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Kiran S, Tariq A, Iqbal S, Naseem Z, Siddique W, Jabeen S, Bashir R, Hussain A, Rahman M, Habib FE, Rauf W, Ali A, Sarwar Y, Jander G, Iqbal M. Punicalagin, a pomegranate polyphenol sensitizes the activity of antibiotics against three MDR pathogens of the Enterobacteriaceae. BMC Complement Med Ther 2024; 24:93. [PMID: 38365729 PMCID: PMC10870630 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-024-04376-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multidrug resistance (MDR) in the family Enterobacteriaceae is a perniciously increasing threat to global health security. The discovery of new antimicrobials having the reversing drug resistance potential may contribute to augment and revive the antibiotic arsenal in hand. This study aimed to explore the anti-Enterobacteriaceae capability of bioactive polyphenols from Punica granatum (P. granatum) and their co-action with antibiotics against clinical isolates of Enterobacteriaceae predominantly prevalent in South Asian countries. METHODS The Kandhari P. granatum (Pakistani origin) extracts were tested for anti-Enterobacteriaceae activity by agar well diffusion assay against MDR Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi, serovar Typhimurium and Escherichia coli. Predominant compounds of active extract were determined by mass spectrometry and screened for bioactivity by agar well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) assay. The active punicalagin was further evaluated at sub-inhibitory concentrations (SICs) for coactivity with nine conventional antimicrobials using a disc diffusion assay followed by time-kill experiments that proceeded with SICs of punicalagin and antimicrobials. RESULTS Among all P. granatum crude extracts, pomegranate peel methanol extract showed the largest inhibition zones of 25, 22 and 19 mm, and the MICs as 3.9, 7.8 and 7.8 mg/mL for S. typhi, S. typhimurium and E. coli, respectively. Punicalagin and ellagic acid were determined as predominant compounds by mass spectrometry. In plate assay, punicalagin (10 mg/mL) was active with hazy inhibition zones of 17, 14, and 13 mm against S. typhi, S. typhimurium and E. coli, respectively. However, in broth dilution assay punicalagin showed no MIC up to 10 mg/mL. The SICs 30 μg, 100 μg, and 500 μg of punicalagin combined with antimicrobials i.e., aminoglycoside, β-lactam, and fluoroquinolone act in synergy against MDR strains with % increase in inhibition zone values varying from 3.4 ± 2.7% to 73.8 ± 8.4%. In time-kill curves, a significant decrease in cell density was observed with the SICs of antimicrobials/punicalagin (0.03-60 μg/mL/30, 100, 500 μg/mL of punicalagin) combinations. CONCLUSIONS The P. granatum peel methanol extract exhibited antimicrobial activity against MDR Enterobacteriaceae pathogens. Punicalagin, the bacteriostatic flavonoid act as a concentration-dependent sensitizing agent for antimicrobials against Enterobacteriaceae. Our findings for the therapeutic punicalagin-antimicrobial combination prompt further evaluation of punicalagin as a potent activator for drugs, which otherwise remain less or inactive against MDR strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Kiran
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Anam Tariq
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Shoaib Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zubera Naseem
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Siddique
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Jabeen
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rizwan Bashir
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ashfaq Hussain
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Moazur Rahman
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-i-Azam Campus, Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Fazal-E Habib
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Rauf
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Aamir Ali
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yasra Sarwar
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Georg Jander
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Cornell University, 14850 Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Mazhar Iqbal
- Health Biotechnology Division, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College, Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (NIBGE-C, PIEAS), Faisalabad, Punjab, 38000, Pakistan.
