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Joglekar MV, Sahu S, Wong WKM, Satoor SN, Dong CX, Farr RJ, Williams MD, Pandya P, Jhala G, Yang SNY, Chew YV, Hetherington N, Thiruchevlam D, Mitnala S, Rao GV, Reddy DN, Loudovaris T, Hawthorne WJ, Elefanty AG, Joglekar VM, Stanley EG, Martin D, Thomas HE, Tosh D, Dalgaard LT, Hardikar AA. A Pro-Endocrine Pancreatic Islet Transcriptional Program Established During Development Is Retained in Human Gallbladder Epithelial Cells. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 13:1530-1553.e4. [PMID: 35032693 PMCID: PMC9043310 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Pancreatic islet β-cells are factories for insulin production; however, ectopic expression of insulin also is well recognized. The gallbladder is a next-door neighbor to the developing pancreas. Here, we wanted to understand if gallbladders contain functional insulin-producing cells. METHODS We compared developing and adult mouse as well as human gallbladder epithelial cells and islets using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays, RNA sequencing, real-time polymerase chain reaction, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and functional studies. RESULTS We show that the epithelial lining of developing, as well as adult, mouse and human gallbladders naturally contain interspersed cells that retain the capacity to actively transcribe, translate, package, and release insulin. We show that human gallbladders also contain functional insulin-secreting cells with the potential to naturally respond to glucose in vitro and in situ. Notably, in a non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse model of type 1 diabetes, we observed that insulin-producing cells in the gallbladder are not targeted by autoimmune cells. Interestingly, in human gallbladders, insulin splice variants are absent, although insulin splice forms are observed in human islets. CONCLUSIONS In summary, our biochemical, transcriptomic, and functional data in mouse and human gallbladder epithelial cells collectively show the evolutionary and developmental similarities between gallbladder and the pancreas that allow gallbladder epithelial cells to continue insulin production in adult life. Understanding the mechanisms regulating insulin transcription and translation in gallbladder epithelial cells would help guide future studies in type 1 diabetes therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha V Joglekar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Subhshri Sahu
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Wilson K M Wong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sarang N Satoor
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Charlotte X Dong
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ryan J Farr
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael D Williams
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Prapti Pandya
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gaurang Jhala
- Immunology and Diabetes Group, St. Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sundy N Y Yang
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Yi Vee Chew
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Millenium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nicola Hetherington
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Dhan Thiruchevlam
- Department of Gastroenterology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sasikala Mitnala
- Surgical Gastroenterology Research, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | - Guduru V Rao
- Surgical Gastroenterology Research, Asian Institute of Gastroenterology, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Thomas Loudovaris
- Immunology and Diabetes Group, St. Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - Wayne J Hawthorne
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Westmead Millenium Institute, University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew G Elefanty
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Martin
- Upper Gastrointestinal Surgery, Strathfield Hospital, Strathfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Helen E Thomas
- Immunology and Diabetes Group, St. Vincent's Institute for Medical Research, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Tosh
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Louise T Dalgaard
- Section of Eukaryotic Cell Biology, Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Anandwardhan A Hardikar
- Diabetes and Islet Biology Group, School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, New South Wales, Australia.
