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O'Donnell MB, Scott SR, Ellisor BM, Cao VT, Zhou C, Bradford MC, Pihoker C, DeSalvo DJ, Malik FS, Hilliard ME, Rosenberg AR, Yi-Frazier JP. Protocol for the Promoting Resilience in Stress Management (PRISM) intervention: A multi-site randomized controlled trial for adolescents with type 1 diabetes. Contemp Clin Trials 2023; 124:107017. [PMID: 36410689 PMCID: PMC9839528 DOI: 10.1016/j.cct.2022.107017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are at high risk for elevated diabetes distress, which greatly impacts diabetes management, glycemic outcomes and overall quality of life. Developing protective skills and "resilience resources" to navigate adversity and manage diabetes distress has high potential to help adolescents with T1D achieve optimal behavioral, psychological, and health outcomes. The "Promoting Resilience in Stress Management" (PRISM) program is a manualized, brief, skills-based intervention delivered over 6 months via two 45-60 min one-on-one sessions and a family meeting with a PRISM coach, and supplemented by booster calls and a digital app. This trial (PRISM versus usual care)is designed to:: (1) assess PRISM's impact on glycemic outcomes and diabetes distress among adolescents with T1D, and (2) explor PRISM's impact on resilience, self-reported adherence, and quality of life. METHODS We describe the protocol for a multi-site randomized controlled trial designed for adolescents ages 13-18 with elevated diabetes distress. The primary trial outcomes are glycemic outcomes and diabetes distress 6 months post-randomization. Secondary outcomes include resilience, self-reported adherence, and QOL 6 months post-randomization. Our hypothesis is that youth in the PRISM group will demonstrate better glycemic outcomes and improved diabetes distress, adherence, resilience, and QOL compared to usual care. CONCLUSIONS This study will provide methodologically rigorous data and evidence regarding a novel intervention to promote resilience among adolescents with T1D and elevated diabetes distress. This research has the potential to offer a practical, skills-based curriculum designed to improve outcomes for this high-risk group. TRIAL REGISTRATION Prospectively registered at Clinicaltrials.gov (NCT03847194).
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve B O'Donnell
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America; University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes/Endocrinology, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Samantha R Scott
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States of America
| | - Britney M Ellisor
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Viena T Cao
- Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America; University of Washington, School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Miranda C Bradford
- Core for Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Analytics for Research (BEAR) Core, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Catherine Pihoker
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes/Endocrinology, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Daniel J DeSalvo
- Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Faisal S Malik
- University of Washington School of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes/Endocrinology, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Texas Children's Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Houston, TX, United States of America
| | - Abby R Rosenberg
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America; Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States of America
| | - Joyce P Yi-Frazier
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Center for Clinical & Translational Research, Seattle, WA, United States of America.
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Taraban L, Wasserman R, Cao VT, Eshtehardi SS, Anderson BJ, Thompson D, Marrero DG, Hilliard ME. Diabetes-Related Worries and Coping Among Youth and Young Adults With Type 1 Diabetes. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:1145-1155. [PMID: 35773974 PMCID: PMC9582784 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although mood and anxiety symptoms are common in youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), little research has described their worries across developmental stages or the strategies they use to cope with these worries. This secondary data analysis aimed to describe and characterize common T1D-related worries and coping strategies from middle childhood through young adulthood. METHODS Twenty-three youth (9 children, 7 adolescents, and 7 young adults) completed semistructured qualitative interviews about health-related quality of life. We coded interview transcripts using thematic analysis to generate common themes of diabetes-related worries and coping strategies. RESULTS Participants' worries fell into four major themes: Managing Blood Glucose, Self-Efficacy for Diabetes Management, Interpersonal Relationships, and Lifestyle Impact, and eight youth denied having diabetes-related worries. Coping strategies fell into the three major themes: Attempts to Change Source of Worry, Attempts to Change Reactions to Worry, and Attempts to Orient Away from the Worry. CONCLUSIONS Youths' worries about various aspects of living with and feeling able to self-manage diabetes are important to consider across pediatric development as they can impact youths' participation in daily activities and future plans. By adolescence, youth report longer-term worries about the health and lifestyle implications of diabetes. Youths' reported coping strategies are generally consistent with existing coping frameworks, though our data suggest some possible refinements. Social support emerged as an important coping strategy for all age groups. Thus, interventions supporting youth in building and strengthening their social networks may be particularly beneficial in helping youth cope with their diabetes-related worries across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay Taraban
