1
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Bhattacharjee M, Giri C, Masum S, Hansda S, Mitra S, Haque S, Chakraborty P, Dechoudhury S, Ray A, Mondal M, Nayan BK, Shukla V, Sanyal D, Bandyopadhyay A, Naik V. Development of a gas jet coupled electron cyclotron resonance ion source for radioactive ion beam. Rev Sci Instrum 2024; 95:023302. [PMID: 38341724 DOI: 10.1063/5.0181604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
A 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source coupled to a gas-jet skimmer system has been developed for the online production of radioactive ion beams (RIBs). Using radial injection of gas jet in the ion source, RIBs of 11C1+, 11CO21+, and 11CO1+ have been produced online with beam intensity up to about 9 × 103 particles per second for a 1 µA primary proton beam bombarding a nitrogen gas target. The details of the gas jet coupled ECR ion source and the results for stable isotope beams and RIBs are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahuwa Bhattacharjee
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chinmay Giri
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Syed Masum
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sunita Hansda
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sulagna Mitra
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Sanket Haque
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Siddhartha Dechoudhury
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Ayan Ray
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Manas Mondal
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | | | - Vinay Shukla
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Dirtha Sanyal
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Arup Bandyopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vaishali Naik
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
- Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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2
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Murray LT, Fiore AM, Shindell DT, Naik V, Horowitz LW. Large uncertainties in global hydroxyl projections tied to fate of reactive nitrogen and carbon. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:e2115204118. [PMID: 34686608 PMCID: PMC8639338 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2115204118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The hydroxyl radical (OH) sets the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and, thus, profoundly affects the removal rate of pollutants and reactive greenhouse gases. While observationally derived constraints exist for global annual mean present-day OH abundances and interannual variability, OH estimates for past and future periods rely primarily on global atmospheric chemistry models. These models disagree ± 30% in mean OH and in its changes from the preindustrial to late 21st century, even when forced with identical anthropogenic emissions. A simple steady-state relationship that accounts for ozone photolysis frequencies, water vapor, and the ratio of reactive nitrogen to carbon emissions explains temporal variability within most models, but not intermodel differences. Here, we show that departure from the expected relationship reflects the treatment of reactive oxidized nitrogen species (NO y ) and the fraction of emitted carbon that reacts within each chemical mechanism, which remain poorly known due to a lack of observational data. Our findings imply a need for additional observational constraints on NO y partitioning and lifetime, especially in the remote free troposphere, as well as the fate of carbon-containing reaction intermediates to test models, thereby reducing uncertainties in projections of OH and, hence, lifetimes of pollutants and greenhouse gases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee T Murray
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627;
| | - Arlene M Fiore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027
- Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University, Palisades, NY 10964
| | - Drew T Shindell
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708
| | - Vaishali Naik
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | - Larry W Horowitz
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ 08540
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3
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Ming Y, Lin P, Naik V, Paulot F, Horowitz LW, Ginoux PA, Ramaswamy V, Loeb NG, Shen Z, Singer CE, Ward RX, Zhang Z, Bellouin N. Assessing the Influence of COVID-19 on the Shortwave Radiative Fluxes Over the East Asian Marginal Seas. Geophys Res Lett 2021; 48:e2020GL091699. [PMID: 33612880 PMCID: PMC7883069 DOI: 10.1029/2020gl091699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic led to a widespread reduction in aerosol emissions. Using satellite observations and climate model simulations, we study the underlying mechanisms of the large decreases in solar clear-sky reflection (3.8 W m-2 or 7%) and aerosol optical depth (0.16 W m-2 or 32%) observed over the East Asian Marginal Seas in March 2020. By separating the impacts from meteorology and emissions in the model simulations, we find that about one-third of the clear-sky anomalies can be attributed to pandemic-related emission reductions, and the rest to weather variability and long-term emission trends. The model is skillful at reproducing the observed interannual variations in solar all-sky reflection, but no COVID-19 signal is discerned. The current observational and modeling capabilities will be critical for monitoring, understanding, and predicting the radiative forcing and climate impacts of the ongoing crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ming
- NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Pu Lin
- NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Vaishali Naik
- NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryPrincetonNJUSA
| | - Fabien Paulot
- NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryPrincetonNJUSA
| | | | - Paul A. Ginoux
- NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryPrincetonNJUSA
| | - V. Ramaswamy
- NOAA/Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryPrincetonNJUSA
| | | | - Zhaoyi Shen
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Clare E. Singer
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Ryan X. Ward
- Department of Environmental Science and EngineeringCalifornia Institute of TechnologyPasadenaCAUSA
| | - Zhibo Zhang
- Department of PhysicsUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMAUSA
- Joint Center for Earth System TechnologyUniversity of Maryland Baltimore CountyBaltimoreMAUSA
| | - Nicolas Bellouin
- Department of MeteorologyUniversity of Reading, ReadingReadingWhitenightsUK
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4
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Peters DR, Schnell JL, Kinney PL, Naik V, Horton DE. Public Health and Climate Benefits and Trade-Offs of U.S. Vehicle Electrification. Geohealth 2020; 4:e2020GH000275. [PMID: 33094205 PMCID: PMC7567144 DOI: 10.1029/2020gh000275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Vehicle electrification is a common climate change mitigation strategy, with policymakers invoking co-beneficial reductions in carbon dioxide (CO2) and air pollutant emissions. However, while previous studies of U.S. electric vehicle (EV) adoption consistently predict CO2 mitigation benefits, air quality outcomes are equivocal and depend on policies assessed and experimental parameters. We analyze climate and health co-benefits and trade-offs of six U.S. EV adoption scenarios: 25% or 75% replacement of conventional internal combustion engine vehicles, each under three different EV-charging energy generation scenarios. We transfer emissions from tailpipe to power generation plant, simulate interactions of atmospheric chemistry and meteorology using the GFDL-AM4 chemistry climate model, and assess health consequences and uncertainties using the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Benefits Mapping Analysis Program Community Edition (BenMAP-CE). We find that 25% U.S. EV adoption, with added energy demand sourced from the present-day electric grid, annually results in a ~242 M ton reduction in CO2 emissions, 437 deaths avoided due to PM2.5 reductions (95% CI: 295, 578), and 98 deaths avoided due to lesser ozone formation (95% CI: 33, 162). Despite some regions experiencing adverse health outcomes, ~$16.8B in damages avoided are predicted. Peak CO2 reductions and health benefits occur with 75% EV adoption and increased emission-free energy sources (~$70B in damages avoided). When charging-electricity from aggressive EV adoption is combustion-only, adverse health outcomes increase substantially, highlighting the importance of low-to-zero emission power generation for greater realization of health co-benefits. Our results provide a more nuanced understanding of the transportation sector's climate change mitigation-health impact relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. R. Peters
- Program in Environmental SciencesNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA
- Environmental Defense FundAustinTXUSA
| | - J. L. Schnell
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Institute for Sustainability and EnergyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental SciencesUniversity of Colorado Boulder NOAA/Global Systems LaboratoryBoulderCOUSA
| | - P. L. Kinney
- Department of Environmental HealthBoston University School of Public HealthBostonMAUSA
| | - V. Naik
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LaboratoryPrincetonNJUSA
| | - D. E. Horton
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences and Institute for Sustainability and EnergyNorthwestern UniversityEvanstonILUSA
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5
