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Abstract
Recently, Up-frameshift protein 1 (UPF1) is reported to be downregulated in various cancers and its low expression is closely correlated with poor prognosis. UPF1 is well known as a master regulator of nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD), which serves as a highly conserved mRNA surveillance process protecting cells from aberrant toxic transcripts. Due to dysfunction of UPF1, NMD fails to proceed, which contributes to tumor initiation and progression. This review shows a brief summary of the aberrant expression, functional roles and molecular mechanisms of UPF1 during tumorigenesis. Increasing evidence has indicated that UPF1 could serve as a potential biomarker for cancer diagnosis and treatment for future clinical applications in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin-Lie Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
- Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huai-Ming Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Lin
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
| | - Yong-Ming Zeng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 515041 Shantou, China
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Lin XS, Wang HY, Zhang Z, Liu HJ, Qu Z, Wu KL, Xiao QH, Zhu JZ, Zhang P. Effects of Acupoint Application Therapy with TianGui Powder on Osteoporosis in Ovariectomized Rats through TGF-β1 and Smad2/3 Signaling Pathway. Orthop Surg 2019; 11:143-150. [PMID: 30834706 PMCID: PMC6430465 DOI: 10.1111/os.12427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2018] [Revised: 12/26/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives To explore the effects of acupoint application therapy (AAT) with TianGui Powder (TGP) on the expressions of the transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‐β1) and Smad‐2/3 signaling pathway in ovariectomized osteoporosis rats. Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group (group A), model group (group B), TGP group (group C), and Western medicine group (group D). Group A had only the corresponding amount of adipose tissue around the ovary removed; rats in the other groups had bilateral ovariectomies. After 1 week, groups A and B were given 1 mL/100 mg normal saline solution by gavage, group C was treated with AAT with TGP on ShenQue acupoint (0.2 piece/rat, 6 h/time, 1 time/d) and group D was given calcium carbonate vitamin D3 (36 mg/kg/d) and alfacalcidol (0.05 μg/kg/d) tablet suspension. In this study, the bone mineral density (BMD) , the levels of BALP, TRAP‐5b, and BGP in serum and the changes in bone histomorphology was detected. For acquiring lumbar experimental data, the expression of TGF‐β1, Smad‐2/3 proteins and mRNA of TGF‐β1and Smad‐2/3 were assessed. After 12 weeks, the data were collected for analysis. Results Compared with group A, the bone trabecula was thinner and significantly reduced in other groups. The result of BMD improved significantly in both groups C and D compared to group B after intervention (P < 0.05). In contrast, compared to group B, the levels of BALP, TRAP‐5b, and BGP significantly declined in both groups C and D. In group C, the results of protein expressions in TGF‐β1, Smad‐2/3 were 2.870 ± 0.270, 1.552 ± 0.111, and 1.420 ± 0.079, respectively. In groups C and D, those indications significantly declined compared to group B (P < 0.01). In group C, the level of mRNA expressions of TGF‐β1, Smad‐2/3 were 1.872 ± 0.177, 1.672 ± 0.086, and 1.790 ± 0.136, respectively. Compared with group B, those indications had significant difference in groups C and D (P < 0.05). Conclusion Acupoint application therapy with TGP could significantly improve the BMD. The TGF‐β1 and Smad‐2/3 signaling pathway could be a therapeutic target of TGP in postmenopausal osteoporosis rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Sheng Lin
- ShenZhen Bao'An Shajing People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hai-Yan Wang
- ShenZhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- ShenZhen Bao'An Shajing People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, China.,Postdoctoral Station in Dongguan & Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Cooperative Academy of Mathematical, Engineering for Chinese Medicine, Dongguan, China
| | - Han-Jiao Liu
- ShenZhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Zhen Qu
- ShenZhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ke-Liang Wu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, School of Shenzhen Bao'An Shajing People's Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qing-Hua Xiao
- ShenZhen Bao'An Shajing People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jian-Zong Zhu
- ShenZhen Bao'An Shajing People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
