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Giannopoulos AE, Zioga I, Papageorgiou P, Pervanidou P, Makris G, Chrousos GP, Stachtea X, Capsalis C, Papageorgiou C. Evaluating the Modulation of the Acoustic Startle Reflex in Children and Adolescents via Vertical EOG and EEG: Sex, Age, and Behavioral Effects. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:798667. [PMID: 35464323 PMCID: PMC9019526 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.798667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Acoustic startle reflex (ASR) constitutes a reliable, cross-species indicator of sensorimotor and inhibitory mechanisms, showing distinct signature in cognitive aging, sex, and psychopathological characterization. ASR can be modulated by the prepulse inhibition (PPI) paradigm, which comprises the suppression of reactivity to a startling stimulus (pulse) following a weak prepulse (30- to 500-ms time difference), being widely linked to inhibitory capabilities of the sensorimotor system. If the prepulse–pulse tones are more clearly separated (500–2,000 ms), ASR amplitude is enhanced, termed as prepulse facilitation (PPF), reflecting sustained or selective attention. Our study aimed to investigate early-life sensorimotor sex/age differences using Electroencephalographic recordings to measure muscular and neural ASR in a healthy young population. Sixty-three children and adolescents aged 6.2–16.7 years (31 females) took part in the experiment. Neural ASR was assessed by two different analyses, namely, event-related potentials (ERPs) and first-derivative potentials (FDPs). As expected, PPF showed enhanced responses compared with PPI, as indicated by eyeblink, ERP and FDP measures, confirming the gating effect hypothesis. Sex-related differences were reflected in FDPs, with females showing higher ASR than males, suggesting increased levels of poststartle excitability. Intragroup age effects were evaluated via multipredictor regression models, noticing positive correlation between age versus eyeblink and ERP responses. Attention-related ERPs (N100 and P200) showed distinct patterns in PPI versus PPF, potentially indicative for alternative attentional allocation and block-out of sensory overload. Screening measures of participants’ neurodevelopmental (assessed by Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children) and behavioral (assessed by Child Behavior Checklist) markers were also associated with increased N100/P200 responses, presumably indexing synergy between perceptual consistency, personality profiling, and inhibitory performance. Conclusively, modulation of ASR by PPI and PPF is associated with biological sex and internal/external personality traits in childhood and adolescence, potentially useful to guide symptomatology and prevention of psychopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios E. Giannopoulos
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
- *Correspondence: Anastasios E. Giannopoulos,
| | - Ioanna Zioga
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- First Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Papageorgiou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Gerasimos Makris
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - George P. Chrousos
- Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, “Aghia Sophia” Children’s Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Xanthi Stachtea
- Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), University Mental Health, Athens, Greece
| | - Christos Capsalis
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Charalabos Papageorgiou
- Neurosciences and Precision Medicine Research Institute “COSTAS STEFANIS” (UMHRI), University Mental Health, Athens, Greece
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Stachtea X, Loughrey MB, Salvucci M, Lindner AU, Cho S, McDonough E, Sood A, Graf J, Santamaria-Pang A, Corwin A, Laurent-Puig P, Dasgupta S, Shia J, Owens JR, Abate S, Van Schaeybroeck S, Lawler M, Prehn JHM, Ginty F, Longley DB. Stratification of chemotherapy-treated stage III colorectal cancer patients using multiplexed imaging and single-cell analysis of T-cell populations. Mod Pathol 2022; 35:564-576. [PMID: 34732839 PMCID: PMC8964416 DOI: 10.1038/s41379-021-00953-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has one of the highest cancer incidences and mortality rates. In stage III, postoperative chemotherapy benefits <20% of patients, while more than 50% will develop distant metastases. Biomarkers for identification of patients at increased risk of disease recurrence following adjuvant chemotherapy are currently lacking. In this study, we assessed immune signatures in the tumor and tumor microenvironment (TME) using an in situ multiplexed immunofluorescence imaging and single-cell analysis technology (Cell DIVETM) and evaluated their correlations with patient outcomes. Tissue microarrays (TMAs) with up to three 1 mm diameter cores per patient were prepared from 117 stage III CRC patients treated with adjuvant fluoropyrimidine/oxaliplatin (FOLFOX) chemotherapy. Single sections underwent multiplexed immunofluorescence staining for immune cell markers (CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3, PD1) and tumor/cell segmentation markers (DAPI, pan-cytokeratin, AE1, NaKATPase, and S6). We used annotations and a probabilistic classification algorithm to build statistical models of immune cell types. Images were also qualitatively assessed independently by a Pathologist as 'high', 'moderate' or 'low', for stromal and total immune cell content. Excellent agreement was found between manual assessment and total automated scores (p < 0.0001). Moreover, compared to single markers, a multi-marker classification of regulatory T cells (Tregs: CD3+/CD4+FOXP3+/PD1-) was significantly associated with disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) (p = 0.049 and 0.032) of FOLFOX-treated patients. Our results also showed that PD1- Tregs rather than PD1+ Tregs were associated with improved survival. These findings were supported by results from an independent FOLFOX-treated cohort of 191 stage III CRC patients, where higher PD1- Tregs were associated with an increase overall survival (p = 0.015) for CD3+/CD4+/FOXP3+/PD1-. Overall, compared to single markers, multi-marker classification provided more accurate quantitation of immune cell types with stronger correlations with outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthi Stachtea
