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Trauchessec V, Drouet V, Chollet C, Cornet P, Masclet-Gobin I, Chardavoine S, Prunet P, Duchastenier W, Diaz R, Le Deroff L, Wrobel R, Depierreux S. Time-resolved near backscatter imaging system on Laser MegaJoule. Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:103519. [PMID: 36319331 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The newly operating near-backscattering imaging (NBI) system on the Laser MegaJoule (LMJ) is briefly described with emphasis on the temporally resolved measurements and their synchronization with the LMJ laser pulse through target shots taken as part of the diagnostic commissioning campaign. The NBI measures the stimulated Brillouin and Raman scattered light around two quadruplets (one inner and one outer) of the upper LMJ hemisphere. The temporal resolution is achieved with a unique system: a specifically designed wide-open optical lens images 40 points of a diffuser onto an array of optical fibers with the scattered light recorded on a multiplexed photodiode array.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - V Drouet
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - C Chollet
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | - P Cornet
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
| | | | | | - P Prunet
- CEA, DAM, CESTA, F33114 Le Barp, France
| | | | - R Diaz
- CEA, DAM, CESTA, F33114 Le Barp, France
| | | | - R Wrobel
- CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
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Drouet V, Do JM, Verel S. OPTIMIZATION OF LOAD-FOLLOW OPERATIONS OF A 1300MW PRESSURIZED WATER REACTOR USING EVOLUTIONNARY ALGORITHMS. EPJ Web Conf 2021. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202124711001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of the increase of intermittent renewable energies, load follow operations for French PWR will be crucial in the years to come. The goal of this study is to make realistic changes to the plant operations in order to optimize load-following without disrupting the plant. 6 discrete parameters were considered among the overlaps, speeds and maneuvering bands of the control rods. A simulator oriented model of the pressurized reactor based on APOLLO3® is used. It includes 3D neutronics calculations with point kinetics and a 0D model of the secondary system. The operating mode (G mode) was modeled, to account for the human operator of the power plant. Two objectives were considered so as to both minimize the volume of effluents generated during the transient, and maximize the core axial stability. The reaction of the power plant to a load follow transient varies greatly during the operating cycle, because of fuel depletion effects. Therefore, 4 burnup points are considered and the objectives are computed for each point and then reduced to two “whole cycle” objectives. A biobjective massively parallel asynchronous master worker evolutionary algorithm based on AMS-MOEA/D was implemented. It is a highly exploratory algorithm, suitable for black-box problems with an important computing time. The analysis of the performances of this algorithm shows that it is able to find a diversified Pareto front, with solutions that greatly improve the load follow operations for all burnup points compared to the standard control rod parameters.
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Bouhouche A, Tesson C, Regragui W, Rahmani M, Drouet V, Tibar H, Souirti Z, Ben El Haj R, Bouslam N, Yahyaoui M, Brice A, Benomar A, Lesage S. Mutation Analysis of Consanguineous Moroccan Patients with Parkinson's Disease Combining Microarray and Gene Panel. Front Neurol 2017; 8:567. [PMID: 29163333 PMCID: PMC5674924 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2017.00567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
During the last two decades, 15 different genes have been reported to be responsible for the monogenic form of Parkinson’s disease (PD), representing a worldwide frequency of 5–10%. Among them, 10 genes have been associated with autosomal recessive PD, with PRKN and PINK1 being the most frequent. In a cohort of 145 unrelated Moroccan PD patients enrolled since 2013, 19 patients were born from a consanguineous marriage, of which 15 were isolated cases and 4 familial. One patient was homozygous for the common LRRK2 G2019S mutation and the 18 others who did not carry this mutation were screened for exon rearrangements in the PRKN gene using Affymetrix Cytoscan HD microarray. Two patients were determined homozygous for PRKN exon-deletions, while another patient presented with compound heterozygous inheritance (3/18, 17%). Two other patients showed a region of homozygosity covering the 1p36.12 locus and were sequenced for the candidate PINK1 gene, which revealed two homozygous point mutations: the known Q456X mutation in exon 7 and a novel L539F variation in exon 8. The 13 remaining patients were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS) that targeted a panel of 22 PD-causing genes and overlapping phenotypes. NGS data showed that two unrelated consanguineous patients with juvenile-onset PD (12 and 13 years) carried the same homozygous stop mutation W258X in the ATP13A2 gene, possibly resulting from a founder effect; and one patient with late onset (76 years) carried a novel heterozygous frameshift mutation in SYNJ1. Clinical analysis showed that patients with the ATP13A2 mutation developed juvenile-onset PD with a severe phenotype, whereas patients having either PRKN or PINK1 mutations displayed early-onset PD with a relatively mild phenotype. By identifying pathogenic mutations in 45% (8/18) of our consanguineous Moroccan PD series, we demonstrate that the combination of chromosomal microarray analysis and NGS is a powerful approach to pinpoint the genetic bases of autosomal recessive PD, particularly in countries with a high rate of consanguinity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Bouhouche
- Research Team in Neurology and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Christelle Tesson
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR_S 1127, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Wafaa Regragui
