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Observation of Seven Astrophysical Tau Neutrino Candidates with IceCube. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:151001. [PMID: 38682982 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.151001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
We report on a measurement of astrophysical tau neutrinos with 9.7 yr of IceCube data. Using convolutional neural networks trained on images derived from simulated events, seven candidate ν_{τ} events were found with visible energies ranging from roughly 20 TeV to 1 PeV and a median expected parent ν_{τ} energy of about 200 TeV. Considering backgrounds from astrophysical and atmospheric neutrinos, and muons from π^{±}/K^{±} decays in atmospheric air showers, we obtain a total estimated background of about 0.5 events, dominated by non-ν_{τ} astrophysical neutrinos. Thus, we rule out the absence of astrophysical ν_{τ} at the 5σ level. The measured astrophysical ν_{τ} flux is consistent with expectations based on previously published IceCube astrophysical neutrino flux measurements and neutrino oscillations.
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Effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease: a prespecified secondary analysis from the empa-kidney trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:39-50. [PMID: 38061371 PMCID: PMC7615591 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00321-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sodium-glucose co-transporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors reduce progression of chronic kidney disease and the risk of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in a wide range of patients. However, their effects on kidney disease progression in some patients with chronic kidney disease are unclear because few clinical kidney outcomes occurred among such patients in the completed trials. In particular, some guidelines stratify their level of recommendation about who should be treated with SGLT2 inhibitors based on diabetes status and albuminuria. We aimed to assess the effects of empagliflozin on progression of chronic kidney disease both overall and among specific types of participants in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA), and included individuals aged 18 years or older with an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or with an eGFR of 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher. We explored the effects of 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily versus placebo on the annualised rate of change in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR slope), a tertiary outcome. We studied the acute slope (from randomisation to 2 months) and chronic slope (from 2 months onwards) separately, using shared parameter models to estimate the latter. Analyses were done in all randomly assigned participants by intention to treat. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and then followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroups of eGFR included 2282 (34·5%) participants with an eGFR of less than 30 mL/min per 1·73 m2, 2928 (44·3%) with an eGFR of 30 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, and 1399 (21·2%) with an eGFR 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2 or higher. Prespecified subgroups of uACR included 1328 (20·1%) with a uACR of less than 30 mg/g, 1864 (28·2%) with a uACR of 30 to 300 mg/g, and 3417 (51·7%) with a uACR of more than 300 mg/g. Overall, allocation to empagliflozin caused an acute 2·12 mL/min per 1·73 m2 (95% CI 1·83-2·41) reduction in eGFR, equivalent to a 6% (5-6) dip in the first 2 months. After this, it halved the chronic slope from -2·75 to -1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (relative difference 50%, 95% CI 42-58). The absolute and relative benefits of empagliflozin on the magnitude of the chronic slope varied significantly depending on diabetes status and baseline levels of eGFR and uACR. In particular, the absolute difference in chronic slopes was lower in patients with lower baseline uACR, but because this group progressed more slowly than those with higher uACR, this translated to a larger relative difference in chronic slopes in this group (86% [36-136] reduction in the chronic slope among those with baseline uACR <30 mg/g compared with a 29% [19-38] reduction for those with baseline uACR ≥2000 mg/g; ptrend<0·0001). INTERPRETATION Empagliflozin slowed the rate of progression of chronic kidney disease among all types of participant in the EMPA-KIDNEY trial, including those with little albuminuria. Albuminuria alone should not be used to determine whether to treat with an SGLT2 inhibitor. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim and Eli Lilly.
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Impact of primary kidney disease on the effects of empagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease: secondary analyses of the EMPA-KIDNEY trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2024; 12:51-60. [PMID: 38061372 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(23)00322-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EMPA-KIDNEY trial showed that empagliflozin reduced the risk of the primary composite outcome of kidney disease progression or cardiovascular death in patients with chronic kidney disease mainly through slowing progression. We aimed to assess how effects of empagliflozin might differ by primary kidney disease across its broad population. METHODS EMPA-KIDNEY, a randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial, was conducted at 241 centres in eight countries (Canada, China, Germany, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, the UK, and the USA). Patients were eligible if their estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was 20 to less than 45 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or 45 to less than 90 mL/min per 1·73 m2 with a urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio (uACR) of 200 mg/g or higher at screening. They were randomly assigned (1:1) to 10 mg oral empagliflozin once daily or matching placebo. Effects on kidney disease progression (defined as a sustained ≥40% eGFR decline from randomisation, end-stage kidney disease, a sustained eGFR below 10 mL/min per 1·73 m2, or death from kidney failure) were assessed using prespecified Cox models, and eGFR slope analyses used shared parameter models. Subgroup comparisons were performed by including relevant interaction terms in models. EMPA-KIDNEY is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03594110. FINDINGS Between May 15, 2019, and April 16, 2021, 6609 participants were randomly assigned and followed up for a median of 2·0 years (IQR 1·5-2·4). Prespecified subgroupings by primary kidney disease included 2057 (31·1%) participants with diabetic kidney disease, 1669 (25·3%) with glomerular disease, 1445 (21·9%) with hypertensive or renovascular disease, and 1438 (21·8%) with other or unknown causes. Kidney disease progression occurred in 384 (11·6%) of 3304 patients in the empagliflozin group and 504 (15·2%) of 3305 patients in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·71 [95% CI 0·62-0·81]), with no evidence that the relative effect size varied significantly by primary kidney disease (pheterogeneity=0·62). The between-group difference in chronic eGFR slopes (ie, from 2 months to final follow-up) was 1·37 mL/min per 1·73 m2 per year (95% CI 1·16-1·59), representing a 50% (42-58) reduction in the rate of chronic eGFR decline. This relative effect of empagliflozin on chronic eGFR slope was similar in analyses by different primary kidney diseases, including in explorations by type of glomerular disease and diabetes (p values for heterogeneity all >0·1). INTERPRETATION In a broad range of patients with chronic kidney disease at risk of progression, including a wide range of non-diabetic causes of chronic kidney disease, empagliflozin reduced risk of kidney disease progression. Relative effect sizes were broadly similar irrespective of the cause of primary kidney disease, suggesting that SGLT2 inhibitors should be part of a standard of care to minimise risk of kidney failure in chronic kidney disease. FUNDING Boehringer Ingelheim, Eli Lilly, and UK Medical Research Council.