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, USA
| | - Rachel Wasserman
- Nemours Children’s Health and University of Central Florida College of Medicine, USA
| | - Viena T Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, USA
| | - Sahar S Eshtehardi
- Department of Psychological Health and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, USA
| | - Barbara J Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, USA
| | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children’s Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine, USA
| | | | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children’s Hospital, USA
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Carreon SA, Cao VT, Anderson BJ, Thompson DI, Marrero DG, Hilliard ME. 'I don't sleep through the night': Qualitative study of sleep in type 1 diabetes. Diabet Med 2022; 39:e14763. [PMID: 34875120 DOI: 10.1111/dme.14763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) experience greater sleep disturbances than people without diabetes. However, the nature, causes and effects of sleep disruption in individuals with T1D and their family are not well understood. The purpose of this study was to explore and characterise the perspectives of parents, partners and individuals with diabetes about T1D-related sleep issues. METHODS Participants included 44 youth and adults with T1D (ages 9-69), 24 parents of youth with T1D, and 14 partners of adults with T1D, recruited from diabetes clinics at two academic medical centres in the Southwestern and Midwestern United States. Semi-structured qualitative interviews were transcribed verbatim, coded and analysed using hybrid thematic analysis. RESULTS We identified two central themes: Emotional Distress and Sleep Disruption. Each theme had multiple subthemes, and the two central themes were related to one another via a shared subtheme, Worry Impacting Sleep. CONCLUSIONS Complex T1D-related emotional and behavioural factors both contributed to and resulted from sleep difficulties. Diabetes care providers should routinely assess for sleep concerns in people with T1D and their parents and partners. It may be important to consider both diabetes-related causes of sleep disruptions and potential impacts on self management and emotional functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha A Carreon
- Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Viena T Cao
- Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara J Anderson
- Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Deborah I Thompson
- Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Baylor College of Medicine & Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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O’Donnell MB, Hilliard ME, Cao VT, Bradford MC, Barton KS, Hurtado S, Duran B, Perez SG, Rahman KS, Scott S, Malik FS, DeSalvo DJ, Pihoker C, Zhou C, Rosenberg AR, Yi-Frazier JP. “It Just Kind of Feels Like a Different World Now:” Stress and Resilience for Adolescents With Type 1 Diabetes in the Era of COVID-19. Front Clin Diabetes Healthc 2022; 3:835739. [PMID: 36992786 PMCID: PMC10012077 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2022.835739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PurposeThe COVID-19 pandemic has been a major stressor for adolescents. Given the unique implications of the pandemic for youth with type 1 diabetes (T1D), who already navigate multiple stressors as a function of their chronic condition, we aimed to describe the impact of the pandemic on adolescents with T1D and describe their coping strategies and resilience resources.Research MethodIn a 2-site (Seattle WA, Houston TX) clinical trial of a psychosocial intervention targeting stress/resilience, adolescents 13-18 years old with T1D ≥ 1 year and elevated diabetes distress were enrolled August 2020 – June 2021. Participants completed a baseline survey about the pandemic, including open-ended questions about the effects of the pandemic, what was helping them navigate, and how it impacted T1D management. Hemoglobin A1c (A1c) was extracted from clinical records. Free text responses were analyzed using an inductive content approach. Survey responses and A1c were summarized using descriptive statistics and associations were assessed by Chi-squared tests.ResultsAdolescents (n=122) were 56% female. 