- Research Team in Neurology and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mounia Rahmani
- Research Team in Neurology and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Valérie Drouet
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR_S 1127, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Houyam Tibar
- Research Team in Neurology and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Zouhayr Souirti
- Clinical Neurosciences Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez, Morocco
| | - Rafiqua Ben El Haj
- Research Team in Neurology and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Naima Bouslam
- Research Team in Neurology and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Mohamed Yahyaoui
- Research Team in Neurology and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR_S 1127, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
| | - Ali Benomar
- Research Team in Neurology and Neurogenetics, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Genomics Center of Human Pathologies, University Mohammed V, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 6 UMR_S 1127, INSERM U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, ICM, Paris, France
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Jansen IE, Ye H, Heetveld S, Lechler MC, Michels H, Seinstra RI, Lubbe SJ, Drouet V, Lesage S, Majounie E, Gibbs JR, Nalls MA, Ryten M, Botia JA, Vandrovcova J, Simon-Sanchez J, Castillo-Lizardo M, Rizzu P, Blauwendraat C, Chouhan AK, Li Y, Yogi P, Amin N, van Duijn CM, Morris HR, Brice A, Singleton AB, David DC, Nollen EA, Jain S, Shulman JM, Heutink P. Discovery and functional prioritization of Parkinson's disease candidate genes from large-scale whole exome sequencing. Genome Biol 2017; 18:22. [PMID: 28137300 PMCID: PMC5282828 DOI: 10.1186/s13059-017-1147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whole-exome sequencing (WES) has been successful in identifying genes that cause familial Parkinson's disease (PD). However, until now this approach has not been deployed to study large cohorts of unrelated participants. To discover rare PD susceptibility variants, we performed WES in 1148 unrelated cases and 503 control participants. Candidate genes were subsequently validated for functions relevant to PD based on parallel RNA-interference (RNAi) screens in human cell culture and Drosophila and C. elegans models. RESULTS Assuming autosomal recessive inheritance, we identify 27 genes that have homozygous or compound heterozygous loss-of-function variants in PD cases. Definitive replication and confirmation of these findings were hindered by potential heterogeneity and by the rarity of the implicated alleles. We therefore looked for potential genetic interactions with established PD mechanisms. Following RNAi-mediated knockdown, 15 of the genes modulated mitochondrial dynamics in human neuronal cultures and four candidates enhanced α-synuclein-induced neurodegeneration in Drosophila. Based on complementary analyses in independent human datasets, five functionally validated genes-GPATCH2L, UHRF1BP1L, PTPRH, ARSB, and VPS13C-also showed evidence consistent with genetic replication. CONCLUSIONS By integrating human genetic and functional evidence, we identify several PD susceptibility gene candidates for further investigation. Our approach highlights a powerful experimental strategy with broad applicability for future studies of disorders with complex genetic etiologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris E. Jansen
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 23, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081HZ The Netherlands
| | - Hui Ye
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Sasja Heetveld
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 23, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Marie C. Lechler
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 23, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
- Graduate School of Cellular & Molecular Neuroscience, Tübingen, 72074 Germany
| | - Helen Michels
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, 9700AD The Netherlands
| | - Renée I. Seinstra
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, 9700AD The Netherlands
| | - Steven J. Lubbe
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Ken and Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Chicago, IL USA
| | - Valérie Drouet
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Elisa Majounie
- Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J. Raphael Gibbs
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Mike A. Nalls
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD USA
| | - Mina Ryten
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
- Department of Medical & Molecular Genetics, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Juan A. Botia
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Jana Vandrovcova
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Javier Simon-Sanchez
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 23, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Melissa Castillo-Lizardo
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 23, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Patrizia Rizzu
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 23, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Cornelis Blauwendraat
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 23, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Amit K. Chouhan
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Yarong Li
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Puja Yogi
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
| | - Najaf Amin
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia M. van Duijn
- Genetic Epidemiology Unit, Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Huw R. Morris
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, UCL Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Alexis Brice
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UMR_S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
- Assistance Publique Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière, Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique, Paris, France
| | | | - Della C. David