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Intraoral Gavage of Second-Generation Probiotic Lactobacillus Reuteri Releasing IFN-β (LR-IFN-β) Mitigates Intestinal Irradiation Toxicity and Improves Survival During Whole Abdomen Irradiation (WAI). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e515. [PMID: 37785608 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) We sought to establish a method by which to overcome the toxicity of WAI to facilitate clinical application in Ovarian Cancer patients. MATERIALS/METHODS We irradiated C57BL/6J mice to 19.75 Gy WAI and assessed the primary endpoint of overall survival (OS). In a separate experiment, mice were irradiated to 12 Gy WAI and intestinal barrier integrity was compared between groups: control (0 Gy), irradiation only, 12 Gy + LR, 12 Gy + IFN-β, and 12 Gy + LR-IFN-β. Luminex assay of plasma and intestinal cells were also assayed at day 5 after WAI for radiation-induced inflammatory cytokines, and fecal matter was analyzed for LR-IFN-β clearance and levels of the LR-derived IFN-β gene from day 1 to 5 in control non-irradiated mice. Moreover, fluorescent beads were intraorally administered three hours prior to sacrifice at days 2 or 5 after WAI, and blood was assayed for beads. RESULTS Mice receiving LR-IFN-β (109 bacteria in 100 mL of saline) 24-hours following a single fraction of 19.75 Gy WAI showed improved OS compared to control irradiated mice (p = 0.03). LR-IFN-β gavage maintained intestinal barrier integrity (p < 0.05) by stimulating intestinal stem cells regenerations (improved levels of Lgr5+ cells, occludin, and I-CAM; p < 0.05), and reduced levels of intestinal pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IFN-γ (p = 0.0261), IL-3 (p < 0.0020) and IL-17 (p < 0.0070). There was no significant effect of control LR or intraperitoneal injection of IFN-β protein at 24 hours after WAI. Detectable levels of LR-IFN-β bacteria were also cleared from fecal matter by day three via colony assay and rt-PCR, with no detectable growth of LR-IFN-β in blood from gavaged irradiated mice (13.5 Gy WAI). CONCLUSION LR-IFN-β is both a feasible and effective radiation mitigator that could potentially improve the management of ovarian cancer patients. Furthermore, the subsequent addition of platinum/taxane-based chemotherapy to the combination of WAI and LR-IFN-β should reduce tumor volume while protecting the intestine and thus improve overall survival in ovarian cancer patients.
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Grade 4 Lymphopenia Might Associate with Pericardial Irradiation Dose and Worse Prognosis in Patients with Locally Advanced Esophageal Cancer Receiving Concurrent Chemo-Radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e287. [PMID: 37785065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.1276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) The immune system may influence prognosis, and lymphopenia is a frequent side effect of concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (CCRT). Radical irradiation for locally advanced esophageal cancer (LA-EC) exposes significant vascular and heart volumes, and we hypothesized that lymphopenia is linked to cardiac and pericardial doses and affects patient prognosis. MATERIALS/METHODS We identified 190 LA-EC patients who received radical CCRT between 2011 and 2019. Cardiac, pericardial, and lung dosimetric parameters were obtained and multivariate analysis (MVA) was performed to correlate clinical factors and dosimetric parameters with overall survival (OS). Absolute lymphocyte count (ALC), absolute platelet count (PLT), absolute white blood cell count (WBC), absolute neutrophil count (ANC), neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio (NLR = ANC/ALC), and platelet-lymphocyte ratio (PLR = PLT/ALC) were collected before and during CRT. Grade 4 (G4) lymphopenia was defined as Lymphocyte count nadir <0.2 103/mL during CRT and it was used to dichotomize the lymphocyte count nadir. MVA was performed to correlate hematologic toxicity with OS. Logistic stepwise regression was performed to determine the relationship between dosimetric parameters and G4 lymphopenia. Finally, a nomogram of G4 lymphopenia was developed and validated externally. RESULTS Median follow-up time for all patients was 27.5 months (range 12-118 months). On MVA for OS (n = 190), higher pericardial V30 (PV30) was linked to worse survival (HR = 1.013, 95% CI 1.001-1.026, p = 0.039). The median OS stratified by PV30>55.3% and PV30≤55.3% was 24 months and 54 months, respectively (p = 0.004). G4 lymphopenia was shown to be linked with worse OS in the MVA of hematological toxicity (n = 161) with OS (HR = 2.042, 95% CI 1.335-3.126, p = 0.001). 24 (24%) of the 100 patients in the training set had G4 lymphopenia. Our final model comprised Stage-IVA (p = 0.017), PLR during CRT (p = 0.008), Heart V50 (p = 0.046), and PV30 (p = 0.048). External validation 26 of 90 patients (29%) had grade 4 lymphocytopenia. The ROC curve displays an AUC for internal validation of 0.775 and external validation of 0.843. CONCLUSION Higher doses of pericardial radiation might affect LA-EC patients' prognosis by inducing G4 lymphopenia in CCRT process. Further prospective studies are warranted to confirm these findings, especially in the era of immune-checkpoint inhibitor treatment.
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Global burden of neoplasms attributable to specific occupational carcinogens over 30 years: a population-based study. Public Health 2023; 223:145-155. [PMID: 37657137 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 07/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The study aimed to analyze the global burden of occupational neoplasms from various epidemiological perspectives. STUDY DESIGN In this cross-sectional study, secondary analyses were conducted to assess the burden of neoplasms attributable to occupational carcinogens and their distribution characteristics using data from GBD 2019 and the World Bank database. METHODS Based on the GBD 2019 and the World Bank database, we analyzed the global burden of occupational neoplasms including the age-period-cohort model, decomposition analysis, health inequality analysis, and panel model. All analyses were conducted in R (version 4.0.3) and Joinpoint (version 4.9.1). RESULTS The absolute number of neoplasms burden attributable to occupational carcinogens has continued to rise over 30 years. In 2019, occupational neoplasms caused 333,867 [95% uncertainty interval (UI): 263,491 to 404,641] mortalities and 6,964,775 (95% UI: 5,467,884 to 8,580,431) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) globally. Greenland, Monaco, the Netherlands, and Andorra suffered the highest burden. The burden was higher in countries with a higher sociodemographic index. The age effect was prominent in the elderly, and the 1925 birth cohort had the highest cohort effect. Population growth was the most significant driver of the mortalities (89%) and DALYs (111%) change. Moreover, the proportion of urban population was significantly positively associated with the disease burden, while GDP per capita was negatively correlated with the disease burden. CONCLUSIONS The burden of occupational neoplasms was unevenly distributed across locations and populations. The need for rational allocation of healthcare resources was urgent.
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Salt priming induces low-temperature tolerance in sugar beet via xanthine metabolism. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2023; 201:107810. [PMID: 37321038 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2023.107810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
To understand the physiological mechanisms involved in xanthine metabolism during salt priming for improving low-temperature tolerance, salt priming (SP), xanthine dehydrogenase inhibitor (XOI), exogenous allantoin (EA), and back-supplemented EA (XOI + EA) treatments were given and the low-temperature tolerance of sugar beet was tested. Under low-temperature stress, salt priming promoted the growth of sugar beet leaves and increased the maximum quantum efficiency of PS II (Fv/Fm). However, during salt priming, either XOI or EA treatment alone increased the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as superoxide anion and hydrogen peroxide, in the leaves under low-temperature stress. XOI treatment increased allantoinase activity with its gene (BvallB) expression under low-temperature stress. Compared to the XOI treatment, the EA treatment alone and the XOI + EA treatment increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. At low temperatures, the sucrose content and the activity of key carbohydrate enzymes (AGPase, Cylnv, and FK) were significantly reduced by XOI compared to the changes under salt priming. XOI also stimulated the expression of protein phosphatase 2C and sucrose non-fermenting1-related protein kinase (BvSNRK2). The results of a correlation network analysis showed that BvallB was positively correlated with malondialdehyde, D-Fructose-6-phosphate, and D-Glucose-6-phosphate, and negatively correlated with BvPOX42, BvSNRK2, dehydroascorbate reductase, and catalase. These results suggested that salt-induced xanthine metabolism modulated ROS metabolism, photosynthetic carbon assimilation, and carbohydrate metabolism, thus enhancing low-temperature tolerance in sugar beet. Additionally, xanthine and allantoin were found to play key roles in plant stress resistance.
