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Gartia MR, Thannickal VJ. Lipids to the Rescue in Pulmonary Fibrosis: Biosynthesis, Bioenergetics or Epigenetics? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2024. [PMID: 38713058 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2024-0187ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Tulane University School of Medicine, 12255, Dept of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, United States
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2
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Hough KP, Trevor JL, Chacko BK, Strenkowski JG, Wang Y, Goliwas KF, Bone NB, Kim YI, Holmes R, Vang S, Pritchard A, Chin J, Bodduluri S, Antony VB, Tousif S, Athar MS, Chanda D, Mitra K, Zmijewski J, Zhang J, Duncan SR, Thannickal VJ, Gabrielsson S, Darley-Usmar VM, Deshane JS. Small Extracellular Vesicle Signaling and Mitochondrial Transfer Reprograms T Helper Cell Function in Human Asthma. bioRxiv 2024:2024.04.30.589227. [PMID: 38746361 PMCID: PMC11092649 DOI: 10.1101/2024.04.30.589227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways that involves crosstalk between myeloid-derived regulatory cells (MDRCs) and CD4+ T cells. Although small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to mediate cell-cell communication, the role of sEV signaling via mitochondria in perpetuating asthmatic airway inflammation is unknown. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of MDRC-derived exosomes on dysregulated T cell responses in asthmatics. METHODS Small extracellular vesicles isolated from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid or airway MDRCs of mild to moderate asthmatics or healthy controls were co-cultured with autologous peripheral and airway CD4+ T lymphocytes. sEV internalization, sEV-mediated transfer of mitochondria targeted GFP to T cells, sEV mitochondrial signaling, and subsequent activation, proliferation and polarization of CD4+ T lymphocytes to Th1, Th2 and Th17 subsets were assessed. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Airway MDRC-derived sEVs from asthmatics mediated T cell receptor engagement and transfer of mitochondria that induced antigen-specific activation and polarization into Th17 and Th2 cells, drivers of chronic airway inflammation in asthma. CD4+ T cells internalized sEVs containing mitochondria predominantly by membrane fusion, and blocking mitochondrial oxidant signaling in MDRC-derived exosomes mitigated T cell activation. Reactive oxygen species-mediated signaling that elicited T cell activation in asthmatics was sEV-dependent. A Drp1-dependent mitochondrial fission in pro-inflammatory MDRCs promoted mitochondrial packaging within sEVs, which then co-localized with the polarized actin cytoskeleton and mitochondrial networks in the organized immune synapse of recipient T cells. CONCLUSIONS Our studies indicate a previously unrecognized role for mitochondrial fission and exosomal mitochondrial transfer in dysregulated T cell activation and Th cell differentiation in asthma which could constitute a novel therapeutic target.
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3
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Rehan M, Deskin B, Kurundkar AR, Yadav S, Matsunaga Y, Manges J, Smith N, Dsouza KG, Burow ME, Thannickal VJ. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase mediates lipofibroblast-myofibroblast transition and apoptosis resistance. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:105027. [PMID: 37423298 PMCID: PMC10413354 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.105027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolism controls cellular phenotype and fate. In this report, we demonstrate that nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT), a metabolic enzyme that regulates developmental stem cell transitions and tumor progression, is highly expressed in human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) lungs, and is induced by the pro-fibrotic cytokine, transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in lung fibroblasts. NNMT silencing reduces the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, both constitutively and in response to TGF-β1. Furthermore, NNMT controls the phenotypic transition from homeostatic, pro-regenerative lipofibroblasts to pro-fibrotic myofibroblasts. This effect of NNMT is mediated, in part, by the downregulation of lipogenic transcription factors, TCF21 and PPARγ, and the induction of a less proliferative but more differentiated myofibroblast phenotype. NNMT confers an apoptosis-resistant phenotype to myofibroblasts that is associated with the downregulation of pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, including Bim and PUMA. Together, these studies indicate a critical role for NNMT in the metabolic reprogramming of fibroblasts to a pro-fibrotic and apoptosis-resistant phenotype and support the concept that targeting this enzyme may promote regenerative responses in chronic fibrotic disorders such as IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rehan
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
| | - Brian Deskin
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Ashish R Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Santosh Yadav
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Justin Manges
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Nia Smith
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Kevin G Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Matthew E Burow
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA; Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA.
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4
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Abstract
Mesenchymal cells are uniquely located at the interface between the epithelial lining and the stroma, allowing them to act as a signaling hub among diverse cellular compartments of the lung. During embryonic and postnatal lung development, mesenchyme-derived signals instruct epithelial budding, branching morphogenesis, and subsequent structural and functional maturation. Later during adult life, the mesenchyme plays divergent roles wherein its balanced activation promotes epithelial repair after injury while its aberrant activation can lead to pathological remodeling and fibrosis that are associated with multiple chronic pulmonary diseases, including bronchopulmonary dysplasia, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. In this Review, we discuss the involvement of the lung mesenchyme in various morphogenic, neomorphogenic, and dysmorphogenic aspects of lung biology and health, with special emphasis on lung fibroblast subsets and smooth muscle cells, intercellular communication, and intrinsic mesenchymal mechanisms that drive such physiological and pathophysiological events throughout development, homeostasis, injury repair, regeneration, and aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elie El Agha
- Department of Medicine V, Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Universities of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Justus-Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
- Cardio-Pulmonary Institute (CPI), Giessen, Germany
- Institute for Lung Health (ILH), Giessen, Germany
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
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5
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Zhou Y, Thannickal VJ. Demystifying the Enigmatic Fibroblast in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 69:1-2. [PMID: 37040483 PMCID: PMC10324038 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2023-0090ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhou
- Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans, Louisiana and Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System New Orleans, Louisiana
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6
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Yin Q, Morris GF, Saito S, Zhuang Y, Thannickal VJ, Jazwinski SM, Lasky JA. Enhanced Expression of a Novel Lamin A/C Splice Variant in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Lung. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:625-637. [PMID: 36848480 PMCID: PMC10257069 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0222oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), the normal delicate lung architecture is replaced with rigid extracellular matrix (ECM) as a result of the accumulation of activated myofibroblasts and excessive deposition of ECM. Lamins have a role in fostering mechanosignaling from the ECM to the nucleus. Although there is a growing number of studies on lamins and associated diseases, there are no prior reports linking aberrations in lamins with pulmonary fibrosis. Here, we discovered, through analysis of RNA sequencing data, a novel isoform of lamin A/C that is more highly expressed in IPF compared with control lung. This novel LMNA (lamin A/C) splice variant includes retained introns 10 and 11 and exons 11 and 12 as documented by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. We found that this novel isoform is induced by stiff ECM. To better clarify the specific effects of this novel isoform of lamin A/C and how it may contribute to the pathogenesis of IPF, we transduced the lamin transcript into primary lung fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells and found that it impacts several biological effects, including cell proliferation, senescence, cell contraction, and the transition of fibroblasts to myofibroblasts. We also observed that type II epithelial cells and myofibroblasts in the IPF lung exhibited wrinkled nuclei, and this is notable because this has not been previously described and is consistent with laminopathy-mediated cellular effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyan Yin
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Shigeki Saito
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Yan Zhuang
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana; and
| | - S. Michal Jazwinski
- Tulane Center for Aging, General Internal Medicine & Geriatrics, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Joseph A. Lasky
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, Department of Medicine
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7
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Thannickal VJ, Jandeleit‐Dahm K, Szyndralewiez C, Török NJ. Pre-clinical evidence of a dual NADPH oxidase 1/4 inhibitor (setanaxib) in liver, kidney and lung fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2023; 27:471-481. [PMID: 36658776 PMCID: PMC9930438 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis describes a dysregulated tissue remodelling response to persistent cellular injury and is the final pathological consequence of many chronic diseases that affect the liver, kidney and lung. Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH)-oxidase (NOX) enzymes produce reactive oxygen species (ROS) as their primary function. ROS derived from NOX1 and NOX4 are key mediators of liver, kidney and lung fibrosis. Setanaxib (GKT137831) is a first-in-class, dual inhibitor of NOX1/4 and is the first NOX inhibitor to progress to clinical trial investigation. The anti-fibrotic effects of setanaxib in liver, kidney and lung fibrosis are supported by multiple lines of pre-clinical evidence. However, despite advances in our understanding, the precise roles of NOX1/4 in fibrosis require further investigation. Additionally, there is a translational gap between the pre-clinical observations of setanaxib to date and the applicability of these to human patients within a clinical setting. This narrative review critically examines the role of NOX1/4 in liver, kidney and lung fibrosis, alongside the available evidence investigating setanaxib as a therapeutic agent in pre-clinical models of disease. We discuss the potential clinical translatability of this pre-clinical evidence, which provides rationale to explore NOX1/4 inhibition by setanaxib across various fibrotic pathologies in clinical trials involving human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J. Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
- Southeast Louisiana Veterans Healthcare SystemNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Karin Jandeleit‐Dahm
- Department of Diabetes, Central Clinical SchoolMonash UniversityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Cédric Szyndralewiez
- Calliditas Therapeutics Suisse SAGenevaSwitzerland
- Present address:
