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Chin WL, Zemek RM, Tilsed CM, Forrest ARR, Fear VS, Forbes C, Boon L, Bosco A, Guo BB, Millward MJ, Nowak AK, Lake RA, Lesterhuis WJ, Lassmann T. Time-course RNAseq data of murine AB1 mesothelioma and Renca renal cancer following immune checkpoint therapy. Sci Data 2024; 11:448. [PMID: 38702329 PMCID: PMC11068878 DOI: 10.1038/s41597-024-03294-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Time-critical transcriptional events in the immune microenvironment are important for response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB), yet these events are difficult to characterise and remain incompletely understood. Here, we present whole tumor RNA sequencing data in the context of treatment with ICB in murine models of AB1 mesothelioma and Renca renal cell cancer. We sequenced 144 bulk RNAseq samples from these two cancer types across 4 time points prior and after treatment with ICB. We also performed single-cell sequencing on 12 samples of AB1 and Renca tumors an hour before ICB administration. Our samples were equally distributed between responders and non-responders to treatment. Additionally, we sequenced AB1-HA mesothelioma tumors treated with two sample dissociation protocols to assess the impact of these protocols on the quality transcriptional information in our samples. These datasets provide time-course information to transcriptionally characterize the ICB response and provide detailed information at the single-cell level of the early tumor microenvironment prior to ICB therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Loong Chin
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Rachael M Zemek
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia
| | - Caitlin M Tilsed
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Vanessa S Fear
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia
| | - Catherine Forbes
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia
| | | | - Anthony Bosco
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Asthma and Airway Disease Research Center, University of Arizona, Tuscon, Arizona, USA
- Department of Immunobiology, The University of Arizona, College of Medicine, Tuscon, Arizona, USA
| | - Belinda B Guo
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Michael J Millward
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- Institute for Respiratory Health, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - W Joost Lesterhuis
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, 6009, Australia.
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia.
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, 6872, Australia.
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2
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Zemek RM, Chin WL, Fear VS, Wylie B, Casey TH, Forbes C, Tilsed CM, Boon L, Guo BB, Bosco A, Forrest ARR, Millward MJ, Nowak AK, Lake RA, Lassmann T, Joost Lesterhuis W. Temporally restricted activation of IFNβ signaling underlies response to immune checkpoint therapy in mice. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4895. [PMID: 35986006 PMCID: PMC9390963 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32567-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The biological determinants of the response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) in cancer remain incompletely understood. Little is known about dynamic biological events that underpin therapeutic efficacy due to the inability to frequently sample tumours in patients. Here, we map the transcriptional profiles of 144 responding and non-responding tumours within two mouse models at four time points during ICB. We find that responding tumours display on/fast-off kinetics of type-I-interferon (IFN) signaling. Phenocopying of this kinetics using time-dependent sequential dosing of recombinant IFNs and neutralizing antibodies markedly improves ICB efficacy, but only when IFNβ is targeted, not IFNα. We identify Ly6C+/CD11b+ inflammatory monocytes as the primary source of IFNβ and find that active type-I-IFN signaling in tumour-infiltrating inflammatory monocytes is associated with T cell expansion in patients treated with ICB. Together, our results suggest that on/fast-off modulation of IFNβ signaling is critical to the therapeutic response to ICB, which can be exploited to drive clinical outcomes towards response. Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) is partially successful as a cancer therapy. Here using mouse models, the authors transcriptionally monitor responding and non-responding tumours showing that responding tumours were associated with transient IFN-β signalling which could promote the anti-tumour response.