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Safhi AY, Siddique W, Zaman M, Sarfraz RM, Shafeeq Ur Rahman M, Mahmood A, Salawi A, Sabei FY, Alsalhi A, Zoghebi K. Statistically Optimized Polymeric Buccal Films of Eletriptan Hydrobromide and Itopride Hydrochloride: An In Vivo Pharmacokinetic Study. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1551. [PMID: 38004417 PMCID: PMC10674159 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A migraine is a condition of severe headaches, causing a disturbance in the daily life of the patient. The current studies were designed to develop immediate-release polymeric buccal films of Eletriptan Hydrobromide (EHBR) and Itopride Hydrochloride (ITHC) to improve their bioavailability and, hence, improve compliance with the patients of migraines and its associated symptoms. The prepared films were evaluated for various in vitro parameters, including surface morphology, mechanical strength, disintegration test (DT), total dissolving time (TDT), drug release and drug permeation, etc., and in vivo pharmacokinetic parameters, such as area under curve (AUC), mean residence time (MRT), half-life (t1/2), time to reach maximum concentration (Tmax), and time to reach maximum concentration (Cmax). The outcomes have indicated the successful preparation of the films, as SEM has confirmed the smooth surface and uniform distribution of drugs throughout the polymer matrix. The films were found to be mechanically stable as indicated by folding endurance studies. Furthermore, the optimized formulations showed a DT of 13 ± 1 s and TDT of 42.6 ± 0.75 s, indicating prompt disintegration as well as the dissolution of the films. Albino rabbits were used for in vivo pharmacokinetics, and the outcomes were evident of improved pharmacokinetics. The drug was found to rapidly permeate across the buccal mucosa, leading to increased bioavailability of the drug: Cmax of 130 and 119 ng/mL of ITHC and EHBR, respectively, as compared to 96 (ITHC) and 90 ng/mL (EHBR) of oral solution. The conclusion can be drawn that possible reasons for the enhanced bioavailability could be the increased surface area in the form of buccal films, its rapid disintegration, and faster dissolution, which led toward the rapid absorption of the drug into the blood stream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Awaji Y. Safhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.Y.S.); (F.Y.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Waqar Siddique
- Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Riphah International University, Lahore Campus, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | | | | | - Asif Mahmood
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chakwal, Chakwal 48800, Pakistan;
| | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.Y.S.); (F.Y.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Fahad Y. Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.Y.S.); (F.Y.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Abdullah Alsalhi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia; (A.Y.S.); (F.Y.S.); (A.A.)
| | - Khalid Zoghebi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia;
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Siddique W, Zaman M, Sarfraz RM, Butt MH, Rehman AU, Fassih N, Albadrani GM, Bayram R, Alfaifi MY, Abdel-Daim MM. The Development of Eletriptan Hydrobromide Immediate Release Buccal Films Using Central Composite Rotatable Design: An In Vivo and In Vitro Approach. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14193981. [PMID: 36235932 PMCID: PMC9572369 DOI: 10.3390/polym14193981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective is to develop immediate release buccal films of Eletriptan Hydrobromide (EHBR) using hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) E5. The buccal films have the ability to disintegrate rapidly and provide both systemic and local effects. The solvent casting method was employed to prepare the films and the central composite rotatable design (CCRD) model was used for film optimization. All the formulated films were characterized for physicochemical evaluation (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), and Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), in in-vitro, ex-vivo, and in-vivo drug release. The fabricated films were transparent, colorless, and evenly distributed. The FTIR spectra showed no chemical interaction between the drug and excipients. In in-vitro analysis, the film has the highest% drug release (102.61 ± 1.13), while a maximum of 92.87 ± 0.87% drug was diffused across the cellulose membrane having a pore size of 0.45 µm. In the ex-vivo study, drug diffusion across the goat mucosa was performed and 80.9% of the drug was released in 30 min. In-vivo results depict a mean half-life (t½) of 4.54 ± 0.18 h and a Cmax of 128 ± 0.87 (ng/mL); Tmax was achieved in 1 h. Furthermore, instability and histopathological studies buccal films were proven to be safe and act as an effective dosage form. In a nutshell, optimized and safe instant release EHBR buccal films were prepared that have the tendency to provide effect effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Siddique
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of South Asia, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Rai Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha 40100, Pakistan
- Correspondence: (M.Z.); (R.M.S.)
