1
|
Xu J, Zhou R, Blum V, Li TE, Hammes-Schiffer S, Kanai Y. First-Principles Approach for Coupled Quantum Dynamics of Electrons and Protons in Heterogeneous Systems. Phys Rev Lett 2023; 131:238002. [PMID: 38134781 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.131.238002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
The coupled quantum dynamics of electrons and protons is ubiquitous in many dynamical processes involving light-matter interaction, such as solar energy conversion in chemical systems and photosynthesis. A first-principles description of such nuclear-electronic quantum dynamics requires not only the time-dependent treatment of nonequilibrium electron dynamics but also that of quantum protons. Quantum mechanical correlation between electrons and protons adds further complexity to such coupled dynamics. Here we extend real-time nuclear-electronic orbital time-dependent density functional theory (RT-NEO-TDDFT) to periodic systems and perform first-principles simulations of coupled quantum dynamics of electrons and protons in complex heterogeneous systems. The process studied is an electronically excited-state intramolecular proton transfer of o-hydroxybenzaldehyde in water and at a silicon (111) semiconductor-molecule interface. These simulations illustrate how environments such as hydrogen-bonding water molecules and an extended material surface impact the dynamical process on the atomistic level. Depending on how the molecule is chemisorbed on the surface, excited-state electron transfer from the molecule to the semiconductor surface can inhibit ultrafast proton transfer within the molecule. This Letter elucidates how heterogeneous environments influence the balance between the quantum mechanical proton transfer and excited electron dynamics. The periodic RT-NEO-TDDFT approach is applicable to a wide range of other photoinduced heterogeneous processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Xu
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Ruiyi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA and Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Tao E Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | | | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA and Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Park JY, Song R, Liang J, Jin L, Wang K, Li S, Shi E, Gao Y, Zeller M, Teat SJ, Guo P, Huang L, Zhao YS, Blum V, Dou L. Thickness control of organic semiconductor-incorporated perovskites. Nat Chem 2023; 15:1745-1753. [PMID: 37653228 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional organic semiconductor-incorporated perovskites are a promising family of hybrid materials for optoelectronic applications, owing in part to their inherent quantum well architecture. Tuning their structures and properties for specific properties, however, has remained challenging. Here we report a general method to tune the dimensionality of phase-pure organic semiconductor-incorporated perovskite single crystals during their synthesis, by judicious choice of solvent. The length of the conjugated semiconducting organic cations and the dimensionality (n value) of the inorganic layers can be manipulated at the same time. The energy band offsets and exciton dynamics at the organic-inorganic interfaces can therefore be precisely controlled. Furthermore, we show that longer and more planar π-conjugated organic cations induce a more rigid inorganic crystal lattice, which leads to suppressed exciton-phonon interactions and better optoelectronic properties as compared to conventional two-dimensional perovskites. As a demonstration, optically driven lasing behaviour with substantially lower lasing thresholds was realized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jee Yung Park
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Ruyi Song
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jie Liang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Linrui Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Kang Wang
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shunran Li
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Enzheng Shi
- Research Center for Industries of the Future and School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Material Processing and Die & Mold Technology, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Simon J Teat
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peijun Guo
- Department of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- Energy Sciences Institute, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Letian Dou
- Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xie Y, Morgenstein J, Bobay BG, Song R, Caturello NAMS, Sercel PC, Blum V, Mitzi DB. Chiral Cation Doping for Modulating Structural Symmetry of 2D Perovskites. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17831-17844. [PMID: 37531203 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c04832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/03/2023]
Abstract
Cation mixing in two-dimensional (2D) hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) structures represents an important degree of freedom for modifying organic templating effects and tailoring inorganic structures. However, the limited number of known cation-mixed 2D HOIP systems generally employ a 1:1 cation ratio for stabilizing the 2D perovskite structure. Here, we demonstrate a chiral-chiral mixed-cation system wherein a controlled small amount (<10%) of chiral cation S-2-MeBA (S-2-MeBA = (S)-(-)-2-methylbutylammonium) can be doped into (S-BrMBA)2PbI4 (S-BrMBA = (S)-(-)-4-bromo-α-methylbenzylammonium), modulating the structural symmetry from a higher symmetry (C2) to the lowest symmetry state (P1). This structural change occurs when the concentration of S-2-MeBA, measured by solution nuclear magnetic resonance, exceeds a critical level─specifically, for 1.4 ± 0.6%, the structure remains as C2, whereas 3.9 ± 1.4% substitution induces the structure change to P1 (this structure is stable to ∼7% substitution). Atomic occupancy analysis suggests that one specific S-BrMBA cation site is preferentially substituted by S-2-MeBA in the unit cell. Density functional theory calculations indicate that the spin splitting along different k-paths can be modulated by cation doping. A true circular dichroism band at the exciton energy of the 3.9% doping phase shows polarity inversion and a ∼45 meV blue shift of the Cotton-effect-type line-shape relative to (S-BrMBA)2PbI4. A trend toward suppressed melting temperature with higher doping concentration is also noted. The chiral cation doping system and the associated doping-concentration-induced structural transition provide a material design strategy for modulating and enhancing those emergent properties that are sensitive to different types of symmetry breaking.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- University Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jack Morgenstein
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Benjamin G Bobay
- Duke University NMR Center, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, United States
| | - Ruyi Song
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | | | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David B Mitzi
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Hautzinger MP, Raulerson EK, Harvey SP, Liu T, Duke D, Qin X, Scheidt RA, Wieliczka BM, Phillips AJ, Graham KR, Blum V, Luther JM, Beard MC, Blackburn JL. Metal Halide Perovskite Heterostructures: Blocking Anion Diffusion with Single-Layer Graphene. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2052-2057. [PMID: 36649211 PMCID: PMC9896553 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The development of metal halide perovskite/perovskite heterostructures is hindered by rapid interfacial halide diffusion leading to mixed alloys rather than sharp interfaces. To circumvent this outcome, we developed an ion-blocking layer consisting of single-layer graphene (SLG) deposited between the metal halide perovskite layers and demonstrated that it effectively blocks anion diffusion in a CsPbBr3/SLG/CsPbI3 heterostructure. Spatially resolved elemental analysis and spectroscopic measurements demonstrate the halides do not diffuse across the interface, whereas control samples without the SLG show rapid homogenization of the halides and loss of the sharp interface. Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy, DFT calculations, and transient absorbance spectroscopy indicate the SLG has little electronic impact on the individual semiconductors. In the CsPbBr3/SLG/CsPbI3, we find a type I band alignment that supports transfer of photogenerated carriers across the heterointerface. Light-emitting diodes (LEDs) show electroluminescence from both the CsPbBr3 and CsPbI3 layers with no evidence of ion diffusion during operation. Our approach provides opportunities to design novel all-perovskite heterostructures to facilitate the control of charge and light in optoelectronic applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Emily K Raulerson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Steven P Harvey
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Tuo Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky40506, United States
| | - Daniel Duke
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Xixi Qin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Rebecca A Scheidt
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Brian M Wieliczka
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Alan J Phillips
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Kenneth R Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky40506, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Joseph M Luther
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | - Matthew C Beard
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado80401, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Pederson R, Kozlowski J, Song R, Beall J, Ganahl M, Hauru M, Lewis AGM, Yao Y, Mallick SB, Blum V, Vidal G. Large Scale Quantum Chemistry with Tensor Processing Units. J Chem Theory Comput 2023; 19:25-32. [PMID: 36508260 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the use of Googles cloud-based Tensor Processing Units (TPUs) to accelerate and scale up conventional (cubic-scaling) density functional theory (DFT) calculations. Utilizing 512 TPU cores, we accomplish the largest such DFT computation to date, with 247848 orbitals, corresponding to a cluster of 10327 water molecules with 103270 electrons, all treated explicitly. Our work thus paves the way toward accessible and systematic use of conventional DFT, free of any system-specific constraints, at unprecedented scales.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Pederson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California92617, United States.,X, the Moonshot Factory, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,Sandbox@Alphabet, Mountain View, California94043, United States
| | - John Kozlowski
- X, the Moonshot Factory, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,Sandbox@Alphabet, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California92617, United States
| | - Ruyi Song
- X, the Moonshot Factory, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,Sandbox@Alphabet, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Jackson Beall
- Sandbox@Alphabet, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,SandboxAQ, Palo Alto, California94304, United States
| | - Martin Ganahl
- Sandbox@Alphabet, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,SandboxAQ, Palo Alto, California94304, United States
| | - Markus Hauru
- Sandbox@Alphabet, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,The Alan Turing Institute, 96 Euston Road, LondonNW1 2DB, England, U.K
| | - Adam G M Lewis
- Sandbox@Alphabet, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,SandboxAQ, Palo Alto, California94304, United States
| | - Yi Yao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Shrestha Basu Mallick
- X, the Moonshot Factory, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,Sandbox@Alphabet, Mountain View, California94043, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States.,Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina27708, United States
| | - Guifre Vidal
- X, the Moonshot Factory, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,Sandbox@Alphabet, Mountain View, California94043, United States.,Google Quantum AI, Mountain View, California94043, United States
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Moliner L, Zellweger N, Schmidt S, Waibel C, Froesch P, Häuptle P, Blum V, Holer L, Frueh M, Bhagani S, Gray HL, Cox S, Khalid T, Scott D, Robinson S, Hennah L, Handforth C, Mauti L, Califano R, Rothschild S. 66P Real-world data of first-line chemo-immunotherapy for patients with extensive stage SCLC: A multicentre experience from Switzerland and the UK. Immuno-Oncology and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2022.100171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
7
|
Pokharel K, Furness JW, Yao Y, Blum V, Irons TJP, Teale AM, Sun J. Exact constraints and appropriate norms in machine learned exchange-correlation functionals. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:174106. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0111183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Machine learning techniques have received growing attention as an alternative strategy for developing general-purpose density functional approximations, augmenting the historically successful approach of human designed functionals derived to obey mathematical constraints known for the exact exchange-correlation functional. More recently efforts have been made to reconcile the two techniques, integrating machine learning and exact-constraint satisfaction. We continue this integrated approach, designing a deep neural network that exploits the exact constraint and appropriate norm philosophy to deorbitalize the strongly constrained and appropriately normed (SCAN) functional. The deep neural network is trained to replicate the SCAN functional from only electron density and local derivative information, avoiding use of the orbital dependent kinetic energy density. The performance and transferability of the machine learned functional are demonstrated for molecular and periodic systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - James William Furness
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, United States of America
| | - Yi Yao
- Duke University, United States of America
| | - Volker Blum
- Duke University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, United States of America
| | | | | | - Jianwei Sun
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, Tulane University, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Zellweger N, Schmid S, Bertschinger M, Waibel C, Cerciello F, Froesch P, Mark M, Bettini A, Häuptle P, Blum V, Litke T, Helfenstein F, Frueh M, Mauti L, Rothschild S. 1540P Real-world analysis of outcomes of first-line chemo-immunotherapy in patients with extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC). Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