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3
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Principe N, Aston WJ, Hope DE, Tilsed CM, Fisher SA, Boon L, Dick IM, Chin WL, McDonnell AM, Nowak AK, Lake RA, Chee J, Lesterhuis WJ. Comprehensive Testing of Chemotherapy and Immune Checkpoint Blockade in Preclinical Cancer Models Identifies Additive Combinations. Front Immunol 2022; 13:872295. [PMID: 35634282 PMCID: PMC9132586 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.872295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that target immune checkpoints such as cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA‐4) and the programmed cell death protein 1/ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) are now a treatment option for multiple cancer types. However, as a monotherapy, objective responses only occur in a minority of patients. Chemotherapy is widely used in combination with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). Although a variety of isolated immunostimulatory effects have been reported for several classes of chemotherapeutics, it is unclear which chemotherapeutics provide the most benefit when combined with ICB. We investigated 10 chemotherapies from the main canonical classes dosed at the clinically relevant maximum tolerated dose in combination with anti‐CTLA-4/anti-PD-L1 ICB. We screened these chemo-immunotherapy combinations in two murine mesothelioma models from two different genetic backgrounds, and identified chemotherapies that produced additive, neutral or antagonistic effects when combined with ICB. Using flow cytometry and bulk RNAseq, we characterized the tumor immune milieu in additive chemo-immunotherapy combinations. 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) or cisplatin were additive when combined with ICB while vinorelbine and etoposide provided no additional benefit when combined with ICB. The combination of 5-FU with ICB augmented an inflammatory tumor microenvironment with markedly increased CD8+ T cell activation and upregulation of IFNγ, TNFα and IL-1β signaling. The effective anti‐tumor immune response of 5-FU chemo-immunotherapy was dependent on CD8+ T cells but was unaffected when TNFα or IL-1β cytokine signaling pathways were blocked. Our study identified additive and non-additive chemotherapy/ICB combinations and suggests a possible role for increased inflammation in the tumor microenvironment as a basis for effective combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Principe
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wayne J Aston
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Danika E Hope
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Caitlin M Tilsed
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Scott A Fisher
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Ian M Dick
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wee Loong Chin
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | | | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jonathan Chee
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Willem Joost Lesterhuis
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
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4
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Nowak AK, Chin WL, Keam S, Cook A. Immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2021; 162:162-168. [PMID: 34823106 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2021.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mesothelioma is a rare and universally fatal cancer linked to exposure to asbestos. Until recently, standard of care treatment was chemotherapy; a treatment resulting in a minimal survival extension, and not improved upon for almost twenty years. However, the advent of cancer immunotherapy - and in particular the immune checkpoint inhibitor class of drugs - has resulted in recently approved new treatment options, with more currently under investigation. Here, we review clinical trials of both single agent and combination checkpoint inhibitors in mesothelioma, plus studies investigating their combination with chemotherapy. We also describe current advances in biomarker identification regarding prediction of patient response to checkpoint inhibitors. Finally, we assess the probable future direction of the field; including where current and developing technologies are likely to lead - in terms of both biomarker discovery and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands WA 6009 Australia
| | - Wee Loong Chin
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands WA 6009 Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA 6009 Australia
| | - Synat Keam
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Alistair Cook
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia; Institute for Respiratory Health, Perth, WA 6009, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
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5
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Zemek RM, De Jong E, Chin WL, Schuster IS, Fear VS, Casey TH, Forbes C, Dart SJ, Leslie C, Zaitouny A, Small M, Boon L, Forrest ARR, Muiri DO, Degli-Esposti MA, Millward MJ, Nowak AK, Lassmann T, Bosco A, Lake RA, Lesterhuis WJ. Sensitization to immune checkpoint blockade through activation of a STAT1/NK axis in the tumor microenvironment. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/501/eaav7816. [PMID: 31316010 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aav7816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Cancer immunotherapy using antibodies that target immune checkpoints has delivered outstanding results. However, responses only occur in a subset of patients, and it is not fully understood what biological processes determine an effective outcome. This lack of understanding hinders the development of rational combination treatments. We set out to define the pretreatment microenvironment associated with an effective outcome by using the fact that inbred mouse strains bearing monoclonal cancer cell line-derived tumors respond in a dichotomous manner to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB). We compared the cellular composition and gene expression profiles of responsive and nonresponsive tumors from mice before ICB and validated the findings in cohorts of patients with cancer treated with ICB antibodies. We found that responsive tumors were characterized by an inflammatory gene expression signature consistent with up-regulation of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) and Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) signaling and down-regulation of interleukin-10 (IL-10) signaling. In addition, responsive tumors had more infiltrating-activated natural killer (NK) cells, which were necessary for response. Pretreatment of mice with large established tumors using the STAT1-activating cytokine interferon-γ (IFNγ), the TLR3 ligand poly(I:C), and an anti-IL-10 antibody sensitized tumors to ICB by attracting IFNγ-producing NK cells into the tumor, resulting in increased cure rates. Our results identify a pretreatment tumor microenvironment that predicts response to ICB, which can be therapeutically attained. These data suggest a biomarker-driven approach to patient management to establish whether a patient would benefit from treatment with sensitizing therapeutics before ICB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Zemek
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, M503, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 5th Floor QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Emma De Jong
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
| | - Wee Loong Chin
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 5th Floor QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, M503, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Iona S Schuster
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Vanessa S Fear
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 5th Floor QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, M503, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Thomas H Casey
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, M503, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 5th Floor QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Cath Forbes