| | - Muhammad Hammad Butt
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Atta Ur Rehman
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Noman Fassih
- Department of Medical Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Ghadeer M. Albadrani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia
| | - Roula Bayram
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Y. Alfaifi
- Biology Department, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 9004, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M. Abdel-Daim
- Pharmacy Program, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Batterjee Medical College, Jeddah 21442, Saudi Arabia
- Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
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Siddique W, Sarfraz RM, Zaman M, Khan R, Gul M, Asghar F, Malik T, Saif A, Shamim QUA, Salawi A, Alshamrani M, Almoshari Y, Sabei FY. Method development and validation for simultaneous determination of Eletriptan hydrobromide and Itopride hydrochloride from fast dissolving buccal films by using RP-HPLC. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2022. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2022.01072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
One of the most effective, rapid, and simple methods reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used for simultaneous development and validation of Eletriptan hydrobromide (ELE HBR) and Itopride hydrochloride (ITP HCL) in combination. The method was validated based on the regulations of United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Separation of both drugs was achieved within approximately 5 min by using a mobile phase made up of a 70:30 ratio of phosphate buffer and acetonitrile having a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. Furthermore, a comprehensive study was conducted on precision, accuracy, linearity, inter-day, intra-day studies, an assay of formulated films, and stability studies of combined prepared film. Co-efficient of correlation ranged between 0.9993, and 0.9965 for ELE HBR and ITP HCL respectively. The accuracy of the developed method was accurate as drug recoveries in both cases of ITP HCL, and ELE HBR falls between (99.87, 99.96, and 99.84%) to (99.81, 99.12, and 98.44%) respectively having a concentration range of solutions between 10, 30 and 50 μg mL−1 dilution. Films developed by using both drugs in combination were then validated for assay studies, and it was found that substantial results of 99.05%, and 99.87% were found in the case of ITP HCL and ELE HBR respectively. The stability of the solution and mobile phase showed the method's accuracy as the results were 97% for ITP HCL and 99% for ELE HBR. The proposed method developed for simultaneous determination of ITP HCL and ELE HBR was developed and validation and no interaction of any excipient were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waqar Siddique
- College of Pharmacy, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan
- Department of Pharmacy, University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Riffat Khan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johar Institute of Professional Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Maria Gul
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johar Institute of Professional Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Farhan Asghar
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johar Institute of Professional Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Tangina Malik
- Department of Pharmacy, Akhtar Saeed Medical and Dental College Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Asiya Saif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | | | - Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad Y. Sabei
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
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Salawi A, Alam M, Zaman M, Qureshi S, Sikandar Shah S, Majeed I, Farooq U, Mustafa W, Shamim QUA, Siddique W, Almoshari Y, Alshamrani M. Optimization and fabrication of the nanosponge carriers of on dansetron using one-factor design. Pak J Pharm Sci 2022; 35:1135-1142. [PMID: 36008912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The current studies were aimed to formulate ethyl cellulose (EC), beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD facilitated EC based Ondansetron nanosponges (NS) using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) by employing One Factor Design. The NS were fabricated by Emulsion Solvent Diffusion method, followed by characterizations including, drug-polymer compatibility, entrapment efficiency, percentage yield, zeta size, zeta potential and in-vitro release of drug and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and X-Ray Diffractometry (XRD). The outcomes of Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) have confirmed the compatibility of the drug and excipients. It was found that NS have good entrapment efficiency along with their satisfactory percentage yield. Particle size analysis has confirmed the synthesis of nanosized NS (87.8nm to 108.2nm), having spongy surface, that was described by SEM results. Furthermore, the drug release studies have described a good sustained release of ondansetron for the period of 8 hours. The kinetic modeling has predicted that drug would follow the non fickian type of diffusion mechanism. The application of statistical approach was found helpful in designing and evaluating the NS, avoiding the laborious work, needs to be conducted while using hit and trial method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmad Salawi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mehwish Alam