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[Rare causes of abnormal liver function in a case of renal cysts and diabetes syndrome]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2023; 31:752-755. [PMID: 37580260 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20230619-00267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
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Observation of high-energy neutrinos from the Galactic plane. Science 2023; 380:1338-1343. [PMID: 37384687 DOI: 10.1126/science.adc9818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
The origin of high-energy cosmic rays, atomic nuclei that continuously impact Earth's atmosphere, is unknown. Because of deflection by interstellar magnetic fields, cosmic rays produced within the Milky Way arrive at Earth from random directions. However, cosmic rays interact with matter near their sources and during propagation, which produces high-energy neutrinos. We searched for neutrino emission using machine learning techniques applied to 10 years of data from the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. By comparing diffuse emission models to a background-only hypothesis, we identified neutrino emission from the Galactic plane at the 4.5σ level of significance. The signal is consistent with diffuse emission of neutrinos from the Milky Way but could also arise from a population of unresolved point sources.
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Molecular cloning, expression analysis and functional characterization of chicken cytochrome P450 27A1: A novel mitochondrial vitamin D 3 25-hydroxylase. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102747. [PMID: 37276702 PMCID: PMC10258509 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is hydroxylated by cytochrome P450 (CYP) before exerting biological effects. The chicken CYP involved in vitamin D3 25-hydroxylation has yet to be cloned, and little is known about its functional characteristics, tissue distribution, and cellular expression. We identified a novel, full-length CYP27A1 gene cloned from chicken hepatocyte cDNA that encodes a putative protein of 518 amino acids. Swiss modeling revealed that chicken CYP27A1 has a classic open-fold form. Multisequence homology alignment determined that CYP27A1 contains conserved motifs for substrate recognition and binding. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis in 2-mo-old Partridge Shank broilers demonstrated that CYP27A1 mRNA levels were highest in the liver, followed by the thigh muscles, the breast muscles, and kidneys. The transcripts of CYP27A1 in breast muscles were significantly higher in males than in females. A subcellular localization analysis demonstrated that CYP27A1 was mainly expressed in the mitochondria. In vitro enzyme assays suggested that recombinant CYP27A1 hydroxylates vitamin D3 at the C-25 position to form 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25(OH)D3). The Km and Vmax values for CYP27A1-dependent vitamin D3 25-hydroxylation were estimated to be 4.929 μM and 0.389 mol min-1 mg-1 protein, respectively. In summary, these results suggest that CYP27A1 encodes a mitochondrial CYP that plays an important physiologic role in the 25-hydroxylation of vitamin D3 in chickens, providing novel insights into vitamin D3 metabolism in this species.
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The Combined Use of Liquid Fertilizer and Urease/Nitrification Inhibitors on Maize Yield, Nitrogen Loss and Utilization in the Mollisol Region. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1486. [PMID: 37050112 PMCID: PMC10097028 DOI: 10.3390/plants12071486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Nitrification inhibitor (NI) and urease inhibitor (UI) with fertilizer have the potential to reduce nitrogen (N) loss as well as improve grain yields. Urea-ammonium nitrate (UAN) solution as liquid fertilizer is superior to conventional solid nitrogen (N) fertilizer in terms of fertilizer efficiency, energy savings, environmental pollution reduction and economic benefits. However, comprehensive assessments of UAN with inhibitors from an environmental and agronomy perspective, including insights into the mechanisms of UAN with inhibitors, are lacking. In a field trial, three single-inhibitor and two double-inhibitor (DI) treatments were set to quantify the grain yield, the N losses and the N recovery efficiency of maize treated with urea supplemented with dicyandiamide (DCD), 3,4-dimethylpyrazole phosphate (DMPP) and N-(n-butyl) thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). Compared with the UAN treatment, the supply of urease inhibitors reduced NH3 emission by 13.0% but increased N2O emission by 13.0%. The supply of nitrification inhibitors delayed the conversion of ammonium N to nitrate N and improved NH3 emission by 23.5-28.7%, but reduced N2O emission by 31.4% and significantly increased the maize yield by 21.3%. The combined use of NBPT and DCD were not compatible in UAN and cannot achieve the maximum potential for optimizing yields and reducing nitrogen losses. Considering the grain yield, the N use efficiency and the N losses, the combined use of NBPT and DMPP in maize production system significantly improved the grain yield and N use efficiency, as well as reduced N losses.
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Measuring quality of reporting in systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies in medical imaging: comparison of PRISMA-DTA and PRISMA. ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY OF ULTRASOUND IN OBSTETRICS AND GYNECOLOGY 2023; 61:257-266. [PMID: 36633905 DOI: 10.1002/uog.26043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the reporting quality measured by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses of Diagnostic Test Accuracy studies (PRISMA-DTA) vs the original PRISMA checklist for systematic reviews of diagnostic test accuracy studies in imaging and survey the use of PRISMA-DTA by researchers and endorsement by journals. METHODS Systematic reviews of DTA studies published in 2020 and 2021 in Quartile 1 and Quartile 3 medical imaging journals (defined by Journal Citation Reports) were identified through PubMed. The reporting of each systematic review was assessed using PRISMA-DTA, PRISMA-2009 and PRISMA-2020. The item scores and overall score were compared among the three checklists. We also examined checklist adoption by the included systematic reviews and surveyed checklist endorsement from author instructions of included journals. RESULTS A total of 173 systematic reviews from 66 journals were included. The use of PRISMA-DTA, compared with PRISMA-2009 and PRISMA-2020, identified more issues in the reporting of title (proportion of systematic reviews with proper reporting, 27.2% vs 98.8% vs 98.8%), abstract (39.3% vs 97.1% vs 64.7%), eligibility criteria (67.6% vs 94.2% vs 94.2%), search (28.9% vs 72.3% vs 28.9%), definitions for data extraction (14.5% vs 91.9% vs 91.9%), diagnostic accuracy measures (38.2% vs 93.6% vs 93.6%), synthesis of results (28.9% vs 89.6% vs 73.4%) and results of individual studies (40.5% vs 80.3% vs 80.3%). The overall median reporting score measured by PRISMA-DTA (72.0% (interquartile range (IQR), 66.7-77.8%)) was lower than that measured by PRISMA-2009 (88.9% (IQR, 84.0-92.6%)) and similar to that measured by PRISMA-2020 (74.1% (IQR, 66.7-77.8%)). Additionally, PRISMA-DTA was used by only 43 (24.9%) systematic reviews and endorsed by two (3.0%) journals. These trends remained consistent for reviews published in journals with diverse scientific impact. CONCLUSIONS The use of PRISMA-DTA may identify more reporting inadequacies compared with the original PRISMA checklists when assessing diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews, especially in critical sections such as title, abstract and methods. However, this tool is not commonly used by researchers and is inadequately endorsed by imaging journals. Our findings suggest a strong need to use PRISMA-DTA for reporting of diagnostic test accuracy systematic reviews by authors and its endorsement by journals. © 2022 International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology.
