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Fairley N, Compagnini G, Scardaci V, Baltrus J, Roberts A, Barlow A, Cumpson P, Baltrusaitis J. Surface analysis insight note: Differentiation methods applicable to noisy data for determination of sp2‐ versus sp3‐hybridization of carbon allotropes and AES signal strengths. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.7157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Universitá degli Studi di Catania Catania Italy
| | - Vittorio Scardaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche Universitá degli Studi di Catania Catania Italy
| | - John Baltrus
- U. S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory Pittsburgh PA USA
| | | | - Anders Barlow
- Materials Characterisation and Fabrication Platform, School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering University of Melbourne Parkville Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Cumpson
- Mark Wainwright Analytical Centre University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Jonas Baltrusaitis
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Lehigh University Bethlehem PA USA
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2
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Scardaci V, Compagnini G. Raman spectroscopy data related to the laser induced reduction of graphene oxide. Data Brief 2021; 38:107306. [PMID: 34466636 PMCID: PMC8385394 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.107306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This data paper reports data obtained from the fitting of Raman spectra obtained during a laser reduction process for graphene oxide under different processing and material conditions. In particular, we show examples of fitting curves of three different representative reduced graphene oxide spectra, as well as fitting curves for a graphene oxide spectrum. Moreover, we show and compare cumulative distributions of the ID/IG values (intensity ratio of peaks D and G) obtained from spectra acquired from different samples. Fittings and distributions were obtained using the OriginPro 8.5 software package. Such data may be the starting point of further experiments on the laser induced reduction of graphene oxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Scardaci
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Viale Andrea Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy
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3
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Fazio E, Gökce B, De Giacomo A, Meneghetti M, Compagnini G, Tommasini M, Waag F, Lucotti A, Zanchi CG, Ossi PM, Dell’Aglio M, D’Urso L, Condorelli M, Scardaci V, Biscaglia F, Litti L, Gobbo M, Gallo G, Santoro M, Trusso S, Neri F. Nanoparticles Engineering by Pulsed Laser Ablation in Liquids: Concepts and Applications. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:E2317. [PMID: 33238455 PMCID: PMC7700616 DOI: 10.3390/nano10112317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2020] [Revised: 11/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Laser synthesis emerges as a suitable technique to produce ligand-free nanoparticles, alloys and functionalized nanomaterials for catalysis, imaging, biomedicine, energy and environmental applications. In the last decade, laser ablation and nanoparticle generation in liquids has proven to be a unique and efficient technique to generate, excite, fragment and conjugate a large variety of nanostructures in a scalable and clean way. In this work, we give an overview on the fundamentals of pulsed laser synthesis of nanocolloids and new information about its scalability towards selected applications. Biomedicine, catalysis and sensing are the application areas mainly discussed in this review, highlighting advantages of laser-synthesized nanoparticles for these types of applications and, once partially resolved, the limitations to the technique for large-scale applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enza Fazio
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Physics, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.N.)
| | - Bilal Gökce
- Department of Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (B.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Alessandro De Giacomo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
- CNR-NANOTEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Moreno Meneghetti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Giuseppe Compagnini
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Matteo Tommasini
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (M.T.); (A.L.); (C.G.Z.)
| | - Friedrich Waag
- Department of Technical Chemistry I and Center for Nanointegration Duisburg-Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Universitätsstrasse 7, 45141 Essen, Germany; (B.G.); (F.W.)
| | - Andrea Lucotti
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (M.T.); (A.L.); (C.G.Z.)
| | - Chiara Giuseppina Zanchi
- Department of Chemistry, Materials, Chemical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (M.T.); (A.L.); (C.G.Z.)
| | - Paolo Maria Ossi
- Department of Energy & Center for NanoEngineered Materials and Surfaces—NEMAS, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Marcella Dell’Aglio
- CNR-NANOTEC, c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy;
| | - Luisa D’Urso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Marcello Condorelli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Vittorio Scardaci
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Catania, V.le A. Doria 6, 95125 Catania, Italy; (G.C.); (L.D.); (M.C.); (V.S.)
| | - Francesca Biscaglia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Lucio Litti
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Marina Gobbo
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo 1, 35131 Padova, Italy; (M.M.); (F.B.); (L.L.); (M.G.)
| | - Giovanni Gallo
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Physics, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.N.)
| | - Marco Santoro
- STMicroelectronics S.R.L., Stradale Primosole 37, 95121 Catania, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Trusso
- CNR-IPCF Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, 98053 Messina, Italy;
| | - Fortunato Neri
- Department of Mathematical and Computational Sciences, Physics and Earth Physics, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno D’Alcontres 31, I-98166 Messina, Italy; (G.G.); (F.N.)