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Das C, Dechoudhury S, Mandi T, Roy S, Pandey H, Naik V, Chakrabarti A. Measurement of quadrupolar asymmetry in prototype rod-type radio frequency quadrupole linac for protons. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:033306. [PMID: 32260021 DOI: 10.1063/1.5140630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
An analytical and cold model study of a prototype extended vane rod-type RFQ (radio frequency quadrupole linac) is presented. The bead-pull measurement allowed us to experimentally determine the effect of shaping of the vane-supporting posts and, most interestingly, the size of the vacuum enclosure in the dipolar and quadrupolar field asymmetry. Disk shaped beads of BaTiO3 have been tailor made for this purpose. The special shape of the beads has allowed precise measurements of frequency shifts all along the length of the RFQ. The measured quadrupolar asymmetry and dipole component at a radial distance of 7 mm from the beam axis are within ±1% for the optimized structure. Particle tracking of a 10 mA proton beam with a simulated 3D field for the optimized full scale RFQ with modulated vanes has been carried out. Simulation shows vertical and horizontal shifts of only 0.01 mm and 0.03 mm, respectively, for the accelerated beam at the exit of RFQ. The percentage of accelerated particles lying within an energy width of ±40 keV about 800 keV is increased from 86% for the original enclosure to 88% for the reduced enclosure, whereas the transmission efficiency is 100% for both the cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiranjib Das
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | | | - Tapan Mandi
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | - Suvadeep Roy
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | - Hemendra Pandey
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | - Vaishali Naik
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
| | - Alok Chakrabarti
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700 064, India
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6
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Naik V, Sheriyar N. MON-LB044 Bilateral Ovarian Hyperthecosis: A Benign and Unusual Cause of Postmenopausal Hirsutism. J Endocr Soc 2019. [PMCID: PMC6550736 DOI: 10.1210/js.2019-mon-lb044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction-:
Postmenopausal hirsutism is a rare presentation. The presentation of clinical hyperandrogenism , its severity and the pace of presentation along with the hormonal profiles help in determining the cause. Once iatrogenic cause is ruled out, one has to assess for the endocrine causes of postmenopausal hirsutism. There are various benign and malignant causes of ovarian hyperandrogenism. Case Presentation-
A 62 years post menopausal lady came with complaints of increasing facial hair, coarseness of facial skin and alopecia for two years. She had no significant medical illness and had not received androgens in any form. She had a normal menstrual history during her reproductive years and has two children born of natural conception. Clinically there was no evidence of other endocrine causes of hyperandrogenism like Acromegaly, Cushing’s syndrome, Late onset CAH. Her hormonal profile showed significantly elevated testosterone levels with normal DHEAS levels. Investigations - TSH 1.898 uIu/ml (NR 0.5-5.0); Testosterone 216.10 ng/dl ( NR 20-90); DHEAS 40 mcg/dl ( NR 17-90); USG abdomen and pelvis showed thickened endometrium 8 mms in size and submucosal fibroid. Further investigations-Serum Testosterone 145 ng/dl (NR 20-90); DHEAS 23.8 mcg/dl ( NR 17-90); 17 OH Progesterone 0.86 ng/ml ( NR 0.2- 0.5); Post Dexamthasone 1 mg cortisol < 1.0 mcg/dl (normal response< 1.8- 2.0); Alpha Fetoprotein 2.08 ng/ml ( NR <10 ng); IGF1 71 ng/ml ( NR 70-140) ; Estradiol 10 pg/ml ( NR <30). Her assessment for other causes of hirsutism ruled out Acromegaly, Late onset CAH and Cushing syndrome. MRI abdomen and pelvis revealed normal ovaries and uterus for her menopausal status. In view of persistent symptoms and very high levels of testosterone along with endometrial hyperplasia, patient was counselled to get her ovaries and uterus removed.She underwent a total hysterectomy with bilateral oophorectomy. Postoperatively the patients symptoms have improved, her skin hue is better and the facial hair growth has significantly reduced. The testosterone levels have returned to normal. Postoperative Total Testosterone 16.12 ng/dl ( NR 20-90) and Free Testosterone 1.63pg/ml ( NR 0.3-2). The histopathology showed bilateral ovarian hyperthecosis along with benign endometrial hyperplasia. Conclusion:
Polycystic ovaries is a common cause of hirsutism in young women of reproductive age group. It is not commonly seen in the post menopausal state. Even though the hormonal profile points towards an ovarian cause, localisation of an ovarian pathology is sometimes difficult. Diagnostic and therapeutic bilateral oophorectomy points towards the diagnosis which can be unusual and curable like bilateral ovarian hyperthecosis. This was an unusual , curable and rewarding case of postmenopausal hirsutism.
Unless otherwise noted, all abstracts presented at ENDO are embargoed until the date and time of presentation. For oral presentations, the abstracts are embargoed until the session begins. Abstracts presented at a news conference are embargoed until the date and time of the news conference. The Endocrine Society reserves the right to lift the embargo on specific abstracts that are selected for promotion prior to or during ENDO.
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7
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Mandal PK, Naik V, Dev V, Chakrabarti A, Ray A. Blue fluorescence as a frequency offset reference in the rubidium 5S-5P-5D transition. Appl Opt 2018; 57:3612-3617. [PMID: 29726540 DOI: 10.1364/ao.57.003612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we address the issue of the suitability of blue fluorescent light as a frequency offset reference during the ladder-level excitation 5S1/2→5P3/2→5D3/2 of Rb85 atoms. A simple pump-probe spectroscopy experiment is performed to generate non-degenerate blue light emission produced by the spontaneous decay route 5D3/2→6P3/2→5S1/2. By varying the relative intensity of the pump-probe combination, we can hover between regimes dominated by mechanisms such as double resonance optical pumping (DROP) and Autler-Townes splitting. The efficacy of the blue fluorescence (420 nm) as a frequency offset reference is pronounced under the DROP regime due to its narrow (∼natural) linewidth. To provide further insight into the stability performance, the pump laser connecting the 5P3/2→5D3/2 transition is stabilized to the peak of the blue light with the help of a probe stabilized to the saturation absorption signal of the 5S1/2→5P3/2 transition. For this purpose, we used the coherence-induced modulation transfer technique. The error frequency noise power spectra and the subsequent Allan variance calculation clearly show that probe fluctuations are transferred to the pump laser because of an existing two-photon coherent coupling.
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8
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Lefohn AS, Malley CS, Smith L, Wells B, Hazucha M, Simon H, Naik V, Mills G, Schultz MG, Paoletti E, De Marco A, Xu X, Zhang L, Wang T, Neufeld HS, Musselman RC, Tarasick D, Brauer M, Feng Z, Tang H, Kobayashi K, Sicard P, Solberg S, Gerosa G. Tropospheric ozone assessment report: Global ozone metrics for climate change, human health, and crop/ecosystem research. Elementa (Wash D C) 2018; 1:1. [PMID: 30345319 PMCID: PMC6192432 DOI: 10.1525/elementa.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Assessment of spatial and temporal variation in the impacts of ozone on human health, vegetation, and climate requires appropriate metrics. A key component of the Tropospheric Ozone Assessment Report (TOAR) is the consistent calculation of these metrics at thousands of monitoring sites globally. Investigating temporal trends in these metrics required that the same statistical methods be applied across these ozone monitoring sites. The nonparametric Mann-Kendall test (for significant trends) and the Theil-Sen estimator (for estimating the magnitude of trend) were selected to provide robust methods across all sites. This paper provides the scientific underpinnings necessary to better understand the implications of and rationale for selecting a specific TOAR metric for assessing spatial and temporal variation in ozone for a particular impact. The rationale and underlying research evidence that influence the derivation of specific metrics are given. The form of 25 metrics (4 for model-measurement comparison, 5 for characterization of ozone in the free troposphere, 11 for human health impacts, and 5 for vegetation impacts) are described. Finally, this study categorizes health and vegetation exposure metrics based on the extent to which they are determined only by the highest hourly ozone levels, or by a wider range of values. The magnitude of the metrics is influenced by both the distribution of hourly average ozone concentrations at a site location, and the extent to which a particular metric is determined by relatively low, moderate, and high hourly ozone levels. Hence, for the same ozone time series, changes in the distribution of ozone concentrations can result in different changes in the magnitude and direction of trends for different metrics. Thus, dissimilar conclusions about the effect of changes in the drivers of ozone variability (e.g., precursor emissions) on health and vegetation exposure can result from the selection of different metrics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christopher S. Malley
- Stockholm Environment Institute, Environment
Department, University of York, York, UK
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Penicuik,
UK
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh,
Edinburgh, UK
| | - Luther Smith
- Alion Science and Technology, Inc., Research
Triangle Park, NC, US
| | - Benjamin Wells
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S.
