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Straube A, Müller H, Stiegelbauer V, Frauwallner A. [Migraine prophylaxis with a probiotic. Results of an uncontrolled observational study with 1,020 patients]. MMW Fortschr Med 2018; 160:16-21. [PMID: 30367437 DOI: 10.1007/s15006-018-1052-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with migraine often also suffer from gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease or celiac disease. All these diseases share increased intestinal permeability ("leaky gut") and thus increased inflammatory activity. There is an increase in proinflammatoric cytokines in the serum, which in turn can trigger migraine attacks. Probiotics can have a positive effect on the intestinal epithelium and reduce inflammatory activity. A first uncontrolled, small study of 39 migraineurs showed a decrease in the rate of attacks under the daily intake of a probiotic. METHOD In an uncontrolled observational study, the influence of a specially formulated multispecies probiotic on the frequency of migraine attacks and the intensity of migraine-associated complaints was recorded. The self-assessment of 1,020 patients was evaluated. RESULTS Over the treatment period of 8 weeks, the number of headache days was reduced from 2 to 1.4 days per week. The headache intensity decreased from 5.1 to 2.1 points (0 = not present to 6 = very intensive). The migraine-associated complaints were reduced and the use of painkillers halved. All results were statistically significant (p ≤ 0.001). CONCLUSION It can be suggested that this multispecies probiotic formulation has a positive influence on intensity and frequency of migraine attacks. However, randomized, placebo-controlled trials are required for further confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Straube
- Klinik für Neurologie, Oberbayerisches Kopfschmerzzentrum, Klinikum Großhadern, LMU München, München, Deutschland.
- Neurologische Klinik und Poliklinik, Ludwigs-Maximilians-Universität München, Klinikum Großhadern, Marchioninistraße 15, D-81377, München, Deutschland.
| | - Hilke Müller
- Institut AllergoSan, Forschungs- und Vertriebs GmbH, Graz, Österreich
| | | | - Anita Frauwallner
- Institut AllergoSan, Forschungs- und Vertriebs GmbH, Graz, Österreich
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2
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Terbuch A, Adiprasito JB, Stiegelbauer V, Seles M, Klec C, Pichler GP, Resel M, Posch F, Lembeck AL, Stöger H, Szkandera J, Pummer K, Bauernhofer T, Hutterer GC, Gerger A, Stotz M, Pichler M. MiR-371a-3p Serum Levels Are Increased in Recurrence of Testicular Germ Cell Tumor Patients. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19103130. [PMID: 30321995 PMCID: PMC6213366 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Metastatic testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) are a potentially curable disease by administration of risk-adapted cytotoxic chemotherapy. Nevertheless, a disease-relapse after curative chemotherapy needs more intensive salvage chemotherapy and significantly worsens the prognosis of TGCT patients. Circulating tumor markers (β-subunit of human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG), alpha-Fetoprotein (AFP), and Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH)) are frequently used for monitoring disease recurrence in TGCT patients, though they lack diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Increasing evidence suggests that serum levels of stem cell-associated microRNAs (miR-371a-3p and miR-302/367 cluster) are outperforming the traditional tumor markers in terms of sensitivity to detect newly diagnosed TGCT patients. The aim of this study was to investigate whether these miRNAs are also informative in detection of disease recurrence in TGCT patients after curative first line therapy. For this purpose, we measured the serum levels of miR-371a-3p and miR-367 in 52 samples of ten TGCT patients at different time points during disease relapse and during salvage chemotherapy. In our study, miR-371a-3p levels in serum samples with proven disease recurrence were 13.65 fold higher than levels from the same patients without evidence of disease (p = 0.014). In contrast, miR-367 levels were not different in these patient groups (p = 0.985). In conclusion, miR-371a-3p is a sensitive and potentially novel biomarker for detecting disease relapse in TGCT patients. This promising biomarker should be investigated in further large prospective trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelika Terbuch
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Drug Development Unit, Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, Surrey SM2 5PT, UK.