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Maurice B Loughrey
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
- Department of Cellular Pathology, Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast Health and Social Care trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Andreas U Lindner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Sanghee Cho
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | | | - Anup Sood
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - John Graf
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | | | - Alex Corwin
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | | | | | - Jinru Shia
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan R Owens
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Samantha Abate
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Mark Lawler
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics and Centre for Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (RCSI) University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Fiona Ginty
- GE Research Center, 1 Research Circle, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Patrick G. Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Science, Queen's University Belfast, Northern Ireland, UK.
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Graf J, Cho S, McDonough E, Corwin A, Sood A, Lindner A, Salvucci M, Stachtea X, Van Schaeybroeck S, Dunne PD, Laurent-Puig P, Longley D, Prehn JHM, Ginty F. FLINO: a new method for immunofluorescence bioimage normalization. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:520-526. [PMID: 34601553 PMCID: PMC8723144 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btab686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Multiplexed immunofluorescence bioimaging of single-cells and their spatial organization in tissue holds great promise to the development of future precision diagnostics and therapeutics. Current multiplexing pipelines typically involve multiple rounds of immunofluorescence staining across multiple tissue slides. This introduces experimental batch effects that can hide underlying biological signal. It is important to have robust algorithms that can correct for the batch effects while not introducing biases into the data. Performance of data normalization methods can vary among different assay pipelines. To evaluate differences, it is critical to have a ground truth dataset that is representative of the assay. RESULTS A new immunoFLuorescence Image NOrmalization method is presented and evaluated against alternative methods and workflows. Multiround immunofluorescence staining of the same tissue with the nuclear dye DAPI was used to represent virtual slides and a ground truth. DAPI was restained on a given tissue slide producing multiple images of the same underlying structure but undergoing multiple representative tissue handling steps. This ground truth dataset was used to evaluate and compare multiple normalization methods including median, quantile, smooth quantile, median ratio normalization and trimmed mean of the M-values. These methods were applied in both an unbiased grid object and segmented cell object workflow to 24 multiplexed biomarkers. An upper quartile normalization of grid objects in log space was found to obtain almost equivalent performance to directly normalizing segmented cell objects by the middle quantile. The developed grid-based technique was then applied with on-slide controls for evaluation. Using five or fewer controls per slide can introduce biases into the data. Ten or more on-slide controls were able to robustly correct for batch effects. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The data underlying this article along with the FLINO R-scripts used to perform the evaluation of image normalizations methods and workflows can be downloaded from https://github.com/GE-Bio/FLINO. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Graf
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
| | - Sanghee Cho
- Department of Biology & Applied Physics, GE Research, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA
| | - Elizabeth McDonough
- Department of Biology & Applied Physics, GE Research, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA
| | - Alex Corwin
- Department of Biology & Applied Physics, GE Research, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA
| | - Anup Sood
- Department of Biology & Applied Physics, GE Research, Niskayuna, NY 12309, USA
| | - Andreas Lindner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre of Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre of Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Xanthi Stachtea
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Department of Biology, Hôpital Européen Georges-Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, 3 Av. Victoria, 75004 Paris, France
| | - Daniel Longley
- Department of Oncology, Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen’s University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Centre of Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Fiona Ginty
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