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Nitrogen and potassium interactions optimized asynchronous spikelet filling and increased grain yield of japonica rice. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14710. [PMID: 36684678 PMCID: PMC9854376 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor grain filling severely reduces rice yield. Fertilizers play a vital role in regulating grain filling, especially nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). In this field study we aimed to investigate the interactive effects of N and K on the asynchronous filling properties of superior and inferior spikelets of japonica rice. We looked at grain filling under three N rates (0, 90, and 180 kg N ha-1) and three K rates (0, 60, and 120 kg K2O ha-1) during 2020 and 2021. Across two years, the results showed that the combined use of N and K on superior and inferior spikelets significantly increased their weight by 1.29 mg and 2.31 mg, their maximum grain filling rate by 0.24 mg d-1 and 0.07 mg d-1, and their average grain filling rate by 0.21 mg d-1 and 0.06 mg d-1, respectively, in comparison with the control (N0K0) treatment. Likewise, K supply increased the average contribution rate of superior and inferior spikelets to yield by 9.1% and 10.0%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that the grain filling rate of superior and inferior spikelets was an important factor in determining the spikelet weight, whereas the grain filling time was not. We also found that the 1,000-grain weight mainly increased after increasing the spikelets' maximum grain filling rate and average grain filling rate. Collectively, these results illustrate that the combined use of N and K can optimize the asynchronous filling of superior and inferior spikelets and, in particular, enhance inferior spikelet weight with higher rice yield.
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[An introduction to multidisciplinary recommendations for Wilson's disease comprehensive diagnosis and management: 2022 practice guidance from the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2022; 30:1151-1153. [PMID: 36891689 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20221102-00535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
The incidence of Wilson's disease (WD) is global, with an estimated prevalence rate of 30 per million or higher. WD clinical manifestations can be liver disease, progressive neurologic deficits (non evident or even absent liver dysfunction), psychiatric disorders, or a combination of these. Children and younger patients are more likely to develop WD as an isolated liver disease than older patients. Symptoms are often vague and can appear at any age. To that end, in 2022, the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases published the full version of the WD guidelines and recommendations developed by a panel of experts, providing a modern approach for WD diagnosis and management in an effort to assist clinicians in implementing the most recent diagnostic and management strategies.
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Correction to: Efficacy and safety of ivermectin for the treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis. QJM 2022; 115:706. [PMID: 35325252 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Search for Unstable Sterile Neutrinos with the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2022; 129:151801. [PMID: 36269964 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.129.151801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
We present a search for an unstable sterile neutrino by looking for a resonant signal in eight years of atmospheric ν_{μ} data collected from 2011 to 2019 at the IceCube Neutrino Observatory. Both the (stable) three-neutrino and the 3+1 sterile neutrino models are disfavored relative to the unstable sterile neutrino model, though with p values of 2.8% and 0.81%, respectively, we do not observe evidence for 3+1 neutrinos with neutrino decay. The best-fit parameters for the sterile neutrino with decay model from this study are Δm_{41}^{2}=6.7_{-2.5}^{+3.9} eV^{2}, sin^{2}2θ_{24}=0.33_{-0.17}^{+0.20}, and g^{2}=2.5π±1.5π, where g is the decay-mediating coupling. The preferred regions of the 3+1+decay model from short-baseline oscillation searches are excluded at 90% C.L.
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Nutrition Intervention to Reduce Body Weight and Systemic Inflammation among World Trade Center Responders with PTSD: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial. J Acad Nutr Diet 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2022.06.157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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[Clinicopathological characteristics related to Miller/Payne grading system of breast carcinoma after neoadjuvant therapy and establishment of novel prediction models]. ZHONGHUA BING LI XUE ZA ZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2022; 51:743-748. [PMID: 35922165 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112151-20220413-00277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the correlation between clinicopathological features and Miller/Payne (MP) grading system of breast carcinoma after neoadjuvant treatment and to establish novel prediction models. Methods: A total of 1 053 cases of invasive breast carcinoma NOS that undertaken neoadjuvant treatment according to Guidelines of CSCO for Breast Cancer were selected at the Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research, Peking University Cancer Hospital & Institute from September 2016 to September 2019, and the clinical, pathologic data, MP grading and immunohistochemical staining were evaluated. Statistical analysis was conducted using R software. Several novel computer models on prediction of MP grading were established and validated. Results: Among 1 053 patients who accepted neoadjuvant treatment, 316 patients (316/1 053, 30%) were evaluated as MP5 postoperatively, and 737 patients (737/1 053, 70%) did not meet MP5 level. MP5 had significant association with histological grade, ER and PR expression, HER2 status, Ki-67 index and molecular classification (P<0.05). Univariate/multivariate logistic regression analyses further showed that the above clinicopathological features were also independent influencing factors of MP5 grade; five-fold cross-validation was used to evaluate the performance of the models, and the sensitivity and specificity of different models were obtained. Conclusions: MP grading of invasive breast carcinoma NOS after neoadjuvant treatment is associated with high histological grade, negative ER and PR expression, HER2 positivity, high Ki-67 index and molecular classification, which are independent influence factors. GBM model recommended through comparison can provide some help for clinical diagnosis and treatment.
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Safety cannot justify the use of ivermectin for the management of COVID-19. QJM 2022; 115:194-195. [PMID: 35080630 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcac019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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[Interpretation of the 2022 edition guidelines for hepatolenticular degeneration diagnosis and treatment]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2022; 30:276-278. [PMID: 35462482 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20220211-00065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In order to help liver disease-related clinicians make rational decisions, the Inherited and Metabolic Liver Disease Cooperative Group of Hepatology Branch of Chinese Medical Association released the 2022 edition guidelines for hepatolenticular degeneration diagnosis and treatment. This article introduces the ten highlights of this guideline from the aspects of epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, laboratory tests, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and so forth, with practicality and operability as prominent features.
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Pre-treatment 18F-RGD Uptake may Predict Adverse Events during Apatinib Antiangiogenic Therapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2022; 34:e238-e245. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Ivermectin became a popular choice for COVID-19 treatment among clinicians and the public following encouraging results from pre-print trials and in vitro studies. Early reviews recommended the use of ivermectin based largely on non-peer-reviewed evidence, which may not be robust. This systematic review and meta-analysis assessed the efficacy and safety of ivermectin for treating COVID-19 based on peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (OSs). METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE and PubMed were searched from 1 January 2020 to 1 September 2021 for relevant studies. Outcomes included time to viral clearance, duration of hospitalization, mortality, incidence of mechanical ventilation and incidence of adverse events. RoB2 and ROBINS-I were used to assess risk of bias. Random-effects meta-analyses were conducted. GRADE was used to evaluate quality of evidence. RESULTS Three OSs and 14 RCTs were included in the review. Most RCTs were rated as having some concerns in regards to risk of bias, while OSs were mainly rated as having a moderate risk of bias. Based on meta-analysis of RCTs, the use of ivermectin was not associated with reduction in time to viral clearance, duration of hospitalization, incidence of mortality and incidence of mechanical ventilation. Ivermectin did not significantly increase incidence of adverse events. Meta-analysis of OSs agrees with findings from RCT studies. CONCLUSIONS Based on very low to moderate quality of evidence, ivermectin was not efficacious at managing COVID-19. Its safety profile permits its use in trial settings to further clarify its role in COVID-19 treatment. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION The review was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42021275302).