|
9
|
Tahir MN, Zhu T, Shang H, Li J, Blum V, Ren X. Localized Resolution of Identity Approach to the Analytical Gradients of Random-Phase Approximation Ground-State Energy: Algorithm and Benchmarks. J Chem Theory Comput 2022; 18:5297-5311. [PMID: 35959556 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.2c00512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We develop and implement a formalism which enables calculating the analytical gradients of particle-hole random-phase approximation (RPA) ground-state energy with respect to the atomic positions within the atomic orbital basis set framework. Our approach is based on a localized resolution of identity (LRI) approximation for evaluating the two-electron Coulomb integrals and their derivatives, and the density functional perturbation theory for computing the first-order derivatives of the Kohn-Sham (KS) orbitals and orbital energies. Our implementation allows one to relax molecular structures at the RPA level using both Gaussian-type orbitals (GTOs) and numerical atomic orbitals (NAOs). Benchmark calculations against previous implementations show that our approach delivers adequate numerical precision, highlighting the usefulness of LRI in the context of RPA gradient evaluations. A careful assessment of the quality of RPA geometries for small molecules reveals that post-KS RPA systematically overestimates the bond lengths. We furthermore optimized the geometries of the four low-lying water hexamers-cage, prism, cyclic, and book isomers, and determined the energy hierarchy of these four isomers using RPA. The obtained RPA energy ordering is in good agreement with that yielded by the coupled cluster method with single, double and perturbative triple excitations, despite that the dissociation energies themselves are appreciably underestimated. The underestimation of the dissociation energies by RPA is well corrected by the renormalized single excitation correction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad N Tahir
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Management Engineering and Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Honghui Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Computer Architecture, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jia Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Thermal Management Engineering and Materials, Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Xinguo Ren
- Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.,Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan 523808, Guangdong China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Xie Y, Song R, Singh A, Jana MK, Blum V, Mitzi DB. Kinetically Controlled Structural Transitions in Layered Halide-Based Perovskites: An Approach to Modulate Spin Splitting. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15223-15235. [PMID: 35951556 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite (HOIP) semiconductors with pronounced spin splitting, mediated by strong spin-orbit coupling and inversion symmetry breaking, offer the potential for spin manipulation in future spintronic applications. However, HOIPs exhibiting significant conduction/valence band splitting are still relatively rare, given the generally observed preference for (near)centrosymmetric inorganic (especially lead-iodide-based) sublattices, and few approaches are available to control this symmetry breaking within a given HOIP. Here, we demonstrate, using (S-2-MeBA)2PbI4 (S-2-MeBA = (S)-(-)-2-methylbutylammonium) as an example, that a temperature-induced structural transition (at ∼180 K) serves to change the degree of chirality transfer to and inversion symmetry breaking within the inorganic layer, thereby enabling modulation of HOIP structural and electronic properties. The cooling rate is shown to dictate whether the structural transition occurs─i.e., slow cooling induces the transition while rapid quenching inhibits it. Ultrafast calorimetry indicates a minute-scale structural relaxation time at the transition temperature, while quenching to lower temperatures allows for effectively locking in the metastable room-temperature phase, thus enabling kinetic control over switching between distinct states with different degrees of structural distortions within the inorganic layers at these temperatures. Density functional theory further highlights that the low-temperature phase of (S-2-MeBA)2PbI4 shows more significant spin splitting relative to the room-temperature phase. Our work opens a new pathway to use kinetic control of crystal-to-crystal transitions and thermal cycling to modulate spin splitting in HOIPs for future spintronic applications, and further points to using such "sluggish" phase transitions for switching and control over other physical phenomena, particularly those relying on structural distortions and lattice symmetry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Xie
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,University Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Ruyi Song
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Akash Singh
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,University Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Manoj K Jana
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David B Mitzi
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States.,Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Hourahine B, Aradi B, Blum V, Bonafé F, Buccheri A, Camacho C, Cevallos C, Deshaye MY, Dumitrică T, Dominguez A, Ehlert S, Elstner M, van der Heide T, Hermann J, Irle S, Jakowski J, Kranz JJ, Köhler C, Kowalczyk T, Kubař T, Lee IS, Lutsker V, Maurer RJ, Min SK, Mitchell I, Negre C, Niehaus TA, Niklasson AMN, Page AJ, Pecchia A, Penazzi G, Persson MP, Řezáč J, Sánchez CG, Sternberg M, Stöhr M, Stuckenberg F, Tkatchenko A, Yu VWZ, Frauenheim T. Erratum: “DFTB+, a software package for efficient approximate density functional theory based atomistic simulations” [J. Chem. Phys. 152, 124101 (2020)]. J Chem Phys 2022; 157:039901. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0103026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. Hourahine
- SUPA, Department of Physics, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - B. Aradi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - V. Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - F. Bonafé
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Buccheri
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock’s Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - C. Camacho
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - C. Cevallos
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - M. Y. Deshaye
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T. Dumitrică
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A. Dominguez
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Computational Science Research Center (CSRC) Beijing and Computational Science Applied Research (CSAR) Institute Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| | | | - M. Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T. van der Heide
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - J. Hermann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Irle
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J. Jakowski
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J. J. Kranz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C. Köhler
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - T. Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T. Kubař
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I. S. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - V. Lutsker
- Institut I–Theoretische Physik, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R. J. Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S. K. Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - I. Mitchell
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute of Basic Science, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - C. Negre
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T. A. Niehaus
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A. M. N. Niklasson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A. J. Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - A. Pecchia
- CNR-ISMN, Via Salaria km 29,600, 00014 Monterotondo, Rome
| | - G. Penazzi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - J. Řezáč
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C. G. Sánchez
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M. Sternberg
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M. Stöhr
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - F. Stuckenberg
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - A. Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - V. W.-z. Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - T. Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
- Computational Science Research Center (CSRC) Beijing and Computational Science Applied Research (CSAR) Institute Shenzhen, Shenzhen, China
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Xu J, Zhou R, Tao Z, Malbon C, Blum V, Hammes-Schiffer S, Kanai Y. Nuclear-Electronic Orbital Approach to Quantization of Protons in Periodic Electronic Structure Calculations. J Chem Phys 2022; 156:224111. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0088427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The nuclear-electronic orbital (NEO) method is a well-established approach for treating nuclei quantum mechanically in molecular systems beyond the usual Born-Oppenheimer approximation. In this work, we present a strategy to implement the NEO method for periodic electronic structure calculations, particularly focused on multicomponent density functional theory (DFT). The NEO-DFT method is implemented in an all-electron electronic structure code, FHI-aims, using a combination of analytical and numerical integration techniques as well as a resolution of the identity scheme to enhance computational efficiency. After validating this implementation, proof-of-concept applications are presented to illustrate the effects of quantized protons on the physical properties of extended systems such as two-dimensional materials and liquid-semiconductor interfaces. Specifically, periodic NEO-DFT calculations are performed for a trans-polyacetylene chain, a hydrogen boride sheet, and a titanium oxide-water interface. The zero-point energy effects of the protons, as well as electron-proton correlation, are shown to noticeably impact the density of states and band structures for these systems. These developments provide a foundation for the application of multicomponent DFT to a wide range of other extended condensed matter systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jianhang Xu
- Chemistry, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| | | | - Zhen Tao
- Yale University, United States of America
| | | | - Volker Blum
- Duke University Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, United States of America
| | | | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
We present an accurate computational approach to calculate absolute K-edge core electron excitation energies as measured by X-ray absorption spectroscopy. Our approach employs an all-electron Bethe-Salpeter equation (BSE) formalism based on GW quasiparticle energies (BSE@GW) using numeric atom-centered orbitals (NAOs). The BSE@GW method has become an increasingly popular method for the computation of neutral valence excitation energies of molecules. However, it was so far not applied to molecular K-edge excitation energies. We discuss the influence of different numerical approximations on the BSE@GW calculation and employ in our final setup (i) exact numeric algorithms for the frequency integration of the GW self-energy, (ii) G0W0 and BSE starting points with ∼50% of exact exchange, (iii) the Tamm-Dancoff approximation and (iv) relativistic corrections. We study the basis set dependence and convergence with common Gaussian-type orbital and NAO basis sets. We identify the importance of additional spatially confined basis functions as well as of diffuse augmenting basis functions. The accuracy of our BSE@GW method is assessed for a benchmark set of small organic molecules, previously used for benchmarking the equation-of-motion coupled cluster method [Peng et al., J. Chem. Theory Comput., 2015, 11, 4146], as well as the medium-sized dibenzothiophene (DBT) molecule. Our BSE@GW results for absolute excitation energies are in excellent agreement with the experiment, with a mean average error of only 0.63 eV for the benchmark set and with errors <1 eV for the DBT molecule.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Dorothea Golze
- Faculty of Chemistry and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Dresden, 01062 Dresden, Germany.,Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Patrick Rinke
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | | | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
McKeown Wessler GC, Wang T, Blum V, Mitzi DB. Cubic Crystal Structure Formation and Optical Properties within the Ag-B II-M IV-X (B II = Sr, Pb; M IV = Si, Ge, Sn; X = S, Se) Family of Semiconductors. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:2929-2944. [PMID: 35107292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c03805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary chalcogenide semiconductors are promising materials for energy conversion and nonlinear optical applications, with properties tunable primarily by varying the elemental composition and crystal structure. Here, we first analyze the connections among several cubic crystal structure types, as well as the orthorhombic Ag2PbGeS4-type structure, reported for select members within the Ag-BII-MIV-X (BII = Sr, Pb; MIV = Si, Ge, Sn; X = S, Se) compositional space. Focusing on the Ag-Pb-Si-S and Ag-Sr-Sn-S systems, we show that one structure type, with the formulas Ag2Pb3Si2S8 and Ag2Sr3Sn2S8, is favored. We have prepared powder and single-crystal samples of Ag2Pb3Si2S8 and Ag2Sr3Sn2S8, showing that each takes on the noncentrosymmetric cubic space group I4̅3d and is isostructural to the previously reported compound Ag2Sr3Ge2Se8. Through hybrid density functional theory calculations, these cubic compounds are demonstrated to be (quasi-)direct band gap semiconductors with high densities of states at the band maxima. The band-gap energies are measured by reflectance spectroscopy as 1.95(3) and 2.66(4) eV for Ag2Pb3Si2S8 and Ag2Sr3Sn2S8, respectively. We further measure the optical properties and show the electronic band structures of three other isostructural AI-BII-MIV-X-type materials, i.e., Ag2Sr3Si2S8, Ag2Sr3Ge2S8, and Ag2Sr3Ge2Se8, showing that the band gaps can be predictably tuned by element substitution. Detailed visual analyses of the different structures and of their relationships with other members of the Ag-BII-MIV-X compositional family provide a basis for a broader understanding of the structure formation and optoelectronic properties within the quaternary chalcogenide semiconductor family.