Pherecydes PharmaNantesFrance
| | - Natalie J. Török
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCaliforniaUSA
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8
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Lasky JA, Thannickal VJ. NOTCH-ing up Surface Tension in the Fibrotic Lung. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2023; 207:235-236. [PMID: 36351003 PMCID: PMC9896643 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202210-1901ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Joseph A Lasky
- School of Medicine Tulane University New Orleans, Louisiana
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9
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Zmijewski JW, Thannickal VJ. Autophagy in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Predisposition of the Aging Lung to Fibrosis? Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:3-4. [PMID: 36201669 PMCID: PMC9817915 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0379ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana
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10
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Saito S, Chung CHH, Jacob A, Nuradin N, Meyer AE, Yang H, Kolls JK, Thannickal VJ, Lasky JA, Saito T, Liu YZ. Hematopoietic and Lung Platelet Biogenesis as a Prognostic Indicator in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:1174-1177. [PMID: 35853164 PMCID: PMC9704823 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202206-1195le] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Saito
- Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Alex Jacob
- Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Nebil Nuradin
- Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Amy E Meyer
- Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Haoran Yang
- Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jay K Kolls
- Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana
| | | | - Joseph A Lasky
- Tulane University School of Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Toshie Saito
- Stanford University School of Medicine Stanford, California
| | - Yao-Zhong Liu
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine New Orleans, Louisiana
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11
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Rangarajan S, Locy ML, Chanda D, Kurundkar A, Kurundkar D, Larson‐Casey JL, Londono P, Bagchi RA, Deskin B, Elajaili H, Nozik ES, Deshane JS, Zmijewski JW, Eickelberg O, Thannickal VJ. Mitochondrial uncoupling protein-2 reprograms metabolism to induce oxidative stress and myofibroblast senescence in age-associated lung fibrosis. Aging Cell 2022; 21:e13674. [PMID: 35934931 PMCID: PMC9470902 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 06/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction has been associated with age-related diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). We provide evidence that implicates chronic elevation of the mitochondrial anion carrier protein, uncoupling protein-2 (UCP2), in increased generation of reactive oxygen species, altered redox state and cellular bioenergetics, impaired fatty acid oxidation, and induction of myofibroblast senescence. This pro-oxidant senescence reprogramming occurs in concert with conventional actions of UCP2 as an uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation with dissipation of the mitochondrial membrane potential. UCP2 is highly expressed in human IPF lung myofibroblasts and in aged fibroblasts. In an aging murine model of lung fibrosis, the in vivo silencing of UCP2 induces fibrosis regression. These studies indicate a pro-fibrotic function of UCP2 in chronic lung disease and support its therapeutic targeting in age-related diseases associated with impaired tissue regeneration and organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sunad Rangarajan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Morgan L. Locy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Ashish Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Deepali Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Jennifer L. Larson‐Casey
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Pilar Londono
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, Department of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Rushita A. Bagchi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Brian Deskin
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
| | - Hanan Elajaili
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Eva S. Nozik
- Cardiovascular Pulmonary Research Laboratories and Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of PediatricsUniversity of ColoradoAuroraColoradoUSA
| | - Jessy S. Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirminghamAlabamaUSA
| | - Oliver Eickelberg
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care, Department of MedicineUniversity of Pittsburgh Medical CenterPittsburghPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of MedicineTulane University School of MedicineNew OrleansLouisianaUSA
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12
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Ikonomou L, Magnusson M, Dries R, Herzog EL, Hynds RE, Borok Z, Park JA, Skolasinski S, Burgess JK, Turner L, Mojarad SM, Mahoney JE, Lynch T, Lehmann M, Thannickal VJ, Hook JL, Vaughan AE, Hoffman ET, Weiss DJ, Ryan AL. Stem cells, cell therapies, and bioengineering in lung biology and disease 2021. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2022; 323:L341-L354. [PMID: 35762622 PMCID: PMC9484991 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00113.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 06/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The 9th biennial conference titled "Stem Cells, Cell Therapies, and Bioengineering in Lung Biology and Diseases" was hosted virtually, due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, in collaboration with the University of Vermont Larner College of Medicine, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, the Alpha-1 Foundation, the Cystic Fibrosis Foundation, and the International Society for Cell & Gene Therapy. The event was held from July 12th through 15th, 2021 with a pre-conference workshop held on July 9th. As in previous years, the objectives remained to review and discuss the status of active research areas involving stem cells (SCs), cellular therapeutics, and bioengineering as they relate to the human lung. Topics included 1) technological advancements in the in situ analysis of lung tissues, 2) new insights into stem cell signaling and plasticity in lung remodeling and regeneration, 3) the impact of extracellular matrix in stem cell regulation and airway engineering in lung regeneration, 4) differentiating and delivering stem cell therapeutics to the lung, 5) regeneration in response to viral infection, and 6) ethical development of cell-based treatments for lung diseases. This selection of topics represents some of the most dynamic and current research areas in lung biology. The virtual workshop included active discussion on state-of-the-art methods relating to the core features of the 2021 conference, including in situ proteomics, lung-on-chip, induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-airway differentiation, and light sheet microscopy. The conference concluded with an open discussion to suggest funding priorities and recommendations for future research directions in basic and translational lung biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laertis Ikonomou
- Department of Oral Biology, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mattias Magnusson
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Gene Therapy, Lund Stem Cell Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Ruben Dries
- Section of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Erica L Herzog
- Yale Interstitial Lung Disease Center of Excellence, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Epithelial Cell Biology in ENT Research Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Department, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Zea Borok
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of California, San Diego, California
| | - Jin-Ah Park
- Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Janette K Burgess
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leigh Turner
- Department of Health, Society, and Behavior, University of California, Irvine Program In Public Health, Irvine, California
| | - Sarah M Mojarad
- Engineering in Society Program, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Thomas Lynch
- Department of Surgery, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Mareike Lehmann
- Institute of Lung Health and Immunity, Comprehensive Pneumology Center Munich, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Munich, Germany
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Jamie L Hook
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
- Global Health and Emerging Pathogens Institute, Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York City, New York
| | - Andrew E Vaughan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Evan T Hoffman
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Daniel J Weiss
- Department of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont
| | - Amy L Ryan
- Hastings Center for Pulmonary Research, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
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13
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Saito S, Deskin B, Rehan M, Yadav S, Matsunaga Y, Lasky JA, Thannickal VJ. Novel mediators of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Clin Sci (Lond) 2022; 136:1229-1240. [PMID: 36043396 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 08/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis involving the lung may occur in many settings, including in association with known environmental agents, connective tissue diseases, and exposure to drugs or radiation therapy. The most common form is referred to as 'idiopathic' since a causal agent or specific association has not been determined; the strongest risk factor for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is aging. Emerging studies indicate that targeting certain components of aging biology may be effective in mitigating age-associated fibrosis. While transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) is a central mediator of fibrosis in almost all contexts, and across multiple organs, it is not feasible to target this canonical pathway at the ligand-receptor level due to the pleiotropic nature of its actions; importantly, its homeostatic roles as a tumor-suppressor and immune-modulator make this an imprudent strategy. However, defining targets downstream of its receptor(s) that mediate fibrogenesis, while relatively dispenable for tumor- and immune-suppressive functions may aid in developing safer and more effective therapies. In this review, we explore molecular targets that, although TGF-β1 induced/activated, may be relatively more selective in mediating tissue fibrosis. Additionally, we explore epigenetic mechanisms with global effects on the fibrogenic process, as well as metabolic pathways that regulate aging and fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeki Saito
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A, and the Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A
| | - Brian Deskin
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A, and the Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A, and the Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A
| | - Santosh Yadav
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A, and the Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A
| | - Yasuka Matsunaga
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A, and the Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A
| | - Joseph A Lasky
- Section of Pulmonary Diseases, Critical Care and Environmental Medicine, John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A, and the Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A, and the Southeast Louisiana Veterans Health Care System, New Orleans, LA, U.S.A
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14