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Wang P, Scardaci V. Passively Q-switched Yb-doped fiber laser based on Ag nanoplates saturable absorber. EPJ Web Conf 2020. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/202024314004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally investigated Ag nanoplates as saturable absorber for Q-switched pulse generation in an Yb-doped fiber laser. The pulse train repetition rate increases with the increase of the pump power. At the maximum pump power of 600 mW, the maximum repetition rate and average output power are 184.8 kHz and 10.77 mW, respectively, corresponding to single pulse energy of 58.3 nJ. To the best of our knowledge, it is the first demonstration of the passively Q-switched fiber laser utilizing the material of Ag nanoparticles at the wavelength of 1-μm. Our investigations demonstrate the flexibility of our solution-processed Ag nanoplates-based saturable absorber, making it a promising candidate for a variety of stable and low-cost ultrafast lasers.
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Scardaci V, Coull R, Lyons PE, Rickard D, Coleman JN. Spray deposition of highly transparent, low-resistance networks of silver nanowires over large areas. Small 2011; 7:2621-8. [PMID: 21805625 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201100647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
A method to produce scalable, low-resistance, high-transparency, percolating networks of silver nanowires by spray coating is presented. By optimizing the spraying parameters, networks with a sheet resistance of R(s) ≈ 50 Ω □(-1) at a transparency of T = 90% can be produced. The critical processing parameter is shown to be the spraying pressure. Optimizing the pressure reduces the droplet size resulting in more uniform networks. High uniformity leads to a low percolation exponent, which is essential for low-resistance, high-transparency films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Scardaci
- Centre for Research on Adaptive Nanostructure and Nanodevices, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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De S, Lyons PE, Sorel S, Doherty EM, King PJ, Blau WJ, Nirmalraj PN, Boland JJ, Scardaci V, Joimel J, Coleman JN. Transparent, flexible, and highly conductive thin films based on polymer-nanotube composites. ACS Nano 2009; 3:714-20. [PMID: 19227998 DOI: 10.1021/nn800858w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have prepared flexible, transparent, and very conducting thin composite films from poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrenesulfonate), filled with both arc discharge and HIPCO single-walled nanotubes, at high loading level. The films are of high optical uniformity. The arc discharge nanotube-filled composites were significantly more conductive, demonstrating DC conductivities of >10(5) S/m for mass fractions >50 wt %. The ratio of DC to optical conductivity was higher for composites with mass fractions of 55-60 wt % than for nanotube-only films. For an 80 nm thick composite, filled with 60 wt % arc discharge nanotubes, this conductivity ratio was maximized at sigma(DC)/sigma(Op) = 15. This translates into transmittance (550 nm) and sheet resistance of 75 and 80 Omega/square, respectively. These composites were electromechanically very stable, showing <1% resistance change over 130 bend cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sukanta De
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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7
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Wang F, Rozhin AG, Scardaci V, Sun Z, Hennrich F, White IH, Milne WI, Ferrari AC. Wideband-tuneable, nanotube mode-locked, fibre laser. Nat Nanotechnol 2008; 3:738-742. [PMID: 19057594 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Ultrashort-pulse lasers with spectral tuning capability have widespread applications in fields such as spectroscopy, biomedical research and telecommunications. Mode-locked fibre lasers are convenient and powerful sources of ultrashort pulses, and the inclusion of a broadband saturable absorber as a passive optical switch inside the laser cavity may offer tuneability over a range of wavelengths. Semiconductor saturable absorber mirrors are widely used in fibre lasers, but their operating range is typically limited to a few tens of nanometres, and their fabrication can be challenging in the 1.3-1.5 microm wavelength region used for optical communications. Single-walled carbon nanotubes are excellent saturable absorbers because of their subpicosecond recovery time, low saturation intensity, polarization insensitivity, and mechanical and environmental robustness. Here, we engineer a nanotube-polycarbonate film with a wide bandwidth (>300 nm) around 1.55 microm, and then use it to demonstrate a 2.4 ps Er(3+)-doped fibre laser that is tuneable from 1,518 to 1,558 nm. In principle, different diameters and chiralities of nanotubes could be combined to enable compact, mode-locked fibre lasers that are tuneable over a much broader range of wavelengths than other systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Wang
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, 9 JJ Thomson Avenue, Cambridge, CB3 0FA, UK
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Maragò OM, Jones PH, Bonaccorso F, Scardaci V, Gucciardi PG, Rozhin AG, Ferrari AC. Femtonewton force sensing with optically trapped nanotubes. Nano Lett 2008; 8:3211-6. [PMID: 18767887 DOI: 10.1021/nl8015413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We extract the distribution of both center-of-mass and angular fluctuations from three-dimensional tracking of optically trapped nanotubes. We measure the optical force and torque constants from autocorrelation and cross-correlation of the tracking signals. This allows us to isolate the angular Brownian motion. We demonstrate that nanotubes enable nanometer spatial and femtonewton force resolution in photonic force microscopy, the smallest to date. This has wide implications in nanotechnology, biotechnology, nanofluidics, and material science.