Collapse
|
15
|
Steger M, Janke SM, Sercel PC, Larson BW, Lu H, Qin X, Yu VWZ, Blum V, Blackburn JL. On the optical anisotropy in 2D metal-halide perovskites. Nanoscale 2022; 14:752-765. [PMID: 34940772 DOI: 10.1039/d1nr06899g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional metal-halide perovskites (MHPs) are versatile solution-processed organic/inorganic quantum wells where the structural anisotropy creates profound anisotropy in their electronic and excitonic properties and associated optical constants. We here employ a wholistic framework, based on semiempirical modeling (k·p/effective mass theory calculations) informed by hybrid density functional theory (DFT) and multimodal spectroscopic ellipsometry on (C6H5(CH2)2NH3)2PbI4 films and crystals, that allows us to link the observed optical properties and anisotropy precisely to the underlying physical parameters that shape the electronic structure of a layered MHP. We find substantial frequency-dependent anisotropy in the optical constants and close correspondence between experiment and theory, demonstrating a high degree of in-plane alignment of the two-dimensional planes in both spin-coated thin films and cleaved single crystals made in this study. Hybrid DFT results elucidate the degree to which organic and inorganic frontier orbitals contribute to optical transitions polarized along a particular axis. The combined experimental and theoretical approach enables us to estimate the fundamental electronic bandgap of 2.65-2.68 eV in this prototypical 2D perovskite and to determine the spin-orbit coupling (ΔSO = 1.20 eV) and effective crystal field (δ = -1.36 eV) which break the degeneracy of the frontier conduction band states and determine the exciton fine structure. The methods and results described here afford a better understanding of the connection between structure and induced optical anisotropy in quantum-confined MHPs, an important structure-property relationship for optoelectronic applications and devices.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Steger
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
| | - Svenja M Janke
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Institute of Advanced Study, University of Warwick, CV4 7AL Coventry, UK
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, CO, 80401, USA
| | - Bryon W Larson
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
| | - Haipeng Lu
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, CO 80401, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Hong Kong
| | - Xixi Qin
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Victor Wen-Zhe Yu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Hekele J, Yao Y, Kanai Y, Blum V, Kratzer P. All-electron real-time and imaginary-time time-dependent density functional theory within a numeric atom-centered basis function framework. J Chem Phys 2021; 155:154801. [PMID: 34686041 DOI: 10.1063/5.0066753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Real-time time-dependent density functional theory (RT-TDDFT) is an attractive tool to model quantum dynamics by real-time propagation without the linear response approximation. Sharing the same technical framework of RT-TDDFT, imaginary-time time-dependent density functional theory (it-TDDFT) is a recently developed robust-convergence ground state method. Presented here are high-precision all-electron RT-TDDFT and it-TDDFT implementations within a numerical atom-centered orbital (NAO) basis function framework in the FHI-aims code. We discuss the theoretical background and technical choices in our implementation. First, RT-TDDFT results are validated against linear-response TDDFT results. Specifically, we analyze the NAO basis sets' convergence for Thiel's test set of small molecules and confirm the importance of the augmentation basis functions for adequate convergence. Adopting a velocity-gauge formalism, we next demonstrate applications for systems with periodic boundary conditions. Taking advantage of the all-electron full-potential implementation, we present applications for core level spectra. For it-TDDFT, we confirm that within the all-electron NAO formalism, it-TDDFT can successfully converge systems that are difficult to converge in the standard self-consistent field method. We finally benchmark our implementation for systems up to ∼500 atoms. The implementation exhibits almost linear weak and strong scaling behavior.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joscha Hekele
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - Yi Yao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Peter Kratzer
- Faculty of Physics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin K, TomHon P, Lehmkuhl S, Laasner R, Theis T, Blum V. Density Functional Theory Study of Reaction Equilibria in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1937-1938. [PMID: 34617650 PMCID: PMC8725239 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The front cover artwork is provided by the groups of Prof. Thomas Theis (North Carolina State University) Prof. Volker Blum (Duke University). The image shows the reaction network of Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE), elucidated by density functional theory (DFT). Read the full text of the Review at 10.1002/cphc.202100204.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Raul Laasner
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC, Chapel Hill, and NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lin K, TomHon P, Lehmkuhl S, Laasner R, Theis T, Blum V. Front Cover: Density Functional Theory Study of Reaction Equilibria in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (ChemPhysChem 19/2021). Chemphyschem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailai Lin
- Department of Chemistry Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Raul Laasner
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC, Chapel Hill and NC State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA
- Department of Physics North Carolina State University Raleigh NC 27606 USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science Duke University Durham NC 27708 USA
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lin K, TomHon P, Lehmkuhl S, Laasner R, Theis T, Blum V. Density Functional Theory Study of Reaction Equilibria in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange. Chemphyschem 2021; 22:1947-1957. [PMID: 34549869 DOI: 10.1002/cphc.202100204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An in-depth theoretical analysis of key chemical equilibria in Signal Amplification by Reversible Exchange (SABRE) is provided, employing density functional theory calculations to characterize the likely reaction network. For all reactions in the network, the potential energy surface is probed to identify minimum energy pathways. Energy barriers and transition states are calculated, and harmonic transition state theory is applied to calculate exchange rates that approximate experimental values. The reaction network energy surface can be modulated by chemical potentials that account for the dependence on concentration, temperature, and partial pressure of molecular constituents (hydrogen, methanol, pyridine) supplied to the experiment under equilibrium conditions. We show that, under typical experimental conditions, the Gibbs free energies of the two key states involved in pyridine-hydrogen exchange at the common Ir-IMes catalyst system in methanol are essentially the same, i. e., nearly optimal for SABRE. We also show that a methanol-containing intermediate is plausible as a transient species in the process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kailai Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Patrick TomHon
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Sören Lehmkuhl
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Raul Laasner
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.,Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, UNC, Chapel Hill, and NC State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA.,Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA.,Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Jana MK, Song R, Xie Y, Zhao R, Sercel PC, Blum V, Mitzi DB. Structural descriptor for enhanced spin-splitting in 2D hybrid perovskites. Nat Commun 2021; 12:4982. [PMID: 34404766 PMCID: PMC8371112 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-25149-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) hybrid metal halide perovskites have emerged as outstanding optoelectronic materials and are potential hosts of Rashba/Dresselhaus spin-splitting for spin-selective transport and spin-orbitronics. However, a quantitative microscopic understanding of what controls the spin-splitting magnitude is generally lacking. Through crystallographic and first-principles studies on a broad array of chiral and achiral 2D perovskites, we demonstrate that a specific bond angle disparity connected with asymmetric tilting distortions of the metal halide octahedra breaks local inversion symmetry and strongly correlates with computed spin-splitting. This distortion metric can serve as a crystallographic descriptor for rapid discovery of potential candidate materials with strong spin-splitting. Our work establishes that, rather than the global space group, local inorganic layer distortions induced via appropriate organic cations provide a key design objective to achieve strong spin-splitting in perovskites. New chiral perovskites reported here couple a sizeable spin-splitting with chiral degrees of freedom and offer a unique paradigm of potential interest for spintronics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jana
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Ruyi Song
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yi Xie
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- University Program in Materials Science and Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Rundong Zhao
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
- School of Physics, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Peter C Sercel
- Center for Hybrid Organic Inorganic Semiconductors for Energy, Golden, CO, USA
- Department of Applied Physics and Materials Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - David B Mitzi
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
McKeown Wessler GC, Wang T, Sun JP, Liao Y, Fischer MC, Blum V, Mitzi DB. Structural, Optical, and Electronic Properties of Two Quaternary Chalcogenide Semiconductors: Ag 2SrSiS 4 and Ag 2SrGeS 4. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:12206-12217. [PMID: 34319109 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Quaternary chalcogenide materials have long been a source of semiconductors for optoelectronic applications. Recent studies on I2-II-IV-X4 (I = Ag, Cu, Li; II = Ba, Sr, Eu, Pb; IV = Si, Ge, Sn; X = S, Se) materials have shown particular versatility and promise among these compounds. These semiconductors take advantage of a diverse bonding scheme and chemical differences among cations to target a degree of antisite defect resistance. Within this set of compounds, the materials containing both Ag and Sr have not been experimentally studied and leave a gap in the full understanding of the family. Here, we have synthesized powders and single crystals of two Ag- and Sr-containing compounds, Ag2SrSiS4 and Ag2SrGeS4, each found to form in the tetragonal I4̅2m structure of Ag2BaGeS4. During the synthesis targeting the title compounds, two additional materials, Ag2Sr3Si2S8 and Ag2Sr3Ge2S8, have also been identified. These cubic compounds represent impurity phases during the synthesis of Ag2SrSiS4 and Ag2SrGeS4. We show through hybrid density functional theory calculations that Ag2SrSiS4 and Ag2SrGeS4 have highly dispersive band-edge states and indirect band gaps, experimentally measured as 2.08(1) and 1.73(2) eV, respectively. Second-harmonic generation measurements on Ag2SrSiS4 and Ag2SrGeS4 powders show frequency-doubling capabilities in the near-infrared range.