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, US
| | - Milan Hazucha
- Center for Environmental Medicine, Asthma, and Lung
Biology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, US
| | - Heather Simon
- Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards, U.S.
EPA, Research Triangle Park, NC, US
| | - Vaishali Naik
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory,
Princeton, NJ, US
| | - Gina Mills
- NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology,
Environment Centre Wales, Bangor, UK
| | | | - Elena Paoletti
- Institute for Sustainable Plant Protection,
National Research Council, Florence, IT
| | - Alessandra De Marco
- Italian National Agency for New
Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Rome, IT
| | - Xiaobin Xu
- Key Laboratory for Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of
Atmospheric Composition, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing,
CN
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, CN
| | - Tao Wang
- Department of Civil and
Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, CN
| | | | | | - David Tarasick
- Air Quality Research Division,
Environment and Climate Change Canada, Downsview, ON, CA
| | - Michael Brauer
- School of Population and Public
Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, CA
| | - Zhaozhong Feng
- Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Beijing, CN
| | - Haoye Tang
- Institute of Soil Sciences,
Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, CN
| | - Kazuhiko Kobayashi
- Graduate School of
Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, JP
| | - Pierre Sicard
- ACRI-HE, 260 route du Pin
Montard BP234, Sophia Antipolis, FR
| | - Sverre Solberg
- Norwegian Institute for Air
Research (NILU), Kjeller, NO
| | - Giacomo Gerosa
- Dipartimento di Matematica
e Fisica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Brescia, IT
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9
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Silva RA, West JJ, Lamarque JF, Shindell DT, Collins WJ, Faluvegi G, Folberth GA, Horowitz LW, Nagashima T, Naik V, Rumbold ST, Sudo K, Takemura T, Bergmann D, Cameron-Smith P, Doherty RM, Josse B, MacKenzie IA, Stevenson DS, Zeng G. FUTURE GLOBAL MORTALITY FROM CHANGES IN AIR POLLUTION ATTRIBUTABLE TO CLIMATE CHANGE. Nat Clim Chang 2017; 7:647-651. [PMID: 30245745 PMCID: PMC6150471 DOI: 10.1038/nclimate3354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A. Silva
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - J. Jason West
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Jean-François Lamarque
- NCAR Earth System Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado
| | - Drew T. Shindell
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina
| | - William J. Collins
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Greg Faluvegi
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia Earth Institute, New York, New York
| | - Gerd A. Folberth
- Met Office Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction, Exeter, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Vaishali Naik
- UCAR/NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey
| | - Steven T. Rumbold
- National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Kengo Sudo
- Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takemura
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniel Bergmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California
| | | | - Ruth M. Doherty
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Beatrice Josse
- GAME/CNRM, Meteo-France, CNRS—Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Ian A. MacKenzie
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David S. Stevenson
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New Zealand
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10
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Naik V, Bhattacharjee M, Kumar DL, Karmakar P, Das SK, Banerjee D, Chattopadhyay S, Barua L, Das SS, Pal AK, Bandyopadhyay A, Chakrabarti A. Radioactive ion beams of 111In using ECR plasma sputtering method. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:063308. [PMID: 28667954 DOI: 10.1063/1.4985638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive ion beams of 111In (indium-111, half-life 2.8 days) have been produced using the plasma sputtering method in an electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) ion source at the Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre RIB facility. Indium isotopes were first produced by bombarding a natural silver target with a 32 MeV, 40 μA alpha particle beam from the K-130 cyclotron. After radio-chemical separation, about 25 mCi In-chloride was deposited on an aluminum electrode and inserted in the plasma chamber of the ECR. Indium ions produced by ion induced sputtering in the plasma were extracted from the ion source, isotopically separated, and a pure 111In beam was measured at the focal plane of the separator. The measured 111In beam intensity was 2.67 × 105 particles/s for a beam energy of 5 keV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Naik
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Mahuwa Bhattacharjee
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - D Lavanya Kumar
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Prasanta Karmakar
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - S K Das
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Debashis Banerjee
- Radiochemistry Laboratory, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre (BARC), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Sankha Chattopadhyay
- Radiopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Regional Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Luna Barua
- Radiopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Regional Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Sujata Saha Das
- Radiopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Regional Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Asit Kumar Pal
- Radiopharmaceuticals Laboratory, Regional Centre, Board of Radiation and Isotope Technology (BRIT), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Arup Bandyopadhyay
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
| | - Alok Chakrabarti
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), 1/AF Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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Dhal A, Mukherjee G, Bhattacharjee M, Naik V, Mukhopadhyay S, Pandit D, Pal S, Mondal D, Karmakar P, Roy T, Asgar M, Bhattacharya S, Bhattacharyya S, Bhattacharya C, Banerjee S, Chakrabarti A. Decay measurements of 43K( β−) 43Ca by HRS and TAS. EPJ Web Conf 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714610013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Zhang Y, Bowden JH, Adelman Z, Naik V, Horowitz LW, Smith SJ, West JJ. Co-benefits of global and regional greenhouse gas mitigation on U.S. air quality in 2050. Atmos Chem Phys 2016; 16:9533-9548. [PMID: 30245703 PMCID: PMC6150466 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-9533-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Policies to mitigate greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions will not only slow climate change, but can also have ancillary benefits of improved air quality. Here we examine the co-benefits of both global and regional GHG mitigation on U.S. air quality in 2050 at fine resolution, using dynamical downscaling methods, building on a previous global co-benefits study (West et al., 2013). The co-benefits for U.S. air quality are quantified via two mechanisms: through reductions in co-emitted air pollutants from the same sources, and by slowing climate change and its influence on air quality, following West et al. (2013). Additionally, we separate the total co-benefits into contributions from domestic GHG mitigation versus mitigation in foreign countries. We use the WRF model to dynamically downscale future global climate to the regional scale, the SMOKE program to directly process global anthropogenic emissions into the regional domain, and we provide dynamical boundary conditions from global simulations to the regional CMAQ model. The total co-benefits of global GHG mitigation from the RCP4.5 scenario compared with its reference are estimated to be higher in the eastern U.S. (ranging from 0.6-1.0 μg m-3) than the west (0-0.4 μg m-3) for PM2.5, with an average of 0.47 μg m-3 over U.S.; for O3, the total co-benefits are more uniform at 2-5 ppb with U.S. average of 3.55 ppb. Comparing the two mechanisms of co-benefits, we find that reductions of co-emitted air pollutants have a much greater influence on both PM2.5 (96% of the total co-benefits) and O3 (89% of the total) than the second co-benefits mechanism via slowing climate change, consistent with West et al. (2013). GHG mitigation from foreign countries contributes more to the U.S. O3 reduction (76% of the total) than that from domestic GHG mitigation only (24%), highlighting the importance of global methane reductions and the intercontinental transport of air pollutants. For PM2.5, the benefits of domestic GHG control are greater (74% of total). Since foreign contributions to co-benefits can be substantial, with foreign O3 benefits much larger than those from domestic reductions, previous studies that focus on local or regional co-benefits may greatly underestimate the total co-benefits of global GHG reductions. We conclude that the U.S. can gain significantly greater domestic air quality co-benefits by engaging with other nations to control GHGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqiang Zhang
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Jared H. Bowden
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Zachariah Adelman
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
- Institute for the Environment, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
| | - Vaishali Naik
- UCAR/NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540