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Cui H, Xie N, Banerjee S, Dey T, Liu RM, Antony VB, Sanders YY, Adams TS, Gomez JL, Thannickal VJ, Kaminski N, Liu G. CD38 Mediates Lung Fibrosis by Promoting Alveolar Epithelial Cell Aging. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2022; 206:459-475. [PMID: 35687485 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.202109-2151oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Rationale: A prevailing paradigm recognizes idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) originating from various alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) injuries, and there is a growing appreciation of AEC aging as a key driver of the pathogenesis. Despite this progress, it is incompletely understood what main factor(s) contribute to the worsened alveolar epithelial aging in lung fibrosis. It remains a challenge how to dampen AEC aging and thereby mitigate the disease progression. Objectives: To determine the role of AEC CD38 (cluster of differentiation 38) in promoting cellular aging and lung fibrosis. Methods: We used single-cell RNA sequencing, real-time PCR, flow cytometry, and Western blotting. Measurements and Main Results: We discovered a pivotal role of CD38, a cardinal nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) hydrolase, in AEC aging and its promotion of lung fibrosis. We found increased CD38 expression in IPF lungs that inversely correlated with the lung functions of patients. CD38 was primarily located in the AECs of human lung parenchyma and was markedly induced in IPF AECs. Similarly, CD38 expression was elevated in the AECs of fibrotic lungs of young mice and further augmented in those of old mice, which was in accordance with a worsened AEC aging phenotype and an aggravated lung fibrosis in the old animals. Mechanistically, we found that CD38 elevation downregulated intracellular NAD, which likely led to the aging promoting impairment of the NAD-dependent cellular and molecular activities. Furthermore, we demonstrated that genetic and pharmacological inactivation of CD38 improved these NAD dependent events and ameliorated bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis. Conclusions: Our study suggests targeting alveolar CD38 as a novel and effective therapeutic strategy to treat this pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huachun Cui
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Na Xie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Sami Banerjee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Tapan Dey
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yan Y Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Taylor S Adams
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Jose L Gomez
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Naftali Kaminski
- Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; and
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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15
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Yadav S, Sampath SS, Deskin BJ, Thannickal VJ. H 2 O 2 Release Assay. Bio Protoc 2022; 12:e4429. [PMID: 35799911 PMCID: PMC9243514 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.4429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species are ubiquitous in nature, and function as signalling molecules in biological systems; they may also contribute to oxidative stress in several pathobiological disease states. In this report, we describe a simple, reliable, sensitive, and specific assay for the detection and quantitation of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) release by living cells, organoids, or tissues. Furthermore, the low cost of reagents required for this assay makes it inexpensive relative to commercial kits. The high sensitivity and specificity are based on the ability of H 2 O 2 to react with heme peroxidases and convert para-substituted phenolic compounds to fluorescent dimers. Graphical abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Yadav
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Shruthi Sanjitha Sampath
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Brian J. Deskin
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA,
*For correspondence:
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16
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Wilson AC, Chiles J, Ashish S, Chanda D, Kumar PL, Mobley JA, Neptune ER, Thannickal VJ, McDonald MLN. Integrated bioinformatics analysis identifies established and novel TGFβ1-regulated genes modulated by anti-fibrotic drugs. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3080. [PMID: 35197532 PMCID: PMC8866468 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07151-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrosis is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Although fibrosis may involve different organ systems, transforming growth factor-β (TGFβ) has been established as a master regulator of fibrosis across organs. Pirfenidone and Nintedanib are the only currently-approved drugs to treat fibrosis, specifically idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, but their mechanisms of action remain poorly understood. To identify novel drug targets and uncover potential mechanisms by which these drugs attenuate fibrosis, we performed an integrative 'omics analysis of transcriptomic and proteomic responses to TGFβ1-stimulated lung fibroblasts. Significant findings were annotated as associated with pirfenidone and nintedanib treatment in silico via Coremine. Integrative 'omics identified a co-expressed transcriptomic and proteomic module significantly correlated with TGFβ1 treatment that was enriched (FDR-p = 0.04) with genes associated with pirfenidone and nintedanib treatment. While a subset of genes in this module have been implicated in fibrogenesis, several novel TGFβ1 signaling targets were identified. Specifically, four genes (BASP1, HSD17B6, CDH11, and TNS1) have been associated with pirfenidone, while five genes (CLINT1, CADM1, MTDH, SYDE1, and MCTS1) have been associated with nintedanib, and MYDGF has been implicated with treatment using both drugs. Using the Clue Drug Repurposing Hub, succinic acid was highlighted as a metabolite regulated by the protein encoded by HSD17B6. This study provides new insights into the anti-fibrotic actions of pirfenidone and nintedanib and identifies novel targets for future mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava C. Wilson
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Joe Chiles
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Shah Ashish
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Diptiman Chanda
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Preeti L. Kumar
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - James A. Mobley
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Enid R. Neptune
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265219.b0000 0001 2217 8588John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA USA
| | - Merry-Lynn N. McDonald
- grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA ,grid.265892.20000000106344187Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL USA
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17
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Zhang X, Liu H, Zhou JQ, Krick S, Barnes JW, Thannickal VJ, Sanders YY. Modulation of H4K16Ac levels reduces pro-fibrotic gene expression and mitigates lung fibrosis in aged mice. Theranostics 2022; 12:530-541. [PMID: 34976199 PMCID: PMC8692895 DOI: 10.7150/thno.62760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone H4 lysine16 acetylation (H4K16Ac) modulates chromatin structure by serving as a switch from a repressive to a transcriptionally active state. This euchromatin mark is associated with active transcription. In this study, we investigated the effects of H4K16Ac on the expression of pro-fibrotic genes in lung fibroblasts from patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and in an aging murine model of lung fibrosis. Methods: The lung tissues and fibroblasts from human IPF/non-IPF donors and from aged mice with/without bleomycin induced lung fibrosis were used in this study. The H4K16Ac levels were examined by immunohistochemistry or western blots. RNA silencing of H4K16Ac acetyltransferase Mof was used to reduce H4K16Ac levels in IPF fibroblasts. The effects of reduced H4K16Ac on pro-fibrotic gene expression were examined by western blots and real-time PCR. The association of H4K16Ac with these genes' promoter region were evaluated by ChIP assays. The gene expression profile in siRNA Mof transfected IPF cells were determined by RNA-Seq. The impact of H4K16Ac levels on lung fibrosis was evaluated in an aging murine model. Results: Aged mice with bleomycin induced lung fibrosis showed increased H4K16Ac levels. Human lung fibroblasts with siRNA Mof silencing demonstrated reduced H4K16Ac, and significantly down-regulated profibrotic genes, such as α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), collagen I, Nox4, and survivin. ChIP assays confirmed the associations of these pro-fibrotic genes' promoter region with H4K16Ac, while in siRNA Mof transfected cells the promoter/H4K16Ac associations were depleted. RNA-seq data demonstrated that Mof knockdown altered gene expression and cellular pathways, including cell damage and repair. In the aging mice model of persistent lung fibrosis, 18-month old mice given intra-nasal siRNA Mof from week 3 to 6 following bleomycin injury showed improved lung architecture, decreased total hydroxyproline content and lower levels of H4K16Ac. Conclusions: These results indicate a critical epigenetic regulatory role for histone H4K16Ac in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis, which will aid in the development of novel therapeutic strategies for age-related diseases such as IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yan Y Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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18
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Tousif S, Wang Y, Jackson J, Hough KP, Strenkowski JG, Athar M, Thannickal VJ, McCusker RH, Ponnazhagan S, Deshane JS. Indoleamine 2, 3-Dioxygenase Promotes Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Dependent Differentiation Of Regulatory B Cells in Lung Cancer. Front Immunol 2021; 12:747780. [PMID: 34867973 PMCID: PMC8640488 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.747780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Regulatory B cells (Breg) are IL-10 producing subsets of B cells that contribute to immunosuppression in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Breg are elevated in patients with lung cancer; however, the mechanisms underlying Breg development and their function in lung cancer have not been adequately elucidated. Herein, we report a novel role for Indoleamine 2, 3- dioxygenase (IDO), a metabolic enzyme that degrades tryptophan (Trp) and the Trp metabolite L-kynurenine (L-Kyn) in the regulation of Breg differentiation in the lung TME. Using a syngeneic mouse model of lung cancer, we report that Breg frequencies significantly increased during tumor progression in the lung TME and secondary lymphoid organs, while Breg were reduced in tumor-bearing IDO deficient mice (IDO-/-). Trp metabolite L-Kyn promoted Breg differentiation in-vitro in an aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), toll-like receptor-4-myeloid differentiation primary response 88, (TLR4-MyD88) dependent manner. Importantly, using mouse models with conditional deletion of IDO in myeloid-lineage cells, we identified a significant role for immunosuppressive myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC)-associated IDO in modulating in-vivo and ex-vivo differentiation of Breg. Our studies thus identify Trp metabolism as a therapeutic target to modulate regulatory B cell function during lung cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sultan Tousif
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joshua Jackson
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kenneth P Hough
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - John G Strenkowski
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Robert H McCusker
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Jessy S Deshane
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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19