Collapse
|
22
|
Yu VWZ, Moussa J, Blum V. Accurate frozen core approximation for all-electron density-functional theory. J Chem Phys 2021; 154:224107. [PMID: 34241220 DOI: 10.1063/5.0050296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We implement and benchmark the frozen core approximation, a technique commonly adopted in electronic structure theory to reduce the computational cost by means of mathematically fixing the chemically inactive core electron states. The accuracy and efficiency of this approach are well controlled by a single parameter, the number of frozen orbitals. Explicit corrections for the frozen core orbitals and the unfrozen valence orbitals are introduced, safeguarding against seemingly minor numerical deviations from the assumed orthonormality conditions of the basis functions. A speedup of over twofold can be achieved for the diagonalization step in all-electron density-functional theory simulations containing heavy elements, without any accuracy degradation in terms of the electron density, total energy, and atomic forces. This is demonstrated in a benchmark study covering 103 materials across the Periodic Table and a large-scale simulation of CsPbBr3 with 2560 atoms. Our study provides a rigorous benchmark of the precision of the frozen core approximation (sub-meV per atom for frozen core orbitals below -200 eV) for a wide range of test cases and for chemical elements ranging from Li to Po. The algorithms discussed here are implemented in the open-source Electronic Structure Infrastructure software package.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Wen-Zhe Yu
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Jonathan Moussa
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Thomas Lord Department of Mechanical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abdelsamie M, Li T, Babbe F, Xu J, Han Q, Blum V, Sutter-Fella CM, Mitzi DB, Toney MF. Mechanism of Additive-Assisted Room-Temperature Processing of Metal Halide Perovskite Thin Films. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:13212-13225. [PMID: 33689282 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Perovskite solar cells have received substantial attention due to their potential for low-cost photovoltaic devices on flexible or rigid substrates. Thiocyanate (SCN)-containing additives, such as MASCN (MA = methylammonium), have been shown to control perovskite film crystallization and the film microstructure to achieve effective room-temperature perovskite absorber processing. Nevertheless, the crystallization pathways and mechanisms of perovskite formation involved in MASCN additive processing are far from clear. Using in situ X-ray diffraction and photoluminescence, we investigate the crystallization pathways of MAPbI3 and reveal the mechanisms of additive-assisted perovskite formation during spin coating and subsequent N2 drying. We confirm that MASCN induces large precursor aggregates in solution and, during spin coating, promotes the formation of the perovskite phase with lower nucleation density and overall larger initial nuclei size, which forms upon reaching supersaturation in solution, in addition to intermediate solvent-complex phases. Finally, during the subsequent N2 drying, MASCN facilitates the dissociation of these precursor aggregates and the solvate phases, leading to further growth of the perovskite crystals. Our results show that the nature of the intermediate phases and their formation/dissociation kinetics determine the nucleation and growth of the perovskite phase, which subsequently impact the film microstructure. These findings provide mechanistic insights underlying room-temperature, additive-assisted perovskite processing and help guide further development of such facile room-temperature synthesis routes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maged Abdelsamie
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park 94025, California, United States
- Materials Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Tianyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
| | - Finn Babbe
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - Junwei Xu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park 94025, California, United States
| | - Qiwei Han
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
| | - Carolin M Sutter-Fella
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley 94720, California, United States
| | - David B Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham 27708, North Carolina, United States
| | - Michael F Toney
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park 94025, California, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder 80309, Colorado, United States
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- Levi Keller
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Otakaari 1, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708,
USA
| | - Patrick Rinke
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Otakaari 1, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| | - Dorothea Golze
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Otakaari 1, FI-02150 Espoo, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jana MK, Song R, Liu H, Khanal DR, Janke SM, Zhao R, Liu C, Valy Vardeny Z, Blum V, Mitzi DB. Organic-to-inorganic structural chirality transfer in a 2D hybrid perovskite and impact on Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-orbit coupling. Nat Commun 2020; 11:4699. [PMID: 32943625 PMCID: PMC7499302 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18485-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Translation of chirality and asymmetry across structural motifs and length scales plays a fundamental role in nature, enabling unique functionalities in contexts ranging from biological systems to synthetic materials. Here, we introduce a structural chirality transfer across the organic-inorganic interface in two-dimensional hybrid perovskites using appropriate chiral organic cations. The preferred molecular configuration of the chiral spacer cations, R-(+)- or S-(-)-1-(1-naphthyl)ethylammonium and their asymmetric hydrogen-bonding interactions with lead bromide-based layers cause symmetry-breaking helical distortions in the inorganic layers, otherwise absent when employing a racemic mixture of organic spacers. First-principles modeling predicts a substantial bulk Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-splitting in the inorganic-derived conduction band with opposite spin textures between R- and S-hybrids due to the broken inversion symmetry and strong spin-orbit coupling. The ability to break symmetry using chirality transfer from one structural unit to another provides a synthetic design paradigm for emergent properties, including Rashba-Dresselhaus spin-polarization for hybrid perovskite spintronics and related applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K Jana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Ruyi Song
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Haoliang Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Dipak Raj Khanal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Svenja M Janke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Rundong Zhao
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Z Valy Vardeny
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - David B Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Ribi K, Thuerlimann B, Schär C, Dietrich D, Cathomas R, Zuerrer U, Von Briel T, Anchisi S, Bohanes P, Blum V, von Burg P, Mannhart M, Caspar C, von Moos R, Mark M. 1867P Quality of life and pain in patients with metastatic bone disease from solid tumors treated with bone-targeted agents: A real-world cross-sectional study from Switzerland (SAKK 95/16). Ann Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2020.08.1514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
27
|
Colell JFP, Logan AWJ, Zhou Z, Lindale JR, Laasner R, Shchepin RV, Chekmenev EY, Blum V, Warren WS, Malcolmson SJ, Theis T. Rational ligand choice extends the SABRE substrate scope. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:9336-9339. [PMID: 32671356 PMCID: PMC7443256 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc01330g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Here we report on chelating ligands for Signal Amplification By Reversible Exchange (SABRE) catalysts that permit hyperpolarisation on otherwise sterically hindered substrates. We demonstrate 1H enhancements of ∼100-fold over 8.5 T thermal for 2-substituted pyridines, and smaller, yet significant enhancements for provitamin B6 and caffeine. We also show 15N-enhancements of ∼1000-fold and 19F-enhancements of 30-fold.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Raul Laasner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Roman V. Shchepin
- Department of Chemistry, Biology, and Health Sciences, South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, South Dakota 57701, USA
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 14, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Department of Chemistry, Integrative Biosciences (IBio), Karmanos Cancer Institute (KCI), Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Physics, Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27707, USA
| | | | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and North Carolina State University, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gao Y, Shi E, Deng S, Shiring SB, Snaider JM, Liang C, Yuan B, Song R, Janke SM, Liebman-Peláez A, Yoo P, Zeller M, Boudouris BW, Liao P, Zhu C, Blum V, Yu Y, Savoie BM, Huang L, Dou L. Author Correction: Molecular engineering of organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites quantum wells. Nat Chem 2020; 13:290. [PMID: 32704148 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-020-0521-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yao Gao
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Enzheng Shi
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Shibin Deng
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Stephen B Shiring
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Jordan M Snaider
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chao Liang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Biao Yuan
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ruyi Song
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Svenja M Janke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Alexander Liebman-Peláez
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA.,Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Pilsun Yoo
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Bryan W Boudouris
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Peilin Liao
- School of Materials Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Chenhui Zhu
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Yi Yu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, China
| | - Brett M Savoie
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Libai Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA
| | - Letian Dou
- Charles D. Davidson School of Chemical Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Oliveira MJT, Papior N, Pouillon Y, Blum V, Artacho E, Caliste D, Corsetti F, de Gironcoli S, Elena AM, García A, García-Suárez VM, Genovese L, Huhn WP, Huhs G, Kokott S, Küçükbenli E, Larsen AH, Lazzaro A, Lebedeva IV, Li Y, López-Durán D, López-Tarifa P, Lüders M, Marques MAL, Minar J, Mohr S, Mostofi AA, O'Cais A, Payne MC, Ruh T, Smith DGA, Soler JM, Strubbe DA, Tancogne-Dejean N, Tildesley D, Torrent M, Yu VWZ. The CECAM electronic structure library and the modular software development paradigm. J Chem Phys 2020; 153:024117. [PMID: 32668924 DOI: 10.1063/5.0012901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
First-principles electronic structure calculations are now accessible to a very large community of users across many disciplines, thanks to many successful software packages, some of which are described in this special issue. The traditional coding paradigm for such packages is monolithic, i.e., regardless of how modular its internal structure may be, the code is built independently from others, essentially from the compiler up, possibly with the exception of linear-algebra and message-passing libraries. This model has endured and been quite successful for decades. The successful evolution of the electronic structure methodology itself, however, has resulted in an increasing complexity and an ever longer list of features expected within all software packages, which implies a growing amount of replication between different packages, not only in the initial coding but, more importantly, every time a code needs to be re-engineered to adapt to the evolution of computer hardware architecture. The Electronic Structure Library (ESL) was initiated by CECAM (the European Centre for Atomic and Molecular Calculations) to catalyze a paradigm shift away from the monolithic model and promote modularization, with the ambition to extract common tasks from electronic structure codes and redesign them as open-source libraries available to everybody. Such libraries include "heavy-duty" ones that have the potential for a high degree of parallelization and adaptation to novel hardware within them, thereby separating the sophisticated computer science aspects of performance optimization and re-engineering from the computational science done by, e.g., physicists and chemists when implementing new ideas. We envisage that this modular paradigm will improve overall coding efficiency and enable specialists (whether they be computer scientists or computational scientists) to use their skills more effectively and will lead to a more dynamic evolution of software in the community as well as lower barriers to entry for new developers. The model comes with new challenges, though. The building and compilation of a code based on many interdependent libraries (and their versions) is a much more complex task than that of a code delivered in a single self-contained package. Here, we describe the state of the ESL, the different libraries it now contains, the short- and mid-term plans for further libraries, and the way the new challenges are faced. The ESL is a community initiative into which several pre-existing codes and their developers have contributed with their software and efforts, from which several codes are already benefiting, and which remains open to the community.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Micael J T Oliveira