| | - Jan B Adiprasito
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Seles
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christiane Klec
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Georg P Pichler
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Margit Resel
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Florian Posch
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Anna L Lembeck
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Herbert Stöger
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Joanna Szkandera
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Karl Pummer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Thomas Bauernhofer
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Georg C Hutterer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine (CBmed), 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Stotz
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Clinical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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3
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Kammerer S, Sokolowski A, Hackl H, Platzer D, Jahn SW, El-Heliebi A, Schwarzenbacher D, Stiegelbauer V, Pichler M, Rezania S, Fiegl H, Peintinger F, Regitnig P, Hoefler G, Schreibmayer W, Bauernhofer T. KCNJ3 is a new independent prognostic marker for estrogen receptor positive breast cancer patients. Oncotarget 2018; 7:84705-84717. [PMID: 27835900 PMCID: PMC5356693 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies showed abnormal expression of ion channels in different cancer types. Amongst these, the potassium channel gene KCNJ3 (encoding for GIRK1 proteins) has been reported to be upregulated in tumors of patients with breast cancer and to correlate with positive lymph node status. We aimed to study KCNJ3 levels in different breast cancer subtypes using gene expression data from the TCGA, to validate our findings using RNA in situ hybridization in a validation cohort (GEO ID GSE17705), and to study the prognostic value of KCNJ3 using survival analysis. In a total of > 1000 breast cancer patients of two independent data sets we showed a) that KCNJ3 expression is upregulated in tumor tissue compared to corresponding normal tissue (p < 0.001), b) that KCNJ3 expression is associated with estrogen receptor (ER) positive tumors (p < 0.001), but that KCNJ3 expression is variable within this group, and c) that ER positive patients with high KCNJ3 levels have worse overall (p < 0.05) and disease free survival probabilities (p < 0.01), whereby KCNJ3 is an independent prognostic factor (p <0.05). In conclusion, our data suggest that patients with ER positive breast cancer might be stratified into high risk and low risk groups based on the KCNJ3 levels in the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Kammerer
- Molecular Physiology Group, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Research Unit on Ion Channels and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Sokolowski
- Molecular Physiology Group, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Present address: Division of Prosthodontics, Restorative Dentistry, Periodontology and Implantology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Hubert Hackl
- Division of Bioinformatics, Biocenter, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Dieter Platzer
- Molecular Physiology Group, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Amin El-Heliebi
- Institute of Cell Biology, Histology and Embryology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simin Rezania
- Molecular Physiology Group, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Research Unit on Ion Channels and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Heidelinde Fiegl
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Peter Regitnig
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Schreibmayer
- Molecular Physiology Group, Institute of Biophysics, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Research Unit on Ion Channels and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Bauernhofer
- Research Unit on Ion Channels and Cancer Biology, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
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4
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Schanza LM, Seles M, Stotz M, Fosselteder J, Hutterer GC, Pichler M, Stiegelbauer V. MicroRNAs Associated with Von Hippel-Lindau Pathway in Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Comprehensive Review. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112495. [PMID: 29165391 PMCID: PMC5713461 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) are the most common renal neoplasia and can be divided into three main histologic subtypes, among which clear cell RCC is by far the most common form of kidney cancer. Despite substantial advances over the last decade in the understanding of RCC biology, surgical treatments, and targeted and immuno-therapies in the metastatic setting, the prognosis for advanced RCC patients remains poor. One of the major problems with RCC treatment strategies is inherent or acquired resistance towards therapeutic agents over time. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that play a crucial role in post-transcriptional regulation, has added new dimensions to the development of novel diagnostic and treatment tools. Because of an association between Von Hippel–Lindau (VHL) genes with chromosomal loss in 3p25-26 and clear cell RCC, miRNAs have attracted considerable scientific interest over the last years. The loss of VHL function leads to constitutional activation of the hypoxia inducible factor (HIF) pathway and to consequent expression of numerous angiogenic and carcinogenic factors. Since miRNAs represent key players of carcinogenesis, tumor cell invasion, angiogenesis, as well as in development of metastases in RCC, they might serve as potential therapeutic targets. Several miRNAs are already known to be dysregulated in RCC and have been linked to biological processes involved in tumor angiogenesis and response to anti-cancer therapies. This review summarizes the role of different miRNAs in RCC angiogenesis and their association with the VHL gene, highlighting their potential role as novel drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa-Maria Schanza
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Maximilian Seles
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Stotz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Johannes Fosselteder
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Georg C Hutterer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8036 Graz, Austria.