11% of adolescents reported diagnosis of COVID-19 and 12% had a family member/other important person die from COVID-19 complications. Adolescents described Social Relationships, Personal Health/Safety Practices, Mental Health, Family Relationships, and School to be primary areas affected by COVID-19. Helpful resources included: Learned Skills/Behaviors, Social Support/Community, and Meaning-Making/Faith. Among participants indicating that the pandemic had an impact on their T1D management (n=35), the most commonly described areas were: Food, Self-Care, Health/Safety, Diabetes Appointments, and Exercise. Compared to adolescents who reported minimal difficulty managing T1D during the pandemic (71%), those reporting moderate to extreme difficulty (29%) were more likely to have A1C ≥ 8% (80% vs. 43%, p<.01).ConclusionsResults underscore the pervasive impact of COVID-19 on teens with T1D across multiple major life domains. Their coping strategies aligned with stress, coping, and resilience theories and suggest resilient responses in the face of stress. Despite experiencing pandemic-related stressors in many areas, diabetes-related functioning was relatively protected for most teens, highlighting their diabetes-specific resilience. Discussing the pandemic impact on T1D management may be an important focus for clinicians, especially for adolescents with diabetes distress and above-target A1C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maeve B. O’Donnell
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes/Endocrinology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Marisa E. Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Viena T. Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Miranda C. Bradford
- Core for Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Analytics for Research (BEAR) Core, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Krysta S. Barton
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Core for Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Analytics for Research (BEAR) Core, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Samantha Hurtado
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Brenda Duran
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Samantha Garcia Perez
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Kiswa S. Rahman
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Samantha Scott
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Denver, Denver, CO, United States
| | - Faisal S. Malik
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes/Endocrinology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Daniel J. DeSalvo
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Children’s Hospital and Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Catherine Pihoker
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Diabetes/Endocrinology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Chuan Zhou
- Center for Child Health, Behavior, and Development, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of General Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Abby R. Rosenberg
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Joyce P. Yi-Frazier
- Palliative Care and Resilience Lab, Center for Clinical and Translational Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, WA, United States
- *Correspondence: Joyce P. Yi-Frazier,
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Hilliard ME, Marrero DG, Minard CG, Cao VT, de Wit M, DuBose SN, Verdejo A, Jaser SS, Kruger D, Monzavi R, Shah VN, Wadwa RP, Weinstock RS, Thompson D, Anderson BJ. Corrigendum to "Design and psychometrics for new measures of health-related quality of life in adults with type 1 diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes and Life (T1DAL)" [Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice 174 (2021) 108537]. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 178:108971. [PMID: 34344519 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2021.108971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
| | | | - Charles G Minard
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Viena T Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Maartje de Wit
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sarah S Jaser
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Davida Kruger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Roshanak Monzavi
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Viral N Shah
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - R Paul Wadwa
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Ruth S Weinstock
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, USA
| | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara J Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
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Hilliard ME, Minard CG, Marrero DG, de Wit M, DuBose SN, Verdejo A, Jaser SS, Kruger D, Monzavi R, Shah VN, Wadwa RP, Weinstock RS, Thompson D, Cao VT, Anderson BJ. Health-related quality of life in parents and partners of people with type 1 diabetes: Development and validation of type 1 diabetes and life (T1DAL) measures. Fam Syst Health 2021; 39:234-247. [PMID: 33900103 PMCID: PMC8376806 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite the significant impact of type 1 diabetes (T1D) on family, few instruments are available to assess health-related quality of life (HRQOL) among family members of people with T1D. This study aimed to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of new measures of diabetes-specific HRQOL for parents and partners of people with T1D. We report on the multistep development and validation process for the self-report Type 1 Diabetes and Life (T1DAL) measures, with versions for parents of youth age <8, 8-11, 12-17, and 18-25 years, and for partners of people age ≥18 years with T1D. METHOD First, we conducted qualitative interviews (total parents/partners n = 38) to develop draft measures and piloted them (total n = 20). Next, we