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Lindner AU, Salvucci M, McDonough E, Cho S, Stachtea X, O'Connell EP, Corwin AD, Santamaria-Pang A, Carberry S, Fichtner M, Van Schaeybroeck S, Laurent-Puig P, Burke JP, McNamara DA, Lawler M, Sood A, Graf JF, Rehm M, Dunne PD, Longley DB, Ginty F, Prehn JHM. An atlas of inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity of apoptosis competency in colorectal cancer tissue at single-cell resolution. Cell Death Differ 2021; 29:806-817. [PMID: 34754079 PMCID: PMC8990071 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-021-00895-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer cells’ ability to inhibit apoptosis is key to malignant transformation and limits response to therapy. Here, we performed multiplexed immunofluorescence analysis on tissue microarrays with 373 cores from 168 patients, segmentation of 2.4 million individual cells, and quantification of 18 cell lineage and apoptosis proteins. We identified an enrichment for BCL2 in immune, and BAK, SMAC, and XIAP in cancer cells. Ordinary differential equation-based modeling of apoptosis sensitivity at single-cell resolution was conducted and an atlas of inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity in apoptosis susceptibility generated. Systems modeling at single-cell resolution identified an enhanced sensitivity of cancer cells to mitochondrial permeabilization and executioner caspase activation compared to immune and stromal cells, but showed significant inter- and intra-tumor heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Ulrich Lindner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre of Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Manuela Salvucci
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre of Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | - Xanthi Stachtea
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Emer P O'Connell
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre of Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | | | | | - Steven Carberry
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre of Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Michael Fichtner
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Centre of Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Sandra Van Schaeybroeck
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Pierre Laurent-Puig
- Centre de Recherche des Cordeliers, INSERM, CNRS, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université, USPC, Equipe labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Paris, France
| | - John P Burke
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Deborah A McNamara
- Department of Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Beaumont Hospital, Beaumont Road, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Mark Lawler
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Anup Sood
- GE Research, Niskayuna, NY, 12309, USA
| | | | - Markus Rehm
- Institute of Cell Biology and Immunology, University of Stuttgart, Allmandring 31, 70569, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Philip D Dunne
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | - Daniel B Longley
- Centre for Cancer Research & Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast, BT9 7AE, Northern Ireland, UK
| | | | - Jochen H M Prehn
- Department of Physiology and Medical Physics, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland. .,Centre of Systems Medicine, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland University of Medicine and Health Sciences, 123 St. Stephen's Green, Dublin 2, Ireland.
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5
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Makris G, Pervanidou P, Chouliaras G, Stachtea X, Valavani E, Bastaki D, Korkoliakou P, Bali P, Poulaki K, Chrousos GP, Papageorgiou C. Diverse patterns of vulnerability to visual illusions in children with neurodevelopmental disorders. Cogn Process 2021; 22:659-673. [PMID: 34152544 DOI: 10.1007/s10339-021-01041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Research on how children with neurodevelopmental disorders perceive, process, and interpret visual illusions (VIs) has been extensively focused on children with autism spectrum disorder providing controversial findings. In this study, we investigated the patterns of vulnerability to a wide set of VIs comprising 23 standard text book VIs and their variations in a clinical sample of children with neurodevelopmental disorders compared to typically developing children (TD). A total of 176 children, aged between 4.6 and 13.8 years old, were distributed into four groups: high-functioning autism (HFA; N = 23), attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD; N = 42), specific learning disorder (SLD; N = 70), and TD (N = 41). Regression models, adjusted for sex, age, and non-verbal IQ, showed that HFA was associated with greater responses accuracy than TD children to the full battery of VIs, to the cognitive illusions, to the distortions, and to both geometrical illusions of size/shape (cognitive distortions) and lightness contrast effects (physical distortions). The susceptibility of ADHD children was found attenuated for illusory contours and greater for paradoxical illusions in comparison with TD children. No significant differences were shown between the SLD group and the TD children. Our findings, which were adjusted for the same duration of visual working memory across groups, showed that there is a potential specific tendency of HFA children to failure of processing visual information in context. Contrarily, children with ADHD showed in general normal global processing such as children diagnosed with SLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerasimos Makris
- Laboratory of Developmental Psychophysiology and Stress Research, Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Thivon & Levadias, 11527, Athens, Goudi, Greece.