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Tan HZ, Lin WJ, Huang JQ, Dai M, Fu JH, Huang QH, Chen WM, Xu YL, Ye TT, Lin ZY, Lin XS, Cai JX, Dong YH, Luo HY, Chen SH, Huang YL, Yang J, Lin AX, Yuan XQ, Chen SY, Wang KS, Zhuang CY, Wang SC, Lin LL, Zou XF, Song ZH, Fang XH, Chen T, Zhang JH, Li KQ, Chen LH, Lin XP, Lin JM, Lin JN, Lin PL, Chen JT, Lin KM, Hong XC, Wang LD, Xu LY, Li EM, Zhang JJ. Updated incidence rates and risk factors of esophageal cancer in Nan'ao Island, a coastal high-risk area in southern China. Dis Esophagus 2017; 30:1-7. [PMID: 26918692 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal cancer (EC) is one of the most common cancers in China. The purpose of this study was to investigate the updated incidence rates and risk factors of EC in Nan'ao Island, where the EC incidence rate was chronically the highest in southern China. To calculate the annual incidence rate, data on 338 EC cases from Nan'ao Cancer Registry system diagnosed during 2005-2011 were collected. A case-control study was conducted to explore the EC risk factors. One hundred twenty-five alive EC patients diagnosed during 2005-2011 and 250 controls were enrolled into the case-control study. A pre-test questionnaire on demography, dietary factors, drinking water treatment, and behavioral factors was applied to collect information of all participants. The average EC incidence rates during 2005-2011 were 66.09/105, 94.62/105, 36.83/105 for both genders, males and females, respectively, in Nan'ao Island. The EC incidence rate in males was 2.40- to 4.55-fold higher than that in females in the period from 2006 to 2011 (P < 0.05). Considering the onset age, males tend to be much younger than females and reached peak incidence rate at a younger age (P < 0.05). Drinking water treatment by filter (odds ratio [OR] = 0.28, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 0.13-0.58) and fruit consumption (OR = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.32-0.94) reduced the risk for EC. On the contrary, the pickled vegetables consumption (OR = 2.64, 95% CI = 1.46-4.76) and liquor drinking (OR = 2.32, 95% CI = 1.21-4.44) increased the risk for EC. These results may be of importance for future research on EC etiology and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua-Zhen Tan
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Jie Lin
- Shantou City Nan'ao County People's Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jin-Qu Huang
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Meng Dai
- Health Management Center, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Hua Fu
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Esophageal Cancer Research Institute, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Qing-Hua Huang
- Shantou City Nan'ao County People's Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Wei-Min Chen
- Shantou City Nan'ao County People's Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi-Long Xu
- Shantou City Nan'ao County People's Hospital, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ting-Ting Ye
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ze-Ying Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Sheng Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Xiong Cai
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yu-Hao Dong
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hai-Yu Luo
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuo-Hang Chen
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong-Lin Huang
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing Yang
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - An-Xin Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Qiang Yuan
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Sheng-Ying Chen
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai-Song Wang
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Cai-Yu Zhuang
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Si-Chao Wang
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Ling Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Fei Zou
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhan-Hui Song
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Fang
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tong Chen
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Ju-Hong Zhang
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai-Qin Li
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Hang Chen
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Peng Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jing-Mei Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jia-Na Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Pei-Le Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jie-Ting Chen
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Kai-Miao Lin
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Hong
- The Key Lab of Molecular Biology for High Cancer Incidence Coastal Chaoshan Area, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Li-Dong Wang
- Henan Key Laboratory for Esophageal Cancer Laboratory for Cancer Research, Basic Medical College, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
| | - Jian-Jun Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong, China