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5
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Richtig G, Aigelsreiter A, Schwarzenbacher D, Ress AL, Adiprasito JB, Stiegelbauer V, Hoefler G, Schauer S, Kiesslich T, Kornprat P, Winder T, Eisner F, Gerger A, Stoeger H, Stauber R, Lackner C, Pichler M. SOX9 is a proliferation and stem cell factor in hepatocellular carcinoma and possess widespread prognostic significance in different cancer types. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0187814. [PMID: 29121666 PMCID: PMC5679634 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
SOX9 has been previously shown to be involved in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other types of cancer. However, prognostic studies so far involved rather small cohorts or lack external validation and experimental data. In this study, we firstly determined the histological expression pattern of SOX9 in human HCC by immunohistochemistry (n = 84) and evaluated its prognostic value. External cohorts of publicly available datasets were used to validate its prognostic relevance in HCC (n = 359) and other types of cancer including breast (n = 3951), ovarian (n = 1306), lung (n = 1926) and gastric cancer (n = 876). Functional SOX9 knock-down studies using siRNA and cancer stem cell models were generated in a panel of liver and breast cancer cell lines. High level of SOX9 was associated with poor survival even after adjustment for other prognostic factors in multivariate analysis (HR = 2.103, 95%CI = 1.064 to 4.156, p = 0.021). SOX9 prevailed a poor prognostic factor in all cancer validation cohorts (p<0.05). Reduced SOX9 expression by siRNA decreased the growth of liver cancer cells (p<0.05). SOX9 expression was associated with stem cell features in all tested cell lines (p<0.05). In conclusion, this study demonstrated in a large number of patients from multiple cohorts that high levels of SOX9 are a consistent negative prognostic factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georg Richtig
- Institute of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Daniela Schwarzenbacher
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Lena Ress
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Jan Basri Adiprasito
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Silvia Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT), Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Peter Kornprat
- Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral Surgery, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas Winder
- Department of Oncology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Florian Eisner
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Stoeger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Rudolf Stauber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Lackner
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Stiegelbauer V, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Karbiener M, Pehserl AM, Reicher A, Resel M, Heitzer E, Ivan C, Bullock M, Ling H, Deutsch A, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Adiprasito JB, Stoeger H, Haybaeck J, Svoboda M, Stotz M, Hoefler G, Slaby O, Calin GA, Gerger A, Pichler M. miR-196b-5p Regulates Colorectal Cancer Cell Migration and Metastases through Interaction with HOXB7 and GALNT5. Clin Cancer Res 2017; 23:5255-5266. [PMID: 28533224 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-17-0023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: miR-196b-5p has been previously implicated in malignant transformation; however, its role in colorectal cancer has not been fully explored. In this study, we examine the clinical and biological relevance of miR-196b-5p, and the molecular pathways regulated by miR-196b-5p in colorectal cancer.Experimental Design: miR-196b-5p expression was quantitated by qRT-PCR in 2 independent cohorts composed of 292 patients with colorectal cancer in total, to explore its biomarker potential. Transient and stable gain- and loss-of-function experiments were conducted in a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines and mice, to evaluate the impact of miR-196b-5p on proliferation, chemosensitivity, migration/invasion, and metastases formation in vitro and in vivo The molecular pathways influenced by miR-196b-5p were characterized using whole transcriptome profiling, in silico target prediction tools, luciferase interaction assays, and phenocopy/rescue gene knockdown experiments.Results: Low miR-196b-5p expression was significantly associated with metastases and poor outcomes in 2 independent colorectal cancer patient cohorts (P < 0.05, log-rank test). miR-196b-5p inhibition led to significantly increased colorectal cancer cell migration/invasion and metastases formation in mice, whereas ectopic overexpression showed the opposite phenotype. Molecular profiling and target confirmation identified an interaction between miR-196b-5p and HOXB7 and GALNT5, which in turn regulated colorectal cancer cell migration.Conclusions: The association of low levels of miR-196b-5p and poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer can be explained by its influence on cancer cell migration and metastases formation. miR-196b-5p has an impact on colorectal cancer progression pathways through direct interaction with genes involved in cancer cell migration. Clin Cancer Res; 23(17); 5255-66. ©2017 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Molecular Oncology II - Solid Cancers, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Anna-Maria Pehserl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Andreas Reicher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Margit Resel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ellen Heitzer
- Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Marc Bullock
- Academic Surgery, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Jan Basri Adiprasito
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Stoeger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Pathology, Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Leipziger Str. 44, D-39120, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Stotz
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Molecular Oncology II - Solid Cancers, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Czech Republic
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit for Non-Coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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7
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Deutsch AJ, Rinner B, Pichler M, Prochazka K, Pansy K, Bischof M, Fechter K, Hatzl S, Feichtinger J, Wenzl K, Frisch MT, Stiegelbauer V, Prokesch A, Krogsdam A, Sill H, Thallinger GG, Greinix HT, Wang C, Beham-Schmid C, Neumeister P. NR4A3 Suppresses Lymphomagenesis through Induction of Proapoptotic Genes. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2375-2386. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-16-2320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Pehserl AM, Ress AL, Stanzer S, Resel M, Karbiener M, Stadelmeyer E, Stiegelbauer V, Gerger A, Mayr C, Scheideler M, Hutterer GC, Bauernhofer T, Kiesslich T, Pichler M. Comprehensive Analysis of miRNome Alterations in Response to Sorafenib Treatment in Colorectal Cancer Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122011. [PMID: 27916938 PMCID: PMC5187811 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2016] [Revised: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are master regulators of drug resistance and have been previously proposed as potential biomarkers for the prediction of therapeutic response in colorectal cancer (CRC). Sorafenib, a multi-kinase inhibitor which has been approved for the treatment of liver, renal and thyroid cancer, is currently being studied as a monotherapy in selected molecular subtypes or in combination with other drugs in metastatic CRC. In this study, we explored sorafenib-induced cellular effects in Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog olog (KRAS) wild-type and KRAS-mutated CRC cell lines (Caco-2 and HRT-18), and finally profiled expression changes of specific miRNAs within the miRNome (>1000 human miRNAs) after exposure to sorafenib. Overall, sorafenib induced a time- and dose-dependent growth-inhibitory effect through S-phase cell cycle arrest in KRAS wild-type and KRAS-mutated CRC cells. In HRT-18 cells, two human miRNAs (hsa-miR-597 and hsa-miR-720) and two small RNAs (SNORD 13 and hsa-miR-3182) were identified as specifically sorafenib-induced. In Caco-2 cells, nine human miRNAs (hsa-miR-3142, hsa-miR-20a, hsa-miR-4301, hsa-miR-1290, hsa-miR-4286, hsa-miR-3182, hsa-miR-3142, hsa-miR-1246 and hsa-miR-720) were identified to be differentially regulated post sorafenib treatment. In conclusion, we confirmed sorafenib as a potential anti-neoplastic treatment strategy for CRC cells by demonstrating a growth-inhibitory and cell cycle–arresting effect of this drug. Changes in the miRNome indicate that some specific miRNAs might be relevant as indicators for sorafenib response, drug resistance and potential targets for combinatorial miRNA-based drug strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Maria Pehserl
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Anna Lena Ress
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Stefanie Stanzer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Margit Resel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Michael Karbiener
- Department of Phoniatrics, ENT University Hospital, Medical University, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Elke Stadelmeyer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Christian Mayr
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT), Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Marcel Scheideler
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer (IDC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
- Joint Heidelberg-IDC Translational Diabetes Program, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
- Molecular Metabolic Control, Medical Faculty, Technical University Munich, 85764 Munich, Germany.