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 23, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Ellen A. Nollen
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Aging, University of Groningen, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, 9700AD The Netherlands
| | - Shushant Jain
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 23, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
| | - Joshua M. Shulman
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Neurology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Department of Neuroscience and Program in Developmental Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX USA
- Jan and Dan Duncan Neurological Research Institute, Texas Children’s Hospital, 1250 Moursund St., N.1150, Houston, TX 77030 USA
| | - Peter Heutink
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Otfried-Müller-Str. 23, Tübingen, 72076 Germany
- Department of Clinical Genetics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, 1081HZ The Netherlands
- Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Canal F, Charawi S, Grimber G, Houbron C, Drouet V, Colnot S, Terris B, Cavard C, Perret C. Generation of Mice with Hepatocyte-Specific Conditional Deletion of Notum. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0150997. [PMID: 26974334 PMCID: PMC4790944 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0150997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fine tuning of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is essential for the proper development and function of the liver. Aberrant activation of this pathway is observed in 20%-40% of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC). Notum encodes a secreted Wnt deacylase that inhibits Wnt activity and thereby restricts the zone of activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. An important role of NOTUM has been described in development in drosophila, planaria and zebrafish, but its role in the mammalian liver is unknown. Notum is required for spatial control of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in several animal models and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway contributes to liver patterning involved in metabolic zonation. Therefore, Notum may be involved in the liver patterning induced by the Wnt/β-catenin signaling during the adult stage. Methodology/principal findings We generated a conditional Notum knockout mouse mutant to study the effect of the deletion of Notum in the liver. We show that Notum is a direct target of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the liver. Liver-specific deletion of Notum did not modify liver zonation, but Notum deletion had a long-term effect on mouse physiology. In particular, male mutant mice developed metabolic disorders. Conclusion We show that Notum is not a key actor of Wnt/β-catenin-dependent liver patterning of adult mice, but has role in liver glucose homeostasis. Male mice deficient in Notum specifically in the liver develop metabolic dysfunctions implicating Notum in the development of Type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Canal
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC, Paris, France
| | - Sara Charawi
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC, Paris, France
| | - Gisèle Grimber
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC, Paris, France
| | - Christophe Houbron
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Valérie Drouet
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Colnot
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Terris
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC, Paris, France
- Pathology Unit, Hôpital Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Catherine Cavard
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC, Paris, France
| | - Christine Perret
- Inserm, U1016, Institut Cochin, 75014 Paris, France
- Cnrs, UMR8104, 75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, 75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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6
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Lesage S, Drouet V, Majounie E, Deramecourt V, Jacoupy M, Nicolas A, Cormier-Dequaire F, Hassoun S, Pujol C, Ciura S, Erpapazoglou Z, Usenko T, Maurage CA, Sahbatou M, Liebau S, Ding J, Bilgic B, Emre M, Erginel-Unaltuna N, Guven G, Tison F, Tranchant C, Vidailhet M, Corvol JC, Krack P, Leutenegger AL, Nalls M, Hernandez D, Heutink P, Gibbs J, Hardy J, Wood N, Gasser T, Durr A, Deleuze JF, Tazir M, Destée A, Lohmann E, Kabashi E, Singleton A, Corti O, Brice A, Lesage S, Tison F, Vidailhet M, Corvol JC, Agid Y, Anheim M, Bonnet AM, Borg M, Broussolle E, Damier P, Destée A, Dürr A, Durif F, Krack P, Klebe S, Lohmann E, Martinez M, Pollak P, Rascol O, Tranchant C, Vérin M, Viallet F, Brice A, Lesage S, Majounie E, Tison F, Vidailhet M, Corvol J, Nalls M, Hernandez D, Gibbs J, Dürr A, Arepalli S, Barker R, Ben-Shlomo Y, Berg D, Bettella F, Bhatia K, de Bie R, Biffi A, Bloem B, Bochdanovits Z, Bonin M, Lesage S, Tison F, Vidailhet M, Corvol JC, Agid Y, Anheim M, Bonnet AM, Borg M, Broussolle E, Damier P, Destée A, Dürr A, Durif F, Krack P, Klebe S, Lohmann E, Martinez M, Pollak P, Rascol O, Tranchant C, Vérin M, Bras J, Brockmann K, Brooks J, Burn D, Charlesworth G, Chen H, Chinnery P, Chong S, Clarke C, Cookson M, Counsell C, Damier P, Dartigues JF, Deloukas P, Deuschl G, Dexter D, van Dijk K, Dillman A, Dong J, Durif F, Edkins S, Escott-Price V, Evans J, Foltynie T, Gao J, Gardner M, Goate A, Gray E, Guerreiro R, Harris C, van Hilten J, Hofman A, Hollenbeck A, Holmans P, Holton J, Hu M, Huang X, Huber H, Hudson G, Hunt S, Huttenlocher J, Illig T, Jónsson P, Kilarski L, Jansen I, Lambert JC, Langford C, Lees A, Lichtner P, Limousin P, Lopez G, Lorenz D, Lubbe S, Lungu C, Martinez M, Mätzler W, McNeill A, Moorby C, Moore M, Morrison K, Mudanohwo E, O’Sullivan S, Owen M, Pearson J, Perlmutter J, Pétursson H, Plagnol V, Pollak P, Post B, Potter S, Ravina B, Revesz T, Riess O, Rivadeneira F, Rizzu P, Ryten M, Saad M, Simón-Sánchez J, Sawcer S, Schapira A, Scheffer H, Schulte C, Sharma M, Shaw K, Sheerin UM, Shoulson I, Shulman J, Sidransky E, Spencer C, Stefánsson H, Stefánsson K, Stockton J, Strange A, Talbot K, Tanner C, Tashakkori-Ghanbaria A, Trabzuni D, Traynor B, Uitterlinden A, Velseboer D, Walker R, van de Warrenburg B, Wickremaratchi M, Williams-Gray C, Winder-Rhodes S, Wurster I, Williams N, Morris H, Heutink P, Hardy J, Wood N, Gasser T, Singleton A, Brice A. Loss of VPS13C Function in Autosomal-Recessive Parkinsonism Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Increases PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy. Am J Hum Genet 2016; 98:500-513. [PMID: 26942284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2016.