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sundus Qureshi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed Sikandar Shah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, European University of Lefke, Lefke, Northern Cyprus, TR-10 Mersin, Turkey
| | - Imtiaz Majeed
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Umer Farooq
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Mustafa
- Department of Pharmacy, Forman Christian College (A Chartered University), Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Waqar Siddique
- Department of Pharmacy, University of South Asia, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Yosif Almoshari
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Meshal Alshamrani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
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Zaman M, Hassan R, Amjad MW, Khan SM, Gaffor Raja MA, Shah SS, Siddique W, Aman W, Abid Z, Butt MH. Formulation of instant disintegrating buccal films without using disintegrant: An in-vitro study. Pak J Pharm Sci 2021; 34:2357-2364. [PMID: 35039274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The current study was conducted to fabricate Metoclopramide HCL (MCH) and Sumatriptan succinate (SS) instant release buccal films (IRBF) without using any super disintegrant. The solvent casting method was used for the preparation of IRBFs and prepared IRBFs were physicochemically evaluated. Spectrophotometric analysis was done to determine the lambda max followed by the linearity determination of both drugs. Different concentrations such as 100, 125, and 150mg of hydrophilic polymer (HPMC E5) were employed but the concentration of glycerol was variable. Comparatively better results were observed for the formulation with 150mg of HPMC E5 and 30% glycerol. Formulated IRBFs showed good tensile strength with a mean disintegration time of 12.4-28.4 seconds and rapid dissolution with more than 50% drug release within 2 minutes. It was concluded that the chosen combination of polymers was appropriate for the fabrication of MCH and SS buccal strips.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zaman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Hassan
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Syed Sikandar Shah
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Near East University, North Cyprus, Turkey
| | - Waqar Siddique
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johar Institute of Professional Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Aman
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Central Punjab Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Zahra Abid
- Department of Biotechnology, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore, Pakistan
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Hanif M, Shah S, Rasool N, Saadullah M, Khan AR, Siddique W, Nasir B, Rasul A, Abbas G, Khan SM, Ahmed MM. Development and characterization of novel pectin rafts for the delivery of ibandronate. Bioinspired, Biomimetic and Nanobiomaterials 2020. [DOI: 10.1680/jbibn.20.00026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Bisphosphonates cause irritation of the esophagus and stomach after oral administration. This study was planned to overcome the problems associated with bisphosphonates through the formation of rafts in the stomach and enhance the availability of the drug at the absorption site. A novel pectin raft was developed through the utilization of citrus pectin. The percentage of pectin and profile of neutralization of the raft were investigated. Ibandronate, the polymers and the developed formulation were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The release of ibandronate was investigated in 0.1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl), 0.5 N hydrochloric acid, 1.0 N hydrochloric acid and simulated gastric fluid (SGF), and a cell viability study was performed using Caco-2 cells. The RFF5 formulation contained 94.58% pectin, and the duration of neutralization was 45.41 min. The FTIR and XRD showed the chemical stability and uniform distribution of ibandronate in the raft. The TGA and DSC indicated the thermal stability of the formulation. RFF5 showed 99.95% release of ibandronate at 5 min in SGF. RFF5 showed up to 90.47% cell viability when Caco-2 cells were treated with or without the drug (ibandronate). The developed raft can effectively stop the irritation of the stomach and esophagus caused by ibandronate and improve the availability of the drug at the absorption site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Hanif
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Shah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Nasir Rasool
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Malik Saadullah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Rehman Khan
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Comsats Institute of Information Technology, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Waqar Siddique
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Johar Institute of Professional Studies, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Nasir
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Akhtar Rasul
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Abbas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sajid Mehmood Khan
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Alternative Medicine, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
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