tested the measures' psychometric properties. Participants (total across versions n = 813) at six T1D Exchange Clinic Network sites completed the appropriate T1DAL measure and validated measures of related constructs. We then reduced each T1DAL measure to 20-30 items in length based on psychometric data and participant feedback. Eleven participants reviewed the final measures via cognitive debriefing. RESULTS The T1DAL measures for parents and partners demonstrated good internal consistency (α = .80-.88) and test-retest reliability (r = .73-.86). Correlations with measures of general quality of life, generic and diabetes-specific HRQOL, and diabetes burden demonstrated construct validity. Factor analyses identified 3-4 subscales/measure. Participants reported being satisfied with the shortened measures, which took 5-10 minutes to complete. DISCUSSION The new T1DAL measures for parents and partners of people with T1D are reliable, valid, and ready for use in research and clinical settings. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Davida Kruger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders
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Cao VT, Anderson BJ, Eshtehardi SS, McKinney BM, Thompson DI, Marrero DG, Hilliard ME. "We are a family with diabetes": Parent perspectives on siblings of youth with type 1 diabetes. Fam Syst Health 2021; 39:306-315. [PMID: 34410773 DOI: 10.1037/fsh0000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Having a child with type 1 diabetes (T1D) impacts the entire family system. Parental distress and burden have been well studied, but other family members, including siblings, have received little attention. Based on research about family life and sibling experiences in other chronic condition populations (e.g., autism, cancer), we expected parents of youth with T1D would report that siblings participated in T1D management and that T1D had a psychological impact on siblings. As part of a larger qualitative study, parents of youth with T1D age 5-17 (M = 10.8 ± 3.6 years) participated in semistructured interviews about T1D-specific health-related quality of life. For this study, we conducted secondary analyses on transcripts from 20 parents (95% mothers) from households with at least 1 sibling of the child with T1D. Three themes emerged: (a) siblings share the workload and help with T1D management, (b) T1D takes an emotional toll on siblings, and (c) parents feel guilty about prioritizing T1D over siblings' needs and desires. Parents recognized siblings have impactful roles in T1D management and family functioning. Future research into these themes can guide clinical and research efforts to develop sibling-inclusive resources and interventions for families with T1D. Enhancing family-focused interventions to recognize and support the needs of siblings may ultimately improve family T1D-related quality of life. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Viena T Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital
| | - Barbara J Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital
| | - Sahar S Eshtehardi
- Department of Psychological, Health, & Learning Sciences, University of Houston
| | - Brett M McKinney
- Diabetes Translational Research Center, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | - Deborah I Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Baylor College of Medicine
| | | | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital
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Hilliard ME, Marrero DG, Minard CG, Cao VT, de Wit M, DuBose SN, Verdejo A, Jaser SS, Kruger D, Monzavi R, Shah VN, Wadwa RP, Weinstock RS, Thompson D, Anderson BJ. Design and psychometrics for new measures of health-related quality of life in adults with type 1 diabetes: Type 1 Diabetes and Life (T1DAL). Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2021; 174:108537. [PMID: 33189791 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 10/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To use a three-phase process to develop and validate new self-report measures of diabetes-specific health-related quality of life (HRQOL) for adults with type 1 diabetes. We report on four versions of the Type 1 Diabetes and Life (T1DAL) measure for people age 18-25, 26-45, 46-60, and over 60 years. METHODS We first conducted qualitative interviews to guide measure creation, then piloted the draft measures. We evaluated psychometric properties at six T1D Exchange Clinic Network sites via completion of T1DAL and validated measures of related constructs. Participants completed the T1DAL again in 4-6 weeks. We used psychometric data to reduce each measure to 23-27 items in length. Finally, we obtained participant feedback on the final measures. RESULTS The T1DAL-Adult measures demonstrated good internal consistency (α = 0.85-0.88) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.77-0.87). Significant correlations with measures of general quality of life, generic and diabetes-specific HRQOL, diabetes burden, self-management, and glycemic control demonstrated validity. Factor analyses yielded 4-5 subscales per measure. Participants were satisfied with the final measures and reported they took 5-10 min to complete. CONCLUSIONS The strong psychometric properties of the newly developed self-report T1DAL measures for adults with type 1 diabetes make them appropriate for use in clinical research and care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States.