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Chanda D, Rehan M, Smith SR, Dsouza KG, Wang Y, Bernard K, Kurundkar D, Memula V, Kojima K, Mobley JA, Benavides GA, Darley-Usmar V, Kim YIL, Zmijewski JW, Deshane JS, De Langhe S, Thannickal VJ. Mesenchymal stromal cell aging impairs the self-organizing capacity of lung alveolar epithelial stem cells. eLife 2021; 10:68049. [PMID: 34528872 PMCID: PMC8445616 DOI: 10.7554/elife.68049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Multicellular organisms maintain structure and function of tissues/organs through emergent, self-organizing behavior. In this report, we demonstrate a critical role for lung mesenchymal stromal cell (L-MSC) aging in determining the capacity to form three-dimensional organoids or 'alveolospheres' with type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC2s). In contrast to L-MSCs from aged mice, young L-MSCs support the efficient formation of alveolospheres when co-cultured with young or aged AEC2s. Aged L-MSCs demonstrated features of cellular senescence, altered bioenergetics, and a senescence-associated secretory profile (SASP). The reactive oxygen species generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), was highly activated in aged L-MSCs and Nox4 downregulation was sufficient to, at least partially, reverse this age-related energy deficit, while restoring the self-organizing capacity of alveolospheres. Together, these data indicate a critical role for cellular bioenergetics and redox homeostasis in an organoid model of self-organization and support the concept of thermodynamic entropy in aging biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | - Mohammad Rehan
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
| | - Samuel R Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | - Kevin G Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | - Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | - Deepali Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | - Vinayak Memula
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, United States.,Department of Surgery, Birmingham, United States
| | - Kyoko Kojima
- Comprehensive Cancer Center Mass Spectrometry & Proteomics Shared Facility, Birmingham, United States
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | | | | | - Young-iL Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, United States.,Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, United States
| | - Jaroslaw W Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | - Stijn De Langhe
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Birmingham, United States
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- John W. Deming Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, United States
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20
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Goliwas KF, Simmons CS, Khan SA, Wood AM, Wang Y, Berry JL, Athar M, Mobley JA, Kim YI, Thannickal VJ, Harrod KS, Donahue JM, Deshane JS. Local SARS-CoV-2 peptide-specific Immune Responses in Convalescent and Uninfected Human Lung Tissue Models. medRxiv 2021. [PMID: 34518842 DOI: 10.1101/2021.09.02.21263042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Multi-specific and long-lasting T cell immunity have been recognized as indicators for long term protection against pathogens including the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of the COVID-19 pandemic. Functional significance of peripheral memory T cell subsets in COVID-19 convalescents (CONV) are beginning to be appreciated; but little is known about lung resident memory T cell (lung TRM) responses and their role in limiting the severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Here, we utilize a perfusion three dimensional (3D) human lung tissue model and identify pre-existing local T cell immunity against SARS-CoV-2 spike protein and structural antigens in the lung tissues. We report ex vivo maintenance of functional multi-specific IFN-γ secreting lung TRM in CONV and their induction in lung tissues of vaccinated CONV. Importantly, we identify SARS-CoV-2 spike peptide-responding B cells in lung tissues of CONV in ex vivo 3D-tissue models. Our study highlights a balanced and local anti-viral immune response in the lung and persistent induction of TRM cells as an essential component for future protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection. Further, our data suggest that inclusion of multiple viral antigens in vaccine approaches may broaden the functional profile of memory T cells to combat the severity of coronavirus infection.
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21
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Li FJ, Surolia R, Li H, Wang Z, Liu G, Kulkarni T, Massicano AVF, Mobley JA, Mondal S, de Andrade JA, Coonrod SA, Thompson PR, Wille K, Lapi SE, Athar M, Thannickal VJ, Carter AB, Antony VB. Citrullinated vimentin mediates development and progression of lung fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2021; 13:13/585/eaba2927. [PMID: 33731433 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aba2927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which environmental exposures contribute to the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis are unclear. Here, we demonstrate an increase in cadmium (Cd) and carbon black (CB), common components of cigarette smoke (CS) and environmental particulate matter (PM), in lung tissue from subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Cd concentrations were directly proportional to citrullinated vimentin (Cit-Vim) amounts in lung tissue of subjects with IPF. Cit-Vim amounts were higher in subjects with IPF, especially smokers, which correlated with lung function and were associated with disease manifestations. Cd/CB induced the secretion of Cit-Vim in an Akt1- and peptidylarginine deiminase 2 (PAD2)-dependent manner. Cit-Vim mediated fibroblast invasion in a 3D ex vivo model of human pulmospheres that resulted in higher expression of CD26, collagen, and α-SMA. Cit-Vim activated NF-κB in a TLR4-dependent fashion and induced the production of active TGF-β1, CTGF, and IL-8 along with higher surface expression of TLR4 in lung fibroblasts. To corroborate ex vivo findings, mice treated with Cit-Vim, but not Vim, independently developed a similar pattern of fibrotic tissue remodeling, which was TLR4 dependent. Moreover, wild-type mice, but not PAD2-/- and TLR4 mutant (MUT) mice, exposed to Cd/CB generated high amounts of Cit-Vim, in both plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and developed lung fibrosis in a stereotypic manner. Together, these studies support a role for Cit-Vim as a damage-associated molecular pattern molecule (DAMP) that is generated by lung macrophages in response to environmental Cd/CB exposure. Furthermore, PAD2 might represent a promising target to attenuate Cd/CB-induced fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu Jun Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ranu Surolia
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Huashi Li
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Zheng Wang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Adriana V F Massicano
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - James A Mobley
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Santanu Mondal
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Joao A de Andrade
- Vanderbilt Lung Institute, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37212, USA
| | - Scott A Coonrod
- Baker Institute for Animal Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Paul R Thompson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Keith Wille
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Suzanne E Lapi
- Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - A Brent Carter
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Veena B Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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22
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Jiang C, Liu G, Cai L, Deshane J, Antony V, Thannickal VJ, Liu RM. Divergent Regulation of Alveolar Type 2 Cell and Fibroblast Apoptosis by Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in Lung Fibrosis. Am J Pathol 2021; 191:1227-1239. [PMID: 33887217 PMCID: PMC8351125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased apoptosis sensitivity of alveolar type 2 (ATII) cells and increased apoptosis resistance of (myo)fibroblasts, the apoptosis paradox, contributes to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The mechanism underlying the apoptosis paradox in IPF lungs, however, is unclear. Aging is the greatest risk factor for IPF. In this study, we show, for the first time, that ATII cells from old mice are more sensitive, whereas fibroblasts from old mice are more resistant, to apoptotic challenges, compared with the corresponding cells from young mice. The expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), an important profibrogenic mediator, was significantly increased in both ATII cells and lung fibroblasts from aged mice. In vitro studies using PAI-1 siRNA and active PAI-1 protein indicated that PAI-1 promoted ATII cell apoptosis but protected fibroblasts from apoptosis, likely through dichotomous regulation of p53 expression. Deletion of PAI-1 in adult mice led to a reduction in p53, p21, and Bax protein expression, as well as apoptosis sensitivity in ATII cells, and their increase in the lung fibroblasts, as indicated by in vivo studies. This increase was associated with an attenuation of lung fibrosis after bleomycin challenge. Since PAI-1 is up-regulated in both ATII cells and fibroblasts in IPF, the results suggest that increased PAI-1 may underlie the apoptosis paradox of ATII cells and fibroblasts in IPF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jessy Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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Qu J, Yang SZ, Zhu Y, Guo T, Thannickal VJ, Zhou Y. Targeting mechanosensitive MDM4 promotes lung fibrosis resolution in aged mice. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202033. [PMID: 33688918 PMCID: PMC7953267 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a strong risk factor and an independent prognostic factor for progressive human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Aged mice develop nonresolving pulmonary fibrosis following lung injury. In this study, we found that mouse double minute 4 homolog (MDM4) is highly expressed in the fibrotic lesions of human IPF and experimental pulmonary fibrosis in aged mice. We identified MDM4 as a matrix stiffness-regulated endogenous inhibitor of p53. Reducing matrix stiffness down-regulates MDM4 expression, resulting in p53 activation in primary lung myofibroblasts isolated from IPF patients. Gain of p53 function activates a gene program that sensitizes lung myofibroblasts to apoptosis and promotes the clearance of apoptotic myofibroblasts by macrophages. Destiffening of the fibrotic lung matrix by targeting nonenzymatic cross-linking or genetic ablation of Mdm4 in lung (myo)fibroblasts activates the Mdm4-p53 pathway and promotes lung fibrosis resolution in aged mice. These findings suggest that mechanosensitive MDM4 is a molecular target with promising therapeutic potential against persistent lung fibrosis associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shan-Zhong Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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24
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Goliwas KF, Ashraf HM, Wood AM, Wang Y, Hough KP, Bodduluri S, Athar M, Berry JL, Ponnazhagan S, Thannickal VJ, Deshane JS. Extracellular Vesicle Mediated Tumor-Stromal Crosstalk Within an Engineered Lung Cancer Model. Front Oncol 2021; 11:654922. [PMID: 33968758 PMCID: PMC8103208 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.654922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-stromal interactions within the tumor microenvironment (TME) influence lung cancer progression and response to therapeutic interventions, yet traditional in vitro studies fail to replicate the complexity of these interactions. Herein, we developed three-dimensional (3D) lung tumor models that mimic the human TME and demonstrate tumor-stromal crosstalk mediated by extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs released by tumor cells, independent of p53 status, and fibroblasts within the TME mediate immunomodulatory effects; specifically, monocyte/macrophage polarization to a tumor-promoting M2 phenotype within this 3D-TME. Additionally, immune checkpoint inhibition in a 3D model that included T cells showed an inhibition of tumor growth and reduced hypoxia within the TME. Thus, perfused 3D tumor models incorporating diverse cell types provide novel insights into EV-mediated tumor-immune interactions and immune-modulation for existing and emerging cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla F Goliwas