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Affiliation(s)
- O M Maragò
- CNR-Istituto per i Processi Chimico-Fisici, Salita Sperone C.da Papardo, I-98158 Messina, Italy
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9
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Hernandez Y, Nicolosi V, Lotya M, Blighe FM, Sun Z, De S, McGovern IT, Holland B, Byrne M, Gun'Ko YK, Boland JJ, Niraj P, Duesberg G, Krishnamurthy S, Goodhue R, Hutchison J, Scardaci V, Ferrari AC, Coleman JN. High-yield production of graphene by liquid-phase exfoliation of graphite. Nat Nanotechnol 2008; 3:563-8. [PMID: 18772919 DOI: 10.1038/nnano.2008.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2582] [Impact Index Per Article: 161.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 07/02/2008] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Fully exploiting the properties of graphene will require a method for the mass production of this remarkable material. Two main routes are possible: large-scale growth or large-scale exfoliation. Here, we demonstrate graphene dispersions with concentrations up to approximately 0.01 mg ml(-1), produced by dispersion and exfoliation of graphite in organic solvents such as N-methyl-pyrrolidone. This is possible because the energy required to exfoliate graphene is balanced by the solvent-graphene interaction for solvents whose surface energies match that of graphene. We confirm the presence of individual graphene sheets by Raman spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy and electron diffraction. Our method results in a monolayer yield of approximately 1 wt%, which could potentially be improved to 7-12 wt% with further processing. The absence of defects or oxides is confirmed by X-ray photoelectron, infrared and Raman spectroscopies. We are able to produce semi-transparent conducting films and conducting composites. Solution processing of graphene opens up a range of potential large-area applications, from device and sensor fabrication to liquid-phase chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yenny Hernandez
- School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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10
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Tan PH, Rozhin AG, Hasan T, Hu P, Scardaci V, Milne WI, Ferrari AC. Photoluminescence spectroscopy of carbon nanotube bundles: evidence for exciton energy transfer. Phys Rev Lett 2007; 99:137402. [PMID: 17930635 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.99.137402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We investigate photoluminescence of nanotube bundles. Their spectra are explained by exciton energy transfer between adjacent tubes, whereby excitation of large gap tubes induces emission from smaller gap ones. The consequent relaxation rate is faster than nonradiative recombination, leading to enhanced photoluminescence of acceptor tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P H Tan
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom
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11
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Ferrari AC, Meyer JC, Scardaci V, Casiraghi C, Lazzeri M, Mauri F, Piscanec S, Jiang D, Novoselov KS, Roth S, Geim AK. Raman spectrum of graphene and graphene layers. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:187401. [PMID: 17155573 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.187401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5002] [Impact Index Per Article: 277.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Graphene is the two-dimensional building block for carbon allotropes of every other dimensionality. We show that its electronic structure is captured in its Raman spectrum that clearly evolves with the number of layers. The D peak second order changes in shape, width, and position for an increasing number of layers, reflecting the change in the electron bands via a double resonant Raman process. The G peak slightly down-shifts. This allows unambiguous, high-throughput, nondestructive identification of graphene layers, which is critically lacking in this emerging research area.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Ferrari
- Cambridge University, Engineering Department, JJ Thompson Avenue, Cambridge CB3 0FA, United Kingdom.
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12
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Cantoro M, Hofmann S, Pisana S, Scardaci V, Parvez A, Ducati C, Ferrari AC, Blackburn AM, Wang KY, Robertson J. Catalytic chemical vapor deposition of single-wall carbon nanotubes at low temperatures. Nano Lett 2006; 6:1107-12. [PMID: 16771562 DOI: 10.1021/nl060068y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We report surface-bound growth of single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) at temperatures as low as 350 degrees C by catalytic chemical vapor deposition from undiluted C2H2. NH3 or H2 exposure critically facilitates the nanostructuring and activation of sub-nanometer Fe and Al/Fe/Al multilayer catalyst films prior to growth, enabling the SWNT nucleation at lower temperatures. We suggest that carbon nanotube growth is governed by the catalyst surface without the necessity of catalyst liquefaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Cantoro
- Electrical Engineering Division, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0FA, UK
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