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Zhao KH, Cai YZ, Lin XS, Xiong J, Halling PJ, Yang Z. Enzymatic Synthesis of Glucose-Based Fatty Acid Esters in Bisolvent Systems Containing Ionic Liquids or Deep Eutectic Solvents. Molecules 2016; 21:molecules21101294. [PMID: 27689970 PMCID: PMC6273948 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21101294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sugar fatty acid esters (SFAEs) are biocompatible nonionic surfactants with broad applications in food, cosmetic, and pharmaceutical industries. They can be synthesized enzymatically with many advantages over their chemical synthesis. In this study, SFAE synthesis was investigated by using two reactions: (1) transesterification of glucose with fatty acid vinyl esters and (2) esterification of methyl glucoside with fatty acids, catalyzed by Lipozyme TLIM and Novozym 435 respectively. Fourteen ionic liquids (ILs) and 14 deep eutectic solvents (DESs) were screened as solvents, and the bisolvent system composed of 1-hexyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethylsulfonate ([HMIm][TfO]) and 2-methyl-2-butanol (2M2B) was the best for both reactions, yielding optimal productivities (769.6 and 397.5 µmol/h/g, respectively) which are superior to those reported in the literature. Impacts of different reaction conditions were studied for both reactions. Response surface methodology (RSM) was employed to optimize the transesterification reaction. Results also demonstrated that as co-substrate, methyl glucoside yielded higher conversions than glucose, and that conversions increased with an increase in the chain length of the fatty acid moieties. DESs were poor solvents for the above reactions presumably due to their high viscosity and high polarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Hua Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Yu-Zheng Cai
- College of Life Sciences and oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Xiao-Sheng Lin
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jun Xiong
- College of Life Sciences and oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Ecology, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.
| | - Peter J Halling
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK.
| | - Zhen Yang
- College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong, China.
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Lin XS, Tang J, Li ZY, Li HY. Vegetation greenness modelling in response to interannual precipitation and temperature changes between 2001 and 2012 in Liao River Basin in Jilin Province, China. Springerplus 2016; 5:1173. [PMID: 27512632 PMCID: PMC4960087 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2737-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Accepted: 07/01/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Liao River basin in Jilin Province is the place of origin of the Dongliao River. This study gives a comprehensive analysis of the vegetation coverage in the region and provides a potential theoretical basis for ecological restoration.
Methods The seasonal variation of vegetation greenness and dynamics based on the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) in major land cover types in the region was studied. Analyzing the relationship NDVI, temperature and rainfall, we derived a set of predictor variables from 2001 to 2012 using the MODIS Terra level 1 Product (MOD02QKM).
Results The results showed a general increasing trend in NDVI value in the region, while 34.63 % of the region showed degradation. NDVI values begin to rise from April when plants are regreening and they drop in September when temperature are decreasing and the leaves are falling in the study area and temperature was found decreasing during the period of 2001–2012 while rainfall showed an increasing trend. This model could be used to observe the change in vegetation greenness and the dynamic effects of temperature and rainfall.
Conclusion This study provided important data for the environmental protection of the basin area. And we hope to provide scientific analysis for controlling water and soil erosion, maintaining the sustainable productivity of land resources, enhancing the treatment of water pollution and stimulating the virtuous cycle of the ecological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Sheng Lin
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2699 QianJin Street, Changchun, 130012 Jilin People's Republic of China ; College of Environment and Resource, Jilin University, 2699 QianJin Street, Changchun, 130012 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Tang
- Key Lab of Groundwater Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, 2699 QianJin Street, Changchun, 130012 Jilin People's Republic of China ; College of Environment and Resource, Jilin University, 2699 QianJin Street, Changchun, 130012 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao-Yang Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Jilin University, 2699 QianJin Street, Changchun, 130012 Jilin People's Republic of China
| | - Hai-Yi Li