| | | | - Steven J. Smith
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD 20740
| | - J. Jason West
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering Department, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599
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13
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Schnell JL, Prather MJ, Josse B, Naik V, Horowitz LW, Zeng G, Shindell DT, Faluvegi G. Effect of climate change on surface ozone over North America, Europe, and East Asia. Geophys Res Lett 2016; 43:3509-3518. [PMID: 32818004 PMCID: PMC7430523 DOI: 10.1002/2016gl068060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The effect of future climate change on surface ozone over North America, Europe, and East Asia is evaluated using present-day (2000s) and future (2100s) hourly surface ozone simulated by four global models. Future climate follows RCP8.5, while methane and anthropogenic ozone precursors are fixed at year-2000 levels. Climate change shifts the seasonal surface ozone peak to earlier in the year and increases the amplitude of the annual cycle. Increases in mean summertime and high-percentile ozone are generally found in polluted environments, while decreases are found in clean environments. We propose climate change augments the efficiency of precursor emissions to generate surface ozone in polluted regions, thus reducing precursor export to neighboring downwind locations. Even with constant biogenic emissions, climate change causes the largest ozone increases at high percentiles. In most cases, air quality extreme episodes become larger and contain higher ozone levels relative to the rest of the distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan L Schnell
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michael J Prather
- Department of Earth System Science, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Beatrice Josse
- GAME/CNRM, Météo-France, CNRS - Centre National de Recherches Météorologiques, Toulouse, France
| | - Vaishali Naik
- UCAR/NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Larry W Horowitz
- Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, New Zealand
| | - Drew T Shindell
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Greg Faluvegi
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies, and Columbia Earth Institute, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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14
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Silva RA, West JJ, Lamarque JF, Shindell DT, Collins WJ, Dalsoren S, Faluvegi G, Folberth G, Horowitz LW, Nagashima T, Naik V, Rumbold ST, Sudo K, Takemura T, Bergmann D, Cameron-Smith P, Cionni I, Doherty RM, Eyring V, Josse B, MacKenzie IA, Plummer D, Righi M, Stevenson DS, Strode S, Szopa S, Zeng G. The effect of future ambient air pollution on human premature mortality to 2100 using output from the ACCMIP model ensemble. Atmos Chem Phys 2016; 16:9847-9862. [PMID: 29250104 PMCID: PMC5730074 DOI: 10.5194/acp-16-9847-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Ambient air pollution from ground-level ozone and fine particulate matter (PM2.5) is associated with premature mortality. Future concentrations of these air pollutants will be driven by natural and anthropogenic emissions and by climate change. Using anthropogenic and biomass burning emissions projected in the four Representative Concentration Pathway scenarios (RCPs), the ACCMIP ensemble of chemistry-climate models simulated future concentrations of ozone and PM2.5 at selected decades between 2000 and 2100. We use output from the ACCMIP ensemble, together with projections of future population and baseline mortality rates, to quantify the human premature mortality impacts of future ambient air pollution. Future air pollution-related premature mortality in 2030, 2050 and 2100 is estimated for each scenario and for each model using a health impact function based on changes in concentrations of ozone and PM2.5 relative to 2000 and projected future population and baseline mortality rates. Additionally, the global mortality burden of ozone and PM2.5 in 2000 and each future period is estimated relative to 1850 concentrations, using present-day and future population and baseline mortality rates. The change in future ozone concentrations relative to 2000 is associated with excess global premature mortality in some scenarios/periods, particularly in RCP8.5 in 2100 (316 thousand deaths/year), likely driven by the large increase in methane emissions and by the net effect of climate change projected in this scenario, but it leads to considerable avoided premature mortality for the three other RCPs. However, the global mortality burden of ozone markedly increases from 382,000 (121,000 to 728,000) deaths/year in 2000 to between 1.09 and 2.36 million deaths/year in 2100, across RCPs, mostly due to the effect of increases in population and baseline mortality rates. PM2.5 concentrations decrease relative to 2000 in all scenarios, due to projected reductions in emissions, and are associated with avoided premature mortality, particularly in 2100: between -2.39 and -1.31 million deaths/year for the four RCPs. The global mortality burden of PM2.5 is estimated to decrease from 1.70 (1.30 to 2.10) million deaths/year in 2000 to between 0.95 and 1.55 million deaths/year in 2100 for the four RCPs, due to the combined effect of decreases in PM2.5 concentrations and changes in population and baseline mortality rates. Trends in future air pollution-related mortality vary regionally across scenarios, reflecting assumptions for economic growth and air pollution control specific to each RCP and region. Mortality estimates differ among chemistry-climate models due to differences in simulated pollutant concentrations, which is the greatest contributor to overall mortality uncertainty for most cases assessed here, supporting the use of model ensembles to characterize uncertainty. Increases in exposed population and baseline mortality rates of respiratory diseases magnify the impact on premature mortality of changes in future air pollutant concentrations and explain why the future global mortality burden of air pollution can exceed the current burden, even where air pollutant concentrations decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel A Silva
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - J Jason West
- Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jean-François Lamarque
- NCAR Earth System Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Drew T Shindell
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - William J Collins
- Department of Meteorology, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Stig Dalsoren
- CICERO, Center for International Climate and Environmental Research-Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Greg Faluvegi
- NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies and Columbia Earth Institute, New York, New York, USA
| | | | - Larry W Horowitz
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Vaishali Naik
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Kengo Sudo
- Earth and Environmental Science, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Takemura
- Research Institute for Applied Mechanics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Daniel Bergmann
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California, USA
| | | | - Irene Cionni
- Agenzia Nazionale per le Nuove Tecnologie, l'Energia e lo Sviluppo Economico Sostenibile (ENEA), Bologna, Italy
| | - Ruth M Doherty
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Veronika Eyring
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - Beatrice Josse
- GAME/CNRM, Meteo-France, CNRS-Centre National de Recherches Meteorologiques, Toulouse, France
| | - I A MacKenzie
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - David Plummer
- Canadian Centre for Climate Modeling and Analysis, Environment Canada, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mattia Righi
- Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, Germany
| | - David S Stevenson
- School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Strode
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
- Universities Space Research Association, Columbia, Maryland, USA
| | - Sophie Szopa
- Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement, LSCE-CEA-CNRS-UVSQ, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Guang Zeng
- National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Lauder, New Zealand
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Abstract
This case represents the development of dizziness, palpitation, tightness in chest, flushing, and tremor on consumption of a single dose of tapentadol (100 mg) for acute lower back pain. The patient was admitted in the intensive cardiac care unit for continuous monitoring. At admission, electrocardiogram showed tachycardia (140/min) along with ST segment elevation in second chest lead (V2). The patient was monitored and advised not to take further doses of tapentadol. He was discharged after 36 hours of admission. Tapentadol should be used cautiously in patients with cardiovascular diseases and receiving sympathomimetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - C B Tripathi
- Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar, Gujarat, India
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Velho-Pereira S, Noronha A, Mathias A, Zakane R, Naik V, Naik P, Salker A, Naik S. Antibacterial action of doped CoFe2O4 nanocrystals on multidrug resistant bacterial strains. Materials Science and Engineering: C 2015; 52:282-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.03.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2014] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Yolk sac germ cell tumours are rare in post-menopausal patients. Most involve mixed yolk sac tumours Consider diagnosis in patients with a pelvic–abdominal mass and raised AFP
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Parker
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Barnsley Hospital, UK