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Autosomal-recessive early-onset parkinsonism is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. The genetic causes of approximately 50% of autosomal-recessive early-onset forms of Parkinson disease (PD) remain to be elucidated. Homozygozity mapping and exome sequencing in 62 isolated individuals with early-onset parkinsonism and confirmed consanguinity followed by data mining in the exomes of 1,348 PD-affected individuals identified, in three isolated subjects, homozygous or compound heterozygous truncating mutations in vacuolar protein sorting 13C (VPS13C). VPS13C mutations are associated with a distinct form of early-onset parkinsonism characterized by rapid and severe disease progression and early cognitive decline; the pathological features were striking and reminiscent of diffuse Lewy body disease. In cell models, VPS13C partly localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria. Silencing of VPS13C was associated with lower mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial fragmentation, increased respiration rates, exacerbated PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and transcriptional upregulation of PARK2 in response to mitochondrial damage. This work suggests that loss of function of VPS13C is a cause of autosomal-recessive early-onset parkinsonism with a distinctive phenotype of rapid and severe progression.
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7
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Elsayed LEO, Drouet V, Usenko T, Mohammed IN, Hamed AAA, Elseed MA, Salih MAM, Koko ME, Mohamed AYO, Siddig RA, Elbashir MI, Ibrahim ME, Durr A, Stevanin G, Lesage S, Ahmed AE, Brice A. A Novel Nonsense Mutation in DNAJC6 Expands the Phenotype of Autosomal-Recessive Juvenile-Onset Parkinson's Disease. Ann Neurol 2016; 79:335-7. [PMID: 26703368 DOI: 10.1002/ana.24591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Liena Elbaghir Omer Elsayed
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, ICM, Paris, France.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Valérie Drouet
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | - Tatiana Usenko
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | - Mustafa A M Salih
- Division of Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahmoud Eltayeb Koko
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | | | | | | | - Muntaser Eltayeb Ibrahim
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - Alexandra Durr
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Giovanni Stevanin
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.,Ecole Pratique des Hautes Etudes, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, ICM, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France
| | | | - Alexis Brice
- Inserm U1127, CNRS UMR7225, Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Université Paris 06, UMR_S1127, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière, Paris, France.,APHP, Department of Genetics, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
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Just PA, Poncy A, Charawi S, Dahmani R, Traore M, Dumontet T, Drouet V, Dumont F, Gilgenkrantz H, Colnot S, Terris B, Coulouarn C, Lemaigre F, Perret C. LKB1 and Notch Pathways Interact and Control Biliary Morphogenesis. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0145400. [PMID: 26689699 PMCID: PMC4687046 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0145400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background LKB1 is an evolutionary conserved kinase implicated in a wide range of cellular functions including inhibition of cell proliferation, regulation of cell polarity and metabolism. When Lkb1 is inactivated in the liver, glucose homeostasis is perturbed, cellular polarity is affected and cholestasis develops. Cholestasis occurs as a result from deficient bile duct development, yet how LKB1 impacts on biliary morphogenesis is unknown. Methodology/Principal Findings We characterized the phenotype of mice in which deletion of the Lkb1 gene has been specifically targeted to the hepatoblasts. Our results confirmed that lack of LKB1 in the liver results in bile duct paucity leading to cholestasis. Immunostaining analysis at a prenatal stage showed that LKB1 is not required for differentiation of hepatoblasts to cholangiocyte precursors but promotes maturation of the primitive ductal structures to mature bile ducts. This phenotype is similar to that obtained upon inactivation of Notch signaling in the liver. We tested the hypothesis of a functional overlap between the LKB1 and Notch pathways by gene expression profiling of livers deficient in Lkb1 or in the Notch mediator RbpJκ and identified a mutual cross-talk between LKB1 and Notch signaling. In vitro experiments confirmed that Notch activity was deficient upon LKB1 loss. Conclusion LKB1 and Notch share a common genetic program in the liver, and regulate bile duct morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre-Alexandre Just
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC Paris, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Pathology department, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Poncy
- de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sara Charawi
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC Paris, Paris, France
| | - Rajae Dahmani
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC Paris, Paris, France
| | - Massiré Traore
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC Paris, Paris, France
| | - Typhanie Dumontet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC Paris, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Drouet