| | - Panagiota Pervanidou
- Laboratory of Developmental Psychophysiology and Stress Research, Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Thivon & Levadias, 11527, Athens, Goudi, Greece
| | - Giorgos Chouliaras
- Laboratory of Developmental Psychophysiology and Stress Research, Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Thivon & Levadias, 11527, Athens, Goudi, Greece
| | - Xanthi Stachtea
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Eginition" University Hospital, Vasilissis Sophias 72-74, 11528, Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Valavani
- Laboratory of Developmental Psychophysiology and Stress Research, Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Thivon & Levadias, 11527, Athens, Goudi, Greece
| | - Despoina Bastaki
- Laboratory of Developmental Psychophysiology and Stress Research, Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Thivon & Levadias, 11527, Athens, Goudi, Greece
| | - Panagiota Korkoliakou
- Second Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462, Athens, Haidari, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Bali
- Second Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Attikon" University Hospital, Rimini 1, 12462, Athens, Haidari, Greece
| | - Kiriaki Poulaki
- Laboratory of Developmental Psychophysiology and Stress Research, Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Thivon & Levadias, 11527, Athens, Goudi, Greece
| | - George P Chrousos
- Laboratory of Developmental Psychophysiology and Stress Research, Unit of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics, First Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Aghia Sophia" Children's Hospital, Thivon & Levadias, 11527, Athens, Goudi, Greece
| | - Charalabos Papageorgiou
- First Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, "Eginition" University Hospital, Vasilissis Sophias 72-74, 11528, Athens, Greece
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Davison C, Morelli R, Knowlson C, McKechnie M, Carson R, Stachtea X, McLaughlin KA, Prise VE, Savage K, Wilson RH, Mulligan KA, Wilson PM, Ladner RD, LaBonte MJ. Targeting nucleotide metabolism enhances the efficacy of anthracyclines and anti-metabolites in triple-negative breast cancer. NPJ Breast Cancer 2021; 7:38. [PMID: 33824328 PMCID: PMC8024381 DOI: 10.1038/s41523-021-00245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains the most lethal breast cancer subtype with poor response rates to the current chemotherapies and a lack of additional effective treatment options. We have identified deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) as a critical gatekeeper that protects tumour DNA from the genotoxic misincorporation of uracil during treatment with standard chemotherapeutic agents commonly used in the FEC regimen. dUTPase catalyses the hydrolytic dephosphorylation of deoxyuridine triphosphate (dUTP) to deoxyuridine monophosphate (dUMP), providing dUMP for thymidylate synthase as part of the thymidylate biosynthesis pathway and maintaining low intracellular dUTP concentrations. This is crucial as DNA polymerase cannot distinguish between dUTP and deoxythymidylate triphosphate (dTTP), leading to dUTP misincorporation into DNA. Targeting dUTPase and inducing uracil misincorporation during the repair of DNA damage induced by fluoropyrimidines or anthracyclines represents an effective strategy to induce cell lethality. dUTPase inhibition significantly sensitised TNBC cell lines to fluoropyrimidines and anthracyclines through imbalanced nucleotide pools and increased DNA damage leading to decreased proliferation and increased cell death. These results suggest that repair of treatment-mediated DNA damage requires dUTPase to prevent uracil misincorporation and that inhibition of dUTPase is a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of TNBC chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Craig Davison
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Roisin Morelli
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Catherine Knowlson
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Melanie McKechnie
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Robbie Carson
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Xanthi Stachtea
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | | | | | - Kienan Savage
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Richard H Wilson
- Translational Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | | | - Robert D Ladner
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Melissa J LaBonte
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
- Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences: Patrick G Johnston Centre for Cancer Research, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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7
