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Käshammer L, van den Ent F, Jeffery M, Jean NL, Hale VL, Löwe J. Cryo-EM structure of the bacterial divisome core complex and antibiotic target FtsWIQBL. Nat Microbiol 2023:10.1038/s41564-023-01368-0. [PMID: 37127704 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01368-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In most bacteria, cell division relies on the synthesis of new cell wall material by the multiprotein divisome complex. Thus, at the core of the divisome are the transglycosylase FtsW, which synthesises peptidoglycan strands from its substrate Lipid II, and the transpeptidase FtsI that cross-links these strands to form a mesh, shaping and protecting the bacterial cell. The FtsQ-FtsB-FtsL trimeric complex interacts with the FtsWI complex and is involved in regulating its enzymatic activities; however, the structure of this pentameric complex is unknown. Here, we present the cryogenic electron microscopy structure of the FtsWIQBL complex from Pseudomonas aeruginosa at 3.7 Å resolution. Our work reveals intricate structural details, including an extended coiled coil formed by FtsL and FtsB and the periplasmic interaction site between FtsL and FtsI. Our structure explains the consequences of previously reported mutations and we postulate a possible activation mechanism involving a large conformational change in the periplasmic domain. As FtsWIQBL is central to the divisome, our structure is foundational for the design of future experiments elucidating the precise mechanism of bacterial cell division, an important antibiotic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Käshammer
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Magnus Jeffery
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nicolas L Jean
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Victoria L Hale
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jan Löwe
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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Fan J, Hale VL, Lelieveld LT, Whitworth LJ, Busch-Nentwich EM, Troll M, Edelstein PH, Cox TM, Roca FJ, Aerts JMFG, Ramakrishnan L. Gaucher disease protects against tuberculosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2217673120. [PMID: 36745788 PMCID: PMC7614233 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2217673120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biallelic mutations in the glucocerebrosidase (GBA1) gene cause Gaucher disease, characterized by lysosomal accumulation of glucosylceramide and glucosylsphingosine in macrophages. Gaucher and other lysosomal diseases occur with high frequency in Ashkenazi Jews. It has been proposed that the underlying mutations confer a selective advantage, in particular conferring protection against tuberculosis. Here, using a zebrafish Gaucher disease model, we find that the mutation GBA1 N370S, predominant among Ashkenazi Jews, increases resistance to tuberculosis through the microbicidal activity of glucosylsphingosine in macrophage lysosomes. Consistent with lysosomal accumulation occurring only in homozygotes, heterozygotes remain susceptible to tuberculosis. Thus, our findings reveal a mechanistic basis for protection against tuberculosis by GBA1 N370S and provide biological plausibility for its selection if the relatively mild deleterious effects in homozygotes were offset by significant protection against tuberculosis, a rampant killer of the young in Europe through the Middle Ages into the 19th century.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingwen Fan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
| | | | - Lindsey T. Lelieveld
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. Whitworth
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
| | - Elisabeth M. Busch-Nentwich
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- School of Biological and Behavioral Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, LondonE1 4NS, UK
| | - Mark Troll
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
| | - Paul H. Edelstein
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, PhiladelphiaPA19104
| | - Timothy M. Cox
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Francisco J. Roca
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology B and Immunology, University of Murcia, Murcia30120, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia Pascual Parrilla (IMIB-Arrixaca), Murcia30120, Spain
| | - Johannes M. F. G. Aerts
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Leiden Institute of Chemistry, Leiden University2333 CC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lalita Ramakrishnan
- Molecular Immunity Unit, Cambridge Institute of Therapeutic Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, CambridgeCB2 0QH, UK
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Deng X, Gonzalez Llamazares A, Wagstaff JM, Hale VL, Cannone G, McLaughlin SH, Kureisaite-Ciziene D, Löwe J. The structure of bactofilin filaments reveals their mode of membrane binding and lack of polarity. Nat Microbiol 2019; 4:2357-2368. [PMID: 31501539 PMCID: PMC6881188 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-019-0544-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 07/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Bactofilins are small β-helical proteins that form cytoskeletal filaments in a range of bacteria. Bactofilins have diverse functions, from cell stalk formation in Caulobacter crescentus to chromosome segregation and motility in Myxococcus xanthus. However, the precise molecular architecture of bactofilin filaments has remained unclear. Here, sequence analysis and electron microscopy results reveal that, in addition to being widely distributed across bacteria and archaea, bactofilins are also present in a few eukaryotic lineages such as the Oomycetes. Electron cryomicroscopy analysis demonstrated that the sole bactofilin from Thermus thermophilus (TtBac) forms constitutive filaments that polymerize through end-to-end association of the β-helical domains. Using a nanobody, we determined the near-atomic filament structure, showing that the filaments are non-polar. A polymerization-impairing mutation enabled crystallization and structure determination, while reaffirming the lack of polarity and the strength of the β-stacking interface. To confirm the generality of the lack of polarity, we performed coevolutionary analysis on a large set of sequences. Finally, we determined that the widely conserved N-terminal disordered tail of TtBac is responsible for direct binding to lipid membranes, both on liposomes and in Escherichia coli cells. Membrane binding is probably a common feature of these widespread but only recently discovered filaments of the prokaryotic cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Deng
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jan Löwe
- MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge, UK.