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Second-Generation Probiotic Lactobacillus Reuteri Producing IL-22 (LR-IL-22) Protects the Intestine to Facilitate Whole Abdomen Irradiation (WAI) in Ovarian Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Radiation Induced and FACS-Sorted Senescent tdTOMp16+ Cells Upregulate Profibrotic Gene Expression in Mesenchymal Stem Cells (Stromal Cells). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Recommended nitrogen rates and the verification of effects based on leaf SPAD readings of rice. PeerJ 2021; 9:e12107. [PMID: 34527449 PMCID: PMC8403476 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.12107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Modern rice production systems need a reliable, easy-to-use, efficient, and environmentally-friendly method to determine plant nitrogen (N) status , predict grain yield, and optimize N management. We conducted field experiments to determine the influence of different N rates on Soil Plant Analysis Development (SPAD) readings of rice leaves. We also performed field validations to evaluate the grain yield and N use efficiency under recommended N rates. Our results showed that leaf SPAD readings increased as N rates increased. We applied the recommended N based on the relationships between the N rates and leaf SPAD readings at the tillering and booting stages. The recommended N decreased N rates and improved N use efficiency without sacrificing grain yield. When compared to farmer practices (FP), the recommended N rates of optimization (OPT) decreased by 5.8% and 10.0%, respectively. In comparison with FP, the N agronomic efficiency of OPT increased by 5.8 and 10.0% while the partial factor productivity of N increased by 6.0 and 14.2%, respectively. The SPAD meter may be a reliable tool to analyze the N in rice, estimate real-time N fertilization, and improve N use efficiency.
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[Determination of Three Types of New Psychoactive Tryptamines in Blood by QuEChERS Combined with UPLC-MS/MS]. FA YI XUE ZA ZHI 2021; 37:516-523. [PMID: 34726005 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2021.310205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Objective To establish a method combining QuEChERS and ultra-high liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) for rapid screening and testing of three types of new psychoactive tryptamines in human blood: 5-MeO-DALT, 5-MeO-MiPT and 5-MeO-DiPT. Methods The effects of the type of extractant, the type and dosage of salting-out agent, and the dosage of adsorbent on the test results of the three tryptamines were investigated. Blood samples were processed by QuEChERS method and then determined by UPLC-MS/MS. Results The linear relationships of 5-MeO-DALT, 5-MeO-MiPT and 5-MeO-DiPT in human blood were good in the range of 0.5-100, 0.5-100 and 0.2-100 ng/mL, respectively, with their coefficients higher than 0.99. The limits of detection (LODs) were 0.1-0.2 ng/mg. The recoveries ranged from 84.86% to 94.57%. Intra-day and inter-day precisions were good. Conclusion The method is simple, rapid, easy to operate and has a high recovery. It is suitable for the qualitative and quantitative study of tryptamines in blood and can provide the reference for public security organs to deal with related cases.
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[Preliminary study on the etiological characteristics and clinical treatment of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws]. ZHONGHUA KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2021; 56:659-664. [PMID: 34275221 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112144-20210120-00032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To summarize the etiological characteristics and clinical treatment effects of 17 patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ). Methods: The clinical data of 17 patients with MRONJ admitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, the First People's Hospital of Jinzhong, Shanxi Province, from July 2016 to December 2019 were retrospectively analyzed, including 9 males and 8 females, aged (63.6±9.6) years old (43-82 years old). Descriptive analysis of the primary disease, onset factors, site of disease, clinical manifestations, treatment methods, and treatment effects was conducted through follow-up for at least 1 year. Results: Among the primary diseases of the 17 cases, 12 were malignant tumors, and 5 were osteoporosis. There were 13 cases with a history of a trigger event (tooth extraction or unsuited removable denture). Six cases occurred in the maxilla, 10 cases occurred in the mandible, and 1 case involved both the upper and lower jaws. For the most common medication used, bisphosphonate was used in 16 cases including 5 cases with concomitant use of angiogenesis-inhibiting drugs. There was 1 case resulted from receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) monoclonal antibody application. The duration of medication application was (10.1±3.9) months (3-18 months). All 17 cases were treated surgically. Totally 15 patients healed well after surgical treatment and the other 2 patients, who had poor soft tissue healing after surgery, healed well after a second operation. Conclusions: Tooth extraction might be a major trigger factor for the onset of MRONJ in the mandible. The disease was more possibly occured in the mandible than in the maxilla. Appropriate surgical treatment could achieve a good clinical outcome.
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[Preparation of doxorubicin-loaded metallic organic nanoparticles and their effect for enhancing efficacy of high-intensity focused ultrasound therapy in tumor-bearing mice]. NAN FANG YI KE DA XUE XUE BAO = JOURNAL OF SOUTHERN MEDICAL UNIVERSITY 2021; 41:640-648. [PMID: 34134949 DOI: 10.12122/j.issn.1673-4254.2021.05.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prepare metallic organic nanoparticles that produce synergistic effect in high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) therapy of tumors. OBJECTIVE Glucose oxidase (GOD), MnO2, ferric iron (Fe3+) and doxorubicin (DOX) were self-assembled by physical adsorption with previously prepared manganese dioxide (MnO2) nanoparticles to obtain GOD-MnO2-Fe3+-DOX nanoparticles (GMFD NPs). HepG2 tumor-bearing nude mouse models were given intravenous injections of normal saline or GMFD NPs followed 4 h later by HIFU at the acoustic power of 90 W with a total treatment time of 3 s. The changes of tumor gray value before and after HIFU irradiation were observed and 24 h after HIFU irradiation, coagulation necrosis in the tumor tissues was examined; the histological changes of the tumor tissues were observed with HE staining. OBJECTIVE We successfully prepared GMFD NPs, which had an average particle size of 131.23±0.84 nm with a surface potential of 21.87±1.72 mV. GMFD NPs, with a drug loading rate of 40.18%, was capable of releasing more than 77.2% of the loaded DOX within 4 h in acidic environment. In the tumor-bearing mouse models, HIFU irradiation following GMFD NP injection, as compared with saline injection, resulted in significantly enhanced gray value of the tumor (25.5±4.5 vs 18.7±3.9, P=0.04) and greater volume of coagulation necrosis (105.80 ± 1.21 mm3 vs 38.02 ± 0.34 mm3). The energy efficiency factor (EEF) was significantly lower in GMFD NPs group than in saline group (1.79 vs 4.97, P < 0.001). OBJECTIVE GMFD NPs prepared in this study can enhance tumor ablation efficacy of HIFU and release DOX for further treatment of the residual tumor tissue in mice.