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC Paris, Paris, France
| | - Florent Dumont
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75014 Paris, France
| | - Hélène Gilgenkrantz
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC Paris, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Colnot
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC Paris, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Terris
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC Paris, Paris, France
- APHP, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris Centre, Hôpital Cochin, Pathology department, F-75014 Paris, France
| | | | - Frédéric Lemaigre
- de Duve Institute and Université catholique de Louvain, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christine Perret
- INSERM, U1016, Institut Cochin, F-75014 Paris, France
- CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014 Paris, France
- Université Paris Descartes, F-75014 Paris, France
- Equipe labellisée LNCC Paris, Paris, France
- * E-mail:
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Lohmann E, Coquel AS, Honoré A, Gurvit H, Hanagasi H, Emre M, Leutenegger AL, Drouet V, Sahbatou M, Guven G, Erginel-Unaltuna N, Deleuze JF, Lesage S, Brice A. A new F-box protein 7 gene mutation causing typical Parkinson's disease. Mov Disord 2015; 30:1130-3. [DOI: 10.1002/mds.26266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2013] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ebba Lohmann
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology; Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases; Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research; University of Tübingen, and DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases; Tübingen Germany
| | - Anne-Sophie Coquel
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 1127, ICM, Paris, France; Inserm; U 1127, ICM, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France; ICM, Paris; F-75013 Paris France
| | - Aurélie Honoré
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 1127, ICM, Paris, France; Inserm; U 1127, ICM, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France; ICM, Paris; F-75013 Paris France
| | - Hakan Gurvit
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology; Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Hasmet Hanagasi
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology; Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Murat Emre
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology; Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Anne L. Leutenegger
- Inserm, U946, Paris, France; Université Paris Diderot; Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie; Paris France
| | - Valérie Drouet
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 1127, ICM, Paris, France; Inserm; U 1127, ICM, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France; ICM, Paris; F-75013 Paris France
| | - Mourad Sahbatou
- Fondation Jean Dausset, Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH); Paris France
| | - Gamze Guven
- Institute for Experimental Medicine; Genetics Department, Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Nihan Erginel-Unaltuna
- Institute for Experimental Medicine; Genetics Department, Istanbul University; Istanbul Turkey
| | - Jean-Francois Deleuze
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique; Institut de Génomique, Centre National de Génotypage; Evry France
| | - Suzanne Lesage
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 1127, ICM, Paris, France; Inserm; U 1127, ICM, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France; ICM, Paris; F-75013 Paris France
| | - Alexis Brice
- Sorbonne Université, UPMC Univ Paris 06, UM 1127, ICM, Paris, France; Inserm; U 1127, ICM, Paris, France; Cnrs, UMR 7225, ICM, Paris, France; ICM, Paris; F-75013 Paris France
- AP-HP, Hôpital de la Salpêtrière; Département de Génétique et Cytogénétique; F-75013 Paris France
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10
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Drouet V, Ruiz M, Zala D, Feyeux M, Auregan G, Cambon K, Troquier L, Carpentier J, Aubert S, Merienne N, Bourgois-Rocha F, Hassig R, Rey M, Dufour N, Saudou F, Perrier AL, Hantraye P, Déglon N. Allele-specific silencing of mutant huntingtin in rodent brain and human stem cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99341. [PMID: 24926995 PMCID: PMC4057216 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Huntington's disease (HD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder resulting from polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin (HTT) protein and for which there is no cure. Although suppression of both wild type and mutant HTT expression by RNA interference is a promising therapeutic strategy, a selective silencing of mutant HTT represents the safest approach preserving WT HTT expression and functions. We developed small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs) targeting single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) present in the HTT gene to selectively target the disease HTT isoform. Most of these shRNAs silenced, efficiently and selectively, mutant HTT in vitro. Lentiviral-mediated infection with the shRNAs led to selective degradation of mutant HTT mRNA and prevented the apparition of neuropathology in HD rat's striatum expressing mutant HTT containing the various SNPs. In transgenic BACHD mice, the mutant HTT allele was also silenced by this approach, further demonstrating the potential for allele-specific silencing. Finally, the allele-specific silencing of mutant HTT in human embryonic stem cells was accompanied by functional recovery of the vesicular transport of BDNF along microtubules. These findings provide evidence of the therapeutic potential of allele-specific RNA interference for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Drouet
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- URA2210, Centre National de Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Marta Ruiz
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- URA2210, Centre National de Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Diana Zala
- Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- UMR3306, Centre National de Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), Orsay, France
- U1005, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Orsay France
| | - Maxime Feyeux
- U861, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AFM, Evry, France
- UEVE U861, I-STEM, AFM, Evry, France
| | - Gwennaëlle Auregan
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- URA2210, Centre National de Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Karine Cambon
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- URA2210, Centre National de Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Laetitia Troquier
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DNC), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johann Carpentier
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- URA2210, Centre National de Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | | | - Nicolas Merienne
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DNC), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Fany Bourgois-Rocha
- U861, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AFM, Evry, France
- UEVE U861, I-STEM, AFM, Evry, France
| | - Raymonde Hassig
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- URA2210, Centre National de Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Maria Rey
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DNC), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Noëlle Dufour
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- URA2210, Centre National de Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Frédéric Saudou
- Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- UMR3306, Centre National de Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), Orsay, France
- U1005, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Orsay France
| | - Anselme L. Perrier
- U861, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AFM, Evry, France
- UEVE U861, I-STEM, AFM, Evry, France
| | - Philippe Hantraye
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- URA2210, Centre National de Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
| | - Nicole Déglon
- Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center (MIRCen), Atomic Energy Commission (CEA), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- URA2210, Centre National de Recherché Scientifique (CNRS), Fontenay-aux-Roses, France
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences (DNC), Lausanne University Hospital (CHUV), Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail:
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11
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Clelland JD, Read LL, Drouet V, Kaon A, Kelly A, Duff KE, Nadrich RH, Rajparia A, Clelland CL. Vitamin D insufficiency and schizophrenia risk: evaluation of hyperprolinemia as a mediator of association. Schizophr Res 2014; 156:15-22. [PMID: 24787057 PMCID: PMC4044915 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2014.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2014] [Accepted: 03/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
25-Hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) deficits have been associated with schizophrenia susceptibility and supplementation has been recommended for those at-risk. Although the mechanism by which a deficit confers risk is unknown, vitamin D is a potent transcriptional modulator and can regulate proline dehydrogenase (PRODH) expression. PRODH maps to chromosome 22q11, a region conferring the highest known genetic risk of schizophrenia, and encodes proline oxidase, which catalyzes proline catabolism. l-Proline is a neuromodulator at glutamatergic synapses, and peripheral hyperprolinemia has been associated with decreased IQ, cognitive impairment, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. We investigated the relationship between 25(OH)D and schizophrenia, comparing fasting plasma 25(OH)D in 64 patients and 90 matched controls. We then tested for a mediating effect of hyperprolinemia on the association between 25(OH)D and schizophrenia. 25(OH)D levels were significantly lower in patients, and 25(OH)D insufficiency associated with schizophrenia (OR 2.1, adjusted p=0.044, 95% CI: 1.02-4.46). Moreover, 25(OH)D insufficient subjects had three times greater odds of hyperprolinemia than those with optimal levels (p=0.035, 95% CI: 1.08-8.91), and formal testing established that hyperprolinemia is a significantly mediating phenotype that may explain over a third of the effect of 25(OH)D insufficiency on schizophrenia risk. This study presents a mechanism by which 25(OH)D insufficiency confers risk of schizophrenia; via proline elevation due to reduced PRODH expression, and a concomitant dysregulation of neurotransmission. Although definitive causality cannot be confirmed, these findings strongly support vitamin D supplementation in patients, particularly for those with elevated proline, who may represent a large subgroup of the schizophrenia population.
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Affiliation(s)
- James D. Clelland
- Movement Disorders and Molecular Psychiatry. The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research. 140 Old Orangeburg Road. Orangeburg. NY,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue. New York, NY
| | - Laura L. Read
- Movement Disorders and Molecular Psychiatry. The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research. 140 Old Orangeburg Road. Orangeburg. NY,Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue. New York, NY
| | - Valérie Drouet
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain. Columbia University Medical Center. 630 West 168th Street. New York
| | - Angela Kaon
- Movement Disorders and Molecular Psychiatry. The Nathan Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research. 140 Old Orangeburg Road. Orangeburg. NY
| | - Alexandra Kelly
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain. Columbia University Medical Center. 630 West 168th Street. New York
| | - Karen E. Duff
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain. Columbia University Medical Center. 630 West 168th Street. New York,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY
| | - Robert H Nadrich