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nick Papior
- DTU Computing Center, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Yann Pouillon
- Departamento CITIMAC, Universidad de Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | | | - Damien Caliste
- Department of Physics, IRIG, Univ. Grenoble Alpes and CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Fabiano Corsetti
- Departments of Materials and Physics, and the Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Alin M Elena
- Scientific Computing Department, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, United Kingdom
| | - Alberto García
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | | | - Luigi Genovese
- Department of Physics, IRIG, Univ. Grenoble Alpes and CEA, F-38000 Grenoble, France
| | - William P Huhn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Georg Huhs
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Emine Küçükbenli
- Scuola Internazionale Superiore di Studi Avanzati, 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | | | - Alfio Lazzaro
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Yingzhou Li
- Department of Mathematics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708-0320, USA
| | | | - Pablo López-Tarifa
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Martin Lüders
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, D-22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Miguel A L Marques
- Institut für Physik, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Jan Minar
- New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, 301 00 Plzen, Czech Republic
| | - Stephan Mohr
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Arash A Mostofi
- Departments of Materials and Physics, and the Thomas Young Centre for Theory and Simulation of Materials, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alan O'Cais
- Institute for Advanced Simulation (IAS), Jülich Supercomputing Centre (JSC), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Mike C Payne
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Ruh
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniel G A Smith
- Molecular Sciences Software Institute, Blacksburg, Virginia 24060, USA
| | - José M Soler
- Departamento e Instituto de Física de la Materia Condensada (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - David A Strubbe
- Department of Physics, University of California, Merced, California 95343, USA
| | | | - Dominic Tildesley
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, United Kingdom
| | | | - Victor Wen-Zhe Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Lu H, Xiao C, Song R, Li T, Maughan AE, Levin A, Brunecky R, Berry JJ, Mitzi DB, Blum V, Beard MC. Highly Distorted Chiral Two-Dimensional Tin Iodide Perovskites for Spin Polarized Charge Transport. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:13030-13040. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c03899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Haipeng Lu
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Chuanxiao Xiao
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Ruyi Song
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Tianyang Li
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Annalise E. Maughan
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Andrew Levin
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Roman Brunecky
- Chemical and Bioscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - Joseph J. Berry
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| | - David B. Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Matthew C. Beard
- Chemistry & Nanoscience Center, National Renewable Energy Laboratory, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
García A, Papior N, Akhtar A, Artacho E, Blum V, Bosoni E, Brandimarte P, Brandbyge M, Cerdá JI, Corsetti F, Cuadrado R, Dikan V, Ferrer J, Gale J, García-Fernández P, García-Suárez VM, García S, Huhs G, Illera S, Korytár R, Koval P, Lebedeva I, Lin L, López-Tarifa P, Mayo SG, Mohr S, Ordejón P, Postnikov A, Pouillon Y, Pruneda M, Robles R, Sánchez-Portal D, Soler JM, Ullah R, Yu VWZ, Junquera J. Siesta: Recent developments and applications. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:204108. [DOI: 10.1063/5.0005077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto García
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - Nick Papior
- DTU Computing Center, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Arsalan Akhtar
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - ICN2, CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Emilio Artacho
- CIC Nanogune BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, 48011 Bilbao, Spain
- Theory of Condensed Matter, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Emanuele Bosoni
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - Pedro Brandimarte
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Mads Brandbyge
- DTU Physics, Center for Nanostructured Graphene (CNG), Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - J. I. Cerdá
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid ICMM-CSIC, Cantoblanco, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fabiano Corsetti
- CIC Nanogune BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Ramón Cuadrado
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - ICN2, CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Vladimir Dikan
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Bellaterra E-08193, Spain
| | - Jaime Ferrer
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33007, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center, CSIC - Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33007, Spain
| | - Julian Gale
- Curtin Institute for Computation, Institute for Geoscience Research (TIGeR), School of Molecular and Life Sciences, Curtin University, P.O. Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Pablo García-Fernández
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - V. M. García-Suárez
- Department of Physics, University of Oviedo, Oviedo 33007, Spain
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center, CSIC - Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo 33007, Spain
| | - Sandra García
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - ICN2, CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Georg Huhs
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, c/Jordi Girona, 29, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sergio Illera
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - ICN2, CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Richard Korytár
- Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 5, 121 16 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Peter Koval
- Simune Atomistics S.L., Tolosa Hiribidea, 76, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Irina Lebedeva
- CIC Nanogune BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Lin Lin
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Pablo López-Tarifa
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Sara G. Mayo
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Stephan Mohr
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center, c/Jordi Girona, 29, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Ordejón
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - ICN2, CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Andrei Postnikov
- LCP-A2MC, Université de Lorraine, 1 Bd Arago, F-57078 Metz, France
| | - Yann Pouillon
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| | - Miguel Pruneda
- Catalan Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - ICN2, CSIC and BIST, Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Roberto Robles
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Daniel Sánchez-Portal
- Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 4, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
- Centro de Física de Materiales, Centro Mixto CSIC-UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 5, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jose M. Soler
- Departamento de Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Física de la Materia Condensada (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafi Ullah
- CIC Nanogune BRTA, Tolosa Hiribidea 76, 20018 San Sebastián, Spain
- Departamento de Física de Materiales, UPV/EHU, Paseo Manuel de Lardizabal 3, 20018 Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Victor Wen-zhe Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Javier Junquera
- Departamento de Ciencias de la Tierra y Física de la Materia Condensada, Universidad de Cantabria, Cantabria Campus Internacional, Avenida de los Castros s/n, 39005 Santander, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Janke SM, Qarai MB, Blum V, Spano FC. Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonian applied to absorption spectra of quaterthiophene-based 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:144702. [PMID: 32295353 DOI: 10.1063/1.5139044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
For the prototypical two-dimensional hybrid organic-inorganic perovskites (2D HOIPs) (AE4T)PbX4 (X = Cl, Br, and I), we demonstrate that the Frenkel-Holstein Hamiltonian (FHH) can be applied to describe the absorption spectrum arising from the organic component. We first model the spectra using only the four nearest neighbor couplings between translationally inequivalent molecules in the organic herringbone lattice as fitting parameters in the FHH. We next use linear-response time-dependent density functional theory (LR-TDDFT) to calculate molecular transition densities, from which extended excitonic couplings are evaluated based on the atomic positions within the 2D HOIPs. We find that both approaches reproduce the experimentally observed spectra, including changes in their shape and peak positions. The spectral changes are correlated with a decrease in excitonic coupling from X = Cl to X = I. Importantly, the LR-TDDFT-based approach with extended excitonic couplings not only gives better agreement with the experimental absorption line shape than the approach using a restricted set of fitted parameters but also allows us to relate the changes in excitonic coupling to the underlying geometry. We accordingly find that the decrease in excitonic coupling from X = Cl to Br to I is due to an increase in molecular separation, which in turn can be related to the increasing Pb-X bond length from Cl to I. Our research opens up a potential pathway to predicting optoelectronic properties of new 2D HOIPs from ab initio calculations and to gain insight into structural relations from 2D HOIP absorption spectra.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Svenja M Janke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Mohammad B Qarai
- Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Frank C Spano
- Chemistry, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Hourahine B, Aradi B, Blum V, Bonafé F, Buccheri A, Camacho C, Cevallos C, Deshaye MY, Dumitrică T, Dominguez A, Ehlert S, Elstner M, van der Heide T, Hermann J, Irle S, Kranz JJ, Köhler C, Kowalczyk T, Kubař T, Lee IS, Lutsker V, Maurer RJ, Min SK, Mitchell I, Negre C, Niehaus TA, Niklasson AMN, Page AJ, Pecchia A, Penazzi G, Persson MP, Řezáč J, Sánchez CG, Sternberg M, Stöhr M, Stuckenberg F, Tkatchenko A, Yu VWZ, Frauenheim T. DFTB+, a software package for efficient approximate density functional theory based atomistic simulations. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:124101. [PMID: 32241125 DOI: 10.1063/1.5143190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 350] [Impact Index Per Article: 87.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
DFTB+ is a versatile community developed open source software package offering fast and efficient methods for carrying out atomistic quantum mechanical simulations. By implementing various methods approximating density functional theory (DFT), such as the density functional based tight binding (DFTB) and the extended tight binding method, it enables simulations of large systems and long timescales with reasonable accuracy while being considerably faster for typical simulations than the respective ab initio methods. Based on the DFTB framework, it additionally offers approximated versions of various DFT extensions including hybrid functionals, time dependent formalism for treating excited systems, electron transport using non-equilibrium Green's functions, and many more. DFTB+ can be used as a user-friendly standalone application in addition to being embedded into other software packages as a library or acting as a calculation-server accessed by socket communication. We give an overview of the recently developed capabilities of the DFTB+ code, demonstrating with a few use case examples, discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the various features, and also discuss on-going developments and possible future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B Hourahine