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Hannah M Ashraf
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Anthony M Wood
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Yong Wang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Kenneth P Hough
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sandeep Bodduluri
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Mohammad Athar
- Department of Dermatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Joel L Berry
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Selvarangan Ponnazhagan
- Department of Pathology, Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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25
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Rehan M, Kurundkar D, Kurundkar AR, Logsdon NJ, Smith SR, Chanda D, Bernard K, Sanders YY, Deshane JS, Dsouza KG, Rangarajan S, Zmijewski JW, Thannickal VJ. Restoration of SIRT3 gene expression by airway delivery resolves age-associated persistent lung fibrosis in mice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 1:205-217. [PMID: 34386777 PMCID: PMC8357317 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-021-00027-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a risk factor for progressive fibrotic disorders involving diverse organ systems, including the lung. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, an age-associated degenerative lung disorder, is characterized by persistence of apoptosis-resistant myofibroblasts. In this report, we demonstrate that sirtuin-3 (SIRT3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, is downregulated in lungs of IPF human subjects and in mice subjected to lung injury. Over-expression of the SIRT3 cDNA via airway delivery restored capacity for fibrosis resolution in aged mice, in association with activation of the forkhead box transcription factor, FoxO3a, in fibroblasts, upregulation of pro-apoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family, and recovery of apoptosis susceptibility. While transforming growth factor-β1 reduced levels of SIRT3 and FoxO3a in lung fibroblasts, cell non-autonomous effects involving macrophage secreted products were necessary for SIRT3-mediated activation of FoxO3a. Together, these findings reveal a novel role of SIRT3 in pro-resolution macrophage functions that restore susceptibility to apoptosis in fibroblasts via a FoxO3a-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rehan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Deepali Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ashish R Kurundkar
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Naomi J Logsdon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Samuel R Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Diptiman Chanda
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Yan Y Sanders
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Kevin G Dsouza
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sunad Rangarajan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Jaroslaw W Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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26
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Thannickal VJ. Elixir of Youth: Lipid Signaling Chaperones Synthesized in the Liver. Dev Cell 2020; 53:625-626. [PMID: 32574591 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2020.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Organ fibrosis represents a default tissue program activated when regenerative capacity is limited. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Ding et al. identify a lipid signaling pathway involving the liver synthesized chaperone ApoM as a circulating pro-regenerative mediator that is deficient in aging and mitigates fibrosis in distant organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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27
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Jiang D, Cui H, Xie N, Banerjee S, Liu RM, Dai H, Thannickal VJ, Liu G. ATF4 Mediates Mitochondrial Unfolded Protein Response in Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:478-489. [PMID: 32551949 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0107oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although endoplasmic reticulum (ER) unfolded protein response (UPRER) is well known, mitochondrial unfolded protein response (UPRmt) has not been recognized in alveolar epithelial cells. Furthermore, ER stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are frequently encountered in alveolar epithelial cells from an array of lung disorders. However, these two scenarios have been often regarded as separate mechanisms contributing to the pathogeneses. It is unclear whether there is interplay between these two phenomena or an integrator that couples these two signaling cascades in the stressed alveolar epithelial cells from those pathologies. In this study, we defined UPRmt in alveolar epithelial cells and identified ATF4 (activating transcription factor 4), but not ATF5, as the key regulator of UPRmt. We found that UPRER led to UPRmt and mitochondrial dysfunction in an ATF4-dependent manner. In contrast, mitochondrial stresses did not activate UPRER. We found that alveolar epithelial ATF4 and UPRmt were induced in aged mice with experimental pulmonary fibrosis as well as in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Finally, we found that the inducible expression of ATF4 in mouse alveolar epithelial cells aggravated pulmonary UPRmt, lung inflammation, body weight loss, and death upon bleomycin-induced lung injury. In conclusion, ER stress induces ATF4-dependent UPRmt and mitochondrial dysfunction, indicating a novel mechanism by which ER stress contributes to the pathogeneses of a variety of pulmonary disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingyuan Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Huachun Cui
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Na Xie
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Sami Banerjee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Huaping Dai
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Center of Respiratory Medicine, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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28
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29
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Abstract
Significance: Fibrosis is a stereotypic, multicellular tissue response to diverse types of injuries that fundamentally result from a failure of cell/tissue regeneration. This complex tissue remodeling response disrupts cellular/matrix composition and homeostatic cell-cell interactions, leading to loss of normal tissue architecture and progressive loss of organ structure/function. Fibrosis is a common feature of chronic diseases that may affect the lung, kidney, liver, and heart. Recent Advances: There is emerging evidence to support a combination of genetic, environmental, and age-related risk factors contributing to susceptibility and/or progression of fibrosis in different organ systems. A core pathway in fibrogenesis involving these organs is the induction and activation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate oxidase (NOX) family enzymes. Critical Issues: We explore current pharmaceutical approaches to targeting NOX enzymes, including repurposing of currently U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved drugs. Specific inhibitors of various NOX homologs will aid establishing roles of NOXs in the various organ fibroses and potential efficacy to impede/halt disease progression. Future Directions: The discovery of novel and highly specific NOX inhibitors will provide opportunities to develop NOX inhibitors for treatment of fibrotic pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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30
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Locy ML, Rangarajan S, Yang S, Johnson MR, Bernard K, Kurundkar A, Bone NB, Zmijewski JW, Byun J, Pennathur S, Zhou Y, Thannickal VJ. Oxidative cross-linking of fibronectin confers protease resistance and inhibits cellular migration. Sci Signal 2020; 13:13/644/eaau2803. [PMID: 32788339 PMCID: PMC9394744 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of tyrosine residues to generate o,o'-dityrosine cross-links in extracellular proteins is necessary for the proper function of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in various contexts in invertebrates. Tyrosine oxidation is also required for the biosynthesis of thyroid hormone in vertebrates, and there is evidence for oxidative cross-linking reactions occurring in extracellular proteins secreted by myofibroblasts. The ECM protein fibronectin circulates in the blood as a globular protein that dimerizes through disulfide bridges generated by cysteine oxidation. We found that cellular (fibrillar) fibronectin on the surface of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1)-activated human myofibroblasts underwent multimerization by o,o'-dityrosine cross-linking under reducing conditions that disrupt disulfide bridges, but soluble fibronectin did not. This reaction on tyrosine residues required both the TGF-β1-dependent production of hydrogen peroxide and the presence of myeloperoxidase (MPO) derived from inflammatory cells, which are active participants in wound healing and fibrogenic processes. Oxidative cross-linking of matrix fibronectin attenuated both epithelial and fibroblast migration and conferred resistance to proteolysis by multiple proteases. The abundance of circulating o,o'-dityrosine-modified fibronectin was increased in a murine model of lung fibrosis and in human subjects with interstitial lung disease compared to that in control healthy subjects. These studies indicate that tyrosine can undergo stable, covalent linkages in fibrillar fibronectin under inflammatory conditions and that this modification affects the migratory behavior of cells on such modified matrices, suggesting that this modification may play a role in both physiologic and pathophysiologic tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morgan L Locy
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sunad Rangarajan
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sufen Yang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Mark R Johnson
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Ashish Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nathaniel B Bone
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jaroslaw W Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jaeman Byun
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Subramaniam Pennathur
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA.,Computational Medicine and Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yong Zhou
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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31
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Sanders YY, Lyv X, Zhou QJ, Xiang Z, Stanford D, Bodduluri S, Rowe SM, Thannickal VJ. Brd4-p300 inhibition downregulates Nox4 and accelerates lung fibrosis resolution in aged mice. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137127. [PMID: 32544088 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue regeneration capacity declines with aging in association with heightened oxidative stress. Expression of the oxidant-generating enzyme, NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4), is elevated in aged mice with diminished capacity for fibrosis resolution. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (Brd4) is a member of the bromodomain and extraterminal (BET) family of proteins that function as epigenetic "readers" of acetylated lysine groups on histones. In this study, we explored the role of Brd4 and its interaction with the p300 acetyltransferase in the regulation of Nox4 and the in vivo efficacy of a BET inhibitor to reverse established age-associated lung fibrosis. BET inhibition interferes with the association of Brd4, p300, and acetylated histone H4K16 with the Nox4 promoter in lung fibroblasts stimulated with the profibrotic cytokine, TGF-β1. A number of BET inhibitors, including I-BET-762, JQ1, and OTX015, downregulate Nox4 gene expression and activity. Aged mice with established and persistent lung fibrosis recover capacity for fibrosis resolution with OTX015 treatment. This study implicates epigenetic regulation of Nox4 by Brd4 and p300 and supports BET/Brd4 inhibition as an effective strategy for the treatment of age-related fibrotic lung disease.
