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Arriola K, Silva WD, Hanks LM, Meier LR, Millar JG. A Polyketide Male-Produced Aggregation-Sex Pheromone Shared by the North American Cerambycid Beetle Graphisurus fasciatus and the South American Cerambycid Eutrypanus dorsalis. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01505-x. [PMID: 38739335 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01505-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 04/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
The longhorn beetle Graphisurus fasciatus (Degeer) ranges from southeastern Canada to Florida and west to Texas, and has frequently been caught during field trials testing attraction of other cerambycid species to their synthesized pheromones. Collections of headspace volatiles from live beetles revealed that males but not females produce a polyketide compound identified as (4R,6S,7E,9E)-4,6,8-trimethylundeca-7,9-dien-3-one ([4R,6S,7E,9E]-graphisurone). Field trials verified that beetles of both sexes were attracted to the synthesized compound, indicating that it is an aggregation-sex pheromone. This structure represents a new structural motif among cerambycid pheromones, and a new natural product. While this study was in progress, the same compound was isolated from males of the South American cerambycid Eutrypanus dorsalis (Germar), in the same subfamily (Lamiinae) and tribe (Acanthocinini) as G. fasciatus. Field trials in Brazil confirmed that (4R,6S,7E,9E)-graphisurone is also an aggregation-sex pheromone for E. dorsalis, and a possible pheromone for two additional sympatric lamiine species, Hylettus seniculus (Germar) (Acanthocinini) and Oreodera quinquetuberculata (Drapiez) (tribe Acrocinini). These results indicate that graphisurone may be shared among a number of related species, as has been found with many components of cerambycid pheromones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Arriola
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
- Department of Chemistry, MiraCosta College, Building OC 3600, 1 Barnard Drive, Oceanside, CA, 92056, USA
| | - Weliton D Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Linnea R Meier
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Silva WD, Hanks LM, Bento JMS, Zou Y, Millar JG. Evidence for 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one as a shared pheromone component for 12 South American species of cerambycid beetles. J Econ Entomol 2024:toae075. [PMID: 38625049 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toae075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
3-Hydroxyhexan-2-one (3-C6-ketol) has emerged as the most conserved pheromone structure within the beetle family Cerambycidae. In this study, we report the sex-specific production of this compound by males of 12 species of South American cerambycid beetles. Males of Chrysoprasis chalybea Redtenbacher and Mallosoma zonatum (Sahlberg) (Tribe Dichophyiini), and Ambonus lippus (Germar), Eurysthea hirta (Kirby), Pantonyssus nigriceps Bates, Stizocera plicicollis (Germar), and Stizocera tristis (Guérin-Méneville) (Elaphidiini) produced 3R-C6-ketol as a single component, whereas males of Neoclytus pusillus (Laporte & Gory) (Clytini), Aglaoschema concolor (Gounelle), Orthostoma abdominale (Gyllenhal) (Compsocerini), Dorcacerus barbatus (Olivier), and Retrachydes thoracicus thoracicus (Olivier) (Trachyderini) produced 3R-C6-ketol, along with lesser amounts of other compounds. In field trials testing 8 known cerambycid pheromone compounds, C. chalybea, E. hirta, and R. t. thoracicus were attracted in significant numbers to traps baited with 3-C6-ketol. A second field experiment provided support for the strategy of using the attraction of cerambycid species to test lures as a method of providing leads to their likely pheromone components. Because both sexes are attracted to these aggregation-sex pheromones, live beetles can be obtained from baited traps to verify they produce the compound(s) to which they were attracted, that is, that the compounds are indeed pheromone components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weliton D Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - José Mauricio S Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
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Favaris AP, Túler AC, Silva WD, Pec M, Rodrigues SR, Maia ACD, Bento JMS. Methyl benzoate and nerolidol attract the cyclocephaline beetle Cyclocephala paraguayensis to trumpet flowers. Naturwissenschaften 2023; 110:3. [PMID: 36700962 DOI: 10.1007/s00114-023-01831-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Cyclocephaline beetles are flower visitors attracted primarily by major floral volatiles. Addressing the identity of these volatile compounds is pivotal for understanding the evolution of plant-beetle interactions. We report the identification and field testing of the attractant volatiles from trumpet flowers, Brugmansia suaveolens (Willd.) Sweet (Solanaceae), for the beetle Cyclocephala paraguayensis Arrow (Melolonthidae: Dynastinae). Analysis of headspace floral volatiles revealed 19 compounds, from which eucalyptol (57%), methyl benzoate (16%), and β-myrcene (6%) were present in the largest amounts, whereas E-nerolidol in much lesser amounts (1.8%). During a first-field assay, traps