- SUPA, Department of Physics, The University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G4 0NG, United Kingdom
| | - B Aradi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - V Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - F Bonafé
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Buccheri
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Cantock's Close, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - C Camacho
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - C Cevallos
- School of Chemistry, University of Costa Rica, San José 11501-2060, Costa Rica
| | - M Y Deshaye
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T Dumitrică
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
| | - A Dominguez
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - S Ehlert
- University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - M Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - T van der Heide
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - J Hermann
- Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - S Irle
- Computational Sciences and Engineering Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - J J Kranz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - C Köhler
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - T Kowalczyk
- Department of Chemistry and Advanced Materials Science and Engineering Center, Western Washington University, Bellingham, Washington 98225, USA
| | - T Kubař
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - I S Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - V Lutsker
- Institut I - Theoretische Physik, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - R J Maurer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - S K Min
- Department of Chemistry, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - I Mitchell
- Center for Multidimensional Carbon Materials, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Ulsan 44919, South Korea
| | - C Negre
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - T A Niehaus
- Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, CNRS, Institut Lumière Matière, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France
| | - A M N Niklasson
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - A J Page
- School of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, Australia
| | - A Pecchia
- CNR-ISMN, Via Salaria km 29.300, 00015 Monterotondo Stazione, Rome, Italy
| | - G Penazzi
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - M P Persson
- Dassault Systemes, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Řezáč
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry AS CR, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - C G Sánchez
- Instituto Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Cuyo, CONICET, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - M Sternberg
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - M Stöhr
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - F Stuckenberg
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - A Tkatchenko
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg City, Luxembourg
| | - V W-Z Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - T Frauenheim
- Bremen Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Liu C, Kloppenburg J, Yao Y, Ren X, Appel H, Kanai Y, Blum V. All-electron ab initio Bethe-Salpeter equation approach to neutral excitations in molecules with numeric atom-centered orbitals. J Chem Phys 2020; 152:044105. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5123290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Jan Kloppenburg
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanoscience, Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve 1348, Belgium
| | - Yi Yao
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Xinguo Ren
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Heiko Appel
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Center for Free Electron Laser Science, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gao Y, Shi E, Deng S, Shiring SB, Snaider JM, Liang C, Yuan B, Song R, Janke SM, Liebman-Peláez A, Yoo P, Zeller M, Boudouris BW, Liao P, Zhu C, Blum V, Yu Y, Savoie BM, Huang L, Dou L. Molecular engineering of organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites quantum wells. Nat Chem 2019; 11:1151-1157. [DOI: 10.1038/s41557-019-0354-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
36
|
Jana MK, Janke SM, Dirkes DJ, Dovletgeldi S, Liu C, Qin X, Gundogdu K, You W, Blum V, Mitzi DB. Direct-Bandgap 2D Silver–Bismuth Iodide Double Perovskite: The Structure-Directing Influence of an Oligothiophene Spacer Cation. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:7955-7964. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b02909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Manoj K. Jana
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Svenja M. Janke
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David J. Dirkes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Seyitliyev Dovletgeldi
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Chi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Xixi Qin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Kenan Gundogdu
- Department of Physics, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - David B. Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Liu C, Huhn W, Du KZ, Vazquez-Mayagoitia A, Dirkes D, You W, Kanai Y, Mitzi DB, Blum V. Tunable Semiconductors: Control over Carrier States and Excitations in Layered Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Perovskites. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 121:146401. [PMID: 30339426 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.121.146401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
For a class of 2D hybrid organic-inorganic perovskite semiconductors based on π-conjugated organic cations, we predict quantitatively how varying the organic and inorganic component allows control over the nature, energy, and localization of carrier states in a quantum-well-like fashion. Our first-principles predictions, based on large-scale hybrid density-functional theory with spin-orbit coupling, show that the interface between the organic and inorganic parts within a single hybrid can be modulated systematically, enabling us to select between different type-I and type-II energy level alignments. Energy levels, recombination properties, and transport behavior of electrons and holes thus become tunable by choosing specific organic functionalizations and juxtaposing them with suitable inorganic components.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chi Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - William Huhn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Ke-Zhao Du
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | | | - David Dirkes
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Wei You
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - Yosuke Kanai
- Department of Chemistry, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina 27599, USA
| | - David B Mitzi
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Abstract
With the advent of efficient electronic structure methods, effective continuum solvation methods have emerged as a way to, at least partially, include solvent effects into simulations without the need for expensive sampling over solvent degrees of freedom. The multipole moment expansion (MPE) model, while based on ideas initially put forward almost 100 years ago, has recently been updated for the needs of modern electronic structure calculations. Indeed, for an all-electron code relying on localized basis sets and-more importantly-a multipole moment expansion of the electrostatic potential, the MPE method presents a particularly cheap way of solving the macroscopic Poisson equation to determine the electrostatic response of a medium surrounding a solute. In addition to our implementation of the MPE model in the FHI-aims electronic structure theory code [ Blum , V. ; Comput. Phys. Commun. 2009 , 180 , 2175 - 2196 , DOI: 10.1016/j.cpc.2009.06.022 ], we describe novel algorithms for determining equidistributed points on the solvation cavity-defined as a charge density isosurface-and the determination of cavity surface and volume from just this collection of points and their local density gradients. We demonstrate the efficacy of our model on an analytically solvable test case, against high-accuracy finite-element calculations for a set of ≈140000 2D test cases, and finally against experimental solvation free energies of a number of neutral and singly charged molecular test sets [ Andreussi , O. ; J. Chem. Phys. 2012 , 136 , 064102 , DOI: 10.1063/1.3676407 ; Marenich , A. V. ; Minnesota Solvation Database , Version 2012; University of Minnesota : Minneapolis, MN, USA , 2012 . ]. In all test cases we find that our MPE approach compares very well with given references at computational overheads < 20% and sometimes much smaller compared to a plain self-consistency cycle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Sinstein
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Christoph Scheurer
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Sebastian Matera
- Institut für Mathematik, Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 9, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Harald Oberhofer
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München , Lichtenbergstraße 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zhou Z, Yu J, Colell JFP, Laasner R, Logan A, Barskiy D, Schepin R, Chekmenev EY, Blum V, Warren WS, Theis T. Long-Lived 13C 2 Nuclear Spin States Hyperpolarized by Parahydrogen in Reversible Exchange at Microtesla Fields. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:3008-3014. [PMID: 28594557 PMCID: PMC5580346 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Parahydrogen is an inexpensive and readily available source of hyperpolarization used to enhance magnetic resonance signals by up to four orders of magnitude above thermal signals obtained at ∼10 T. A significant challenge for applications is fast signal decay after hyperpolarization. Here we use parahydrogen-based polarization transfer catalysis at microtesla fields (first introduced as SABRE-SHEATH) to hyperpolarize 13C2 spin pairs and find decay time constants of 12 s for magnetization at 0.3 mT, which are extended to 2 min at that same field, when long-lived singlet states are hyperpolarized instead. Enhancements over thermal at 8.5 T are between 30 and 170 fold (0.02 to 0.12% polarization). We control the spin dynamics of polarization transfer by choice of microtesla field, allowing for deliberate hyperpolarization of either magnetization or long-lived singlet states. Density functional theory calculations and experimental evidence identify two energetically close mechanisms for polarization transfer: First, a model that involves direct binding of the 13C2 pair to the polarization transfer catalyst and, second, a model transferring polarization through auxiliary protons in substrates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zijian Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Jin Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | | | - Raul Laasner
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Angus Logan
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Danila Barskiy
- Departments of Radiology, Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Nashville, TN 37232, United States
| | - Roman Schepin
- Departments of Radiology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Departments of Radiology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
- Departments of Radiology, Physics and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
| | - Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham NC 27708, United States
- Corresponding Author: To whom correspondence should be addressed.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shin D, Zhu T, Huang X, Gunawan O, Blum V, Mitzi DB. Earth-Abundant Chalcogenide Photovoltaic Devices with over 5% Efficiency Based on a Cu 2 BaSn(S,Se) 4 Absorber. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1606945. [PMID: 28425630 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201606945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, Cu2 ZnSn(S,Se)4 (CZTSSe) materials have enabled important progress in associated thin-film photovoltaic (PV) technology, while avoiding scarce and/or toxic metals; however, cationic disorder and associated band tailing fundamentally limit device performance. Cu2 BaSnS4 (CBTS) has recently been proposed as a prospective alternative large bandgap (~2 eV), environmentally friendly PV material, with ~2% power conversion efficiency (PCE) already demonstrated in corresponding devices. In this study, a two-step process (i.e., precursor sputter deposition followed by successive sulfurization/selenization) yields high-quality nominally pinhole-free films with large (>1 µm) grains of selenium-incorporated (x = 3) Cu2 BaSnS4-x Sex (CBTSSe) for high-efficiency PV devices. By incorporating Se in the sulfide film, absorber layers with 1.55 eV bandgap, ideal for single-junction PV, have been achieved within the CBTSSe trigonal structural family. The abrupt transition in quantum efficiency data for wavelengths above the absorption edge, coupled with a strong sharp photoluminescence feature, confirms the relative absence of band tailing in CBTSSe compared to CZTSSe. For the first time, by combining bandgap tuning with an air-annealing step, a CBTSSe-based PV device with 5.2% PCE (total area 0.425 cm2 ) is reported, >2.5× better than the previous champion pure sulfide device. These results suggest substantial promise for the emerging Se-rich Cu2 BaSnS4-x Sex family for high-efficiency and earth-abundant PV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donghyeop Shin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - Oki Gunawan