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Georg C Hutterer
- Department of Urology, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Thomas Bauernhofer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Laboratory for Tumour Biology and Experimental Therapies (TREAT), Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Salzburger Landeskliniken, Paracelsus Medical University, 5020 Salzburg, Austria.
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Research Unit of Non-Coding RNA and Genome Editing in Cancer, Medical University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria.
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77054, USA.
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9
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Ohtsuka M, Ling H, Ivan C, Pichler M, Matsushita D, Goblirsch M, Stiegelbauer V, Shigeyasu K, Zhang X, Chen M, Vidhu F, Bartholomeusz GA, Toiyama Y, Kusunoki M, Doki Y, Mori M, Song S, Gunther JR, Krishnan S, Slaby O, Goel A, Ajani JA, Radovich M, Calin GA. H19 Noncoding RNA, an Independent Prognostic Factor, Regulates Essential Rb-E2F and CDK8-β-Catenin Signaling in Colorectal Cancer. EBioMedicine 2016; 13:113-124. [PMID: 27789274 PMCID: PMC5264449 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 10/16/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
High H19 expression in primary tumors is an independent predictor of short overall survival in CRC patients. RB1-E2F and CDK8-β-catenin signaling are essential in mediating the oncogenic activity of H19 in CRC. Combined analysis of H19 and its targets further improved the prediction power on overall survival of CRC patients.
Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are transcripts at least 200 nucleotides long that do not code for proteins. The clinical relevance of lncRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown. Here we identified that H19 expression in primary tumors is an independent prognostic predictor of poor prognosis of CRC patients and further proved its oncogenic role. To characterize the mechanisms, we profiled gene expression changes following H19 modulation in CRC cell lines and analyzed gene expression association in clinical datasets. Our data revealed important cancer-signaling pathways, including the RB1-E2F and the CDK8-β-catenin signaling, underlying H19 function. The clinical significance of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains largely unexplored. Here, we analyzed a large panel of lncRNA candidates with The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) CRC dataset, and identified H19 as the most significant lncRNA associated with CRC patient survival. We further validated such association in two independent CRC cohorts. H19 silencing blocked G1-S transition, reduced cell proliferation, and inhibited cell migration. We profiled gene expression changes to gain mechanism insight of H19 function. Transcriptome data analysis revealed not only previously identified mechanisms such as Let-7 regulation by H19, but also RB1-E2F1 function and β-catenin activity as essential upstream regulators mediating H19 function. Our experimental data showed that H19 affects phosphorylation of RB1 protein by regulating gene expression of CDK4 and CCND1. We further demonstrated that reduced CDK8 expression underlies changes of β-catenin activity, and identified that H19 interacts with macroH2A, an essential regulator of CDK8 gene transcription. However, the relevance of H19-macroH2A interaction in CDK8 regulation remains to be experimentally determined. We further explored the clinical relevance of above mechanisms in clinical samples, and showed that combined analysis of H19 with its targets improved prognostic value of H19 in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Research Unit for non-coding RNA and genome editing, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Daisuke Matsushita
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Matthew Goblirsch
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Research Unit for non-coding RNA and genome editing, Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Kunitoshi Shigeyasu
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Fnu Vidhu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Geoffrey A Bartholomeusz
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Yuji Toiyama
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Masato Kusunoki
- Department of Gastrointestinal and Pediatric Surgery, Division of Reparative Medicine, Institute of Life Sciences, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Doki
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaki Mori
- Department of Gastroenterological Surgery, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shumei Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jillian R Gunther
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sunil Krishnan
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Division of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Central European Institute of Technology, Molecular Oncology II, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Jaffer A Ajani
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Milan Radovich
- Department of Surgery, Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - George A Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA; Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA.