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Papageorgiou C, Stachtea X, Papageorgiou P, Alexandridis AT, Makris G, Chrousos G, Kosteletos G. Gender-dependent variations in optical illusions: evidence from N400 waveforms. Physiol Meas 2020; 41:095006. [PMID: 33021228 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6579/abb2eb] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The cognitive mechanisms (especially the gender-related ones) underlying optical illusion processing remain elusive. Since the N400 component of event-related potentials (ERPs) is an index of the semantic integration of information processing tasks, the present study focuses on gender-related differences in N400 waveforms elicited during the reasoning process applied to reach a valid conclusion of optical illusions engaging working memory (WM). APPROACH Fifty-one healthy participants (28 males, age = 34.25 years ± 10.25, years of education = 16.00 years ± 1.78; and 23 females, age = 33.43 ± 7.93, years of education = 15.56 ± 1.82) were measured. The N400 ERP component was evoked by 39 optical illusions adjusted to induce WM. We compared brain activation patterns while participants maintained conclusions of the optical illusions in WM. The N400 of ERPs was recorded during the WM phase, during which participants were required to draw a logical conclusion regarding the correctness of the optical illusions. MAIN RESULTS Analysis revealed that females compared to males exhibited significantly increased N400 amplitudes located at parietal and occipital sites, whereas males exhibited significantly higher N400 amplitudes located at frontal areas. Furthermore, females compared to males demonstrated significantly prolonged latencies of the N400 component located at right frontotemporal abductions. SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that coupling of optical illusions with WM engages distinct gender-related variations of brain semantic processing as reflected by the N400 ERP component. Based on the dual process account, our study gives support to the notion that women tend to employ a more deliberate and slower semantic reasoning than the men who tend to employ an automatic and fast one. Topographically, within the network sub-serving the semantic operation, the posterior brain areas responsible for sensorimotor integration-related processes elicit a greater brain activation among females while the anterior brain areas responsible for control and storage/retrieval operation elicit a greater brain activation among males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalabos Papageorgiou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece. University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
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Stachtea X, Lindner A, Salvucci M, Cho S, Sood A, McDonough E, Santamaria-Pang A, Graf J, Dunne P, Lawler M, Prehn J, Ginty F, Longley D. Abstract 2676: Hyperplexed immunofluorescence analysis (Cell DIVETM) of immune-related tumor heterogeneity in stage III colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2020. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2020-2676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has one of the highest Worldwide incidences and mortality rates. Genotoxic chemotherapy following surgery in stage III patients confers treatment benefit to less than 20% of the patients, with more than 50% of stage III patients going on to develop distant metastases. Currently, there are no predictive biomarkers that can identify which stage III patients will recur, which patients will benefit from chemotherapy and which should be redirected towards alternative therapeutic interventions. A major challenge in identifying such a universal biomarker is that CRC is a heterogeneous disease with multiple subtypes. In the current study, we assessed clinically-relevant immune cell populations in the tumour microenvironment (TME) of stage III tumours using a novel hyperplex in situ immunofluorescence imaging technology (Cell DIVETM, GE Healthcare, Issaquah, WA).
Tissue microarrays (TMAs) with up to three 1mm diameter cores per patient were prepared from 139 stage III CRC patients treated with adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy. Single sections (5 µm) were iteratively stained with Cy3- and Cy5-conjugated antibodies for immune cell markers as well as markers of cell death and metabolism. The images underwent illumination correction, DAPI-based registration and autofluorescence removal. After image quality control corrections, single cell segmentation was performed using a combination of DAPI [nuclear], pan-cytokeratin [epithelial], NaKATPase [membrane] and S6 [cytoplasmic] segmentation markers and an average of ~3,000 stromal cells and ~ 4,000 epithelial were segmented per tumour core.
A machine learning-based algorithm for immune cell classification and quantification was used to analyse the immune markers CD45, CD3, CD4, CD8, FOXP3 and PD1 to identify: cytotoxic T cells, T helper cells, regulatory T cells and potential relevance of immune checkpoint therapy. In the tumour tissues, the median proportion of CD3+ segmented cells was ~8%. Classified immune cells were counted within epithelial and stromal regions, with patients categorised as Low, Intermediate and High (based on <25th, 25th - 75th and >75th percentile, respectively) for each cell type. Preliminary survival analyses show that patients with ‘CD8 High' intratumoural cytotoxic T cells have better Disease-Free Survival compared to ‘CD8 Low' patients in this FOLFOX-treated cohort. By combining single-cell data with clinicopathological patient data, we aim to identify immune-, cell death- and metabolism-related signatures that can predict benefit from adjuvant FOLFOX chemotherapy for Stage III CRC patients.