| | - P Sanderson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Barnsley Hospital, UK
| | - V Naik
- Department of Pathology, Barnsley Hospital, UK
| | - C Quincey
- Department of Pathology, Barnsley Hospital, UK
| | - K Farag
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Barnsley Hospital, UK
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple linkages connect air quality and climate change. Many air pollutant sources also emit carbon dioxide (CO2), the dominant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG). The two main contributors to non-attainment of U.S. ambient air quality standards, ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM), interact with radiation, forcing climate change. PM warms by absorbing sunlight (e.g., black carbon) or cools by scattering sunlight (e.g., sulfates) and interacts with clouds; these radiative and microphysical interactions can induce changes in precipitation and regional circulation patterns. Climate change is expected to degrade air quality in many polluted regions by changing air pollution meteorology (ventilation and dilution), precipitation and other removal processes, and by triggering some amplifying responses in atmospheric chemistry and in anthropogenic and natural sources. Together, these processes shape distributions and extreme episodes of O3 and PM. Global modeling indicates that as air pollution programs reduce SO2 to meet health and other air quality goals, near-term warming accelerates due to "unmasking" of warming induced by rising CO2. Air pollutant controls on CH4, a potent GHG and precursor to global O3 levels, and on sources with high black carbon (BC) to organic carbon (OC) ratios could offset near-term warming induced by SO2 emission reductions, while reducing global background O3 and regionally high levels of PM. Lowering peak warming requires decreasing atmospheric CO2, which for some source categories would also reduce co-emitted air pollutants or their precursors. Model projections for alternative climate and air quality scenarios indicate a wide range for U.S. surface O3 and fine PM, although regional projections may be confounded by interannual to decadal natural climate variability. Continued implementation of U.S. NOx emission controls guards against rising pollution levels triggered either by climate change or by global emission growth. Improved accuracy and trends in emission inventories are critical for accountability analyses of historical and projected air pollution and climate mitigation policies. IMPLICATIONS The expansion of U.S. air pollution policy to protect climate provides an opportunity for joint mitigation, with CH4 a prime target. BC reductions in developing nations would lower the global health burden, and for BC-rich sources (e.g., diesel) may lessen warming. Controls on these emissions could offset near-term warming induced by health-motivated reductions of sulfate (cooling). Wildfires, dust, and other natural PM and O3 sources may increase with climate warming, posing challenges to implementing and attaining air quality standards. Accountability analyses for recent and projected air pollution and climate control strategies should underpin estimated benefits and trade-offs of future policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene M Fiore
- a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University , Palisades , NY , USA
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19
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Abstract
UNLABELLED Multiple linkages connect air quality and climate change. Many air pollutant sources also emit carbon dioxide (CO2), the dominant anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG). The two main contributors to non-attainment of U.S. ambient air quality standards, ozone (O3) and particulate matter (PM), interact with radiation, forcing climate change. PM warms by absorbing sunlight (e.g., black carbon) or cools by scattering sunlight (e.g., sulfates) and interacts with clouds; these radiative and microphysical interactions can induce changes in precipitation and regional circulation patterns. Climate change is expected to degrade air quality in many polluted regions by changing air pollution meteorology (ventilation and dilution), precipitation and other removal processes, and by triggering some amplifying responses in atmospheric chemistry and in anthropogenic and natural sources. Together, these processes shape distributions and extreme episodes of O3 and PM. Global modeling indicates that as air pollution programs reduce SO2 to meet health and other air quality goals, near-term warming accelerates due to "unmasking" of warming induced by rising CO2. Air pollutant controls on CH4, a potent GHG and precursor to global O3 levels, and on sources with high black carbon (BC) to organic carbon (OC) ratios could offset near-term warming induced by SO2 emission reductions, while reducing global background O3 and regionally high levels of PM. Lowering peak warming requires decreasing atmospheric CO2, which for some source categories would also reduce co-emitted air pollutants or their precursors. Model projections for alternative climate and air quality scenarios indicate a wide range for U.S. surface O3 and fine PM, although regional projections may be confounded by interannual to decadal natural climate variability. Continued implementation of U.S. NOx emission controls guards against rising pollution levels triggered either by climate change or by global emission growth. Improved accuracy and trends in emission inventories are critical for accountability analyses of historical and projected air pollution and climate mitigation policies. IMPLICATIONS The expansion of U.S. air pollution policy to protect climate provides an opportunity for joint mitigation, with CH4 a prime target. BC reductions in developing nations would lower the global health burden, and for BC-rich sources (e.g., diesel) may lessen warming. Controls on these emissions could offset near-term warming induced by health-motivated reductions of sulfate (cooling). Wildfires, dust, and other natural PM and O3 sources may increase with climate warming, posing challenges to implementing and attaining air quality standards. Accountability analyses for recent and projected air pollution and climate control strategies should underpin estimated benefits and trade-offs of future policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene M Fiore
- a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University , Palisades , NY , USA
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Petrie J, Easton S, Naik V, Lockie C, Brett SJ, Stümpfle R. Hospital costs of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients treated in intensive care; a single centre evaluation using the national tariff-based system. BMJ Open 2015; 5:e005797. [PMID: 25838503 PMCID: PMC4390724 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2014-005797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES There is a scarcity of literature reporting hospital costs for treating out of hospital cardiac arrest (OOHCA) survivors, especially within the UK. This is essential for assessment of cost-effectiveness of interventions necessary to allow just allocation of resources within the National Health Service. We set out primarily to calculate costs stratified against hospital survival and neurological outcomes. Secondarily, we estimated cost effectiveness based on estimates of survival and utility from previous studies to calculate costs per quality adjusted life year (QALY). SETTING We performed a single centre (London) retrospective review of in-hospital costs of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) following return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) after OOHCA over 18 months from January 2011 (following widespread introduction of targeted temperature management and primary percutaneous intervention). PARTICIPANTS Of 69 successive patients admitted over an 18-month period, survival and cerebral performance category (CPC) outcomes were obtained from review of databases and clinical notes. The Trust finance department supplied ICU and hospital costs using the Payment by Results UK system. RESULTS Of those patients with ROSC admitted to ICU, survival to hospital discharge (any CPC) was 33/69 (48%) with 26/33 survivors in CPC 1-2 at hospital discharge. Cost per survivor to hospital discharge (including total cost of survivors and non-survivors) was £50,000, cost per CPC 1-2 survivor was £65,000. Cost and length of stay of CPC 1-2 patients was considerably lower than CPC 3-4 patients. The majority of the costs (69%) related to intensive care. Estimated cost per CPC 1-2 survivor per QALY was £16,000. CONCLUSIONS The costs of in-hospital patient care for ICU admissions following ROSC after OOHCA are considerable but within a reasonable threshold when assessed from a QALY perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Petrie
- Centre for Perioperative Medicine and Critical Care Research, London, UK
| | - S Easton
- Finance Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - V Naik
- Finance Department, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK
| | - C Lockie
- Centre for Perioperative Medicine and Critical Care Research, London, UK
| | - S J Brett
- Centre for Perioperative Medicine and Critical Care Research, London, UK
| | - R Stümpfle
- Centre for Perioperative Medicine and Critical Care Research, London, UK
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Rehmani K, Raju K, Patnaik S, Naik V, Rajagopalan R, Pawar S, Mahajan M, Rayani B, Murthy S, Rao T. S. 125. Minimally Invasive Esophagectomy (MIE) – adequacy and short term perioperative outcomes – our experience. Eur J Surg Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2014.08.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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22