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 5th Floor QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, M503, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Sarah J Dart
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, M503, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 5th Floor QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Connull Leslie
- Department of Anatomical Pathology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Ayham Zaitouny
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,CSIRO, Mineral Resources, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA, 6152, Australia
| | - Michael Small
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,CSIRO, Mineral Resources, 26 Dick Perry Ave, Kensington, WA, 6152, Australia
| | - Louis Boon
- Bioceros, Yalelaan 46, Alexander Numan Building, 3584 CM Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alistair R R Forrest
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Daithi O Muiri
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Mariapia A Degli-Esposti
- Immunology and Virology Program, Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,Centre for Experimental Immunology, Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Program and Department of Microbiology, Biomedicine Discovery Institute, Monash University, VIC 3800, Australia
| | - Michael J Millward
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, M503, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 5th Floor QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, M503, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Timo Lassmann
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
| | - Anthony Bosco
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, M503, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 5th Floor QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - W Joost Lesterhuis
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, M503, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia. .,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, 5th Floor QQ Block, 6 Verdun Street, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, PO Box 855, West Perth, WA 6872, Australia
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Zemek RM, Chin WL, Nowak AK, Millward MJ, Lake RA, Lesterhuis WJ. Sensitizing the Tumor Microenvironment to Immune Checkpoint Therapy. Front Immunol 2020; 11:223. [PMID: 32133005 PMCID: PMC7040078 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has revolutionized cancer treatment, providing remarkable clinical responses in some patients. However, the majority of patients do not respond. It is therefore crucial both to identify predictive biomarkers of response and to increase the response rates to immune checkpoint therapy. In this review we explore the current literature about the predictive characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and discuss therapeutic approaches that aim to change this toward a milieu that is conducive to response. We propose a personalized biomarker-based adaptive approach to immunotherapy, whereby a sensitizing therapy is tailored to the patient's specific tumor microenvironment, followed by on-treatment verification of a change in the targeted biomarker, followed by immune checkpoint therapy. By incorporating detailed knowledge of the immunological tumor microenvironment, we may be able to sensitize currently non-responsive tumors to respond to immune checkpoint therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael M Zemek
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Wee Loong Chin
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Anna K Nowak
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Michael J Millward
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Richard A Lake
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - W Joost Lesterhuis
- Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, West Perth, WA, Australia.,National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, Nedlands, WA, Australia.,School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
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7
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Lam WS, Creaney J, Chen FK, Chin WL, Muruganandan S, Arunachalam S, Attia MS, Read C, Murray K, Millward M, Spiro J, Chakera A, Gary Lee YC, Nowak AK. A phase II trial of single oral FGF inhibitor, AZD4547, as second or third line therapy in malignant pleural mesothelioma. Lung Cancer 2019; 140:87-92. [PMID: 31901768 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2019.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Currently, there is no optimal salvage therapy for patients with malignant pleural mesothelioma (MPM) who relapse after treatment with first-line chemotherapy. In line with the strong preclinical rationale for targeting fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) signalling in malignant mesothelioma, we conducted a phase II study assessing the efficacy of AZD4547, an oral tyrosine multi-kinase FGFR 1-3 inhibitor, as a second or third-line treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a single-center, open-label, single-arm phase II study of AZD4547 in eligible patients with confirmed, measurable MPM and radiological progression after first or second-line systemic chemotherapy. Patients received continuous, twice-daily oral AZD4547 on a 3-weekly cycle. The primary end point was 6-month progression free survival (PFS6). Response was assessed with CT scan every 6 weeks according to the modified RECIST criteria for mesothelioma (mRECIST) and toxicities were also assessed. The study used a Simon's two-stage design: 26 patients would be recruited to the first stage and more than 7 (27 %) of 26 patients were required to achieve PFS6 to continue to stage two, for a potential total cohort of 55 patients. RESULTS 3 of 24 patients (12 %) were progression-free at 6 months. Hence, the study fulfilled stopping criteria regardless of further recruitment and warranted discontinuation. The most common toxicities (across all grades) were hyperphosphatemia, xerostomia, mucositis, retinopathy, dysgeusia, and fatigue. Maximum toxicities were grade 2 or below for all patients across all cycles. There was no association between tumour BAP1 protein loss and clinical outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The FGFR 1-3 inhibitor AZD4547 did not demonstrate efficacy in patients with MPM who had progressed after first line treatment with platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Sen Lam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Level 5, QQ Block, QEII Medical Centre, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Jenette Creaney
- National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Level 5, QQ Block, QEII Medical Centre, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Fred K Chen
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Wee Loong Chin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Level 5, QQ Block, QEII Medical Centre, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Sanjeevan Muruganandan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Sukanya Arunachalam
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Mary S Attia
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science (incorporating Lions Eye institute), The University of Western Australia, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Catherine Read
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Kevin Murray
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Michael Millward
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Jon Spiro
- Department of Cardiology, Royal Perth Hospital, Wellington Street, Perth, Western Australia, 6000, Australia.
| | - Aron Chakera
- Renal Unit, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Y C Gary Lee
- Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
| | - Anna K Nowak
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; National Centre for Asbestos Related Diseases, University of Western Australia, Level 5, QQ Block, QEII Medical Centre, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Institute for Respiratory Health, University of Western Australia, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital Avenue, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Hwy, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia.