Citation Format: Xanthi Stachtea, Andreas Lindner, Manuela Salvucci, Sanghee Cho, Anup Sood, Elizabeth McDonough, Alberto Santamaria-Pang, John Graf, Philip Dunne, Mark Lawler, Jochen Prehn, Fiona Ginty, Daniel Longley. Hyperplexed immunofluorescence analysis (Cell DIVETM) of immune-related tumor heterogeneity in stage III colorectal cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 2676.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Philip Dunne
- 1Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Lawler
- 1Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - Jochen Prehn
- 2Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The development of a new non-intrusive optical system for remotely measuring acoustic startle reflex (ASR) in humans. APPROACH The eye reflex movement during an acoustic stimulation session is recorded through a high-speed digital camera. The eyes region is isolated by the rest of the face by an advanced pyramid-like feature detection algorithm, which greatly reduces the number of false positives. A separate Lucas-Kanade optical flow routine is designed for the eyeblink movement detection and the startle eyeblink reflex (SEBR) curve extraction. Image masking is implemented for the elimination of unwanted artifacts caused mainly by voluntary eye movement. The proposed system was tested along with a valid EMG system on a sample of 32 healthy randomly selected adults, and the results were compared in order to measure the system's degree of reliability. MAIN RESULTS To assess the proposed method's validity the EMG data was used as a benchmark. The results showed strong correlation between EMG and Camera acquired results, which proves the validity of the proposed method. Furthermore, by comparing the response probability and the signal to noise ratio (SNR) for the two techniques, we proved that the proposed method can surpass the traditional EMG system in terms of accuracy and reliability. SIGNIFICANCE The proposed technique presents a simple, robust and reliable non-intrusive means of measuring ASR in humans, with the potential of future implementation on various ASR psychophysiology experiments, such as the study of PPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Balogiannis
- Laboratory of Biomedical Optics and Applied Biophysics, School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, Iroon Politechniou 9, Zografou Campus, Athens 15780, Greece
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Lindner AU, Salvucci M, Stachtea X, Carberry S, Dunne PD, Sood A, McDonough E, Cho S, Laurent-Puig P, Schaeybroeck SV, Salto-Tellez M, Graf JF, Rehm M, Lawler M, Longley DB, Fiona FG, Prehn JH. Abstract LB-088: Exploratory multiplex tissue image analysis of the impact of heterogeneity in the microenvironment of primary colorectal cancer on apoptosis markers in patients. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2019-lb-088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Apoptosis is essential for chemotherapy responses. We previously developed the mathematical models APOPTO-CELL and DR_MOMP to estimate the magnitude of tumor cells resilience to undergo and execute apoptosis in response to chemotherapy, and demonstrated that these models are prognostic markers of clinical responses in stage 3 colorectal cancer patients [Salvucci M et al., Clin Cancer Res 2017; Lindner AU et al., Gut 2018]. However, the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer tissue represents a hurdle that we have yet to overcome on our way to entirely understand differences in response and clinical outcome in patients. Quantification of protein levels as input for systems studies routinely reflects a local cell population average rather than protein levels in individual cells. In this study we aim to gain a better understanding of apoptosis resilience in tumors with respect to tumor cell heterogeneity and cell composition and local aspects of the tumor microenvironment.
Two to three core slices of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded primary colorectal cancer tissue were collected from 165 stage II-IV patients from a previously used cohort [Salvucci M et al. 2017; Lindner AU et al. 2018]. The levels of 25 protein markers for cell type and immune status, apoptosis, metabolism and cell proliferation, as well as cell segmentation markers, were measured on TMA slides using a multiplexed tissue immunofluorescence imaging platform (Cell DIVE [Gerdes et al., Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2013]). Batch correction between slides was performed using linear regression (using markers for regulatory T cell in patient tissues as housekeeping cells. Formalin-fixed gene deficient cells were used in parallel for antibody validation.
The layout allowed us to create protein profiles for on average 13,079 (± 2,282 SD) cells per core per patient, and to categorize these as epithelial-like cells, regulatory T cells, T helper cells, cytotoxic T cells, other leukocytes and other cells. The data will be used to identify cells contributing most to the signal measured with traditional methods (such as reverse protein phase arrays) that were used to predict patients clinical response to therapy in our previous studies. Further, we will assess spatial differences in distribution and frequency of different cells and their contribution to clinical outcome in colorectal cancer patients. Specifically, we are investigating metrics to characterize the spatial features and layout found in each core in terms of textures, degree of lacunarity, neighboring cells composition and patterns of protein expression (diffuse vs. patchy) and co-expression among cell types. Further, we will characterize the degree of intra- and inter-patient spatial heterogeneity and will examine the association between the identified spatial motifs with macroscopical characteristics of the tumor and outcome.