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32
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Kato K, Logsdon NJ, Shin YJ, Palumbo S, Knox A, Irish JD, Rounseville SP, Rummel SR, Mohamed M, Ahmad K, Trinh JM, Kurundkar D, Knox KS, Thannickal VJ, Hecker L. Impaired Myofibroblast Dedifferentiation Contributes to Nonresolving Fibrosis in Aging. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:633-644. [PMID: 31962055 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0092oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal age-associated disease with no cure. Although IPF is widely regarded as a disease of aging, the cellular mechanisms that contribute to this age-associated predilection remain elusive. In this study, we sought to evaluate the consequences of senescence on myofibroblast cell fate and fibrotic responses to lung injury in the context of aging. We demonstrated that nonsenescent lung myofibroblasts maintained the capacity for dedifferentiation, whereas senescent/IPF myofibroblasts exhibited an impaired capacity for dedifferentiation. We previously demonstrated that the transcription factor MyoD acts as a critical switch in the differentiation and dedifferentiation of myofibroblasts. Here, we demonstrate that decreased levels of MyoD preceded myofibroblast dedifferentiation and apoptosis susceptibility in nonsenescent cells, whereas MyoD expression remained elevated in senescent/IPF myofibroblasts, which failed to undergo dedifferentiation and demonstrated resistance to apoptosis. Genetic strategies to silence MyoD restored the susceptibility of IPF myofibroblasts to undergo apoptosis and led to a partial reversal of age-associated persistent fibrosis in vivo. The capacity for myofibroblast dedifferentiation and subsequent apoptosis may be critical for normal physiologic responses to tissue injury, whereas restricted dedifferentiation and apoptosis resistance in senescent cells may underlie the progressive nature of age-associated human fibrotic disorders. These studies support the concept that senescence may promote profibrotic effects via impaired myofibroblast dedifferentiation and apoptosis resistance, which contributes to myofibroblast accumulation and ultimately persistent fibrosis in aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kosuke Kato
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Naomi J Logsdon
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Yoon-Joo Shin
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sunny Palumbo
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Adam Knox
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Joseph D Irish
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Skye P Rounseville
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Sydney R Rummel
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Mohamed Mohamed
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kareem Ahmad
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Johnny M Trinh
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Deepali Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Kenneth S Knox
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Arizona College of Medicine-Phoenix, Phoenix, Arizona
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.,Birmingham VA Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Louise Hecker
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona.,Southern Arizona VA Health Care System, Tucson, Arizona
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33
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Brown KK, Martinez FJ, Walsh SLF, Thannickal VJ, Prasse A, Schlenker-Herceg R, Goeldner RG, Clerisme-Beaty E, Tetzlaff K, Cottin V, Wells AU. The natural history of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases. Eur Respir J 2020; 55:13993003.00085-2020. [PMID: 32217654 PMCID: PMC7315005 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00085-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
We used data from the INBUILD and INPULSIS trials to investigate the natural history of progressive fibrosing interstitial lung diseases (ILDs). Subjects in the two INPULSIS trials had a clinical diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) while subjects in the INBUILD trial had a progressive fibrosing ILD other than IPF and met protocol-defined criteria for ILD progression despite management. Using data from the placebo groups, we compared the rate of decline in forced vital capacity (FVC) (mL·year−1) and mortality over 52 weeks in the INBUILD trial with pooled data from the INPULSIS trials. The adjusted mean annual rate of decline in FVC in the INBUILD trial (n=331) was similar to that observed in the INPULSIS trials (n=423) (−192.9 mL·year−1 and −221.0 mL·year−1, respectively; nominal p-value=0.19). The proportion of subjects who had a relative decline in FVC >10% predicted at Week 52 was 48.9% in the INBUILD trial and 48.7% in the INPULSIS trials, and the proportion who died over 52 weeks was 5.1% in the INBUILD trial and 7.8% in the INPULSIS trials. A relative decline in FVC >10% predicted was associated with an increased risk of death in the INBUILD trial (hazard ratio 3.64) and the INPULSIS trials (hazard ratio 3.95). These findings indicate that patients with fibrosing ILDs other than IPF, who are progressing despite management, have a subsequent clinical course similar to patients with untreated IPF, with a high risk of further ILD progression and early mortality. Analyses of data from the INBUILD and INPULSIS trials suggest that progressive fibrosing ILDs other than IPF have a clinical course similar to IPF, irrespective of underlying ILD diagnosis or the fibrotic pattern on HRCThttp://bit.ly/3apG0Q5
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin K Brown
- Dept of Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
| | | | - Simon L F Walsh
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Antje Prasse
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, MHH Hannover Medical School and Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), Hannover, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Kay Tetzlaff
- Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Ingelheim am Rhein, Germany.,Dept of Sports Medicine, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Vincent Cottin
- National Reference Centre for Rare Pulmonary Diseases, Louis Pradel Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon, UMR 754, Claude Bernard University Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Athol U Wells
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London, UK.,National Institute for Health Research Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, Royal Brompton and Harefield NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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34
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Goliwas KF, Wang Y, Berry JL, Thannickal VJ, Donahue JM, Deshane JS. Abstract B23: Engineered three-dimensional lung tumor mimics maintain tissue heterogeneity allowing for investigation of tumor-stromal interactions. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.camodels2020-b23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment is a key regulator of tumor biology and response to therapeutic intervention, with intercellular communication between tumor and stromal cells known to regulate growth and progression. While two-dimensional cell culture is the most common method utilized for in vitro preclinical studies, it creates an artificial environment that does not take into account critical tissue components, including the tissue microenvironment (i.e., matrix proteins and stromal cell populations) and the three-dimensional tissue architecture/dimensionality. Recently, in vitro engineered tissues have been implemented as surrogates of human pathophysiology in biomedical and pharmaceutical research. Herein we utilize tissue engineering strategies to develop in vitro non-small cell lung tumor mimics that include key tissue components, including matrix proteins and stromal cell populations, utilizing patient-derived specimen. With the inclusion of stromal cell populations, these tumor mimics allow for evaluation of tumor-stromal interactions and could be utilized to determine the impact of these interactions on therapeutic response. Engineered tumor mimics were generated utilizing freshly isolated lung tumor specimen from consented patients undergoing surgical tumor resection. 5-mm-diameter tissue cores were produced and placed in a volume of extracellular matrix (ECM) within the bioreactor platform and maintained via a closed perfusion platform to provide nutrient circulation. Histologic and flow cytometric analyses were performed to evaluate cellular heterogeneity within the tumor mimics following culture. Primary human lung tumor specimens cultured ex vivo in the engineered tumor mimic platform maintain histologic architecture and representative cell populations, including endothelial cells (CD31+,10.46%), epithelial cells (EpCAM+,25.15%), fibroblasts (CD90+, 7.23%), CD8+ T cells (CD3+CD8+, 2.95%), and macrophages (CD14+CD64+CD11b+, 9.25%) following 14 days’ culture. Additionally, a tumor-promotive microenvironment is supported by this platform with maintenance of monocytic and granulocytic myeloid-derived suppressor cells (8.59% and 0.83 %, respectively) and tumor-promotive macrophages (M2 like, 81.3% of macrophages). Furthermore, the hypoxic biochemical microenvironment is recapitulated with carbonic anhydrase 9-positive cell populations maintained during culture. Moving forward, this platform will allow for extensive characterization of tumor-stromal interactions, response to therapeutic intervention, and therapeutic resistance in a patient-specific manner.