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10
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Pichler M, Stiegelbauer V, Vychytilova-Faltejskova P, Ivan C, Ling H, Winter E, Zhang X, Goblirsch M, Wulf-Goldenberg A, Ohtsuka M, Haybaeck J, Svoboda M, Okugawa Y, Gerger A, Hoefler G, Goel A, Slaby O, Calin GA. Genome-Wide miRNA Analysis Identifies miR-188-3p as a Novel Prognostic Marker and Molecular Factor Involved in Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Clin Cancer Res 2016; 23:1323-1333. [PMID: 27601590 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: Characterization of colorectal cancer transcriptome by high-throughput techniques has enabled the discovery of several differentially expressed genes involving previously unreported miRNA abnormalities. Here, we followed a systematic approach on a global scale to identify miRNAs as clinical outcome predictors and further validated them in the clinical and experimental setting.Experimental Design: Genome-wide miRNA sequencing data of 228 colorectal cancer patients from The Cancer Genome Atlas dataset were analyzed as a screening cohort to identify miRNAs significantly associated with survival according to stringent prespecified criteria. A panel of six miRNAs was further validated for their prognostic utility in a large independent validation cohort (n = 332). In situ hybridization and functional experiments in a panel of colorectal cancer cell lines and xenografts further clarified the role of clinical relevant miRNAs.Results: Six miRNAs (miR-92b-3p, miR-188-3p, miR-221-5p, miR-331-3p, miR-425-3p, and miR-497-5p) were identified as strong predictors of survival in the screening cohort. High miR-188-3p expression proves to be an independent prognostic factor [screening cohort: HR = 4.137; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.568-10.917; P = 0.004; validation cohort: HR = 1.538; 95% CI, 1.107-2.137; P = 0.010, respectively]. Forced miR-188-3p expression increased migratory behavior of colorectal cancer cells in vitro and metastases formation in vivo (P < 0.05). The promigratory role of miR-188-3p is mediated by direct interaction with MLLT4, a novel identified player involved in colorectal cancer cell migration.Conclusions: miR-188-3p is a novel independent prognostic factor in colorectal cancer patients, which can be partly explained by its effect on MLLT4 expression and migration of cancer cells. Clin Cancer Res; 23(5); 1323-33. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria.,Research Unit for Non-coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria.,Research Unit for Non-coding RNAs and Genome Editing, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Petra Vychytilova-Faltejskova
- Molecular Oncology II - Solid Cancers, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas.,The Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Elke Winter
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Xinna Zhang
- The Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Matthew Goblirsch
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | | | - Masahisa Ohtsuka
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Johannes Haybaeck
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Marek Svoboda
- Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Yoshinaga Okugawa
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research and Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Ajay Goel
- Center for Gastrointestinal Research and Center for Epigenetics, Cancer Prevention and Cancer Genomics, Baylor Research Institute and Charles A. Sammons Cancer Center, Baylor University Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Ondrej Slaby
- Molecular Oncology II - Solid Cancers, Molecular Medicine, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Comprehensive Cancer Care, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas. .,The Center for RNA Interference and Non-coding RNAs, The University of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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11
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Pichler M, Cerk S, Stiegelbauer V, Schwarzenbacher D, Ling H. Abstract 988: A novel long non-coding RNA, TSA-LINC2, regulates cellular growth and is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2016-988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Long non-coding RNAs (LINCs) are an emerging class of molecules in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. The number of LINCs exceeds the number of protein-coding genes and their role in breast cancer is largely unknown.
Methods: In this study we used non-adherent growing tumor spheres (“mammospheres”) as a model system to identify tumor-sphere associated (TSA) gene expression patterns. We used microarrays to profile different breast cancer cell lines and selected the most up/down-regulated differentially expressed genes by RT-PCR. Clinical correlations including survival analysis of almost 900 breast cancer patients in two independent cohorts and experimental evaluation of the biological function were done.
Results: Among several TSA-genes, one novel not previously reported LINC, (that we termed TSA-LINC2) was significantly up-regulated in mammospheres (up to 50 fold, p<0.05). In patient samples, TSA-LINC2 was significantly up-regulated in cancer tissue compared to normal breast tissue, and high expression was associated with poor survival in different molecular breast cancer subtypes (p<0.05). Knock-down experiments of TSA-LINC2 in a panel of breast cancer cell lines led to significantly altered cellular growth, anchorage-independent growth and mammosphere formation in triple negative (p<0.05). Molecular profiling with gene expression arrays shows that TSA-LINC2 regulates cell cycle-associated genes.
Conclusion: This novel long non-coding RNAis involved in breast cancer progression and might be useful as a prognostic marker in breast cancer patients.