| | - David G Marrero
- University of Arizona Health Sciences, Tucson AZ, United States
| | - Charles G Minard
- Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Viena T Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Maartje de Wit
- Department of Medical Psychology, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Sarah S Jaser
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Davida Kruger
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Bone and Mineral Disorders, Henry Ford Medical Center, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Roshanak Monzavi
- Center for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital Los Angeles and Keck School of Medicine of University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Viral N Shah
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - R Paul Wadwa
- Barbara Davis Center for Diabetes, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
| | - Ruth S Weinstock
- Department of Medicine, SUNY Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY, United States
| | - Debbe Thompson
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Barbara J Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
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Skedgell KK, Cao VT, Gallagher KA, Anderson BJ, Hilliard ME. Defining features of diabetes resilience in emerging adults with type 1 diabetes. Pediatr Diabetes 2021; 22:345-353. [PMID: 33034097 DOI: 10.1111/pedi.13136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging adulthood presents unique challenges for type 1 diabetes (T1D) management. Barriers to achieving optimal diabetes outcomes have been studied but less is known about how emerging adults overcome these challenges. Characterizing emerging adults' protective factors may help guide T1D care during this developmental period. We anticipated identifying social, cognitive, and behavioral protective factors and were open to additional themes. METHODS We analyzed transcripts from semi-structured qualitative interviews with 62 emerging adults (age 18-24 years) with T1D using hybrid thematic analysis. Interviews queried about participants' perspectives on diabetes management challenges, how they overcome challenges, and diabetes resilience. RESULTS We categorized responses into three types of protective factors: (a) Social: Interpersonal strategies such as obtaining tangible support (especially from parents) and emotional support from friends, medical professionals, and community leaders. (b) Cognitive: Believing one can live a "normal" life with T1D, benefit-finding, and viewing diabetes management as an important part of life. (c) Behavioral: Proactively planning for diabetes challenges, maintaining a consistent routine while allowing for flexibility, balancing diabetes and non-diabetes activities, and using diabetes-specific and general technologies to support self-management. CONCLUSIONS The adaptive approaches emerging adults with T1D use to handle the challenges of diabetes include seeking interpersonal support, managing their thoughts about T1D, and taking specific actions to prevent or resolve challenges. Helping emerging adults identify and strengthen their protective factors has potential to affect clinical outcomes. Strengths-based assessment and clinical attention to protective factors may prepare adolescents to successfully manage the challenges of transition to adult care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyleigh K Skedgell
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Viena T Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Katherine A Gallagher
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara J Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Marisa E Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Hilliard ME, Cao VT, Eshtehardi SS, Minard CG, Saber R, Thompson D, Karaviti LP, Anderson BJ. Type 1 Doing Well: Pilot Feasibility and Acceptability Study of a Strengths-Based mHealth App for Parents of Adolescents with Type 1 Diabetes. Diabetes Technol Ther 2020; 22:835-845. [PMID: 32379496 PMCID: PMC7698853 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2020.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Background: We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of a pilot behavioral intervention delivered to parents of adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D) via mobile-friendly web app. The Type 1 Doing Well app aimed to promote supportive family diabetes management by helping parents recognize and reinforce teens' positive diabetes-related behaviors ("strengths"). Methods: Parents (n = 80, 74% recruitment) of adolescents (age range = 12-17 years, M = 15.3 ± 1.5 years, 59% female, 56% insulin pump, M hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) = 9.0% ± 2.1%) were randomized 2:1 to intervention or control (i.e., usual medical care with or without app) for 3-4 months between diabetes appointments. The app prompted parents daily to track adolescents' strengths and generated weekly summaries of their teen's top strengths. Parents could access a library of text messages to praise their teens. Exploratory pre/post data included questionnaires (98% completed) and HbA1c. Results: Parents used the app for M = 106.1 ± 37.1 days, logging in ≥once/day on 80% of days. Ninety-one percent of parents used the app ≥2 days/week on average. Parents viewed M = 5.6 ± 4.7 weekly summaries and "favorited" 15 praise texts in the library. App acceptability ratings (7-point scale) were high: Satisfaction 5.0 ± 1.5, Usefulness 4.8 ± 1.5, Ease of Use 6.2 ± 0.8, and Ease of Learning 6.5 ± 0.8. Parents (n = 48) and adolescents (n = 47) gave positive feedback and suggestions via qualitative interviews. There were no significant between-group differences for change in exploratory outcomes (HbA1c, questionnaires). Conclusions: Type 1 Doing Well was feasible to deliver and highly acceptable and engaging for parents of adolescents with T1D. It may have a larger impact on behavioral or clinical outcomes as part of a multicomponent intervention protocol. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02877680.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marisa E. Hilliard