baited with Mebe alone or blended with the other two major compounds attracted more beetles than myrcene and eucalyptol alone, which did not differ from the negative controls. In a second assay, Mebe and nerolidol attracted more beetles as a blend than individually. Nerolidol was more attractive than Mebe, and all treatments attracted more beetles than negative controls. The number of attracted beetles in the Mebe-nerolidol blend was greater than the combined sum of beetles attracted to these compounds alone, suggesting a synergistic interaction. The attraction of C. paraguayensis by trumpet-flower volatiles supports the beetle's extended preference for sphingophilous plants, especially when cantharophilous (beetle-pollinated) flowers are lacking. This phenomenon, thus, might have contributed to the widespread occurrence of this beetle throughout the Brazilian biomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arodí P Favaris
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda C Túler
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Weliton D Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marvin Pec
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio R Rodrigues
- Mato Grosso Do Sul State University, Cassilândia, Mato Grosso Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Artur C D Maia
- Programa de Pós-Graduação Em Biologia Animal, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.,Grupo Biología CES, Facultad de Ciencias Y Biotecnología, Universidad CES, Medellín, Colombia
| | - José Maurício S Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Silva WD, Zou Y, Hanks LM, Bento JMS, Millar JG. A Novel Trisubstituted Tetrahydropyran as a Possible Pheromone Component for the South American Cerambycid Beetle Macropophora accentifer. J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:569-582. [PMID: 35501536 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01362-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A novel trisubstituted tetrahydropyran was isolated and identified from the sex-specific volatiles produced by males of the cerambycid beetle Macropophora accentifer (Olivier), a serious pest of citrus and other fruit crops in South America. The compound was the major component in the headspace volatiles, and it was synthesized in racemic form. However, in field trials, the racemate was only weakly attractive to beetles of both sexes, suggesting that attraction might be inhibited by the presence of the "unnatural" enantiomer in the racemate. Alternatively, the male-produced volatiles contained a number of minor and trace components, including a compound tentatively identified as a homolog of the major component, as well as a number of unsaturated 8-carbon alcohols and aldehydes. Further work is required to conclusively identify and synthesize these minor components, to determine whether one or more of them are crucial components of the active pheromone blend for this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weliton D Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - Yunfan Zou
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - José Maurício S Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
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Silva WD, Hanks LM, Bento JMS, Millar JG. 3-Hydroxyhexan-2-one and 3-Methylthiopropan-1-ol as Pheromone Candidates for the South American Cerambycid Beetles Stizocera phtisica and Chydarteres dimidiatus dimidiatus, and Six Related Species. J Chem Ecol 2021; 47:941-949. [PMID: 34532812 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-021-01313-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Here, we study the pheromone chemistry of two South American cerambycid beetle species, and their behavioral responses to candidate pheromone components. Adult males of Stizocera phtisica Gounelle (subfamily Cerambycinae: tribe Elaphidiini) produced a sex-specific blend of (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one with lesser amounts of 3-methylthiopropan-1-ol. In field bioassays, traps baited with racemic 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and 3-methylthiopropan-1-ol did not catch conspecific beetles, but did catch both sexes of a sympatric species, Chydarteres dimidiatus dimidiatus (F.) (Cerambycinae: Trachyderini). We found that males of this species also produce (R)-3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and 3-methylthiopropan-1-ol, and small amounts of 2-phenylethanol. Subsequent bioassays with these compounds showed that a blend of 3-hydroxyhexan-2-one and 3-methylthiopropan-1-ol constitutes the aggregation-sex pheromone of C. d. dimidiatus, with 2-phenylethanol not influencing the attraction of conspecifics. During the field bioassays, six other species in the Cerambycinae also were caught in significant numbers, including Aglaoschema ventrale (Germar) (tribe Compsocerini), congeners Chrysoprasis aurigena (Germar), Chrysoprasis linearis Bates, and an unidentified Chrysoprasis species (Dichophyiini), and Cotyclytus curvatus (Germar) and Itaclytus olivaceus (Laporte & Gory) (both Clytini), suggesting that one or more of the compounds tested are also pheromone components for these species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weliton D Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil.