- IBM T. J. Watson Research Center, P.O. Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY, 10598, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - David B Mitzi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Jensen SR, Saha S, Flores-Livas JA, Huhn W, Blum V, Goedecker S, Frediani L. The Elephant in the Room of Density Functional Theory Calculations. J Phys Chem Lett 2017; 8:1449-1457. [PMID: 28291362 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.7b00255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using multiwavelets, we have obtained total energies and corresponding atomization energies for the GGA-PBE and hybrid-PBE0 density functionals for a test set of 211 molecules with an unprecedented and guaranteed μHartree accuracy. These quasi-exact references allow us to quantify the accuracy of standard all-electron basis sets that are believed to be highly accurate for molecules, such as Gaussian-type orbitals (GTOs), all-electron numeric atom-centered orbitals (NAOs), and full-potential augmented plane wave (APW) methods. We show that NAOs are able to achieve the so-called chemical accuracy (1 kcal/mol) for the typical basis set sizes used in applications, for both total and atomization energies. For GTOs, a triple-ζ quality basis has mean errors of ∼10 kcal/mol in total energies, while chemical accuracy is almost reached for a quintuple-ζ basis. Due to systematic error cancellations, atomization energy errors are reduced by almost an order of magnitude, placing chemical accuracy within reach also for medium to large GTO bases, albeit with significant outliers. In order to check the accuracy of the computed densities, we have also investigated the dipole moments, where in general only the largest NAO and GTO bases are able to yield errors below 0.01 D. The observed errors are similar across the different functionals considered here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stig Rune Jensen
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Santanu Saha
- Department of Physics, Universität Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - José A Flores-Livas
- Department of Physics, Universität Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - William Huhn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stefan Goedecker
- Department of Physics, Universität Basel , Klingelbergstrasse 82, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Luca Frediani
- Centre for Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, UiT - The Arctic University of Norway , N-9037 Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Blum V, Heini AD, Novak U, Taleghani BM, Baerlocher GM, Leibundgut K, Seipel K, Banz Y, Bargetzi M, Pabst T. Hematopoietic stem cell remobilization with vinorelbine and filgrastim in AML. Bone Marrow Transplant 2017; 52:786-788. [PMID: 28194031 DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2017.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V Blum
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - A D Heini
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - U Novak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - B M Taleghani
- Department of Hematology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - G M Baerlocher
- Department of Hematology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Leibundgut
- Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - K Seipel
- Department of Clinical Research, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Y Banz
- Institute of Pathology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Bargetzi
- Department of Hematology, Kantonsspital, Aarau, Switzerland
| | - T Pabst
- Department of Medical Oncology, Inselspital, University Hospital Bern, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Ropo M, Blum V, Baldauf C. Trends for isolated amino acids and dipeptides: Conformation, divalent ion binding, and remarkable similarity of binding to calcium and lead. Sci Rep 2016; 6:35772. [PMID: 27808109 PMCID: PMC5093913 DOI: 10.1038/srep35772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 10/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We derive structural and binding energy trends for twenty amino acids, their dipeptides, and their interactions with the divalent cations Ca2+, Ba2+, Sr2+, Cd2+, Pb2+, and Hg2+. The underlying data set consists of more than 45,000 first-principles predicted conformers with relative energies up to ~4 eV (~400 kJ/mol). We show that only very few distinct backbone structures of isolated amino acids and their dipeptides emerge as lowest-energy conformers. The isolated amino acids predominantly adopt structures that involve an acidic proton shared between the carboxy and amino function. Dipeptides adopt one of two intramolecular-hydrogen bonded conformations C5 or . Upon complexation with a divalent cation, the accessible conformational space shrinks and intramolecular hydrogen bonding is prevented due to strong electrostatic interaction of backbone and side chain functional groups with cations. Clear correlations emerge from the binding energies of the six divalent ions with amino acids and dipeptides. Cd2+ and Hg2+ show the largest binding energies-a potential correlation with their known high acute toxicities. Ca2+ and Pb2+ reveal almost identical binding energies across the entire series of amino acids and dipeptides. This observation validates past indications that ion-mimicry of calcium and lead should play an important role in a toxicological context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. Ropo
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Physics, Tampere University of Technology, Finland
- COMP, Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, Finland
| | - V. Blum
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - C. Baldauf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Tu Q, Lange B, Parlak Z, Lopes JMJ, Blum V, Zauscher S. Quantitative Subsurface Atomic Structure Fingerprint for 2D Materials and Heterostructures by First-Principles-Calibrated Contact-Resonance Atomic Force Microscopy. ACS Nano 2016; 10:6491-6500. [PMID: 27263541 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.6b02402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Interfaces and subsurface layers are critical for the performance of devices made of 2D materials and heterostructures. Facile, nondestructive, and quantitative ways to characterize the structure of atomically thin, layered materials are thus essential to ensure control of the resultant properties. Here, we show that contact-resonance atomic force microscopy-which is exquisitely sensitive to stiffness changes that arise from even a single atomic layer of a van der Waals-adhered material-is a powerful experimental tool to address this challenge. A combined density functional theory and continuum modeling approach is introduced that yields sub-surface-sensitive, nanomechanical fingerprints associated with specific, well-defined structure models of individual surface domains. Where such models are known, this information can be correlated with experimentally obtained contact-resonance frequency maps to reveal the (sub)surface structure of different domains on the sample.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qing Tu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Björn Lange
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Zehra Parlak
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Joao Marcelo J Lopes
- Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik , Hausvogteiplatz 5-7, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Stefan Zauscher
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University , Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lejaeghere K, Bihlmayer G, Björkman T, Blaha P, Blügel S, Blum V, Caliste D, Castelli IE, Clark SJ, Dal Corso A, de Gironcoli S, Deutsch T, Dewhurst JK, Di Marco I, Draxl C, Dułak M, Eriksson O, Flores-Livas JA, Garrity KF, Genovese L, Giannozzi P, Giantomassi M, Goedecker S, Gonze X, Grånäs O, Gross EKU, Gulans A, Gygi F, Hamann DR, Hasnip PJ, Holzwarth NAW, Iuşan D, Jochym DB, Jollet F, Jones D, Kresse G, Koepernik K, Küçükbenli E, Kvashnin YO, Locht ILM, Lubeck S, Marsman M, Marzari N, Nitzsche U, Nordström L, Ozaki T, Paulatto L, Pickard CJ, Poelmans W, Probert MIJ, Refson K, Richter M, Rignanese GM, Saha S, Scheffler M, Schlipf M, Schwarz K, Sharma S, Tavazza F, Thunström P, Tkatchenko A, Torrent M, Vanderbilt D, van Setten MJ, Van Speybroeck V, Wills JM, Yates JR, Zhang GX, Cottenier S. Reproducibility in density functional theory calculations of solids. Science 2016; 351:aad3000. [PMID: 27013736 DOI: 10.1126/science.aad3000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The widespread popularity of density functional theory has given rise to an extensive range of dedicated codes for predicting molecular and crystalline properties. However, each code implements the formalism in a different way, raising questions about the reproducibility of such predictions. We report the results of a community-wide effort that compared 15 solid-state codes, using 40 different potentials or basis set types, to assess the quality of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof equations of state for 71 elemental crystals. We conclude that predictions from recent codes and pseudopotentials agree very well, with pairwise differences that are comparable to those between different high-precision experiments. Older methods, however, have less precise agreement. Our benchmark provides a framework for users and developers to document the precision of new applications and methodological improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kurt Lejaeghere
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - Gustav Bihlmayer
- Peter Grünberg Institute and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA (Jülich Aachen Research Alliance), D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Torbjörn Björkman
- Department of Physics, Åbo Akademi, FI-20500 Turku, Finland. Centre of Excellence in Computational Nanoscience (COMP) and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Post Office Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Peter Blaha
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Blügel
- Peter Grünberg Institute and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich and JARA (Jülich Aachen Research Alliance), D-52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Damien Caliste
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie-Modeling and Material Exploration Department (INAC-MEM), Laboratoire de Simulation Atomistique (L_Sim), F-38042 Grenoble, France. Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), INAC-MEM, L_Sim, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Ivano E Castelli
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Stewart J Clark
- Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK
| | - Andrea Dal Corso
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) and DEMOCRITOS, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano de Gironcoli
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) and DEMOCRITOS, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Thierry Deutsch
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie-Modeling and Material Exploration Department (INAC-MEM), Laboratoire de Simulation Atomistique (L_Sim), F-38042 Grenoble, France. Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), INAC-MEM, L_Sim, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - John Kay Dewhurst
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Igor Di Marco
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Claudia Draxl
- Institut für Physik and Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences (IRIS)-Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 6, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Marcin Dułak
- Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Olle Eriksson
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - José A Flores-Livas
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Kevin F Garrity
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Luigi Genovese
- Université Grenoble Alpes, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogénie-Modeling and Material Exploration Department (INAC-MEM), Laboratoire de Simulation Atomistique (L_Sim), F-38042 Grenoble, France. Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), INAC-MEM, L_Sim, F-38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Paolo Giannozzi
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Physics, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Matteo Giantomassi
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Nanoscopic Physics (NAPS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, BE-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Stefan Goedecker