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Hariprasad K, Prabhu N, Acharya S, Nagappa AN, Naik V. A Comparative Clinical Evaluation of Trayodashanga Guggulu and Mustadiyapana Yoga Basti in Gridhrasi. Value Health 2014; 17:A771. [PMID: 27202843 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hariprasad
- Muniyal Institute of Ayurveda Medical Sciences, Muniyal, India
| | - N Prabhu
- Manipal Univiersity, Manipal, India
| | - S Acharya
- Muniyal Institute of Ayurveda Medical Sciences, Muniyal, India
| | - A N Nagappa
- Department of Pharmacy Management, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
| | - V Naik
- Manipal Univiersity, Manipal, India
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Gopalakrishnan H, Acharya S, Naik V, Nagappa AN. Efficacy of Ayurvedic Formulation in The Management of Essential Hypertension. Value Health 2014; 17:A758. [PMID: 27202768 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - S Acharya
- Muniyal Institute of Ayurveda Medical Sciences, Muniyal, India
| | - V Naik
- Manipal Univiersity, Manipal, India
| | - A N Nagappa
- Department of Pharmacy Management, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal University, Manipal, India
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Naik V, Gamad R, Bansod P. Implementation of three different segmentation techniques for quantitative evaluation of IMT in B-mode ultrasound common carotid artery images. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering: Imaging & Visualization 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/21681163.2014.930674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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West JJ, Smith SJ, Silva RA, Naik V, Zhang Y, Adelman Z, Fry MM, Anenberg S, Horowitz LW, Lamarque JF. Co-benefits of Global Greenhouse Gas Mitigation for Future Air Quality and Human Health. Nat Clim Chang 2013; 3:885-889. [PMID: 24926321 PMCID: PMC4051351 DOI: 10.1038/nclimate2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Actions to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions often reduce co-emitted air pollutants, bringing co-benefits for air quality and human health. Past studies1-6 typically evaluated near-term and local co-benefits, neglecting the long-range transport of air pollutants7-9, long-term demographic changes, and the influence of climate change on air quality10-12. Here we simulate the co-benefits of global GHG reductions on air quality and human health using a global atmospheric model and consistent future scenarios, via two mechanisms: a) reducing co-emitted air pollutants, and b) slowing climate change and its effect on air quality. We use new relationships between chronic mortality and exposure to fine particulate matter13 and ozone14, global modeling methods15, and new future scenarios16. Relative to a reference scenario, global GHG mitigation avoids 0.5±0.2, 1.3±0.5, and 2.2±0.8 million premature deaths in 2030, 2050, and 2100. Global average marginal co-benefits of avoided mortality are $50-380 (ton CO2)-1, which exceed previous estimates, exceed marginal abatement costs in 2030 and 2050, and are within the low range of costs in 2100. East Asian co-benefits are 10-70 times the marginal cost in 2030. Air quality and health co-benefits, especially as they are mainly local and near-term, provide strong additional motivation for transitioning to a low-carbon future.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Jason West
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Steven J Smith
- Joint Global Change Research Institute, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, College Park, MD 20740, USA
| | - Raquel A Silva
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vaishali Naik
- UCAR/NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
| | - Yuqiang Zhang
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Zachariah Adelman
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Meridith M Fry
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Susan Anenberg
- US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC 20004, USA
| | - Larry W Horowitz
- NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, NJ 08540, USA
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Devpura S, Naik R, Thakur J, Naik V, Sethi S, Sarkar F, Sakr W, Poulik J, Rabah R, Klein M, Barton K, Siddiqui F, Chetty I. TU-A-WAB-03: BEST IN PHYSICS (JOINT IMAGING-THERAPY)-Application of Raman Spectroscopy for Diagnosis of Adult and Pediatric Cancers. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4815337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Naik V, Chakrabarti A, Bhattacharjee M, Karmakar P, Bandyopadhyay A, Bhattacharjee S, Dechoudhury S, Mondal M, Pandey HK, Lavanyakumar D, Mandi TK, Dutta DP, Kundu Roy T, Bhowmick D, Sanyal D, Srivastava SCL, Ray A, Ali MS. A gas-jet transport and catcher technique for on-line production of radioactive ion beams using an electron cyclotron resonance ion-source. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:033301. [PMID: 23556809 DOI: 10.1063/1.4792594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Radioactive ion beams (RIB) have been produced on-line, using a gas-jet recoil transport coupled Electron Cyclotron Resonance (ECR) ion-source at the VECC-RIB facility. Radioactive atoms∕molecules carried through the gas-jet were stopped in a catcher placed inside the ECR plasma chamber. A skimmer has been used to remove bulk of the carrier gas at the ECR entrance. The diffusion of atoms∕molecules through the catcher has been verified off-line using stable isotopes and on-line through transmission of radioactive reaction products. Beams of (14)O (71 s), (42)K (12.4 h), (43)K (22.2 h), and (41)Ar (1.8 h) have been produced by bombarding nitrogen and argon gas targets with proton and alpha particle beams from the K130 cyclotron at VECC. Typical measured intensity of RIB at the separator focal plane is found to be a few times 10(3) particles per second (pps). About 3.2 × 10(3) pps of 1.4 MeV (14)O RIB has been measured after acceleration through a radiofrequency quadrupole linac. The details of the gas-jet coupled ECR ion-source and RIB production experiments are presented along with the plans for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Naik
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Sector-1, Block-AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India.
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Lin M, Fiore AM, Cooper OR, Horowitz LW, Langford AO, Levy H, Johnson BJ, Naik V, Oltmans SJ, Senff CJ. Springtime high surface ozone events over the western United States: Quantifying the role of stratospheric intrusions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2012jd018151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Fiore AM, Naik V, Spracklen DV, Steiner A, Unger N, Prather M, Bergmann D, Cameron-Smith PJ, Cionni I, Collins WJ, Dalsøren S, Eyring V, Folberth GA, Ginoux P, Horowitz LW, Josse B, Lamarque JF, MacKenzie IA, Nagashima T, O'Connor FM, Righi M, Rumbold ST, Shindell DT, Skeie RB, Sudo K, Szopa S, Takemura T, Zeng G. Global air quality and climate. Chem Soc Rev 2012; 41:6663-83. [PMID: 22868337 DOI: 10.1039/c2cs35095e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Emissions of air pollutants and their precursors determine regional air quality and can alter climate. Climate change can perturb the long-range transport, chemical processing, and local meteorology that influence air pollution. We review the implications of projected changes in methane (CH(4)), ozone precursors (O(3)), and aerosols for climate (expressed in terms of the radiative forcing metric or changes in global surface temperature) and hemispheric-to-continental scale air quality. Reducing the O(3) precursor CH(4) would slow near-term warming by decreasing both CH(4) and tropospheric O(3). Uncertainty remains as to the net climate forcing from anthropogenic nitrogen oxide (NO(x)) emissions, which increase tropospheric O(3) (warming) but also increase aerosols and decrease CH(4) (both cooling). Anthropogenic emissions of carbon monoxide (CO) and non-CH(4) volatile organic compounds (NMVOC) warm by increasing both O(3) and CH(4). Radiative impacts from secondary organic aerosols (SOA) are poorly understood. Black carbon emission controls, by reducing the absorption of sunlight in the atmosphere and on snow and ice, have the potential to slow near-term warming, but uncertainties in coincident emissions of reflective (cooling) aerosols and poorly constrained cloud indirect effects confound robust estimates of net climate impacts. Reducing sulfate and nitrate aerosols would improve air quality and lessen interference with the hydrologic cycle, but lead to warming. A holistic and balanced view is thus needed to assess how air pollution controls influence climate; a first step towards this goal involves estimating net climate impacts from individual emission sectors. Modeling and observational analyses suggest a warming climate degrades air quality (increasing surface O(3) and particulate matter) in many populated regions, including during pollution episodes. Prior Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) scenarios (SRES) allowed unconstrained growth, whereas the Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios assume uniformly an aggressive reduction, of air pollutant emissions. New estimates from the current generation of chemistry-climate models with RCP emissions thus project improved air quality over the next century relative to those using the IPCC SRES scenarios. These two sets of projections likely bracket possible futures. We find that uncertainty in emission-driven changes in air quality is generally greater than uncertainty in climate-driven changes. Confidence in air quality projections is limited by the reliability of anthropogenic emission trajectories and the uncertainties in regional climate responses, feedbacks with the terrestrial biosphere, and oxidation pathways affecting O(3) and SOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arlene M Fiore
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, NY, USA.