Citation Format: Martin Pichler, Stefanie Cerk, Verena Stiegelbauer, Daniela Schwarzenbacher, Hui Ling. A novel long non-coding RNA, TSA-LINC2, regulates cellular growth and is associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 988.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hui Ling
- 2The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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12
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Ling H, Pickard K, Ivan C, Isella C, Ikuo M, Mitter R, Spizzo R, Bullock M, Braicu C, Pileczki V, Vincent K, Pichler M, Stiegelbauer V, Hoefler G, Almeida MI, Hsiao A, Zhang X, Primrose J, Packham G, Liu K, Bojja K, Gafà R, Xiao L, Rossi S, Song JH, Vannini I, Fanini F, Kopetz S, Zweidler-McKay P, Wang X, Ionescu C, Irimie A, Fabbri M, Lanza G, Hamilton SR, Berindan-Neagoe I, Medico E, Mirnezami A, Calin GA, Nicoloso MS. The clinical and biological significance of MIR-224 expression in colorectal cancer metastasis. Gut 2016; 65:977-989. [PMID: 25804630 PMCID: PMC4581915 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2015-309372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE MicroRNA (miRNA) expression profile can be used as prognostic marker for human cancers. We aim to explore the significance of miRNAs in colorectal cancer (CRC) metastasis. DESIGN We performed miRNA microarrays using primary CRC tissues from patients with and without metastasis, and validated selected candidates in 85 CRC samples by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). We tested metastatic activity of selected miRNAs and identified miRNA targets by prediction algorithms, qRT-PCR, western blot and luciferase assays. Clinical outcomes were analysed in six sets of CRC cases (n=449), including The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) consortium and correlated with miR-224 status. We used the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test to assess the difference in survival between patients with low or high levels of miR-224 expression. RESULTS MiR-224 expression increases consistently with tumour burden and microsatellite stable status, and miR-224 enhances CRC metastasis in vitro and in vivo. We identified SMAD4 as a miR-224 target and observed negative correlation (Spearman Rs=-0.44, p<0.0001) between SMAD4 and miR-224 expression in clinical samples. Patients with high miR-224 levels display shorter overall survival in multiple CRC cohorts (p=0.0259, 0.0137, 0.0207, 0.0181, 0.0331 and 0.0037, respectively), and shorter metastasis-free survival (HR 6.51, 95% CI 1.97 to 21.51, p=0.0008). In the TCGA set, combined analysis of miR-224 with SMAD4 expression enhanced correlation with survival (HR 4.12, 95% CI 1.1 to 15.41, p=0.0175). CONCLUSIONS MiR-224 promotes CRC metastasis, at least in part, through the regulation of SMAD4. MiR-224 expression in primary CRC, alone or combined with its targets, may have prognostic value for survival of patients with CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karen Pickard
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Claudio Isella
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Torino, Italy,IRCC, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Mariko Ikuo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Laboratory of Microbiology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Richard Mitter
- Bioinformatics Unit, London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, London, UK
| | - Riccardo Spizzo
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Division of Experimental Oncology B, CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
| | - Marc Bullock
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Cornelia Braicu
- Department of Functional Genomics, The Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Valentina Pileczki
- Department of Functional Genomics, The Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Kimberly Vincent
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Division of Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Maria I. Almeida
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,INEB, Instituto de Engenharia Biomedica, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Annie Hsiao
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xinna Zhang
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - John Primrose
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK,Department of Surgery, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Graham Packham
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Kevin Liu
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Krishna Bojja
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Roberta Gafà
- Section of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lianchun Xiao
- Division of Quantitative Science, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Simona Rossi
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jian H. Song
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ivan Vannini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Francesca Fanini
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC), Italy
| | - Scott Kopetz
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Patrick Zweidler-McKay
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xuemei Wang
- Division of Quantitative Science, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Calin Ionescu
- Surgical Clinic 1, Cluj County Hospital, Romania,UMF Surgery Department 1, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alexandru Irimie
- Department of Surgical and Gynecology Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Muller Fabbri
- Istituto Scientifico Romagnolo per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori (IRST) s.r.l., IRCCS, Gene Therapy Unit, Meldola (FC), Italy,Departments of Pediatrics, and Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, The Saban Research Institute, Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Diseases, Children’s Hospital Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Giovanni Lanza
- Section of Pathology and Molecular Diagnostics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Stanley R. Hamilton
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ioana Berindan-Neagoe
- Department of Functional Genomics, The Oncology Institute, Cluj-Napoca, Romania,Research Center for Functional Genomics, Biomedicine and Translational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Enzo Medico
- University of Torino, Department of Oncology, Torino, Italy,IRCC, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Alex Mirnezami
