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Abstract
This work extends an extreme variant of superconformal Au electrodeposition to deeper device architectures while exploring factors that constrain its function and the robustness of void-free processing. The unconventional bottom-up process is used to fill diffraction gratings with trenches 94 μm deep and 305 μm deep, with aspect ratios (height/width) of just below 20 and 15, respectively, in near-neutral 0.16 mol·L-1 Na3Au(SO3)2 + 0.64 mol·L-1 Na2SO3 electrolyte containing 50 μmol·L-1 Bi3+. Although the aspect ratios are modest compared to previously demonstrated void-free filling beyond AR = 60, the deepest trenches filled exceed those in previous work by 100 μm - a nearly 50 % increase in depth. Processes that substantially accelerate the start of bottom-up deposition demonstrate a linkage between transport and void-free filling. Final profiles are highly uniform across 65 mm square gratings because of self-passivation inherent in the process. Electron microscopy and electron backscatter diffraction confirm the fully dense Au and void-free filling suggested by the electrochemical measurements. X-ray transmission "fringe visibility" average more than 80 % at 50 kV X-ray tube voltage across the deeper gratings and 70 % at 40 kV across the shallower gratings, also consistent with uniformly dense, void-free fill across the gratings.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Josell
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - W Osborn
- Materials Measurement Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, 20899, USA
| | - M E Williams
- Materials Science and Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - H Miao
- General Optics, LLC, Zionsville, IN 46077
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John AS, Wang Y, Chen J, Osborn W, Wang X, Lim E, Chung D, Stern S, White N, Fu X, López J. Plasma proteomic profile associated with platelet dysfunction after trauma. J Thromb Haemost 2021; 19:1666-1675. [PMID: 33774904 PMCID: PMC8793912 DOI: 10.1111/jth.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coagulopathic bleeding is a major cause of mortality after trauma, and platelet dysfunction contributes to this problem. The causes of platelet dysfunction are relatively unknown, but a great deal can be learned from the plasma environment about the possible pathways involved. OBJECTIVE Describe the changes in plasma proteomic profile associated with platelet dysfunction after trauma. METHODS Citrated blood was collected from severely injured trauma patients at the time of their arrival to the Emergency Department. Samples were collected from 110 patients, and a subset of twenty-four patients was identified by a preserved (n = 12) or severely impaired (n = 12) platelet aggregation response to five different agonists. Untargeted proteomics was performed by nanoflow liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Protein abundance levels for each patient were normalized to total protein concentration to control for hemodilution by crystalloid fluid infusion prior to blood draw. RESULTS Patients with platelet dysfunction were more severely injured but otherwise demographically similar to those with retained platelet function. Of 232 proteins detected, twelve were significantly different between groups. These proteins fall into several broad categories related to platelet function, including microvascular obstruction with platelet activation, immune activation, and protease activation. CONCLUSIONS This observational study provides a description of the change in proteomic profile associated with platelet dysfunction after trauma and identifies twelve proteins with the most profound changes. The pathways involving these proteins are salient targets for immediate investigation to better understand platelet dysfunction after trauma and identify targets for intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander St. John
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Junmei Chen
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Xu Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Esther Lim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | | | - Susan Stern
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nathan White
- Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - José López
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
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Brown E, Ozawa K, Moccetti F, Vinson A, Hodovan J, Nguyen TA, Bader L, López JA, Kievit P, Shaw GD, Chung DW, Osborn W, Fu X, Chen J, Lindner JR. Arterial Platelet Adhesion in Atherosclerosis-Prone Arteries of Obese, Insulin-Resistant Nonhuman Primates. J Am Heart Assoc 2021; 10:e019413. [PMID: 33880941 PMCID: PMC8200741 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.120.019413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Platelet–endothelial interactions are thought to contribute to early atherogenesis. These interactions are potentiated by oxidative stress. We used in vivo molecular imaging to test the hypothesis that platelet–endothelial interactions occur at early stages of plaque development in obese, insulin‐resistant nonhuman primates, and are suppressed by NADPH‐oxidase‐2 inhibition. Methods and Results Six adult rhesus macaques fed a Western‐style diet for a median of 4.0 years were studied at baseline and after 8 weeks of therapy with the NADPH‐oxidase‐2‐inhibitor apocynin (50 mg/kg per day). Six lean control animals were also studied. Measurements included intravenous glucose tolerance test, body composition by dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometry, carotid intimal medial thickness, carotid artery contrast ultrasound molecular imaging for platelet GPIbα (glycoprotein‐ Ibα) and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1, and blood oxidative markers on mass spectrometry. Compared with lean controls, animals on a Western‐style diet were obese (median body mass: 16.0 versus 8.7 kg, P=0.003; median truncal fat: 49% versus 20%, P=0.002), were insulin resistant (4‐fold higher insulin–glucose area under the curve on intravenous glucose tolerance test, P=0.002), had 40% larger carotid intimal medial thickness (P=0.004), and exhibited oxidative signatures on proteomics. In obese but not lean animals, signal enhancement on molecular imaging was significantly elevated for GPIbα and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1. The signal correlated modestly with intimal medial thickness but not with the degree of insulin resistance. Apocynin significantly (P<0.01) reduced median signal for GPIbα by >80% and vascular cell adhesion molecule‐1 signal by 75%, but did not affect intimal medial thickness, body mass, or intravenous glucose tolerance test results. Conclusion In nonhuman primates, diet‐induced obesity and insulin resistance leads to platelet–endothelial adhesion at early atherosclerotic lesion sites, which is associated with the expression of pro‐inflammatory adhesion molecules. These responses appear to be mediated, in part, through oxidative pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eran Brown