Citation Format: Andreas Urlich Lindner, Manuela Salvucci, Xanthi Stachtea, Steven Carberry, Philip D. Dunne, Anup Sood, Elizabeth McDonough, Sanghee Cho, Pierre Laurent-Puig, Sandra Van Schaeybroeck, Manuel Salto-Tellez, John F. Graf, Markus Rehm, Mark Lawler, Daniel B. Longley, Fiona Ginty Fiona, Jochen H. Prehn. Exploratory multiplex tissue image analysis of the impact of heterogeneity in the microenvironment of primary colorectal cancer on apoptosis markers in patients [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2019; 2019 Mar 29-Apr 3; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(13 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-088.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Markus Rehm
- 5University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Ireland
| | - Mark Lawler
- 2Queen's University, Belfast, Belfast, United Kingdom
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Katsouris AG, Kapsalis NC, Stachtea X, Papageorgiou P, Mavromatos A, Papageorgiou C, Capsalis CN. Mental processing comparison between past and future employing a novel EEG analysis based on radiated EM field estimation. J Neurosci Methods 2019; 311:156-163. [PMID: 30342107 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2018.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 10/16/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The inverse problem solution in the field of ElectroEncephaloGraphy (EEG) analysis has been addressed in the scientific literature for many decades, utilizing either mathematical techniques for measurement fitting or pure ElectroMagnetic (EM) methods involving complex head models for the prediction of the near field. NEW METHOD A novel radiated EM field estimation analysis scheme is proposed for EEG analysis, based on the determination of a grid of equivalent distributed EM sources with equal magnetic moments, in order to compute the extrapolated far field. A Pattern Search approach is adopted to minimize the Mean Absolute Relative Error between the EM near field created by the source grid and the EM field extracted by the measurements. RESULTS The application of the method on a subject's brain activity recordings in the context of "Protagoras" mental-auditory experiment demonstrates the capability of the proposed scheme to compare the subject's concentration differences between the limit of present and past versus the limit of present and future. COMPARISON WITH EXISTING METHODS The proposed method combines features from different existing methods, both in terms of mathematical and EM theory techniques, in order to extend their capabilities and transform the conventional analysis of EEG recordings to a far field radiation basis. CONCLUSIONS The treatment of the brain as an equivalent far field radiator can be a useful and promising new perspective to the established analysis of EEG recordings arising from brain activity during mental processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrianos G Katsouris
- Wireless & Long Distance Communications Laboratory, Department of Information Transmission Systems & Materials Technology, School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Iroon Polytechniou Str., P.O. 15773, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece.
| | - Nikolaos C Kapsalis
- Wireless & Long Distance Communications Laboratory, Department of Information Transmission Systems & Materials Technology, School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Iroon Polytechniou Str., P.O. 15773, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece.
| | - Xanthi Stachtea
- 1(st) Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sophias Ave., 11528, Athens, Greece; University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece.
| | | | | | - Charalabos Papageorgiou
- 1(st) Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, Eginition Hospital, 74 Vas. Sophias Ave., 11528, Athens, Greece; University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece.
| | - Christos N Capsalis
- Wireless & Long Distance Communications Laboratory, Department of Information Transmission Systems & Materials Technology, School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 9, Iroon Polytechniou Str., P.O. 15773, Zografou Campus, Athens, Greece.
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Papageorgiou C, Stachtea X, Papageorgiou P, Alexandridis AT, Tsaltas E, Angelopoulos E. Aristotle Meets Zeno: Psychophysiological Evidence. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0168067. [PMID: 28033333 PMCID: PMC5199053 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0168067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This study, a tribute to Aristotle's 2400 years, used a juxtaposition of valid Aristotelian arguments to the paradoxes formulated by Zeno the Eleatic, in order to investigate the electrophysiological correlates of attentional and /or memory processing effects in the course of deductive reasoning. Participants undertook reasoning tasks based on visually presented arguments which were either (a) valid (Aristotelian) statements or (b) paradoxes. We compared brain activation patterns while participants maintained the premises / conclusions of either the valid statements or the paradoxes in working memory (WM). Event-related brain potentials (ERPs), specifically the P300 component of ERPs, were recorded during the WM phase, during which participants were required to draw a logical conclusion regarding the correctness of the valid syllogisms or the paradoxes. During the processing of paradoxes, results demonstrated a more positive event-related potential deflection (P300) across frontal regions, whereas processing of valid statements was associated with noticeable P300 amplitudes across parieto-occipital regions. These findings suggest that paradoxes mobilize frontal attention mechanisms, while valid deduction promotes parieto-occipital activity associated with attention and/or subsequent memory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charalabos Papageorgiou