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Thomas JA, Tan MSY, Bisson C, Borg A, Umrekar TR, Hackett F, Hale VL, Vizcay-Barrena G, Fleck RA, Snijders AP, Saibil HR, Blackman MJ. Publisher Correction: A protease cascade regulates release of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum from host red blood cells. Nat Microbiol 2018; 3:523. [PMID: 29511275 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-018-0134-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In the version of this Letter originally published, Michele S. Y. Tan was incorrectly listed as Michele Y. S. Tan due to a technical error. This has now been amended in all online versions of the Letter.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Thomas
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Michele S Y Tan
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Claudine Bisson
- Crystallography, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Aaron Borg
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Trishant R Umrekar
- Crystallography, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Fiona Hackett
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Victoria L Hale
- Crystallography, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK.,MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, London, UK
| | - Ambrosius P Snijders
- Protein Analysis and Proteomics Platform, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Helen R Saibil
- Crystallography, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, UK
| | - Michael J Blackman
- Malaria Biochemistry Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK. .,Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
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Hale VL, Watermeyer JM, Hackett F, Vizcay-Barrena G, van Ooij C, Thomas JA, Spink MC, Harkiolaki M, Duke E, Fleck RA, Blackman MJ, Saibil HR. Parasitophorous vacuole poration precedes its rupture and rapid host erythrocyte cytoskeleton collapse in Plasmodium falciparum egress. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:3439-3444. [PMID: 28292906 PMCID: PMC5380091 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1619441114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In the asexual blood stages of malarial infection, merozoites invade erythrocytes and replicate within a parasitophorous vacuole to form daughter cells that eventually exit (egress) by sequential rupture of the vacuole and erythrocyte membranes. The current model is that PKG, a malarial cGMP-dependent protein kinase, triggers egress, activating malarial proteases and other effectors. Using selective inhibitors of either PKG or cysteine proteases to separately inhibit the sequential steps in membrane perforation, combined with video microscopy, electron tomography, electron energy loss spectroscopy, and soft X-ray tomography of mature intracellular Plasmodium falciparum parasites, we resolve intermediate steps in egress. We show that the parasitophorous vacuole membrane (PVM) is permeabilized 10-30 min before its PKG-triggered breakdown into multilayered vesicles. Just before PVM breakdown, the host red cell undergoes an abrupt, dramatic shape change due to the sudden breakdown of the erythrocyte cytoskeleton, before permeabilization and eventual rupture of the erythrocyte membrane to release the parasites. In contrast to the previous view of PKG-triggered initiation of egress and a gradual dismantling of the host erythrocyte cytoskeleton over the course of schizont development, our findings identify an initial step in egress and show that host cell cytoskeleton breakdown is restricted to a narrow time window within the final stages of egress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria L Hale
- Crystallography, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Jean M Watermeyer
- Crystallography, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
| | - Fiona Hackett
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | - Gema Vizcay-Barrena
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | | | - James A Thomas
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Roland A Fleck
- Centre for Ultrastructural Imaging, Kings College London, London, SE1 9RT, United Kingdom
| | - Michael J Blackman
- Francis Crick Institute, London, NW1 1AT, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1E 7HT, United Kingdom
| | - Helen R Saibil
- Crystallography, Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, Birkbeck College, London, WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom;
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Muirhead RJ, Hale VL. Cervical flexor strength. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 1992; 73:694-5. [PMID: 1622328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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