- College of Environment and Resource, Jilin University, 2699 QianJin Street, Changchun, 130012 Jilin People's Republic of China
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Lin XS, Zhao KH, Zhou QL, Xie KQ, Halling PJ, Yang Z. Aspergillus oryzae lipase-catalyzed synthesis of glucose laurate with excellent productivity. BIORESOUR BIOPROCESS 2016. [DOI: 10.1186/s40643-015-0080-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Yang T, Chen BZ, Li DF, Wang HM, Lin XS, Wei HF, Zeng YM. Reduced NM23 Protein Level Correlates With Worse Clinicopathologic Features in Colorectal Cancers: A Meta-Analysis of Pooled Data. Medicine (Baltimore) 2016; 95:e2589. [PMID: 26825905 PMCID: PMC5291575 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000002589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The clinical value of a prominent metastasis suppressor, nonmetastatic protein 23 (NM23), remains controversial. In this study, we examined the correlation between NM23 protein levels and the clinicopathologic features of colorectal cancers (CRC), and assessed the overall prognostic value of NM23 for CRC. Embase, PubMed, Web of Science, and other scientific literature databases were exhaustively searched to identify relevant studies published prior to June 31, 2015. The methodological qualities of selected studies were scored based on the critical appraisal skills program (CASP) criteria, as independently assessed by 2 reviewers. NM23 protein levels in tumor tissues of CRC patients were examined in relation to Dukes stage, differentiation grade, T-stage, lymph node metastasis status, and overall survival (OS). STATA software version 12.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX) was used for statistical analysis of data pooled from selected studies. Nineteen cohort studies met the inclusion criteria for present study and contained a combined total of 2148 study subjects. Pooled odd ratios (ORs) for NM23 expression revealed that reduced NM23 protein levels in CRC tumor tissues correlated with Dukes stage C and D (OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.06-3.39, P = 0.032), poor differentiation grades (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03-1.94, P = 0.032), and positive lymph node metastasis status (OR = 3.21, 95% CI: 1.95-5.29, P < 0.001). On the other hand, no such correlations were evident with T-stage T3-4 (OR = 1.56, 95% CI: 0.60-4.06, P = 0.367) or OS (OR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.58-1.08, P = 0.138). Our analysis of pooled data found that NM23 expression is reduced in CRC tissues and low NM23 levels tightly correlate with higher Dukes stages, poorer differentiation grade, and positive lymph node metastases. However, NM23 levels did not influence the OS in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian Yang
- From the Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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Lin XS, Wen Q, Huang ZL, Cai YZ, Halling PJ, Yang Z. Impacts of ionic liquids on enzymatic synthesis of glucose laurate and optimization with superior productivity by response surface methodology. Process Biochem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2015.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Chen RS, Liu CB, Lin XS, Feng XM, Zhu JM, Ye FQ. Supracondylar extension fracture of the humerus in children. Manipulative reduction, immobilisation and fixation using a U-shaped plaster slab with the elbow in full extension. J Bone Joint Surg Br 2001; 83:883-7. [PMID: 11521934 DOI: 10.1302/0301-620x.83b6.11705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
We present a method of manipulative reduction, immobilisation and fixation using a U-shaped plaster with the elbow in extension for extension-type supracondylar fractures of the humerus in children. When the elbow is in full extension, both the extensor and the flexor muscles are neutralised during manipulative reduction and the carrying angle can be easily assessed thus preventing cubitus varus, the most common complication. In order to evaluate the efficiency of this method, we compared the clinical results of the new method with those of conventional treatment. In a group of 95 children who sustained an extension-type supracondylar fracture of the humerus, 49 were treated by the new method and 46 by the conventional method, reduction and immobilisation in a plaster slab with the elbow in flexion. Reduction and immobilisation were easily achieved and reliably maintained by one manipulation for all the children treated by the new method. In 12 children treated by the conventional method, the initial reduction failed and in seven secondary displacement of the distal fragment occurred during the period of immobilisation in plaster. All required a second or third manipulation. Of the 46 children, 28 (60.9%) had developed cubitus varus at a mean follow-up of 4.6 years when treated by the conventional method. None of the children treated by the new method developed cubitus varus. The mean score, according to the Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) elbow scoring system, was 91 points using the new method and 78 with the conventional method. The results were statistically significant with regard to the incidence of cubitus varus and the elbow score (p < 0.01) suggesting that the new method is reliable and gives a satisfactory outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Chen