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Initial chest radiograph scores inform COVID-19 status, intensive care unit admission and need for mechanical ventilation. Clin Radiol 2021; 76:473.e1-473.e7. [PMID: 33706997 PMCID: PMC7891126 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2021.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate whether portable chest radiography (CXR) scores are associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) status and various clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS This retrospective study included 500 initial CXR from COVID-19-suspected patients. Each CXR was scored based on geographic extent and degree of opacity as indicators of disease severity. COVID-19 status and clinical outcomes including intensive care unit (ICU) admission, mechanical ventilation, mortality, length of hospitalisation, and duration on ventilator were collected. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between CXR scores and COVID-19 status, CXR scores and clinical outcomes, adjusted for code status, age, gender and co-morbidities. RESULTS The interclass correlation coefficients amongst raters were 0.94 and 0.90 for the extent score and opacity score, respectively. CXR scores were significantly (p < 0.01) associated with COVID-19 positivity (odd ratio [OR] = 1.49; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.27 - 1.75 for extent score and OR = 1.75; 95% CI: 1.42 - 2.15 for opacity score), ICU admission (OR = 1.19; 95% CI: 1.09 - 1.31 for extent score and OR = 1.26; 95% CI: 1.10 - 1.44 for opacity score), and invasive mechanical ventilation (OR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.11 - 1.35 for geographic score and OR = 1.21; 95% CI: 1.05 - 1.38 for opacity score). CXR scores were not significantly different between survivors and non-survivors after adjusting for code status (p>0.05). CXR scores were not associated with length of hospitalisation or duration on ventilation (p>0.05). CONCLUSIONS Initial CXR scores have prognostic value and are associated with COVID-19 positivity, ICU admission, and mechanical ventilation.
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POS-376 THE EFFECTS OF C4d DEPOSITION ON THE PROGNOSIS IN IGA NEPHROPATHY: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS. Kidney Int Rep 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ekir.2021.03.394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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P15.09 A Promising Result of Two Therapeutic Peptides Combined with Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Advanced NSCLC. J Thorac Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2021.01.546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Label-free proteomics study on Shewanella putrefaciens regulated by ε-poly-lysine treatment. J Appl Microbiol 2021; 131:791-800. [PMID: 33289172 DOI: 10.1111/jam.14954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The purpose of this study was to investigate the regulatory mechanism of ε-PL on Shewanella putrefaciens. METHODS AND RESULTS Proteomics analysis of inhibitory effect of ε-PL against S. putrefaciens was performed by label-free quantitative assay based on high-resolution mass spectrometry (MS). Quantification of 2206 proteins was obtained with high confidence, and a total of 36 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs), with 10 and 26 proteins showing upregulation and downregulation, respectively, were identified. Upon Go functional enrichment, 11, 5 and 8 specific Go terms in biological processes, molecular functions and cellular components were identified, respectively. Six KEGG pathways, including 'ribosome', were significantly enriched. Among the ribosome pathway, there were seven DEPs and all of them were distributed on large and small subunits of ribosome. CONCLUSIONS The significant downregulation of proteins, large subunits of ribosomal proteins RP-L18, L30 and L27, small subunits ribosomal proteins S16 and S20, and RNA polymerase β' subunit protein rpoC were the critical action sites of ε-PL to inhibit S. putrefaciens growth. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Shewanella putrefaciens is one of the representative fish-spoilage bacteria regardless of fish type, and poses significant problems for the fish brewery. A better understanding of the antibacterial mechanism of ε-PL on S. putrefaciens could make important contributions to development of biological control strategies of these economically important pathogens.
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Darier disease restricted to the buttocks. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2020; 35:e268-e269. [PMID: 33131135 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Definitive Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy in The Local Management of Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Anticoagulation for mechanical aortic valve replacement: an international survey. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.2686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Mechanical valves are preferred over biologic valves in younger patients because they are more durable but require long-term anticoagulation which increases the risk of bleeding. For patients with a mechanical aortic valve, the ACCP guidelines recommend a target INR of 2.5 (range 2.0–3.0) for all patients, whereas the ACC/AHA and ESC guidelines recommend a higher target for selected patients with additional risk factors for thromboembolism (TE). Data supporting the guideline recommendations are largely historical and of low quality.
Purpose
We surveyed physicians who manage anticoagulation for patient with mechanical heart valves to determine their usual practice, perceptions regarding guideline recommendations, and interest in participating in a randomized controlled trial (RCT) comparing lower with higher INR targets in patients with a mechanical aortic valve.
Methods
A 33-question web-based survey was sent to 75 cardiologists, cardiac surgeons and thrombosis specialists at centres in Canada and internationally (western Europe, South America, and the United States) who participated in previous anticoagulation trials led by investigators at McMaster University.
Results
Of the 55 respondents (73.3% response rate), 77.8% worked in academic teaching hospitals. Respondents had been in practice for a mean of 23.6 years; 40.9% followed AHA/ACC guidelines, 34.1% followed the ACCP guidelines and 22.7% followed the ESC guidelines. In patients with a mechanical aortic valve and no additional TE risk factors, 80% of respondents targeted an INR of 2.5 (range 2.0–3.0); among patients with additional TE risk factors, 48% targeted an INR of 2.5 (range 2.0–3.0) and 44% targeted an INR of 3.0 (range 2.5–3.5). With respect to guidelines: 57.1% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that that the evidence for the guidelines was contemporary, 53.1% agreed or strongly agreed that the evidence was derived from patients with modern bi-leaflet mechanical valves, and 57.2% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that the evidence was not of high quality. A majority of respondents (65.9%) reported that they would accept an increase in TE risk to reduce the risk of a major bleeding event; 86.4% are willing to randomize patients with a mechanical aortic valve to a target INR of 2.0 (range 1.5–2.5) if they had no risk factors for TE and 36.4% would randomize patients to a target INR of 2.0 with additional risk factors for TE.
Conclusions
Clinicians who participated in the survey followed different guidelines and employed different INR targets for patients with a mechanical aortic valve. A majority of respondents would be willing to randomize these patients to lower INR targets.