Citation Format: Kayla F. Goliwas, Yong Wang, Joel L. Berry, Victor J. Thannickal, James M. Donahue, Jessy S. Deshane. Engineered three-dimensional lung tumor mimics maintain tissue heterogeneity allowing for investigation of tumor-stromal interactions [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on the Evolving Landscape of Cancer Modeling; 2020 Mar 2-5; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(11 Suppl):Abstract nr B23.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yong Wang
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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Hough KP, Curtiss ML, Blain TJ, Liu RM, Trevor J, Deshane JS, Thannickal VJ. Airway Remodeling in Asthma. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:191. [PMID: 32509793 PMCID: PMC7253669 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Asthma is an inflammatory disease of the airways that may result from exposure to allergens or other environmental irritants, resulting in bronchoconstriction, wheezing, and shortness of breath. The structural changes of the airways associated with asthma, broadly referred to as airway remodeling, is a pathological feature of chronic asthma that contributes to the clinical manifestations of the disease. Airway remodeling in asthma constitutes cellular and extracellular matrix changes in the large and small airways, epithelial cell apoptosis, airway smooth muscle cell proliferation, and fibroblast activation. These pathological changes in the airway are orchestrated by crosstalk of different cell types within the airway wall and submucosa. Environmental exposures to dust, chemicals, and cigarette smoke can initiate the cascade of pro-inflammatory responses that trigger airway remodeling through paracrine signaling and mechanostimulatory cues that drive airway remodeling. In this review, we explore three integrated and dynamic processes in airway remodeling: (1) initiation by epithelial cells; (2) amplification by immune cells; and (3) mesenchymal effector functions. Furthermore, we explore the role of inflammaging in the dysregulated and persistent inflammatory response that perpetuates airway remodeling in elderly asthmatics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth P Hough
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Miranda L Curtiss
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Trevor J Blain
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jennifer Trevor
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1900 University Blvd, THT 541E, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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Wilson AC, Kumar PL, Lee S, Parker MM, Arora I, Morrow JD, Wouters EFM, Casaburi R, Rennard SI, Lomas DA, Agusti A, Tal-Singer R, Dransfield MT, Wells JM, Bhatt SP, Washko G, Thannickal VJ, Tiwari HK, Hersh CP, Castaldi PJ, Silverman EK, McDonald MLN. Heme metabolism genes Downregulated in COPD Cachexia. Respir Res 2020; 21:100. [PMID: 32354332 PMCID: PMC7193359 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01336-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cachexia contributes to increased mortality and reduced quality of life in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and may be associated with underlying gene expression changes. Our goal was to identify differential gene expression signatures associated with COPD cachexia in current and former smokers. METHODS We analyzed whole-blood gene expression data from participants with COPD in a discovery cohort (COPDGene, N = 400) and assessed replication (ECLIPSE, N = 114). To approximate the consensus definition using available criteria, cachexia was defined as weight-loss > 5% in the past 12 months or low body mass index (BMI) (< 20 kg/m2) and 1/3 criteria: decreased muscle strength (six-minute walk distance < 350 m), anemia (hemoglobin < 12 g/dl), and low fat-free mass index (FFMI) (< 15 kg/m2 among women and < 17 kg/m2 among men) in COPDGene. In ECLIPSE, cachexia was defined as weight-loss > 5% in the past 12 months or low BMI and 3/5 criteria: decreased muscle strength, anorexia, abnormal biochemistry (anemia or high c-reactive protein (> 5 mg/l)), fatigue, and low FFMI. Differential gene expression was assessed between cachectic and non-cachectic subjects, adjusting for age, sex, white blood cell counts, and technical covariates. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed using MSigDB. RESULTS The prevalence of COPD cachexia was 13.7% in COPDGene and 7.9% in ECLIPSE. Fourteen genes were differentially downregulated in cachectic versus non-cachectic COPD patients in COPDGene (FDR < 0.05) and ECLIPSE (FDR < 0.05). DISCUSSION Several replicated genes regulating heme metabolism were downregulated among participants with COPD cachexia. Impaired heme biosynthesis may contribute to cachexia development through free-iron buildup and oxidative tissue damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ava C Wilson
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Preeti L Kumar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Sool Lee
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Margaret M Parker
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Itika Arora
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Jarrett D Morrow
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emiel F M Wouters
- Centre of expertise for chronic organ failure, Horn, the Netherlands
| | - Richard Casaburi
- Rehabilitation Clinical Trials Center, Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Stephen I Rennard
- Department of Medicine, Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, USA
- BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - David A Lomas
- UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Alvar Agusti
- Fundació Investigació Sanitària Illes Balears (FISIB), Ciber Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
- Thorax Institute, Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mark T Dransfield
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - J Michael Wells
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Surya P Bhatt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - George Washko
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Craig P Hersh
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter J Castaldi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edwin K Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Merry-Lynn N McDonald
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Chanda D, Thannickal VJ. Modeling Fibrosis in Three-Dimensional Organoids Reveals New Epithelial Restraints on Fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 61:556-557. [PMID: 31091962 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0153ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Diptiman Chanda
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
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Vang S, Helton ES, Denson R, Thannickal VJ, Krick S, Barnes J. O‐GlcNAc Transferase Regulates Growth Factor Signaling and Extracellular Matrix Composition in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.07519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rangarajan S, Bagchi RA, Zmijewski JW, Eickelberg O, Thannickal VJ. Mitochondrial Uncoupling Protein‐2 Drives Fibroblast Senescence in Age‐Related Lung Fibrosis by Altering Bioenergetics and Reactive Oxygen Species. FASEB J 2020. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.2020.34.s1.05131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Rangarajan S, Thannickal VJ. Remember Me? The Bone Marrow in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2020; 200:959-960. [PMID: 31206314 PMCID: PMC6794115 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201906-1101ed] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sunad Rangarajan
- Division of Pulmonary Sciences and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Colorado Anschutz Medical CampusAurora, Coloradoand
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care MedicineUniversity of Alabama at BirminghamBirmingham, Alabama
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Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to various disease states as well as physiological aging. The lungs are uniquely exposed to a highly oxidizing environment and have evolved several mechanisms to attenuate oxidative stress. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related disorder that leads to architectural remodeling, impaired gas exchange, respiratory failure, and death. In this article, we discuss cellular sources of oxidant production, and antioxidant defenses, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic. We outline the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF and how oxidative stress contributes to fibrosis. Further, we link oxidative stress to the biology of aging that involves DNA damage responses, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We discuss the recent findings on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in specific fibrotic processes such as macrophage polarization and immunosenescence, alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and senescence, myofibroblast differentiation and senescence, and alterations in the acellular extracellular matrix. Finally, we provide an overview of the current preclinical studies and clinical trials targeting oxidative stress in fibrosis and potential new strategies for future therapeutic interventions. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:509-547, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Otoupalova
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sam Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Sgalla
- 1Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Tejaswini Kulkarni
- 2Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Danielle Antin-Ozerkis
- 3Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- 2Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Luca Richeldi
- 1Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
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Rana T, Jiang C, Liu G, Miyata T, Antony V, Thannickal VJ, Liu RM. PAI-1 Regulation of TGF-β1-induced Alveolar Type II Cell Senescence, SASP Secretion, and SASP-mediated Activation of Alveolar Macrophages. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 62:319-330. [PMID: 31513752 PMCID: PMC7055702 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0071oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Senescence of alveolar type II (ATII) cells, progenitors of the alveolar epithelium, is a pathological feature and contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Despite recognition of the importance of ATII cell senescence in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis pathogenesis, how ATII cell senescence is regulated and how senescent ATII cells contribute to lung fibrogenesis remain unclear. In this study, we show that TGF-β1 (transforming growth factor-β1), a most ubiquitous and potent profibrotic cytokine, induces plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1), a cell senescence and fibrosis mediator, and p16 as well as senescence, but not apoptosis, in primary mouse ATII cells. We also found that senescent ATII cells secrete various cytokines and chemokines, including IL-4 and IL-13, which stimulate the expression of genes associated with a profibrotic phenotype in alveolar macrophages. Similar responses were also observed in TGF-β1-treated rat ATII (L2) and rat macrophage NR8383 cells. Deletion of PAI-1 or inhibition of PAI-1 activity with a small molecule PAI-1 inhibitor, however, blocks TGF-β1-induced senescence as well as a senescence-associated secretory phenotype in ATII and L2 cells and, consequently, the stimulatory effects of the conditioned medium from senescent ATII/L2 cells on macrophages. Moreover, we show that silencing p16 ameliorates PAI-1 protein-induced ATII cell senescence and secretion of profibrotic mediators. Our data suggest that PAI-1 mediates TGF-β1-induced ATII cell senescence and secretion of profibrotic mediators through inducing p16, and they also suggest that senescent ATII cells contribute to lung fibrogenesis in part by activating alveolar macrophages through secreting profibrotic and proinflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Rana