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Baonan District People's Hospital, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Caspases are a family of cysteine proteases capable of characteristically cleaving after an aspartic acid residue. Various members of the caspase family (e.g., caspases 8 and 9) have been implicated as critical initiators in the signaling phase, while others (e.g., caspases 3, 6, and 7) have been implicated in the effector or execution phase of apoptosis. Thapsigargin (TG) is capable of inducing cell proliferation-independent apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. This study was undertaken to determine if caspase inhibition can prevent TG- or 5-fluorodeoxyuridine (5-FrdU)-induced apoptosis in prostate cancer cells. METHODS Caspase activity was evaluated by Western blot analysis of the cleavage of retinoblastoma (Rb) protein, a caspase substrate during TG-induced death of prostate cancer cells. In addition, hydrolysis of caspase-specific fluorescent peptide substrates was assayed in lysates from TG-treated cells. Clonogenic survival assays were performed following treatment of rat AT3 and human TSU-Pr1 prostate cancer cell lines with TG and 5-FrdU in the presence and absence of peptide caspase inhibitors. AT3.1 cells transfected with the crmA gene, encoding a viral protein with caspase-inhibitory activity, were also tested for clonogenic survival following TG and 5-FrdU exposure. RESULTS During treatment with TG, Rb is first dephosphorylated and then proteolytically cleaved into 100-kDa and 40-kDa forms, indicative of caspase activity. A 6-8-fold increase in class II (i.e., caspases 3, 7, and 10) hydrolysis of the caspase substrate Z-DEVD-AFC was observed after 24 hr of TG or 5-FrdU. AT3 cells expressing crmA (i.e., an inhibitor of caspases 1, 4, and 8) were not protected from apoptosis induced by TG or 5-FrdU. The caspase inhibitors Z-DEVD-fmk (i.e., an inhibitor of caspases 3, 7, and 10) and Z-VAD-fmk (i.e., a general caspase inhibitor) were also unable to protect TSU and AT3 cells from apoptosis induced by TG or 5-FrdU. CONCLUSIONS Caspase activation may play a role in the downstream effector phase of the apoptotic cascade; however, in this study, caspase inhibition did not prevent the signaling phase of apoptosis induced by two agents with distinct mechanisms of cytotoxicity, TG or 5-FrdU. These results suggest that caspase inhibition by recently described endogenous caspase inhibitors should not lead to development of resistance to TG. A strategy for targeting TG's unique cytotoxicity to metastatic prostate cancer cells is currently under development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Denmeade
- Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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Margulies C, Siqueira ES, Silverman WB, Lin XS, Martin JA, Rabinovitz M, Slivka A. The effect of endoscopic sphincterotomy on acute and chronic complications of biliary endoprostheses. Gastrointest Endosc 1999; 49:716-9. [PMID: 10343215 DOI: 10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endoscopically placed biliary stents have become routine therapy for bile duct obstruction and bile leaks. Controversy exists regarding the use of biliary sphincterotomy to facilitate placement of 10F plastic stents. METHODS We retrospectively studied the effect of sphincterotomy on acute and chronic complications of 10F stent therapy. Data for acute complications, 30-day mortality and stent migration were obtained for 130 patients undergoing placement of a single 10F plastic biliary stent. For 109 patients in whom prolonged stent therapy was undertaken, the occurrence of and time to stent dysfunction were also analyzed. Sphincterotomy was performed in 48 cases (36.9%) based on physician preference. RESULTS There were no failures in stent placement. The incidence of acute complications was higher in patients undergoing sphincterotomy (8.3% vs. 1.2%, p = 0.04). Stent migration was more common in the no sphincterotomy group versus the sphincterotomy group (8.5% vs. 0, p = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Sphincterotomy is not necessary for placement of 10F plastic stents and increases acute procedural morbidity. Interestingly, a higher incidence of stent migration was seen in patients who did not undergo biliary sphincterotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Margulies
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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12
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Abstract