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - José Mauricio S Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Silva WD, Hanks LM, Mongold-Diers JA, Grommes AC, Bento JMS, Millar JG. 2-Nonanone is a Critical Pheromone Component for Cerambycid Beetle Species Native to North and South America. Environ Entomol 2021; 50:599-604. [PMID: 33724303 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvab022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
An increasing body of evidence indicates that cerambycid beetles native to different continents may share pheromone components, suggesting that these compounds arose as pheromone components early in the evolution of the family. Here, we describe the identification and field testing of the pheromone blends of two species in the subfamily Cerambycinae that share 2-nonanone as an important component of their male-produced aggregation-sex pheromones, the South American Stizocera consobrina Gounelle (tribe Elaphidiini) and the North American Heterachthes quadrimaculatus Haldeman (tribe Neoibidionini). Along with 2-nonanone, males of S. consobrina also produce 1-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1,2-propanedione, whereas males of H. quadrimaculatus produce 10-methyldodecanol. Field bioassays conducted in Brazil (targeting S. consobrina) and Illinois (targeting H. quadrimaculatus) demonstrated that adults of both species were attracted only by the blends of both their pheromone components, and not to the individual components. The use of the pyrrole as a critical component for the former species is further evidence that this compound is a common pheromone structure among cerambycines in different biogeographical regions of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weliton D Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | | | - Anna C Grommes
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - José Maurício S Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521
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Favaris AP, Túler AC, Silva WD, Rodrigues SR, Leal WS, Bento JMS. (3S,6E)-nerolidol-mediated rendezvous of Cyclocephala paraguayensis beetles in bottle gourd flowers. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235028. [PMID: 33362256 PMCID: PMC7757865 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclocephalini beetles of the genus Cyclocephala (Coleoptera: Melolonthidae: Dynastinae) use flowers of some plants as food, shelter, and mating sites. However, little is known about floral scent chemistry involved in this interaction. Here we show that a sesquiterpene alcohol mediates attraction of Cyclocephala paraguayensis Arrow, on bottle gourd flowers, Lagenaria siceraria (Cucurbitaceae). Both males and females started to aggregate on the flowers at twilight; after that, mating began and remained for the entire night. GC-FID/EAD analysis of the L. siceraria floral scent collected in the field revealed that only the major constituent of the airborne volatiles elicited electroantennographic responses on male and female antennae of C. paraguayensis. This compound was identified as (3S,6E)-nerolidol, which was tested in two field trapping trials in Brazil. In the first bioassay, traps baited with nerolidol (mix of isomers) captured significantly more adult C. paraguayensis than control traps. In the second field trial, catches in traps baited with a mixture of isomers or enantiopure nerolidol were significantly higher than captures in control traps, but the treatments did not differ significantly. Analysis from the gut content of adult C. paraguayensis showed the presence of pollen, suggesting that they also use bottle gourd flowers for their nourishment. Taken together, these results suggest that (3S,6E)-nerolidol plays an essential role in the reproductive behavior of C. paraguayensis by eliciting aggregation, mating, and feeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arodí P. Favaris
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Amanda C. Túler
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Weliton D. Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sérgio R. Rodrigues
- State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Walter S. Leal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California, Davis, California, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - José M. S. Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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de Oliveira RS, Peñaflor MFGV, Gonçalves FG, Sampaio MV, Korndörfer AP, Silva WD, Bento JMS. Silicon-induced changes in plant volatiles reduce attractiveness of wheat to the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi and attract the parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231005. [PMID: 32243466 PMCID: PMC7122784 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Silicon (Si) supplementation is well-known for enhancing plant resistance to insect pests, however, only recently studies revealed that Si accumulation in the plant not only confers a mechanical barrier to insect feeding, but also primes jasmonic acid-dependent defenses. Here, we examined whether Si supplementation alters wheat volatile emissions that influence the bird cherry-oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi) olfactory preference and the aphid parasitoid Lysiphlebus testaceipes. Even though Si accumulation in wheat did not impact aphid performance, we found that R. padi preferred constitutive