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8
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Murton BL, Chin WL, Ponting CP, Itzhaki LS. Characterising the binding specificities of the subunits associated with the KMT2/Set1 histone lysine methyltransferase. J Mol Biol 2010; 398:481-8. [PMID: 20347846 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2010.03.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
KMT2/Set1 is the catalytic subunit of the complex of proteins associated with Set1 (COMPASS) that is responsible for the methylation of lysine 4 of histone H3 (H3K4) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Whereas monomethylated H3K4 (H3K4me1) is found throughout the genome, di- (H3K4me2) and tri- (H3K4me3) methylated H3K4 are enriched at specific loci, which correlates with the promoter and 5'-ends of actively transcribed genes in the case of H3K4me3. The COMPASS subunits contain a number of domains that are conserved in homologous complexes in higher eukaryotes and are reported to interact with modified histones. However, the exact organization of these subunits and their role within the complex have not been elucidated. In this study we showed that: (1) subunits Swd1 and Swd3 form a stable heterodimer that dissociates upon binding to a modified H3K4me2 tail peptide, suggesting a regulatory role in COMPASS; (2) the affinity of the subunit Spp1 for modified histone H3 substrates is much higher than that of Swd1 and Swd3; (3) Spp1 has a preference for H3K4me2/3 methylation state; and (4) Spp1 contains a high-affinity DNA-binding domain in the previously uncharacterised C-terminal region. These data allow us to suggest a mechanism for the regulation of COMPASS activity at an actively transcribed gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben L Murton
- MRC Cancer Cell Unit, Hutchison/MRC Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0XZ, UK
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Chin WL. More on spirituality. J Am Osteopath Assoc 2001; 101:269-70. [PMID: 11381561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
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Chin WL, O'Kelly B, Tubau JF, Szlachcic J, Brown D, Wisneski JA, Ammon S, Massie BM. Diagnostic accuracy of exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy in men with asymptomatic essential hypertension. Am J Hypertens 1992; 5:465-72. [PMID: 1637519 DOI: 10.1093/ajh/5.7.465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease is responsible for much of the morbidity and mortality in patients with essential hypertension, and these complications have proven to be relatively resistant to antihypertensive therapy. However, the diagnosis of coronary disease in the hypertensive population has been considered problematic. In the present study, 30 asymptomatic patients with mild to moderate hypertension with positive exercise electrocardiograms (ECG) or stress thallium-201 scintigrams underwent coronary angiography to determine the accuracy of these tests for coronary artery disease. The exercise ECG was positive in 25 subjects, of whom 15 had significant coronary lesions and 10 did not. Thallium-201 scintigraphy proved more accurate: 17 of 18 patients with reversible abnormalities had significant obstructive coronary disease anatomically corresponding to the defect, one patient with a fixed defect had normal coronary arteries and was found to have an idiopathic cardiomyopathy, and 9 of 11 without defects had no significant lesions. The results were similar in populations with and without echocardiographic criteria for left ventricular hypertrophy. These findings indicate that despite previous suggestions to the contrary, thallium-201 scintigraphy can accurately diagnose coronary artery disease in most patients with asymptomatic essential hypertension, and that most asymptomatic hypertensive patients with physiologic evidence of myocardial ischemia have associated coronary artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Chin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco
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Abstract
Conditions have been developed that permit highly efficient conversion in vitro of all serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis to the L-form. During the course of the studies, optimal parameters for cultivation and propogation were determined and compared with those found in studies done by previous workers on meningococci. The plasma expander polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) (molecular weight, 40,000) has been incorporated into the medium as an osmotic stabilizer. A method is outlined for removing toxicity (due to impurities in PVP) reported in some earlier studies done in this laboratory. Light and scanning electron microscopy of the L-form inductants and of a stable L-form have shown characteristics distinctive among the strains observed. Finally, the effects of both cell wall and other antibiotics were studied. It was shown that cell wall antibiotics other than the commonly used potassium penicillin G could induce N. meningitidis to the L-form, using the PVP-stabilized medium base. Furthermore, the antibiotics vancomycin, colistin, nystatin, and trimethoprim, used at the concentrations found in commercially prepared Transgrow formulations, did not adversely affect meningococcal L-form induction. The system described herein will hopefully serve as an effective tool, specifically in the study of "aseptic" meningitis and possible meningococcal L-form etiology and, more generally, in evaluating the ability of bacterial L-forms to cause disease.
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