BACKGROUND More than 95% of metastatic androgen independent prostatic cancer cells per day are in a proliferatively quiescent G0 state [Berges et al.: Clin Cancer Res 1:473-480, 1995] limiting their responsiveness to anti-proliferative chemotherapeutic agents. Novel therapeutics capable of activating the programmed (apoptotic) death pathway in these cells without requiring entrance into the proliferative cell cycle are urgently needed. Thapsigargin (TG) treatment of rapidly growing androgen independent prostatic cancer cells arrests such cells in G0 and induces their programmed death. This raises not only the issue of the mechanism for such growth arrest, but also whether this programmed death is simply a response of rapidly growing cells to growth arrest making cytotoxicity still dependent upon the initial rate of cell proliferation. METHODS To resolve the mechanism of TG induced growth arrest, rat AT3.1 prostatic cancer cells were analyzed for RNA and protein expression of the growth arrest gene, gadd153, intracellular free Ca2+ levels (Cai), and cell cycle distribution on exposure to TG alone and in combination with Ca2+ chelation induced by BAPTA-AM or BAPTA-AM/EGTA. To resolve whether growth arrest is required for TG cytotoxicity, primary cultures of proliferatively quiescent, human prostatic cancer cells were exposed to TG. RESULTS Co-treatment of androgen independent AT-3 rat prostatic cancer cells with the Cai chelator BAPTA plus TG prevented growth arrest, as monitored by DNA flow cytometry, and failure to induce mRNA and protein for gadd153, demonstrating that growth arrest is due to Cai elevation, not depletion of intracellular Ca2+ pools. In addition, proliferatively quiescent G0 primary cultures of human prostatic cancer cells were resistant to anti-proliferative agents, but could be induced to undergo programmed death by TG as documented by morphological criteria and 14C-labeled DNA fragmentation assays. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that TG with its ability to elevate Cai induces proliferating prostate cancer cells to growth arrest. Such Cai dependent growth arrest is not required, however, since TG can induce the programmed death of proliferatively quiescent G0 prostatic cancer cells without requiring either growth arrest or progression through the proliferative cell cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- X S Lin
- Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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13
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Abstract
Cells possess within their epigenetic repertoire the ability to undergo an active process of cellular suicide termed programmed (or apoptotic) cell death. This programmed cell death process involves an epigenetic reprogramming of the cell that results in an energy-dependent cascade of biochemical and morphologic changes (also termed apoptosis) within the cell, resulting in its death and elimination. Although the final steps (i.e., DNA and cellular fragmentation) are common to cells undergoing programmed cell death, the activation of this death process is initiated either by sufficient injury to the cell induced by various exogenous damaging agents (e.g., radiation, chemicals, viruses) or by changes in the levels of a series of endogenous signals (e.g., hormones and growth/survival factors). Within the prostate, androgens are capable of both stimulating proliferation as well as inhibiting the rate of the glandular epithelial cell death. Androgen withdrawal triggers the programmed cell death pathway in both normal prostate glandular epithelia and androgen-dependent prostate cancer cells. Androgen-independent prostate cancer cells do not initiate the programmed cell death pathway upon androgen ablation; however, they do retain the cellular machinery necessary to activate the programmed cell death cascade when sufficiently damaged by exogenous agents. In the normal prostate epithelium, cell proliferation is balanced by a equal rate of programmed cell death, such that neither involution nor overgrowth normal occurs. In prostatic cancer, however, this balance is lost, such that there is greater proliferation than death producing continuous net growth. Thus, an imbalance in programmed cell death must occur during prostatic cancer progression. The goal of effective therapy for prostatic cancer, therefore, is to correct this imbalance. Unfortunately, this has not been achieved and metastatic prostatic cancer is still a lethal disease for which no curative therapy is currently available. In order to develop such effective therapy, an understanding of the programmed death pathway, and what controls it, is critical. Thus, a review of the present state of knowledge concerning programmed cell death of normal and malignant prostatic cells will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Denmeade
- Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21231-1001, USA
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14