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
| | - Xanthi Stachtea
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
| | - Panos Papageorgiou
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
| | | | | | - Elias Angelopoulos
- 1st Department of Psychiatry, Eginition Hospital, Athens, Greece
- University Mental Health Research Institute (UMHRI), Athens, Greece
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Papaodysseus C, Zannos S, Giannopoulos F, Arabadjis D, Rousopoulos P, Stachtea X, Papageorgiou C. A new approach for the classification of event related potentials for valid and paradox reasoning. Biocybern Biomed Eng 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbe.2015.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gustafsson R, Stachtea X, Maccarana M, Grottling E, Eklund E, Malmström A, Oldberg A. Dermatan sulfate epimerase 1 deficient mice as a model for human abdominal wall defects. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 100:712-20. [PMID: 25186462 PMCID: PMC4233991 DOI: 10.1002/bdra.23300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 07/15/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dermatan sulfate (DS) is a highly sulfated polysaccharide with a variety of biological functions in extracellular matrix organization and processes such as tumorigenesis and wound healing. A distinct feature of DS is the presence of iduronic acid, produced by the two enzymes, DS-epimerase 1 and 2, which are encoded by Dse and Dsel, respectively. METHODS We have previously shown that Dse knockout (KO) mice in a mixed C57BL/6-129/SvJ background have an altered collagen matrix structure in skin. In the current work we studied Dse KO mice in a pure NFR genetic background. RESULTS Dse KO embryos and newborns had kinked tails and histological staining revealed significantly thicker epidermal layers in Dse KO mice when compared with heterozygote (Het) or wild-type (WT) littermates. Immunochemical analysis of the epidermal layers in newborn pups showed increased expression of keratin 5 in the basal layer and keratin 1 in the spinous layer. In addition, we observed an abdominal wall defect with herniated intestines in 16% of the Dse KO embryos. Other, less frequent, developmental defects were exencephaly and spina bifida. CONCLUSION We conclude that the combination of defective collagen structure in the dermis and imbalanced keratinocyte maturation could be responsible for the observed developmental defects in Dse KO mice. In addition, we propose that Dse KO mice could be used as a model in pathogenetic studies of human fetal abdominal wall defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renata Gustafsson
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, BMC D10, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Karousou E, Stachtea X, Moretto P, Viola M, Vigetti D, D'Angelo ML, Raio L, Ghezzi F, Pallotti F, De Luca G, Karamanos NK, Passi A. New insights into the pathobiology of Down syndrome - hyaluronan synthase-2 overexpression is regulated by collagen VIα2 chain. FEBS J 2013; 280:2418-30. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.12220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 02/12/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Karousou
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Xanthi Stachtea
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Patras; Greece
| | - Paola Moretto
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Manuela Viola
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Davide Vigetti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Maria Luisa D'Angelo
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Luigi Raio
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; University of Berne; Switzerland
| | - Fabio Ghezzi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Francesco Pallotti
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Giancarlo De Luca
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese; Italy
| | - Nikos K. Karamanos
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Chemistry; University of Patras; Greece
| | - Alberto Passi
- Laboratory of Biochemistry; Department of Surgical and Morphological Sciences; School of Medicine; University of Insubria; Varese; Italy
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Stachtea X, Karamanos N, Klouras N. Enhanced antitumour activity of cyclopendadienyl-substituted metallocene dihalides in human breast and colon cancer cells. Anticancer Res 2009; 29:3227-3231. [PMID: 19661339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Metallocene dihalides, which are cyclopentadienyl complexes with the general formula R2MX2 (where R=eta(5)-C5H5, eta(5)-CH3C5H4, eta(5)-SiMe3C5H4 etc.; M=Ti, Zr, Hf, V or Nb; and X=halogen), are highly effective agents against Ehrlich ascites tumour cells and lymphocytic leukaemia. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antitumor activity of the various metallocene dihalides and particularly their effects on cell proliferation of human breast and colon cancer cells. The growth inhibition of the antitumour metallocenes (eta(5)-C5H5)2TiCl2 and (eta(5)-C5H5)2VCl2 and four ring-substituted derivatives in HT-29 (colon cancer) and MCF-7 (breast cancer) cell lines is reported. The results showed that ring-substitution of metallocenes gave similar or even better activity in cell proliferation reduction, in both cell lines, especially in HT-29 and suggested that ring-substitution may enhance the inhibitory activity of the metallocene compound family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xanthi Stachtea
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Patras, 26500 Patras, Greece
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