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue. New York, NY,Bellevue Hospital Center, 462 First Avenue, New York, NY
| | - Amit Rajparia
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Langone Medical Center, 550 First Avenue. New York, NY,Bellevue Hospital Center, 462 First Avenue, New York, NY
| | - Catherine L. Clelland
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, and Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain. Columbia University Medical Center. 630 West 168th Street. New York
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Hennart S, van Hee P, Drouet V, Domingues M, Wildeboer W, Meesters G. Characterization and modeling of a sub-micron milling process limited by agglomeration phenomena. Chem Eng Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2011.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Chaumon M, Drouet V, Tallon-Baudry C. When the unconscious shows the way: The neural basis of contextual cueing revealed in MEG. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/6.6.838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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14
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Chaumon M, Drouet V, Schwartz D, Tallon-Baudry C. Learning of unconscious scene-target spatial associations involves the sharpening of a distributed network of visual areas. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/7.9.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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15
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Drouet V, Perrin V, Hassig R, Dufour N, Auregan G, Alves S, Bonvento G, Brouillet E, Luthi-Carter R, Hantraye P, Déglon N. Sustained effects of nonallele-specific Huntingtin silencing. Ann Neurol 2009; 65:276-85. [PMID: 19334076 DOI: 10.1002/ana.21569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 170] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the huntingtin (htt) protein. No cure is available to date to alleviate neurodegeneration. Recent studies have demonstrated that RNA interference represents a promising approach for the treatment of autosomal dominant disorders. But whether an allele-specific silencing of mutant htt or a nonallele-specific silencing should be considered has not been addressed. METHODS We developed small hairpin RNA targeting mutant or wild-type htt transcripts, or both. RESULTS We confirmed the therapeutic potential of sihtt administered with lentiviral vectors in rodent models of HD and showed that initiation of small interfering RNA treatment after the onset of HD symptoms is still efficacious and reduces the HD-like pathology. We then addressed the question of the impact of nonallele-specific silencing and demonstrated that silencing of endogenous htt to 25 to 35% in vivo is altering several pathways associated with known htt functions but is not inducing overt toxicity or increasing striatal vulnerability up to 9 months after treatment. INTERPRETATION These data indicate that the coincident silencing of the wild-type and mutant htt may be considered as a therapeutic tool for HD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valérie Drouet
- Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique, Institute of Biomedical Imaging (I2BM) and Molecular Imaging Research Center, France
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Chaumon M, Drouet V, Tallon-Baudry C. Unconscious associative memory affects visual processing before 100 ms. J Vis 2008; 8:10.1-10. [PMID: 18484816 DOI: 10.1167/8.3.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Accepted: 10/02/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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17
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Biville F, Cwerman H, Létoffé S, Rossi MS, Drouet V, Ghigo JM, Wandersman C. Haemophore-mediated signalling in Serratia marcescens: a new mode of regulation for an extra cytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factor involved in haem acquisition. Mol Microbiol 2004; 53:1267-77. [PMID: 15306027 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.04207.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Bacterial extra cytoplasmic function (ECF) sigma factors control a wide range of cell envelope activities including iron and haem uptake systems. Sigma activity is usually inhibited by membrane-bound antisigma. An extra cytoplasmic signal modulates sigma-antisigma interactions and thereby leads to the transcription of the target operon. Sigma and antisigma genes generally belong to one autoregulated operon. However, ECF sigma and antisigma genes involved in iron acquisition, also called iron starvation ECF, are non-autoregulated exceptions to this rule. We fully reconstituted the has signalling cascade of Serratia marcescens in Escherichia coli. Binding of the haem-loaded haemophore to the outer membrane receptor, HasR, inactivates the antisigma HasS, turning on HasI and thereby allowing has operon transcription. Deletion of the HasR N-terminal extension, present in all characterized outer membrane receptors endowed with signal transduction capacity, abolished the inducing activity but not the transport activity. Induction required the TonB-ExbB-ExbD complex. HasI, like the other iron starvation sigma, is iron repressed but not autoregulated. We found an entirely new regulation for the antisigma hasS gene, the transcription of which is HasI dependent. We suggest that the has system is both activated and repressed by the availability of external haem. When there is enough haem, the HasS antisigma activity is turned off and HasI induces the transcription of hasS. This leads to the storage of inactive HasS molecules which become active when HasR is not occupied by holo-haemophore ligand molecules: as soon as there is a haem shortage transcription is turned off. Positive autoregulation of ECF sigma and antisigma genes is usually considered as a mechanism for amplifying a perceived signal. However, our findings suggest, on the contrary, that antisigma regulation allows fine-tuning to the external signal. The biological significance of ECF sigma and antisigma autoregulation may need to be reconsidered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Biville