- Institut für Physik, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xavier Gonze
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Nanoscopic Physics (NAPS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, BE-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Oscar Grånäs
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - E K U Gross
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Andris Gulans
- Institut für Physik and Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences (IRIS)-Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 6, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - François Gygi
- Department of Computer Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - D R Hamann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA. Mat-Sim Research, Post Office Box 742, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA
| | - Phil J Hasnip
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - N A W Holzwarth
- Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA
| | - Diana Iuşan
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Dominik B Jochym
- Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | | | - Daniel Jones
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Georg Kresse
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Sensengasse 8/12, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Klaus Koepernik
- Leibniz‑Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) Dresden, Post Office Box 270 116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Emine Küçükbenli
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) and DEMOCRITOS, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Yaroslav O Kvashnin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Inka L M Locht
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Sven Lubeck
- Institut für Physik and Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences (IRIS)-Adlershof, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Zum Großen Windkanal 6, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - Martijn Marsman
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Sensengasse 8/12, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicola Marzari
- Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Nitzsche
- Leibniz‑Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) Dresden, Post Office Box 270 116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany
| | - Lars Nordström
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Taisuke Ozaki
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan
| | - Lorenzo Paulatto
- Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universités-Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unité Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7590, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD) Unité de Recherche 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Chris J Pickard
- Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK
| | - Ward Poelmans
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. High Performance Computing Unit, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S9, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matt I J Probert
- Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Keith Refson
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK. ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - Manuel Richter
- Leibniz‑Institut für Festkörper- und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) Dresden, Post Office Box 270 116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universität Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Gian-Marco Rignanese
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Nanoscopic Physics (NAPS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, BE-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Santanu Saha
- Institut für Physik, Universität Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Scheffler
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Department, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5050, USA
| | - Martin Schlipf
- Department of Computer Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Karlheinz Schwarz
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sangeeta Sharma
- Max-Planck-Institut für Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Francesca Tavazza
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Patrik Thunström
- Institute for Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandre Tkatchenko
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg
| | | | - David Vanderbilt
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA
| | - Michiel J van Setten
- Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Nanoscopic Physics (NAPS), Université Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Étoiles 8, BE-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Veronique Van Speybroeck
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| | - John M Wills
- Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA
| | - Jonathan R Yates
- Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK
| | - Guo-Xu Zhang
- Institute of Theoretical and Simulational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China
| | - Stefaan Cottenier
- Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Theis T, Ortiz GX, Logan AWJ, Claytor KE, Feng Y, Huhn WP, Blum V, Malcolmson SJ, Chekmenev EY, Wang Q, Warren WS. Direct and cost-efficient hyperpolarization of long-lived nuclear spin states on universal (15)N2-diazirine molecular tags. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501438. [PMID: 27051867 PMCID: PMC4820385 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Conventional magnetic resonance (MR) faces serious sensitivity limitations which can be overcome by hyperpolarization methods, but the most common method (dynamic nuclear polarization) is complex and expensive, and applications are limited by short spin lifetimes (typically seconds) of biologically relevant molecules. We use a recently developed method, SABRE-SHEATH, to directly hyperpolarize (15)N2 magnetization and long-lived (15)N2 singlet spin order, with signal decay time constants of 5.8 and 23 minutes, respectively. We find >10,000-fold enhancements generating detectable nuclear MR signals that last for over an hour. (15)N2-diazirines represent a class of particularly promising and versatile molecular tags, and can be incorporated into a wide range of biomolecules without significantly altering molecular function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (W.S.W.); (Q.W.); (T.T.)
| | | | | | | | - Yesu Feng
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - William P. Huhn
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
| | | | - Eduard Y. Chekmenev
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Institute of Imaging Science, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Qiu Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (W.S.W.); (Q.W.); (T.T.)
| | - Warren S. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Department of Physics, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Departments of Radiology and Biomedical Engineering, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
- Corresponding author. E-mail: (W.S.W.); (Q.W.); (T.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Affiliation(s)
- Adriana Supady
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Volker Blum
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering & Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Carsten Baldauf
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Berger D, Logsdail AJ, Oberhofer H, Farrow MR, Catlow CRA, Sherwood P, Sokol AA, Blum V, Reuter K. Embedded-cluster calculations in a numeric atomic orbital density-functional theory framework. J Chem Phys 2015; 141:024105. [PMID: 25027997 DOI: 10.1063/1.4885816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We integrate the all-electron electronic structure code FHI-aims into the general ChemShell package for solid-state embedding quantum and molecular mechanical (QM/MM) calculations. A major undertaking in this integration is the implementation of pseudopotential functionality into FHI-aims to describe cations at the QM/MM boundary through effective core potentials and therewith prevent spurious overpolarization of the electronic density. Based on numeric atomic orbital basis sets, FHI-aims offers particularly efficient access to exact exchange and second order perturbation theory, rendering the established QM/MM setup an ideal tool for hybrid and double-hybrid level density functional theory calculations of solid systems. We illustrate this capability by calculating the reduction potential of Fe in the Fe-substituted ZSM-5 zeolitic framework and the reaction energy profile for (photo-)catalytic water oxidation at TiO2(110).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Berger
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Andrew J Logsdail
- Department of Chemistry, Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Harald Oberhofer
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| | - Matthew R Farrow
- Department of Chemistry, Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - C Richard A Catlow
- Department of Chemistry, Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Sherwood
- Scientific Computing Department, STFC Daresbury Laboratory, Daresbury, Warrington, United Kingdom
| | - Alexey A Sokol
- Department of Chemistry, Kathleen Lonsdale Materials Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon St., London WC1H 0AJ, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Blum
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Karsten Reuter
- Chair for Theoretical Chemistry and Catalysis Research Center, Technische Universität München, Lichtenbergstr. 4, D-85747 Garching, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Sforzini J, Nemec L, Denig T, Stadtmüller B, Lee TL, Kumpf C, Soubatch S, Starke U, Rinke P, Blum V, Bocquet FC, Tautz FS. Approaching truly freestanding graphene: the structure of hydrogen-intercalated graphene on 6H-SiC(0001). Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:106804. [PMID: 25815955 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.106804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We measure the adsorption height of hydrogen-intercalated quasifreestanding monolayer graphene on the (0001) face of 6H silicon carbide by the normal incidence x-ray standing wave technique. A density functional calculation for the full (6√3×6√3)-R30° unit cell, based on a van der Waals corrected exchange correlation functional, finds a purely physisorptive adsorption height in excellent agreement with experiments, a very low buckling of the graphene layer, a very homogeneous electron density at the interface, and the lowest known adsorption energy per atom for graphene on any substrate. A structural comparison to other graphenes suggests that hydrogen-intercalated graphene on 6H-SiC(0001) approaches ideal graphene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Sforzini
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - L Nemec
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Denig
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - B Stadtmüller
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - T-L Lee
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, OX110DE Oxfordshire, United Kingdom
| | - C Kumpf
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - S Soubatch
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - U Starke
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - P Rinke
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- COMP/Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, P.O. Box 11100, Aalto FI-00076, Finland
| | - V Blum
- Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, 14195 Berlin, Germany
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Material Science, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - F C Bocquet
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| | - F S Tautz
- Peter Grünberg Institut (PGI-3), Forschungszentrum Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany
- Jülich Aachen Research Alliance (JARA), Fundamentals of Future Information Technology, 52425 Jülich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Lau VWH, Mesch MB, Duppel V, Blum V, Senker J, Lotsch BV. Low-Molecular-Weight Carbon Nitrides for Solar Hydrogen Evolution. J Am Chem Soc 2015; 137:1064-72. [DOI: 10.1021/ja511802c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 272] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Wing-hei Lau
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Maria B. Mesch
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße
30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Viola Duppel
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Volker Blum
- Department
of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science and Center for Materials
Genomics, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, United States
| | - Jürgen Senker
- Department
of Inorganic Chemistry III, University of Bayreuth, Universitätsstraße
30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
| | - Bettina V. Lotsch
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Munich, Butenandtstraße 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
- Nanosystems Initiative
Munich (NIM) and Center for Nanoscience, Schellingstraße 4, 80799 Munich, Germany
| |
Collapse
|