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Toshio Miyata
- United Centers for Advanced Research and Translational Medicine, Tohoku University, Tohoku, Japan
| | - Veena Antony
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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Abstract
There is a growing recognition that aging is a risk factor for fibrosis that affects a number of organ systems, including the lung. Despite this understanding, most studies of experimental fibrosis have been conducted in young mice that typically resolve injury-induced lung fibrosis over the course of several months. Our studies demonstrate that aged mouse models may recapitulate human disease by generating a more persistent fibrotic response to injury. This is, in part, due to an imbalance in the expression and activity of NADPH oxidase (NOX) enzymes, in particular the NOX4 isoform, and a related deficiency in antioxidant responses in pathogenic myofibroblasts. These pathogenic myofibroblasts acquire features of cellular senescence and become resistant to apoptosis. In this chapter, we present methods and procedures to apply the aging model of lung fibrosis in mice that will allow interrogation of myofibroblast functions and the expression and activity of NOX4 in cells. We provide recommendations for best laboratory practices to assess the severity and resolution of fibrosis in murine models of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen Bernard
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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Chanda D, Otoupalova E, Hough KP, Locy ML, Bernard K, Deshane JS, Sanderson RD, Mobley JA, Thannickal VJ. Fibronectin on the Surface of Extracellular Vesicles Mediates Fibroblast Invasion. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:279-288. [PMID: 30321056 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0062oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are endosome and plasma membrane-derived nano-sized vesicles that participate in intercellular signaling. Although EV cargo may signal via multiple mechanisms, how signaling components on the surface of EVs mediate cellular signaling is less well understood. In this study, we show that fibroblast-derived EVs carry fibronectin on the vesicular surface, as evidenced by mass spectrometry-based proteomics (Sequential Window Acquisition of all Theoretical Mass Spectra) and flow-cytometric analyses. Fibroblasts undergoing replicative senescence or transforming growth factor β1-induced senescence and fibroblasts isolated from human subjects with an age-related lung disorder, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, secreted higher numbers of EVs than their respective controls. Fibroblast-derived EVs induced an invasive phenotype in recipient fibroblasts. This invasive fibroblast phenotype was dependent on EV surface localization of fibronectin, interaction with the fibronectin receptor α5β1 integrin, and activation of invasion-associated signaling pathways involving focal adhesion kinase and Src family kinases. EVs in the cellular supernatant, unbound to the extracellular matrix, were capable of mediating invasion signaling on recipient fibroblasts, supporting a direct interaction of EV surface fibronectin with the plasma membrane of recipient cells. Together, these studies uncover a novel mechanism of EV signaling of fibroblast invasion that may be relevant in the pathogenesis of fibrotic diseases and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diptiman Chanda
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - Kenneth P Hough
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Morgan L Locy
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Karen Bernard
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | - Jessy S Deshane
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
| | | | - James A Mobley
- 4 Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- 1 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine
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Kulkarni T, Kurundkar AR, Kim YI, de Andrade J, Luckhardt T, Thannickal VJ. The senescence-associated matricellular protein CCN1 in plasma of human subjects with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Respir Med 2019; 161:105821. [PMID: 31765873 DOI: 10.1016/j.rmed.2019.105821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cellular senescence has been linked to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). CCN1 is a matricellular protein that has been shown to induce cellular senescence and contribute to lung fibrosis in pre-clinical models. In this report, we determined plasma CCN1 levels in patients with IPF and its potential role in clinical outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated 88 patients diagnosed with IPF at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. CCN1 levels were measured in plasma specimens by ELISA. The primary outcome measure was transplant-free survival (TFS) duration. High-CCN1 levels were associated with a lower transplant-free survival independent of %FVC and %DLCO compared to patients with low plasma CCN1 (HR = 2.15; 95%CI 1.04-4.45, p = 0.04). CONCLUSION This study demonstrates that plasma levels of CCN1 may be predictive of survival in IPF. Given the plausible role of CCN1 in cellular senescence and pathobiology of IPF, the predictive value of CCN1 in disease progression among patients with IPF warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tejaswini Kulkarni
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Ashish R Kurundkar
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Young-Il Kim
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Division of Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Joao de Andrade
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tracy Luckhardt
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Bai L, Bernard K, Tang X, Hu M, Horowitz JC, Thannickal VJ, Sanders YY. Glutaminolysis Epigenetically Regulates Antiapoptotic Gene Expression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Fibroblasts. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 60:49-57. [PMID: 30130138 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2018-0180oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibrotic responses involve multiple cellular processes, including epigenetic changes. Epigenetic changes are sensitive to alterations in the tissue microenvironment such as the flux of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites. TCA metabolites directly regulate epigenetic states, in part by regulating histone modification-related enzymes. Glutaminolysis is a critical metabolic process by which glutamine is converted to glutamate by glutaminase and then to α-ketoglutarate (α-KG), a TCA cycle metabolite. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a disease characterized by aberrant metabolism, including enhanced glutaminolysis. IPF fibroblasts are apoptosis resistant. In this study, we explored the relationship between glutaminolysis and the resistance to apoptosis of IPF fibroblasts. Inhibition of glutaminolysis decreased expression of XIAP and survivin, members of the inhibitor of apoptosis protein (IAP) family. α-KG is a cofactor for JMJD3 histone demethylase, which targets H3K27me3. In the absence of glutamine, JMJD3 activity in fibroblasts is significantly decreased, whereas H3K27me3 levels are increased. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that JMJD3 directly interacts with XIAP and survivin promoter regions in a glutamine-dependent manner. Exogenous α-KG partially restores JMJD3 function and its interaction with the XIAP and survivin promoter regions under glutamine-deficient conditions. Interestingly, α-KG upregulates XIAP, but not survivin, suggesting differential α-KG-dependent and -independent mechanisms by which glutamine regulates these IAPs. Our data demonstrate a novel mechanism of metabolic regulation in which glutaminolysis promotes apoptosis resistance of IPF fibroblasts through epigenetic regulation of XIAP and survivin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Bai
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China.,2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Karen Bernard
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Xuebo Tang
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Min Hu
- 1 Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jeffrey C Horowitz
- 3 Division of Pulmonary, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
| | - Yan Y Sanders
- 2 Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama; and
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Y Sanders
- 1 Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- 1 Department of Medicine University of Alabama at Birmingham Birmingham, Alabama
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He C, Larson-Casey JL, Davis D, Hanumanthu VS, Longhini ALF, Thannickal VJ, Gu L, Carter AB. NOX4 modulates macrophage phenotype and mitochondrial biogenesis in asbestosis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:126551. [PMID: 31434799 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophage activation is implicated in the development of pulmonary fibrosis by generation of profibrotic molecules. Although NADPH oxidase 4 (NOX4) is known to contribute to pulmonary fibrosis, its effects on macrophage activation and mitochondrial redox signaling are unclear. Here, we show that NOX4 is crucial for lung macrophage profibrotic polarization and fibrotic repair after asbestos exposure. NOX4 was elevated in lung macrophages from subjects with asbestosis, and mice harboring a deletion of NOX4 in lung macrophages were protected from asbestos-induced fibrosis. NOX4 promoted lung macrophage profibrotic polarization and increased production of profibrotic molecules that induce collagen deposition. Mechanistically, NOX4 further augmented mitochondrial ROS production and induced mitochondrial biogenesis. Targeting redox signaling and mitochondrial biogenesis prevented the profibrotic polarization of lung macrophages by reducing the production of profibrotic molecules. These observations provide evidence that macrophage NOX4 is a potentially novel therapeutic target to halt the development of asbestos-induced pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao He
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | | | - Dana Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - Vidya Sagar Hanumanthu
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Ana Leda F Longhini
- Division of Clinical Immunology and Rheumatology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and.,Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Linlin Gu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and
| | - A Brent Carter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, and.,Birmingham Veterans Administration Medical Center, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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