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Bellad MB, Goudar SS, Edlavitch SA, Mahantshetti NS, Naik V, Hemingway-Foday JJ, Gupta M, Nalina HR, Derman R, Moss N, Kodkany BS. Consanguinity, prematurity, birth weight and pregnancy loss: a prospective cohort study at four primary health center areas of Karnataka, India. J Perinatol 2012; 32:431-7. [PMID: 21852769 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2011.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether consanguinity adversely influences pregnancy outcome in South India, where consanguinity is a common means of family property retention. STUDY DESIGN Data were collected from a prospective cohort of 647 consenting women, consecutively registered for antenatal care between 14 and 18 weeks gestation, in Belgaum district, Karnataka in 2005. Three-generation pedigree charts were drawn for consanguineous participants. χ (2)-Test and Student's t-test were used to assess categorical and continuous data, respectively, using SPSS version 14. Multivariate logistic regression adjusted for confounding variables. RESULT Overall, 24.1% of 601 women with singleton births and outcome data were consanguineous. Demographic characteristics between study groups were similar. Non-consanguineous couples had fewer stillbirths (2.6 vs 6.9% P=0.017; adjusted P=0.050), miscarriages (1.8 vs 4.1%, P=0.097; adjusted P=0.052) and lower incidence of birth weight <2500 g (21.8 vs 29.5%, P=0.071, adjusted P=0.044). Gestation <37 weeks was 6.2% in both the groups. Adjusted for consanguinity and other potential confounders, age <20 years was protective of stillbirth (P=0.01), pregnancy loss (P=0.023) and preterm birth (P=0.013), whereas smoking (P=0.015) and poverty (P=0.003) were associated with higher rates of low birth weight. CONCLUSION Consanguinity significantly increases pregnancy loss and birth weight <2500 g.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Bellad
- Department of Medical Education, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Belgaum, India
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Abstract
Isolated caecal perforation following pancreatitis is a rare event. We report a case of severe non-necrotising pancreatitis complicated by caecal perforation that was managed successfully.
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Fry MM, Naik V, West JJ, Schwarzkopf MD, Fiore AM, Collins WJ, Dentener FJ, Shindell DT, Atherton C, Bergmann D, Duncan BN, Hess P, MacKenzie IA, Marmer E, Schultz MG, Szopa S, Wild O, Zeng G. The influence of ozone precursor emissions from four world regions on tropospheric composition and radiative climate forcing. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lin M, Fiore AM, Horowitz LW, Cooper OR, Naik V, Holloway J, Johnson BJ, Middlebrook AM, Oltmans SJ, Pollack IB, Ryerson TB, Warner JX, Wiedinmyer C, Wilson J, Wyman B. Transport of Asian ozone pollution into surface air over the western United States in spring. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 201] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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34
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Price J, Naik V, Boodhwani M, Brandys T, Hendry P, Lam B. 376 The impact of after-hours simulator practice on performance of vascular anastomosis during surgical training: A randomized trial. Can J Cardiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2011.07.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022] Open
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35
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Karmakar P, Bhattacharjee S, Naik V, Sinha AK, Chakrabarti A. Coulomb explosion sputtering of selectively oxidized Si. J Phys Condens Matter 2010; 22:175005. [PMID: 21393663 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/22/17/175005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the sputtering of a unique system comprising of coexisting silicon and silicon oxide surfaces due to the impact of multiply charged Ar(q+) ions. Such surfaces are produced by oblique angle oxygen ion bombardment on Si(100), which results in one side oxidized ripple formation due to preferential oxygen implantation. It is observed by atomic force microscopy and conducting atomic force microscopy studies that the higher the potential energy of the Ar(q+) ion, the higher the sputtering yield of the nonconducting (oxide) side of the ripple as compared to the semiconducting side while ensuring an identical irradiation and measurement condition. It also shows experimentally the potential of highly charged ions in the gentle cleaning or tailoring of nanostructures. The results are explained in terms of the Coulomb explosion model, where potential sputtering depends on the conductivity of the ion impact sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Karmakar
- RIB Laboratory, Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata 700 064, India.
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Dechoudhury S, Naik V, Mondal M, Chatterjee A, Pandey HK, Mandi TK, Bandyopadhyay A, Karmakar P, Bhattacharjee S, Chouhan PS, Ali S, Srivastava SCL, Chakrabarti A. Design and development of a radio frequency quadrupole linac postaccelerator for the Variable Energy Cyclotron Center rare ion beam project. Rev Sci Instrum 2010; 81:023301. [PMID: 20192486 DOI: 10.1063/1.3280175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A four-rod type heavy-ion radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linac has been designed, constructed, and tested for the rare ion beam (RIB) facility project at VECC. Designed for cw operation, this RFQ is the first postaccelerator in the RIB beam line. It will accelerate A/q < or = 14 heavy ions coming from the ion source to the energy of around 100 keV/u for subsequent acceleration in a number of Interdigital H-Linac. Operating at a resonance frequency of 37.83 MHz, maximum intervane voltage of around 54 kV will be needed to achieve the final energy over a vane length of 3.12 m for a power loss of 35 kW. In the first beam tests, transmission efficiency of about 90% was measured at the QQ focus after the RFQ for O(5+) beam. In this article the design of the RFQ including the effect of vane modulation on the rf characteristics and results of beam tests will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Dechoudhury
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Center, 1/AF, Bidhan Nagar, Kolkata 700064, India
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Naik V, Kini R, Shetty A. Rapidly Proliferating Nodular Fasciitis of the Maxillary Alveolus Extending into Antrum. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol 2010. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-1363.166989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023] Open
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Rakha EA, Naik V, Chaudry Z, Baldwin D, Soomro IN. Cytological assessment of conventional transbronchial fine needle aspiration of lymph nodes. Cytopathology 2008; 21:27-34. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2303.2008.00590.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Fiore AM, West JJ, Horowitz LW, Naik V, Schwarzkopf MD. Characterizing the tropospheric ozone response to methane emission controls and the benefits to climate and air quality. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chakrabarti A, Naik V, Dechoudhury S, Bandyopadhyay A, Mondal M, Pandey HK, Roy TK, Sanyal D, Bhowmick D. 33.7 MHz heavy-ion radio frequency quadrupole linac at VECC Kolkata. Rev Sci Instrum 2007; 78:043303. [PMID: 17477651 DOI: 10.1063/1.2727457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A 33.7 MHz heavy-ion radio frequency quadrupole (RFQ) linear accelerator has been designed, built, and tested. It is a four-rod-type RFQ designed for acceleration of 1.38 keVu, qA> or =116 ions to about 29 keVu. Transmission efficiencies of about 85% and 80% have been measured for the unanalyzed and analyzed beams, respectively, of oxygen ((16)O(2+), (16)O(3+), (16)O(4+)), nitrogen ((14)N(3+), (14)N(4+)), and argon ((40)Ar(4+)). The system design and measurements along with results of beam acceleration test will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alok Chakrabarti
- Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre (VECC), 1/AF, Bidhannagar, Kolkata, India.
