn-SOD activity. The gut absorption, liver concentrations of Cu and Zn, and liver Cu/Zn-SOD activity were significantly (P<0.01) higher in ewes supplemented with Cu- and Zn-methionine compared to Cu- and Zn-sulfate. Periodical analysis of wool samples indicated no significant difference in Cu and Zn content between Cu-and Zn-methionine and Cu- and Zn-sulfate groups. Feeding of Cu and Zn from methionine-chelated source resulted in reduced (P<0.01) excretion of Cu and Zn in feces indicating their better utilization, and this will have positive implication on environment. The gut absorption values, plasma and liver tissue concentrations of Cu and Zn supported the hypothesis that Cu- and Zn-methionine supplements have better bioavailability compared to Cu- and Zn-sulfate and Cu- and Zn-dependent enzyme (Cu/Zn-SOD) could be used to determine the bioavailability of Cu and Zn.
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Affiliation(s)
- D T Pal
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bangalore 560030, India.
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Abstract
The ash, silica and certain important micronutrients were estimated in conventional and unconventional feed and fodder resources available in Southern India. Commonly used dry roughages, such as paddy straw, ragi straw, maize kadbi/stalk, jowar kadbi/stalk, bajra stalk and wheat straw, were high in ash (9.9% +/- 0.77%) and silica (6.4% +/- 0.65%) and low in most of the other micronutrients, except iron, with paddy straw containing most silica (>9%). Cultivated non-leguminous (maize, jowar) and improved green crops (hybrid napier, guinea, green panic, NB-21, CO-1) were also high in ash (10.5% +/- 0.60% and 12.5% +/- 0.51%) but were moderate sources of P, Mg and Cu and good sources of Zn (98 +/- 13.8 ppm and 55 +/- 6.7 ppm). Leguminous green fodders (stylosanthus, lucerne, cow pea, soyabean) were excellent sources of Ca (1.9% +/- 0.16%), Mg (0.40% +/- 0.05%), Cu (30 +/- 5.2 ppm), Zn (121 +/- 14.7 ppm) and Fe (1234 +/- 166 ppm) and moderate sources of P. Mixed local grasses and weeds were high in silica (6.9% +/- 1.00%) but were good sources of Cu, Zn and Fe. Cereal grains (maize, wheat, rice, ragi) were low in ash (2.9% +/- 0.33%) and were relatively poor sources of Ca (0.22% +/- 0.03%), Mg (0.19% +/- 0.03%) and Cu (13 +/- 3.1 ppm). Pulses were low to medium sources of most minerals and good sources of Fe (1230 +/- 293 ppm). Oil seed cake/extractions (groundnut cake, cotton seed cake, soyabean meal, sunflower cake, safflower cake) and cereal by-products (rice polish, rice bran, wheat bran) were excellent sources of P (1.1% +/- 0.47% and 2.3% +/- 0.19%) and good sources of Zn (65 +/- 3.9 ppm and 66 +/- 10.7 ppm) and Fe (938 +/- 130 ppm and 662 +/- 126 ppm). Among the unconventional feeds screened, orange peel, sunflower heads, meat meal, rubber seed cake, spirulina algae and sea weeds contained plentiful Ca, Zn and Fe: tree leaves/top feeds (mulberry, erythrina, glyricidia, banana, subabul, groundnut haulms) were excellent sources of Ca (1.5% +/- 0.13%), Zn (120 +/- 22.9 ppm) and Fe (1033 +/- 133 ppm) but relatively poor sources of P. Soyabean husk, cocoa seed husk, rubber seed cake and meat meal were moderate to good sources of P (1.0% and 0.33%). The high Zn and Fe values of most feeds/fodders were probably due to soil contamination. This account of the micronutrient content of feed/fodder resources should help in strategic supplementation intended to alleviate local deficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N K S Gowda
- National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore, India 560 030.
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