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- Address correspondence to: Marisa E. Hilliard, PhD, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, 1102 Bates Avenue, Suite 940, Houston, TX 77030
| | - Viena T. Cao
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Sahar S. Eshtehardi
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- College of Education, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Charles G. Minard
- Dan L. Duncan Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rana Saber
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Debbe Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Lefkothea P. Karaviti
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Barbara J. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine and Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas, USA
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Eshtehardi SS, Anderson BJ, Cao VT, McKinney BM, Thompson DI, Marrero DG, Hilliard ME. On the money: Parental perspectives about finances and type 1 diabetes in youth. Clinical Practice in Pediatric Psychology 2020. [DOI: 10.1037/cpp0000371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cao VT, Arlet G, Ericsson BM, Tammelin A, Courvalin P, Lambert T. Emergence of imipenem resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae owing to combination of plasmid-mediated CMY-4 and permeability alteration. J Antimicrob Chemother 2000; 46:895-900. [PMID: 11102406 DOI: 10.1093/jac/46.6.895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Klebsiella pneumoniae BM2974 isolated from an abdominal abcess was resistant to high concentrations of all available beta-lactams, including recently developed third-generation cephalosporins and carbapenems. Isoelectric focusing of beta-lactamases and amplification, cloning and sequencing of the corresponding genes, together with conjugation and transformation experiments, indicated that, in addition to the chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase, the strain produced three plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases with pIs of 5.4, 8.2 and 9.0, which corresponded to TEM-1, SHV-5 and AmpC-type CMY-4, respectively. Strain BM2974 also lacked a major outer membrane protein of c. 40 kDa which was present in the spontaneous imipenem-susceptible revertant BM2974-1. We suggest that imipenem resistance in strain BM2974 is attributable to production of CMY-4 beta-lactamase combined with permeability alteration.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T Cao
- Unité des Agents Antibactériens, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
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Banks WA, Kastin AJ, Sam HM, Cao VT, King B, Maness LM, Schally AV. Saturable efflux of the peptides RC-160 and Tyr-MIF-1 by different parts of the blood-brain barrier. Brain Res Bull 1994; 35:179-82. [PMID: 7953775 DOI: 10.1016/0361-9230(94)90100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Peptides have been shown to be transported in the direction of both blood to brain and brain to blood. Although blood to brain transport is known to occur at both the choroid plexus and the capillary bed of the brain, comprising the two major components of the blood-brain barrier, the location of efflux systems for peptides remains largely unstudied. We adapted established methodologies to study this question for two peptides known to be transported out of the brain after injection into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF): Tyr-MIF-1, transported by peptide transport system (PTS)-1 and RC-160, a somatostatin analog transported by PTS-5. Radioactive iodide, known to be transported out of the brain primarily by the capillaries, also was studied. We found that after injection into brain tissue, RC-160 and iodide were rapidly transported out of the brain by saturable mechanisms. By contrast, efflux of Tyr-MIF-1 was slow and nonsaturable after injection into brain tissue, but rapid and saturable after injection into the lateral ventricle of the brain. Autoradiography confirmed that peptide injected into brain tissue did not diffuse far from the site of injection during the study period. The results indicate that the efflux system for RC-160 is located at least partly at the capillaries and suggest that the major location for the efflux system of Tyr-MIF-1 is at the choroid plexus.
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Affiliation(s)
- W A Banks
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center-New Orleans, LA 70146
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