Mechanical Aortic Valves and INR Targets
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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NTCP Modeling of Hypothyroidism after Supraclavicular-Directed Radiation Therapy for Breast Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.1033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Specific Taxa of the Intestinal Microbiome Mitigate the Radiation-Induced Gastrointestinal Syndrome. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2020.07.2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Effect Of Transtibial Prosthesis Mass On Gait Asymmetries. CANADIAN PROSTHETICS & ORTHOTICS JOURNAL 2020; 3:34609. [PMID: 37621951 PMCID: PMC10445795 DOI: 10.33137/cpoj.v3i2.34609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Individuals with transtibial amputation (TTA) typically walk with an asymmetrical gait pattern, which may predispose them to secondary complications and increase risk of fall. Gait asymmetry may be influenced by prosthesis mass. OBJECTIVES To explore the effects of prosthesis mass on temporal and limb loading asymmetry in people with TTA following seven days of acclimation and community use. METHODOLOGY Eight individuals with transtibial amputation participated. A counterbalanced repeated measures study, involving three sessions (each one week apart) was conducted, during which three load conditions were examined: no load, light load and heavy load. The light load and heavy load conditions were achieved by adding 30% and 50% of the mass difference between legs, at a proximal location on the prosthesis. Kinematic and ground reaction force data was captured while walking one week after the added mass. Symmetry indices between the prosthetic and intact side were computed for temporal (Stance and Swing time) and limb loading measures (vertical ground reaction force Peak and Impulse). FINDINGS Following seven days of acclimation, no significant differences were observed between the three mass conditions (no load, light load and heavy load) for temporal (Stance time: p=0.61; Swing time: p=0.13) and limb loading asymmetry (vertical ground reaction force Peak: p=0.95; vertical ground reaction force Impulse: p=0.55). CONCLUSIONS Prosthesis mass increase at a proximal location did not increase temporal and limb loading asymmetry during walking in individuals with TTA. Hence, mass increase subsequent to replacing proximally located prosthesis components may not increase gait asymmetry, thereby allowing more flexibility to the clinician for component selection.
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[Study on the role and possible mechanism of hemeoxygenase-1/carbon monoxide system in protection of quercetin against ethanol-induced hepatocytes oxidative injury]. ZHONGHUA GAN ZANG BING ZA ZHI = ZHONGHUA GANZANGBING ZAZHI = CHINESE JOURNAL OF HEPATOLOGY 2020; 28:504-508. [PMID: 32660180 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20200522-00269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To study the protective effect and potential mechanism of heme oxygenase (HO-1)/carbon monoxide (CO)-mediated quercetin on alcoholic oxidative damage of primary rat hepatocytes. Methods: Primary rat hepatocytes were isolated and cultured by two-step collagenase technique. Ethanol exposed primary rat hepatocytes were simultaneously added with quercetin (100 μmol/L) and/or hemoglobin (100 μmol/L) or different doses of CO-releasing molecules (CORM-2, 5-50 μmol/L) for their combined action. After polling, LDH, AST activities and MDA and GSH levels were measured in the supernatant of cell culture. The alone or combined effects of quercetin, CORM-2, hemoglobin and zinc protoporphyrin IX exposed to ethanol were detected by the activity of CYP2E1 in liver microsomes. Statistical analysis of data was performed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and intergroup comparison was done by SNK-test. Results: Simultaneous addition of 100 μmol/L quercetin had significantly reduced ethanol-induced AST and LDH release, and GSH consumption and MDA elevation extent. Moreover, quercetin had not only lost the hemoglobin (CO blocker) protective effect but also had further exacerbated ethanol-induced lipid peroxidation. CORM-2 had reduced ethanol-induced AST and LDH release, and GSH consumption and MDA production in liver cells, and thus had dose-dependent protective effect. Ethanol had increased significantly CYP2E1 activity. Quercetin or CORM-2 had inhibited CYP2E1 activity, while hemoglobin or protoporphyrin IX had eliminated quercetin inhibitory effect and had increased the CYP2E1 activity. Quercetin, and CYP2E1 activity was constant as compared to ethanol group when CORM-2, zinc protoporphyrin IX and ethanol were incubated with hepatocytes, but the CYP2E1 activity was significantly decreased (P < 0.05), and the differences were statistically significant. Conclusion: CO/HO-1 metabolite mediates the protective effect of quercetin on alcoholic oxidative damage of hepatocytes, which may be related to the inhibition of CYP2E1 activity.
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Diagnosis of Nitrogen Nutrition in Rice Leaves Influenced by Potassium Levels. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:165. [PMID: 32174942 PMCID: PMC7056715 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.00165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Evaluation of nitrogen (N) status by leaf color is a kind of classic nutritional diagnostic method. However, the color of leaves is influenced not only by N, but also by other nutrients such as potassium (K). Two-year field trials with a factorial combination of N and K were conducted to investigate the effects of different N and K rates on soil plant analysis development (SPAD) readings and leaf N, K, magnesium (Mg), and chlorophyll concentrations. Visual inspections in leaf greenness revealed darker green leaves with increasing N rates, while paler green leaves with increasing K rates. Data showed that SPAD readings, chlorophyll, N and Mg concentrations, and the chloroplast area increased significantly with raising N rates, while declined sharply with the increase in K rates due to the antagonistic relationships between K+ and NH4 + as well as Mg2+. It was also probable that the increase in K promoted the growth of leaves and diluted their N and Mg concentrations. The paler leaf appearance resulting from the application of K may overestimate the actual demand for N in the diagnosis of rice N status. The strong antagonistic relationships between K+, NH4 +, and Mg2+ should be considered in rice production and fertilization.
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The most useful cranial ultrasound predictor of neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years for preterm infants. Clin Radiol 2019; 75:278-286. [PMID: 31870490 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIM To determine the most important cranial ultrasound predictors of abnormality associated with neurodevelopmental outcome at 2 years of age in preterm infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 343 preterm infants born between 2005 and 2010 and cared for in KK Women's and Children's Hospital, a tertiary paediatric hospital, with birth weight ≤1,250 g were assessed in this retrospective study. Serial cranial ultrasound examinations were examined for intraventricular haemorrhage and cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Ventricular-brain ratio on term equivalent cranial ultrasound was measured. Neurodevelopmental outcome was assessed by the performance on Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, 3rd edition (Bayley-III) at 2 years corrected age. Mental delay was defined as having a combined Bayley-III score (the average of cognitive and language scores) <80. RESULTS The mean cognitive, language, and motor scores on Bayley-III in this cohort were 93±15, 83±18, and 92±15, respectively. Twenty-six percent of the preterm infants had mental delay and 4% had cerebral palsy. Ventricular-brain ratio >0.35 was the most significant factor associated with mental delay (odds ratio 5.28, 95% CI: 1.49-18.71, p=0.01). Other significant risk factors for mental delay were male gender, postnatal steroids, and necrotising enterocolitis, whereas maternal tertiary education was a protective factor against adverse outcome. CONCLUSION Ventricular-brain ratio >0.35 on term-equivalent cranial ultrasound in preterm infants is the strongest predictor for mental delay on Bayley score at 2 years of age.