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Abstract
There have been considerable efforts towards understanding the potential of human pancreatic endocrine cells to proliferate and transition into mesenchymal cell populations. Since rodent studies have demonstrated that mouse insulin-producing cells do not proliferate in vitro, a similar possibility has been considered for human islet endocrine cells. Considering the inherent differences in mouse and human pancreatic islets, we decided to assess the potential of human fetal pancreatic insulin-producing cells to proliferate in vitro. We studied the proliferative potential of human fetal pancreatic islet-derived populations from second or third trimester fetal pancreas and characterized the cells that grow out during their expansion. We have used seven different approaches including in situ hybridization and immunostaining, quantitative estimation of multiple gene transcripts in populations as well as in single cells, clonal analysis of islet cells, assessment of heritable marks of active insulin promoter, and thymidine analog-based lineage tracing. Our studies demonstrate that human fetal pancreatic insulin-producing cells proliferate in vitro to generate mesenchymal cell populations. Interestingly, epigenetic modifications that mark open chromatin conformation of insulin promoter regions are retained even after a million fold expansion/proliferation in vitro. These findings demonstrate that hormone-producing cells in pancreatic islets proliferate in vitro and retain epigenetic marks that characterize an active insulin promoter. Such in vitro-derived mesenchymal cells may be of potential use in cell-replacement therapy for diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha V Joglekar
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Section, Lab 10, National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, India Shree Seva Medical Foundation, Shirwal, Satara MH, India
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Joglekar MV, Joglekar VM, Hardikar AA. Expression of islet-specific microRNAs during human pancreatic development. Gene Expr Patterns 2008; 9:109-13. [PMID: 18977315 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2008.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During pancreatic islet development, sequential changes in gene expression are known to be necessary for efficient differentiation and function of the endocrine pancreas. Several studies till now have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs), which regulate translation of gene transcripts, influence gene expression cascades involved in pancreas development. Some of these miRNAs; miR-7 and miR-375 have been known to be expressed at high levels in pancreas and are also known to be involved in Zebrafish pancreas development as well as insulin secretion in mice. We demonstrate here that 4 different islet-specific microRNAs (miR-7, miR-9, miR-375 and miR-376) are expressed at high levels during human pancreatic islet development. Of these, miR-375, is seen to be differentially expressed in human islet beta- as well as non-beta-cells. Though no significant difference in abundance of miR-375 was noted in either cell type, analysis of islet-specific miRNA and mRNA in single cells show that non-beta cells contain higher levels of miR-375. Our data demonstrate that miRNAs that are known to be regulated during Zebrafish pancreatic development may play similar role in human pancreatic islet development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha V Joglekar
- Stem Cells and Diabetes Section, Lab # 12, National Center for Cell Science, Ganeshkhind Road, Pune, MH 411007, India
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Shanks JH, Harris M, Banerjee SS, Eyden BP, Joglekar VM, Nicol A, Hasleton PS, Nicholson AG. Mesotheliomas with deciduoid morphology: a morphologic spectrum and a variant not confined to young females. Am J Surg Pathol 2000; 24:285-94. [PMID: 10680897 DOI: 10.1097/00000478-200002000-00015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Deciduoid mesotheliomas are rare with only four previously reported cases, all affecting the peritoneum of young females. We describe another six cases (three men and three women; age range 52-65 yrs, median 55 yrs; five peritoneal and one pleural). Three patients had an occupational history of asbestos exposure. The deciduoid appearance predominated in four cases, whereas in two it represented a minor component within conventional tubulopapillary epithelioid mesothelioma. All tumors were strongly cytokeratin-positive (including CK5/6) and all showed at least focal staining for thrombomodulin, HBME-1, and calretinin. All were negative for epithelial mucin (D/PAS), CEA, BerEP4, LeuM1 (CD15), CD21, CD35, and S100 protein. Five of six cases (83%) were vimentin-positive and two (33%) were focally positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. A differential diagnosis of gastrointestinal autonomic nerve tumor (GANT) had been initially considered from the morphology of one case, and we found positivity for some of the "neuronal" markers described in GANTs. This prompted us to apply such a panel to the other five tumors, accepting that the cytokeratin positivity encountered in all of our cases would exclude GANT. All cases of deciduoid mesothelioma (100%) were positive for PGP 9.5 and NSE and four of six (66%) were positive for NKI/C3. Weak focal staining (<5% cells) for synaptophysin was seen in two of six tumors. All cases were chromogranin-negative. All cases examined by electron microscopy showed desmosomes and smooth microvilli without rootlets but no neuroendocrine granules. In conclusion, a deciduoid morphology appears to be part of the histopathologic spectrum encountered in epithelioid mesothelioma. This variant is not confined to female patients and occurs over a wider age range than previously recognized. The overlapping immunophenotype with GANTs illustrates that caution should be exercised when interpreting positivity for "neuronal" markers in this context. An immunohistochemical panel that includes cytokeratins should always be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Shanks
- Department of Histopathology, Christie Hospital, Manchester, England
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