volatiles from–Si wheat over those emitted by +Si wheat plants. In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, the parasitoid was attracted to volatiles from +Si uninfested wheat, but not to those from–Si uninfested wheat. +Si and–Si aphid-infested plants released equally attractive blends to the aphid parasitoid; however, wasps were unable to distinguish +Si uninfested plant odors from those of aphid-infested treatments. GC-MS analyses revealed that +Si uninfested wheat plants emitted increased amounts of a single compound, geranyl acetone, compared to -Si uninfested wheat, but similar to those emitted by aphid-infested treatments. By contrast, Si supplementation in wheat did not alter composition of aphid-induced plant volatiles. Our results show that changes in wheat volatile blend induced by Si accumulation mediate the non-preference behavior of the bird cherry-oat aphid and the attraction of its parasitoid L. testaceipes. Conversely to the literature, Si supplementation by itself seems to work as an elicitor of induced defenses in wheat, and not as a priming agent.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Felipe G. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Paula Korndörfer
- Instituto de Ciências Agrárias, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Weliton D. Silva
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - José Maurício S. Bento
- Departamento de Entomologia e Acarologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
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Silva WD, Hanks LM, Alvarez JCS, Madalon FZ, Bento JMS, Bello JE, Millar JG. Variations on a Theme: Two Structural Motifs Create Species-Specific Pheromone Channels for Multiple Species of South American Cerambycid Beetles. Insects 2020; 11:insects11040222. [PMID: 32252447 PMCID: PMC7240461 DOI: 10.3390/insects11040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the identification, synthesis, and field-testing of aggregation-sex pheromones, or likely pheromone candidates, of seven species of South American cerambycid beetles in the subfamily Cerambycinae, of the tribes Eburiini and Neoibidionini. Analyses of extracts of volatiles released by adult males revealed that Eburodacrys dubitata White produce 11-methyltridecanal, whereas the males of Eburodacrys assimilis Gounelle, Eburodacrys flexuosa Gounelle, and Eburodacrys lenkoi Napp and Martins produce blends of this compound, along with its analog 10-methyldodecanal. In contrast, males of Compsibidion graphicum (Thomson) and Compsibidion sommeri (Thomson) produce blends of 10-methyldodecanal and its corresponding alcohol 10-methyldodecanol. The results from field bioassays with synthetic compounds showed that each species was specifically attracted to traps containing their reconstructed pheromone blend. However, E. assimilis was not trapped, possibly due to inhibition by non-natural enantiomers in the racemic test compounds. During the trials for the Compsibidion species, adults of another cerambycid species, Tetraopidion mucoriferum (Thomson), were captured in significant numbers in traps baited with 10-methyldodecanol, suggesting that this compound is a pheromone component for this species. This study demonstrates another case of conservation of pheromone structures within South American cerambycid species. It also highlights how blends of closely related structures, differing only in chain length or functional group, make the evolution of species-specific pheromone channels possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weliton D. Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil
- Correspondence: (W.D.S.); (J.G.M.)
| | - Lawrence M. Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Fernando Z. Madalon
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil
| | - José Maurício S. Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP 13418900, Brazil
| | - Jan E. Bello
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
| | - Jocelyn G. Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521, USA
- Correspondence: (W.D.S.); (J.G.M.)
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Silva WD, Bento JMS, Hanks LM, Millar JG. (Z)-7-Hexadecene is an Aggregation-Sex Pheromone Produced by Males of the South American Cerambycid Beetle Susuacanga octoguttata. J Chem Ecol 2018; 44:1115-1119. [PMID: 30306314 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-018-1024-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2018] [Revised: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We describe the identification, synthesis, and field bioassays of a novel aggregation-sex pheromone produced by males of Susuacanga octoguttata (Germar), a South American cerambycid beetle. Analyses of extracts of headspace volatiles produced by adult beetles revealed a sex-specific compound emitted by males which was identified as (Z)-7-hexadecene by microchemical and spectroscopic analyses. The synthesized pheromone was attractive to beetles of both sexes in field trials. This unsaturated hydrocarbon motif is unprecedented among cerambycid pheromones identified to date. During field bioassays, we serendipitously discovered that adults of S. octoguttata trapped in two Brazilian biomes differed considerably in elytral markings, although males from both populations produced (Z)-7-hexadecene as an aggregation-sex pheromone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weliton D Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil.