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Intraocular Injections of JP4-039 Protects the Retina from Radiation Retinopathy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mitigation of Irradiation-Induced Damage Using a Three-Drug Regiment. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.1038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Interactive effects of nitrogen and potassium on photosynthesis and photosynthetic nitrogen allocation of rice leaves. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:302. [PMID: 31291890 PMCID: PMC6617825 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-1894-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitrogen (N) and potassium (K) are two important mineral nutrients in regulating leaf photosynthesis. Studying the interactive effects of N and K on regulating N allocation and photosynthesis (Pn) of rice leaves will be of great significance for further increasing leaf Pn, photosynthetic N use efficiency (PNUE) and grain yield. We measured the gas exchange of rice leaves in a field experiment and tested different kinds of leaf N based on N morphology and function, and calculated the interactive effects of N and K on N allocation and the PNUE. RESULTS Compared with N0 (0 kg N ha- 1) and K0 (0 kg K2O ha- 1) treatments, the Pn was increased by 17.1 and 12.2% with the supply of N and K. Compared with N0K0 (0 kg N and 0 kg K2O ha- 1), N0K120 (0 kg N and 120 kg K2O ha- 1) and N0K180 (0 kg N and 180 kg K2O ha- 1), N supply increased the absolute content of photosynthetic N (Npsn) by 15.1, 15.5 and 10.5% on average, and the storage N (Nstore) was increased by 32.7, 64.9 and 72.7% on average. The relative content of Npsn was decreased by 5.6, 12.1 and 14.5%, while that of Nstore was increased by 8.7, 27.8 and 33.8%. Supply of K promoted the transformation of Nstore to Npsn despite the leaf N content (Na) was indeed decreased. Compared with N0K0, N180K0 (180 kg N and 0 kg K2O ha- 1) and N270K0 (270 kg N and 0 kg K2O ha- 1), K supply increased the relative content of Npsn by 17.7, 8.8 and 7.3%, and decreased the relative content of Nstore by 24.2, 11.4 and 8.7% respectively. CONCLUSIONS This study indicated the mechanism that K supply decreased the Na but increased the Npsn content and then increased leaf Pn and PNUE from a new viewpoint of leaf N allocation. The supply of K promoted the transformation of Nstore to Npsn and increased the PNUE. The decreased Nstore mainly resulted from the decrease of non-protein N. Combined use of N and K could optimize leaf N allocation and maintain a high leaf Npsn content and PNUE.
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Abstract P2-01-09: ESR1 mutations drive breast cancer metastasis by context-dependent alterations in adhesive and migratory properties. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p2-01-09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Estrogen receptor alpha (ERα/ESR1) is mutated in 30-40% of endocrine resistant ER+ breast cancer. These mutations, primarily located in the ligand binding domain, are associated with worse outcome in patients, and preclinical studies have shown that they cause ligand independent growth. An open question is whether these mutations contribute to actual metastatic process, or merely endocrine resistance.
Methods: Using Y537S and D538G genome-edited MCF7 and T47D cells, 3D growth was assessed in ultralow attachment plates. Cell-cell adhesion was determined using calcein-labelled adhesion assay and quantitative microfluidic fluorescence microscope (qMFM). Collagen-based adhesion and spheroid invasion assays were used to test adhesive and invasive properties. Wound scratching, spheroid collective migration and Boyden chamber transwell assays were applied to monitor cell migratory phenotypes. Mutated ER cistromes were profiled using ChIP-sequencing. ESR1 mutations in clinical samples were characterized using ddPCR.
Results: Visual inspection of cells grown in suspension culture revealed more compressed multicellular spheroids in ESR1 mutant cells, indicative of increased cell-cell interactions. This observation was confirmed in both static and microfluidic conditions. This effect was more pronounced in MCF7 than T47D cells, correlating with increased expression of desmosome and gap junction genes. Pharmacological blockade of gap junctions decreased cell-cell adhesion. Decreased attachment and increased invasion to collagen were discerned in all mutant cell types. Further functional analysis identified alterations in the TIMP3-MMP axis causing these phenotypes. The cell-cell adhesion phenotypes were restricted to MCF7-Y537S/D538G and T47D-Y537S, whereas T47D-D538G cells showed significantly increased migration. A GSEA screen identified Wnt signaling as uniquely induced in this context, and combination treatment using the Wnt inhibitor LGK974 and Fulvestrant led to synergistic inhibition of migration. ChIP-seq identified mutation-specific cistromes with an overall increased ligand-independent ER binding. However, it did not reveal binding sites in any candidate metastases genes, suggesting secondary epigenetic mechanisms. The motif analysis revealed the enrichment of FOXA1 motifs in mutated ER cistromes except T47D-D538G cells. However, knockdown of FOXA1 induced significantly higher inhibition of T47D-D538G migration than Fulvestrant treatment alone, indicating a FOXA1-dominated mechanism. Collectively, these data show that ESR1 mutant cells gain metastatic properties, in addition to endocrine resistance. To prove this using clinical samples, we measured ESR1 mutations in a well-defined cohort of endocrine resistant local or distant recurrence. Significant enrichment of ESR1 mutations in distant (9/55) vs local (0/27) recurrences confirms critical role of mutant ERα in metastases.
Conclusion: Further analysis of context dependent changes in cell-cell adhesion and migration of ESR1 mutant cells might guide the design and development of drugs targeting ERα-mutant tumors, such as inhibitors of gap junction, FOXA1, MMP, and Wnt signaling pathways.
Disclosure: The authors declare no conflict of interest.
Citation Format: Li Z, Bahreini A, Levine KM, Wang P, Tasdemir N, Montanez MA, Sundd P, Wallace CT, Watkins SC, Chu D, Park BH, Hou W, Mooring MS, Zhu L, Tseng GC, Carroll JS, Atkinson JM, Lee AV, Oesterreich S. ESR1 mutations drive breast cancer metastasis by context-dependent alterations in adhesive and migratory properties [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P2-01-09.
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PROPERTY TAX DEFERRAL: A PROPOSAL TO HELP MASSACHUSETTS SENIORS. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Effect of Whole Brain Radiation Therapy on the Absolute Brain Volume Loss. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2018.07.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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EDUCATION AND THE ONSET OF COGNITIVE PATHOLOGY: A LONGITUDINAL ANALYSIS OF ACCELERATED COGNITIVE DECLINE. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Peripheral blood mononuclear cell biomarkers predict response to immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy in metastatic breast cancer. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy272.287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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[A multicenter, large-sample, randomized clinical trial on improving the median survival time of advanced non-small cell lung cancer by combination of Ginseng Rg3 and chemotherapy]. ZHONGHUA ZHONG LIU ZA ZHI [CHINESE JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY] 2018; 40:295-299. [PMID: 29730918 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2018.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To observe the efficacy of the combination of chemotherapy and Ginseng Rg3 on advanced non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC). Methods: In the multi-center, large-sample, randomized, double blind trial, 414 patients with Ⅲ-Ⅳ NSCLC were enrolled.199 were in the experimental group and 215 the control group. The patients in the experimental group were treated with the standard first-line chemotherapy combined with Ginseng Rg3. The patients in the control group were treated with the same chemotherapy combined with placebo. Median overall survival (OS), Karnofsky performance scale (KPS), Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) symptoms score and side effects of two groups were observed as main indexes. Results: The median OS were 12.03 months in the experimental group, which was significantly better than that in the control group (8.46 months, P<0.05). Hemoglobin and white blood cells were decreased after the first and second cycle of treatment in both groups. Both adverse events were significantly milder in the treatment group (P<0.05). In addition, after two courses of treatment, the KPS of patients was 78.95±9.14 in the experimental group and 76.77±9.15 in the control group, while the TCM symptoms score was 2.45±1.73 in the experimental group and 2.92±2.06 in the control group, with significant difference (P<0.05). Conclusions: Combination of TCM with Western medicine such as chemotherapy could prolong the survival of patients with advanced NSCLC. The combined therapy improved patients' symptoms and reduced chemotherapy induced myelosuppression.
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