- Cancer Research UK Centre, University of Southampton Cancer Sciences Division, Somers Cancer Research Building, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK,Department of Surgery, Southampton University Hospital NHS Trust, Tremona road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - George A. Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Milena S. Nicoloso
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA,Division of Experimental Oncology B, CRO, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
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Schwarzenbacher D, Stiegelbauer V, Deutsch A, Ress AL, Aigelsreiter A, Schauer S, Wagner K, Langsenlehner T, Resel M, Gerger A, Ling H, Ivan C, Calin GA, Hoefler G, Rinner B, Pichler M. Low spinophilin expression enhances aggressive biological behavior of breast cancer. Oncotarget 2016; 6:11191-202. [PMID: 25857299 PMCID: PMC4484449 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinophilin, a putative tumor suppressor gene, has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of certain types of cancer, but its role has never been systematically explored in breast cancer. In this study, we determined for the first time the expression pattern of spinophilin in human breast cancer molecular subtypes (n = 489) and correlated it with survival (n = 921). We stably reduced spinophilin expression in breast cancer cells and measured effects on cellular growth, apoptosis, anchorage-independent growth, migration, invasion and self-renewal capacity in vitro and metastases formation in vivo. Microarray profiling was used to determine the most abundantly expressed genes in spinophilin-silenced breast cancer cells. Spinophilin expression was significantly lower in basal-like breast cancer (p<0.001) and an independent poor prognostic factor in breast cancer patients (hazard ratio = 1.93, 95% confidence interval: 1.24-3.03; p = 0.004) A reduction of spinophilin levels increased cellular growth in breast cancer cells (p<0.05), without influencing activation of apoptosis. Anchorage-independent growth, migration and self-renewal capacity in vitro and metastatic potential in vivo were also significantly increased in spinophilin-silenced cells (p<0.05). Finally, we identified several differentially expressed genes in spinophilin-silenced cells. According to our data, low levels of spinophilin are associated with aggressive behavior of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Anna Lena Ress
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | | | - Silvia Schauer
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Wagner
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Tanja Langsenlehner
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Margit Resel
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA.,Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Beate Rinner
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria.,Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
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Ress AL, Stiegelbauer V, Schwarzenbacher D, Deutsch A, Perakis S, Ling H, Ivan C, Calin GA, Rinner B, Gerger A, Pichler M. Spinophilin expression determines cellular growth, cancer stemness and 5-flourouracil resistance in colorectal cancer. Oncotarget 2015; 5:8492-502. [PMID: 25261368 PMCID: PMC4226699 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The putative tumor suppressor gene spinophilin has been involved in cancer progression in several types of cancer. In this study, we explored the prognostic value of spinophilin expression in 162 colon adenocarcinoma patients. In addition, we generated stably expressing spinophilin-directed shRNA CRC cell lines and studied the influence of spinophilin expression on cellular phenotypes and molecular interactions. We independently confirmed that low spinophilin expression levels are associated with poor prognosis in CRC patients (p = 0.038). A reduction of spinophilin levels in p53 wild-type HCT116 and p53-mutated Caco-2 cells led to increased cellular growth rates and anchorage-independent growth (p<0.05). At molecular level, reduced spinophilin levels increased the expression of the transcription factor E2F-1. In addition, we observed an increased formation of tumor spheres, increased number of CD133 positive cells and an increased resistance to 5-flourouracil (p<0.05). Finally, treatment with the de-methylating agent 5-aza-dC increased spinophilin expression in CRC cells (p<0.05), corroborated by a correlation of spinophilin expression and extent of methylated CpG sites in the gene promoter region (p<0.001). In conclusion, gain of aggressive biological properties of CRC cells including cellular growth, cancer stem cell features and 5-flourouracil resistance partly explains the role of spinophilin in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Ress
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria. These authors contributed equally to this work
| | | | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division of Haematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Samantha Perakis
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Cristina Ivan
- Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - George Adrian Calin
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA. Center for RNA Interference and Non-Coding RNAs, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
| | - Beate Rinner
- Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Austria. Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, TX, USA
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Stiegelbauer V, Ress A, Schwarzenbacher D, Deutsch A, Perakis S, Ling H, Ivan C, Calin G, Gerger A, Rinner B, Pichler M. P-219 The role of the putative tumor suppressor protein spinophilin in colorectal cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv233.216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Schwarzenbacher D, Stiegelbauer V, Deutsch A, Ress A, Aigelsreiter A, Schauer S, Gerger A, Höfler G, Rinner B, Pichler M. Low spinophilin expression is associated with poor prognosis and cellular growth in human breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv120.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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17