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute Portland OR
| | - Koya Ozawa
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute Portland OR
| | | | - Amanda Vinson
- Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health & Science University Portland OR
| | | | | | - Lindsay Bader
- Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health & Science University Portland OR
| | | | - Paul Kievit
- Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health & Science University Portland OR
| | | | | | | | - Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Research Institute Seattle WA
| | | | - Jonathan R Lindner
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute Portland OR.,Oregon National Primate Research CenterOregon Health & Science University Portland OR
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Fu X, Cate SA, Dominguez M, Osborn W, Özpolat T, Konkle BA, Chen J, López JA. Cysteine Disulfides (Cys-ss-X) as Sensitive Plasma Biomarkers of Oxidative Stress. Sci Rep 2019; 9:115. [PMID: 30643157 PMCID: PMC6331564 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35566-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a high-throughput mass spectrometry–based method to simultaneously quantify numerous small-molecule thiols and disulfides in blood plasma. Application of this assay to analyze plasma from patients with known oxidative stress (sickle cell disease and sepsis) and from a patient with sickle cell disease treated with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine suggests that cysteine disulfides, in particular protein-bound cysteine, serve as sensitive plasma biomarkers for the extent of oxidative stress and effectiveness of antioxidant treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyun Fu
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
| | - Shelby A Cate
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Warren Osborn
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | | | - Barbara A Konkle
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Junmei Chen
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - José A López
- Bloodworks Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA. .,Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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von Wietersheim J, Scheib P, Keller W, Osborn W, Pritsch M, Balck F, Fritzsche K, Dilg R, Schmelz-Schumacher E. [The effects of psychotherapy on Crohn's disease patients--results of a randomized multicenter study]. Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol 2001; 51:2-9. [PMID: 11227321 DOI: 10.1055/s-2001-10029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
In a prospective multicenter study of Crohn disease patients, the influence of psychotherapy on the course of the disease and on psychosocial variables (anxiety, depression, life satisfaction and data of the PSKB) was studied. Psychodynamic oriented psychotherapy was provided in addition to a standardized medical treatment and took place during the first year of the two-year observation period. 108 of 488 patients were recruited and randomly assigned to the psychotherapy and the control group. 84 patients completed the somatic and 81 the psychosocial follow up. 23% of the control group and 30% of the psychotherapy group showed episode-free courses, 29% and 17% respectively underwent surgery (worst outcome group). The ranking and comparisons of the disease course showed no significant difference (p = 0.125) between psychotherapy and control group. The psychosocial variables also showed no differences between these groups. Subjectively, the patients report favourable effects to psychotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J von Wietersheim
- Klinik für Psychosomatik und Psychotherapie, Medizinische Universität zu Lübeck.
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Felder H, Meyer F, Osborn W, Pantke E, Röttgers H, Schultze-Leva A, Brähler E. Psychological aspects in the therapy of the andrological sterility factor with regard to the unfulfilled wish for a child. Andrologia 1996; 28 Suppl 1:53-6. [PMID: 9017096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Aside from knowledge of the respective causes in women and men, the therapy of couples with unfulfilled wish for a child requires the patients' willingness to submit to treatment. From a psychological point of view, the extent of the suffering is focused on, to be presupposition of the patients' compliance. Results from various research groups suggest that men tend to portray themselves as being especially unstressed. In the following report, considerations about the consequences to the doctor-patient relationships in andrology will be depicted. Among other things, the problematic relationship between the men affected and their fathers will be discussed as a possible cause of the self images of these men.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Felder
- Zentrum für Psychosomatische Medizin, JLU Giessen, Germany
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Pelican S, Batchelor B, Belshaw J, Osborn W, Pearce J, Przekurat C, Schumacher P, Strauss K. Nutrition services for alcohol/substance abuse clients. Indian Health Service's tribal survey provides insight. J Am Diet Assoc 1994; 94:835-6. [PMID: 8046172 DOI: 10.1016/0002-8223(94)92356-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Rowe FM, Osborn W. 162. A reaction of certain diazosulphonates derived from β-naphthol-1-sulphonic acid. Part XXI. Derivatives of 2′ : 4′-dinitrobenzene-2-naphthol-1-diazosulphonate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1947. [DOI: 10.1039/jr9470000829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Osborn W. Mosquitoes and Lime. Ind Med Gaz 1906; 41:498-499. [PMID: 29006144 PMCID: PMC5181046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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