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Bhambri R, Naik V, Malhotra N, Taneja S, Rastogi S, Ravishanker U, Mithal A. Changes in bone mineral density following treatment of osteomalacia. J Clin Densitom 2006; 9:120-7. [PMID: 16731441 DOI: 10.1016/j.jocd.2005.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2004] [Revised: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Osteomalacia is characterized by defective mineralization and low bone mineral density (BMD). Clinical and biochemical improvements typically occur within a few weeks of starting treatment, though the bone mineral deficits may take longer to correct. We report a case series of 26 patients with frank osteomalacia (pseudo fractures on X-rays, elevated serum total alkaline phosphatase and parathyroid hormone, normal/low serum calcium and phosphorus, and low serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D) who were followed-up for changes in BMD during treatment using dual- energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). There were 23 patients with nutritional vitamin D deficiency, 2 with malabsorption syndrome, and 1 with renal tubular acidosis. All patients were treated with vitamin D and calcium; the 3 patients with associated disorders were treated accordingly. At baseline, there was low BMD at all sites tested. The rate of increase in vertebral and hip BMD was rapid in the initial few months, which subsequently slowed down. In contrast to the large increases in BMD at the femoral neck and lumbar spine, the radial BMD did not recover. At the time when most patients had marked clinical and biochemical improvement (2.8+/-1.4 mo), the vertebral and hip BMD, although improved from baseline, had not completely recovered. Bone loss at the forearm (cortical site) appears to be largely irreversible. Although the clinical correlates of these changes are presently unclear, BMD measurements are useful in assessing the initial severity of bone loss as well as the response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Bhambri
- Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, Indraparastha Apollo Hospital, Sarita Vihar, New Delhi, India
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Naik V, Mauzerall D, Horowitz L, Schwarzkopf MD, Ramaswamy V, Oppenheimer M. Net radiative forcing due to changes in regional emissions of tropospheric ozone precursors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Naik
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois USA
| | - Christine Delire
- Center for Sustainability and the Global Environment, Gaylord Nelson Institute for Environmental Studies; University of Wisconsin-Madison; Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Donald J. Wuebbles
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; University of Illinois; Urbana Illinois USA
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Naik V, Jonsson NN, Phillips NJ, Kaye P. 239.Sensitivity of bovine morulae and blastocysts to heat shock in vitro. Reprod Fertil Dev 2004. [DOI: 10.1071/srb04abs239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thermotolerance of blastocysts and morulae is greater than that of zygotes. However, lower rates of pregnancy have been recorded when morulae rather than blastocysts were transferred. The aim of this study was to determine if morulae displayed lower thermotolerance than blastocysts in vitro. Embryos were produced from oocytes collected from abattoir-sourced ovaries. On Day 7 post fertilisation, embryos were classified as morulae or blasotcysts and subjected to either an increase in temperature from 39�C to 41.5�C over 1 h followed by a decrease to 39�C over 2 h (HS) or maintained at 39�C (NHS), using a water jacketed CO2 incubator. The number of embryos progressing to expanded and hatched blastocysts was recorded after 48 h further culture at 39�C. After arcsine transformation, the proportions progressing were submitted to a general linear model using adjusted sum of squares for tests of difference. Factors were embryonic stage, treatment and sire and the interaction terms of stage and sire with treatment. The Kruskall-Wallis test was also applied to the untransformed, non-parameteric data set. Non-parameteric , univariant analysis indicated non-significant effects of treatment (NHS median proportion progressing =72%, HS = 64%, P = 0.12) and of sire (NHS = 78%, HS = 64%, P = 0.168), while the effect of stage was highly significant (morulae = 35%, blastocysts = 79%, P�=�0.0000). However, according to the general linear model, treatment and stage were significant factors (F�=�5.39 and 38.3, respectively, and P�=�0.032 and 0.000, respectively) and sire approached significance (F�=�4.09, P�=�0.058). Neither of the interaction terms was significant. It was concluded that embryos, which were morulae on Day 7, were less likely to progress to expanded or hatched blastocysts and that heat shock reduced developmental progression.
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Baruah A, Naik V, Hendre PS, Rajkumar R, Rajendrakumar P, Aggarwal RK. Isolation and characterization of nine microsatellite markers from Coffea arabica L., showing wide cross-species amplifications. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1471-8286.2003.00544.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Various geoengineering schemes have been proposed to counteract anthropogenically induced climate change. In a previous study, it was suggested that a 1.8% reduction in solar radiation incident on the Earth's surface could noticeably reduce regional and seasonal climate change from increased atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the response of the terrestrial biosphere to reduced solar radiation in a CO2-rich climate was not investigated. In this study, we hypothesized that a reduction in incident solar radiation in a Doubled CO2 atmosphere will diminish the net primary productivity (NPP) of terrestrial ecosystems, potentially accelerating the accumulation of CO2 in the atmosphere. We used a dynamic global ecosystem model, the Integrated Biosphere Simulator (IBIS), to investigate this hypothesis in an unperturbed climatology. While this simplified modeling framework effectively separated the influence of CO2 and sunlight on the terrestrial biosphere, it did not consider the complex feedbacks within the Earth's climate system. Our analysis indicated that compared to a Doubled CO2 scenario, reduction in incident solar radiation by 1.8% in a double CO2 world will have negligible impact on the NPP of terrestrial ecosystems. There were, however, spatial variations in the response of NPP-engineered solar radiation. While productivity decreased by less than 2% in the tropical and boreal forests as hypothesized, it increased by a similar percentage in the temperate deciduous forests and grasslands. This increase in productivity was attributed to an approximately 1% reduction in evapotranspiration in the Geoengineered scenario relative to the Doubled CO2 scenario. Our initial hypothesis was rejected because of unanticipated effects of engineered solar radiation on the hydrologic cycle. However, any geoengineering approaches that reduce incident solar radiation need to be thoroughly analyzed in view of the implications on ecosystem productivity and the hydrologic cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaishali Naik
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Illinois, 105 S. Gregory Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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47
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Maitra A, Pingle RR, Menon PS, Naik V, Gokral JS, Meherji PK. Dyslipidemia with particular regard to apolipoprotein profile in association with polycystic ovary syndrome: a study among Indian women. Int J Fertil Womens Med 2001; 46:271-7. [PMID: 11720200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate putative dyslipidemia in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) with particular emphasis on specific parameters of atherosclerotic risk, and to assess the independent influence of obesity and hyperandrogenemia on these parameters. SUBJECTS Women investigated were among those attending the infertility clinics. Three groups of women were studied: (I) a core study group consisting of oligomenorrhoeic, chronically anovulatory women with or without obesity in whom polycystic ovaries were confirmed through ultrasound evidence, and were established to be the cause of infertility; II) a control group of non-hirsute, non-obese women with regular menstrual cycles; and (III) a group of controls consisting of women with obesity, but with normal ovarian morphology and regular menstrual cycles. METHODS All three study groups were investigated for androgen (total testosterone) and lipid-lipoprotein profile, including apolipoproteins, ApoA1 and ApoB. Retrospective analysis of the data was carried out to assess hyperandrogenism in the study group of women with PCOS as well as to investigate changes in the lipid-lipoprotein profile, particularly the measures of cardiovascular risk, ApoA1 and ApoB. RESULTS Triglycerides showed a significant increase in the PCOS group compared to controls, whereas HDL-cholesterol as well as HDL-carrying ApoA1 showed a significant decrease (P < .05). Also a significant finding was the decrease in ApoA1/ApoB ratio among the women with PCOS compared to both controls and obese women. A direct negative correlation of this decrease in ApoA1/ApoB ratio with the Body Mass Index was also confirmed in the study. Hyperandrogenemia in terms of significantly raised total testosterone levels was found in 30% of the PCOS women. However, no direct correlation of this increase with changes in lipid-lipoprotein profile could be observed. CONCLUSION The study confirms the trend toward dyslipidemia among women with PCOS, particularly in parameters associated with cardiovascular risk. A significant association of obesity rather than raised testosterone with this dyslipidemia was also confirmed by the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Maitra
- Institute for Research in Reproduction (ICMR), Parel, Mumbai, India
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Jain AK, Li Z, Naik V, Wuebbles DJ, Good DA, Hansen JC, Francisco JS. Evaluation of the atmospheric lifetime and radiative forcing on climate for 1,2,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl trifluoromethyl ether (CF3OCHFCF3). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd900013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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49
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Abstract
The working conditions in the developing world necessitate the development of many adaptations and improvizations of accepted anaesthetic techniques to improve patient care. Subcutaneous tunnelling of caudally placed epidural catheters is one such improvization to prevent the soiling of the catheter by urine and faeces. This study compares the duration of retention of catheter in a group with tunnelled catheters with an untunnelled group. The absence of a catheter emerging through skin at the site of catheter insertion hastens healing thus prolonging the retention of catheter in the tunnelled group and soiling ceases to be a major problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Vas
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Bai Jerbai Wadia Hospital for Children Acharya Donde Marg, Parel, Mumbai 400012, India
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50
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Naik V, Jain AK, Patten KO, Wuebbles DJ. Consistent sets of atmospheric lifetimes and radiative forcings on climate for CFC replacements: HCFCs and HFCs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd901128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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