- Unité des Membranes Bactériennes Institut Pasteur, (CNRS URA 2172), 25 rue du Dr Roux, Paris CEDEX 15, France
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Aidoudi S, Guigon M, Drouet V, Caen JP, Han ZC. The tetrapeptide AcSDKP reduces the sensitivity of murine CFU-MK and CFU-GM progenitors to aracytine in vitro and in vivo. Int J Hematol 1998; 68:145-55. [PMID: 9803673 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-5710(98)00048-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The tetrapeptide Acetyl-Ser-Asp-Lys-Pro (AcSDKP) has been described as an inhibitor of CFU-S entry into DNA synthesis; as a result, its administration can protect mice against lethal doses of cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C). In the present study, we tested the protective effect of AcSDKP on CFU-MK and CFU-GM progenitor cells in mice treated at lower doses of Ara-C more relevant to human clinical situations. Firstly, we report for the first time that in vitro pre-incubation of murine BM MNC with AcSDKP at concentrations of 10(-10) and 10(-9) M for 48 h decreased CFU-MK, in parallel to CFU-GM, progenitor growth. This resulted in an increase of recovery of these progenitors after exposure to Ara-C. Secondly, we tested the effect of AcSDKP on progenitor cells in vivo in different conditions in Ara-C treated mice. We show that the administration of AcSDKP before starting Ara-C treatment resulted in a significant increase in progenitor CFU-GM, CFU-MK and mature MK numbers, 6 and 8 days after the first Ara-C injection. Interestingly, no difference was observed whether AcSDKP was started 24 or 48 h before Ara-C. In a protocol in which AcSDKP was administered for 8 days starting 48 h before Ara-C treatment, the dose did not appear to be critical at least within the range tested (4 vs. 40 micrograms/injection). In addition, the administration of AcSDKP at 64 micrograms/kg per injection for 5 days and stopping it 3 days before the end of Ara-C treatment, i.e. five instead of eight applications, further increased its protective effect. Thus our results demonstrate protective effect of AcSDKP for progenitors during a fractionated protocol of Ara-C treatment and indicates an importance of the dose and the schedule of administration of AcSDKP in designing future clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aidoudi
- Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Hôpital Lariboisière, Paris, France
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André P, Hamaud P, Bal dit Sollier C, Drouet V, Garfinkel LI, Uzan A, Caen JP, Drouet LO. Guinea pig blood: a model for the pharmacologic modulation of the GPIb/IX-vWF axis. Thromb Res 1996; 83:127-36. [PMID: 8837311 DOI: 10.1016/0049-3848(96)00113-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Antithrombotic activity of two recombinant GPIb-binding fragments of vWF, RG12986 (residues 445-733), and VCL (residues 504-728), were assessed in an ex vivo capillary perfusion chamber exposing human type III collagen to native nonanticoagulated guinea pig blood. Platelet adhesion and thrombus formation were evaluated by computer assisted morphometry for two shear rates (650 and 1800 s-1) and for two perfusion times (1.5 and 4 min). At 1800 s-1 and 4 min of perfusion, platelet adhesion decreased from 63 +/- 7% for control, to 46 +/- 4% for 20 mg/kg RG12986, and to 29 +/- 5% for 4 mg/kg VCL, and the mean thrombus height dropped from 40 +/- 8 microns to 24 +/- 3 microns and 7.5 +/- 1 microns, respectively. The two doses did not change bleeding time values. Our results suggest that guinea pig blood and the circular perfusion chamber represent a good model for the evaluation of limited amount of GPIb/IX-vWF axis inhibitors.
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André P, Arbeille B, Drouet V, Hainaud P, Bal dit Sollier C, Caen JP, Drouet LO. Optimal antagonism of GPIIb/IIIa favors platelet adhesion by inhibiting thrombus growth. An ex vivo capillary perfusion chamber study in the guinea pig. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 1996; 16:56-63. [PMID: 8548427 DOI: 10.1161/01.atv.16.1.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
To evaluate the involvement of the glycoprotein (GP) IIb/IIIa-dependent process in platelet deposition and thrombus growth on capillaries coated with human type III collagen, the effects of incremental doses of Lamifiban, a potent specific synthetic GPIIb/IIIa antagonist, were studied in ex vivo capillary perfusion chambers using guinea pig blood. In this model, nonanticoagulated blood was perfused for 4.5 minutes at three shear rates: 100, 650, and 1600 s-1. Platelet deposition was quantified by computer-assisted morphometry and expressed as platelet adhesion (percentage of capillary surface covered with spread and contact platelets and platelets implicated in thrombus), mean thrombus height, and total thrombus cross-sectional area. In control untreated guinea pigs, platelet adhesion and thrombus height were 63% and 2.5 microns at 100 s-1, 60.5% and 13.8 microns at 650 s-1, and 45% and 28.1 microns at 1600 s-1, respectively. At 100 s-1, Lamifiban had no effect on platelet deposition at any of the three doses administered to the guinea pigs (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg). At 0.3 mg/kg and shear rates of 650 and 1600 s-1, Lamifiban had no effect on platelet adhesion or thrombus size, but at 1 and 3 mg/kg and shear rates of 650 and 1600 s-1, it significantly reduced thrombus size. At 1600 s-1, 1 mg/kg Lamifiban significantly increased platelet adhesion from 45% to 62.5%, whereas at 3 mg/kg it induced a significant overall decrease from 45% to 25% and qualitatively increased the ratio of contact to spread platelets. These data suggest that at high shear rates, GPIIb/IIIa participates in platelet spreading and that there is a balance between platelet involvement in adhesion to the thrombogenic surface and the growth of the already formed thrombus. This indicates that important clinical implications of an optimal therapeutic degree of GPIIb/IIIa antagonism could be expected.
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Affiliation(s)
- P André
- Institut des Vaisseaux et du Sang, Paris, France
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