| | - José Maurício S Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, 13418900, Brazil
| | - Lawrence M Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Jocelyn G Millar
- Departments of Entomology and Chemistry, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Zanardi OZ, Volpe HXL, Favaris AP, Silva WD, Luvizotto RAG, Magnani RF, Esperança V, Delfino JY, de Freitas R, Miranda MP, Parra JRP, Bento JMS, Leal WS. Putative sex pheromone of the Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri, breaks down into an attractant. Sci Rep 2018; 8:455. [PMID: 29323263 PMCID: PMC5764970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18986-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Under laboratory conditions, mating activity in Asian citrus psyllid (ACP) started 4 days after emergence, peaked at day 7, and showed a clear window of activity starting 8 h into the photophase and extending through the first hour of the scotophase. We confirmed that ACP males are attracted to emanations from conspecific females. Traps loaded with a candidate compound enriched with female extract, lignoceryl acetate (24Ac), at various doses were active only after being deployed for several weeks in the field, suggesting that a degradation product, not the test compound, was the active ingredient(s). Lignocerol, a possible product of 24Ac degradation, was not active, whereas acetic acid, another possible degradation product, was found in the airborne volatile collections from lures matured under field conditions and detected in higher amounts in volatiles collected from females at the peak of mating activity than in male samples. Acetic acid elicited dose-dependent electroantennographic responses and attracted ACP males, but not females, in Y-type and 4-way olfactometers. Field tests showed that acetic acid-baited traps captured significantly more males than control traps. Surprisingly, captures of females in acetic acid-baited traps were also higher than in control traps, possibly because of physical stimuli emitted by captured males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Odimar Z Zanardi
- Research and Development Department, Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Vila Melhado, 14807-040, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Haroldo X L Volpe
- Research and Development Department, Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Vila Melhado, 14807-040, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Arodi P Favaris
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Weliton D Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Rejane A G Luvizotto
- Research and Development Department, Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Vila Melhado, 14807-040, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo F Magnani
- Research and Development Department, Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Vila Melhado, 14807-040, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Victoria Esperança
- Research and Development Department, Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Vila Melhado, 14807-040, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Y Delfino
- Research and Development Department, Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Vila Melhado, 14807-040, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato de Freitas
- Research and Development Department, Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Vila Melhado, 14807-040, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo P Miranda
- Research and Development Department, Fund for Citrus Protection (Fundecitrus), Vila Melhado, 14807-040, Araraquara, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - José Roberto P Parra
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - José Mauricio S Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo (USP), Piracicaba, SP, 13418-900, Brazil
| | - Walter S Leal
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.
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Silva WD, Zou Y, Bento JMS, Hanks LM, Millar JG. Aggregation-Sex Pheromones and Likely Pheromones of 11 South American Cerambycid Beetles, and Partitioning of Pheromone Channels. Front Ecol Evol 2017. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Silva WD, Millar JG, Hanks LM, Bento JMS. 10-Methyldodecanal, a Novel Attractant Pheromone Produced by Males of the South American Cerambycid Beetle Eburodacrys vittata. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0160727. [PMID: 27512985 PMCID: PMC4981399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0160727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the identification, synthesis, and field bioassay of a novel attractant pheromone produced by males of Eburodacrys vittata (Blanchard), a South American cerambycid beetle in the subfamily Cerambycinae. Headspace volatiles from males contained a sex-specific compound, identified as 10-methyldodecanal. In a field bioassay conducted in Brazil, significant numbers of males and females were caught in traps baited with synthesized racemic 10-methyldodecanal, consistent with the aggregation-sex pheromones produced by males of many cerambycine species. This compound represents a new structural class of cerambycid pheromones, and it is the first pheromone identified for a species in the tribe Eburiini.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weliton D. Silva
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Jocelyn G. Millar
- Department of Entomology, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
- Department of Chemistry, University of California Riverside, Riverside, California, United States of America
| | - Lawrence M. Hanks
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America
| | - José Maurício S. Bento
- Department of Entomology and Acarology, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
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Abstract
This paper describes in vitro antibody dependent cytotoxicity against Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes by normal mouse splenic lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity was expressed as the percentage reduction in the number of motile parasites upon incubation with lymphocytes at 37 degrees C in a defined medium. Failure of the non-motile parasites to regain motility and their ensuing degeneration of 28 degrees C in liver infusion tryptose (LIT) medium confirmed loss of motility as a criterion of cytotoxicity. Incubation of T. cruzi cruzi at 37 degrees C for 18 h in a defined medium per se did not interfere with motility but was followed by a lag phase of the growth curve in LIT medium at 28 degrees C. The lag phase was prolonged for T. cruzi which had previously been incubated at 37 degrees C in the absence of cells.
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Lima AO, Javierre MQ, Silva WD, Massuda HK. Trypsin as a potent activator of immune phagocytosis by macrophages. Rev Bras Pesqui Med Biol 1973; 6:387-92. [PMID: 4799644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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