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Ress AL, Stiegelbauer V, Winter E, Schwarzenbacher D, Kiesslich T, Lax S, Jahn S, Deutsch A, Bauernhofer T, Ling H, Samonigg H, Gerger A, Hoefler G, Pichler M. MiR-96-5p influences cellular growth and is associated with poor survival in colorectal cancer patients. Mol Carcinog 2014; 54:1442-50. [PMID: 25256312 DOI: 10.1002/mc.22218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Expression of miR-96-5p is frequently altered in various types of cancer and the KRAS oncogene has been identified as one of its potential targets. However, the biological role of miR-96-5p expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and its ability to predict the clinical course of patients have not been investigated yet. In this study, we explored miR-96-5p expression in 80 CRC patients and evaluated the impact on clinical outcome by Kaplan-Meier curves and multivariate Cox proportional models. In vitro miR-96-5p inhibition and overexpression were performed in CRC cells and the effects on cellular growth, anchorage-independent growth, apoptosis, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-related gene expression were explored. Low miR-96-5p expression levels in tumor tissue were associated with distant metastasis (P = 0.025) and multivariate Cox regression analysis identified low levels of miR-96-5p as an independent prognostic factor with respect to cancer-specific survival (hazard ratio = 1.78, 95%CI = 1.03-3.03, P < 0.038). In vitro overexpression of miR-96-5p led to a reduced cellular growth rate (P < 0.05), reduced colonies in soft agar (P < 0.05), corroborated by a decreased cyclin D1 and increased p27-CDKN1A expression (P < 0.05). Forced expression of miR-96-5p in CRC cells entailed no effects on apoptosis or EMT-related genes but decreased the expression levels of the KRAS oncogene (P < 0.05). Despite regulating KRAS expression, there was no significant association in miR-96-5p expression levels and response rates to EGFR-targeting agents. In conclusion, our data suggest that miR-96-5p influences cellular growth of CRC cells and low expression of miR-96-5p seems to be associated with poor clinical outcome in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lena Ress
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Verena Stiegelbauer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Elke Winter
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Daniela Schwarzenbacher
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Kiesslich
- Institute of Physiology and Pathophysiology, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sigurd Lax
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital Graz West, Graz, Austria
| | - Stefan Jahn
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Deutsch
- Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Austria
| | - Thomas Bauernhofer
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Hui Ling
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Hellmut Samonigg
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Armin Gerger
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Gerald Hoefler
- Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz (MUG), Graz, Austria
| | - Martin Pichler
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
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Stiegelbauer V, Perakis S, Deutsch A, Ling H, Gerger A, Pichler M. MicroRNAs as novel predictive biomarkers and therapeutic targets in colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:11727-11735. [PMID: 25206276 PMCID: PMC4155362 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i33.11727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cancer in western countries. Despite significant improvement in available treatment options, CRC still remains the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Traditionally, 5-fluorouracil has been used as the main chemotherapy drug for treatment of metastatic CRC (mCRC). However, during the last two decades more effective chemotherapeutic agents such as oxaliplatin, irinotecan and the monoclonal antibodies cetuximab, panitumumab and bevacizumab have been used in clinical practice. More recently, the therapeutic armamentarium has been supplemented by the monoclonal antibodies bevacizumab, cetuximab and panitumumab as well as the protein-trap aflibercept and the small molecule multi-kinase inhibitor regorafenib. One of the major problems for the management of CRC is the inherent or acquired resistance to therapeutic approaches. The discovery of microRNAs (miRNAs), a class of small, endogenous, non-coding, single-stranded RNAs that play a role as post-transcriptional regulators, has added new dimensions to the diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Because miRNAs are important regulators of carcinogenesis, progression, invasion, angiogenesis and metastases in CRC, they might serve as potential predictive and prognostic factors and even as therapeutic targets themselves. Several miRNAs are already known to be dysregulated in CRCs and have been linked to biological processes involved in tumor progression and response to anti-cancer therapies. This review summarizes current therapeutic approaches for treating CRC and highlights the role of miRNAs as novel predictive biomarkers and potential drug targets in CRC patients.
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Koller K, Pichler M, Koch K, Zandl M, Stiegelbauer V, Leuschner I, Hoefler G, Guertl B. Nephroblastomas show low expression of microR-204 and high expression of its target, the oncogenic transcription factor MEIS1. Pediatr Dev Pathol 2014; 17:169-75. [PMID: 24617557 DOI: 10.2350/13-01-1288-oa.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
By comparing several studies we identified a possible deregulation of the transcription factors PBX2 (pre-B-cell leukemia homeobox 2) and one of its binding partners, MEIS1 (Meis homeobox 1) in nephroblastomas. The regulation of MEIS1 is complex, and its expression is known to be influenced by changes of promoter methylation and binding of microRNA-204 (miR-204). Therefore, in our study, we assessed the expression of MEIS1 and PBX2 and the factors regulating expression of MEIS1 in nephroblastomas. MEIS1 and PBX2 messenger RNA (mRNA) and protein levels were investigated by quantitative real-time-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemistry. Promoter methylation of MEIS1 was evaluated using a methylation-specific PCR assay. Expression levels of miR-204 were examined by qRT-PCR. Eighteen of 21 nephroblastomas showed a high level of MEIS1 mRNA, and 22 of 26 samples had a specific nuclear protein expression. MicroRNA-204 had a statistically significantly lower expression in all nephroblastomas investigated compared with renal parenchyma, but no change of MEIS1 promoter methylation status was noted. Eleven of 23 nephroblastomas had a high expression of PBX2 mRNA, and 15 of 23 samples had a specific nuclear protein expression was noted. In our study, we demonstrated an expression of MEIS1 and its binding partner PBX2 in most nephroblastomas. The statistically significantly lower expression of miR-204 in all nephroblastomas investigated might point to an involvement of miR-204 in the regulation of MEIS1 in nephroblastomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Koller
- 1 Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 25, 8036 Graz, Austria
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