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Furuya Y, Lin XS, Walsh JC, Nelson WG, Isaacs JT. Androgen ablation-induced programmed death of prostatic glandular cells does not involve recruitment into a defective cell cycle or p53 induction. Endocrinology 1995; 136:1898-906. [PMID: 7720636 DOI: 10.1210/endo.136.5.7720636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Proliferating cells characteristically undergo programmed (i.e. apoptotic) death if their progression through the cell cycle is sufficiently perturbed. To determine whether androgen ablation-induced programmed death of prostatic glandular cells involves apoptosis triggered by recruitment of nonproliferating cells into a perturbed cell cycle, rat ventral prostates were assessed temporally after castration for several stereotypical molecular stigmata of entry into the proliferative cell cycle. Northern blot analysis was used to assess levels of transcripts from genes characteristically activated 1) during the transition from quiescence (G(0)) into G1 of the proliferative cell cycle (cyclin-D1 and cyclin-C), 2) during the transition from G1 to S (cyclin-E, cdk2, thymidine kinase, and H4-histone), and 3) during progression through S (cyclin-A). Although levels of each of these transcripts increased as expected in prostatic glandular epithelial cells stimulated to proliferate by the administration of exogenous androgen to previously castrated rats, levels of the same transcripts decreased in prostatic glandular cells induced to undergo apoptosis after androgen withdrawal. Northern and Western blot analyses also demonstrated that there was no increase in prostatic p53 messenger RNA or protein content per cell after androgen ablation. Likewise, after castration, there was no enhanced prostatic expression of the WAF1/CIP1 gene, a gene whose expression is known to be induced in both a p53-dependent and -independent manner during recruitment from G0 into G1. In addition, androgen ablation-induced apoptosis of prostatic glandular cells was not accompanied by retinoblastoma protein phosphorylation, which is characteristic of progression into late G1. Nuclear run-on assays demonstrated that there was no increase in the prostatic rate of transcription of the c-myc and c-fos genes after castration. These results demonstrate that prostatic glandular cells undergo programmed death in G(0) without recruitment into the G1 phase of a defective cell cycle, and that an increase in p53 protein or its function is not involved in this death process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Furuya
- Johns Hopkins Oncology Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
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15
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Lin XS. [Cardiac transplantation and its monitoring]. Zhonghua Hu Li Za Zhi 1992; 27:554-6. [PMID: 1302663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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16
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Lin XS. [The expression and significance of blood group antigens (BGA) A, B, H, Le(a) and Le(b) in hepatocellular carcinoma and chronic hepatitis]. Zhonghua Bing Li Xue Za Zhi 1992; 21:24-6. [PMID: 1319847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Five monoclonal antibodies which selectively recognize A, B, H, Le(a) and Le(b) BGA had been used for immunohistochemical examination of serial sections collected from 40 cases of hepatocellular carcinomas, 63 cases of chronic hepatitis, 10 cases each of fetal and normal adult liver. All of the cases had been followed-up except the autopsy cases. The results were as follows: in fetal and normal adult liver tissues, none of the liver BGA were detected in the parenchymal liver cells. Five BGA were expressed in 11 hepatitic cases (17%) and also expressed in 19 hepatocellular carcinomas (48%). Combining the expression of BGA with the follow-up results, the study we have performed indicates that the expression of BGA in chronic hepatitis predicts cancerous change or severe liver cell damage associated with poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X S Lin
- Cancer Research Laboratory, PLA General Hospital, Beijing
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17
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Kanatani A, Masuda T, Shimoda T, Misoka F, Lin XS, Yoshimoto T, Tsuru D. Protease II from Escherichia coli: sequencing and expression of the enzyme gene and characterization of the expressed enzyme. J Biochem 1991; 110:315-20. [PMID: 1769955 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a123577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Protease II gene of Escherichia coli HB101 was cloned and expressed in E. coli JM83. The transformant harboring a hybrid plasmid, pPROII-12, with a 2.4 kbp fragment showed 90-fold higher enzyme activity than the host. The whole nucleotide sequence of the inserted fragment of plasmid pPROII-12 was clarified by the dideoxy chain-terminating method. The sequence that encoded the mature enzyme protein was found to start at an ATG codon, as judged by comparison with amino terminal protein sequencing. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 81,858 from the nucleotide sequence. The reactive serine residue of protease II was identified as Ser-532 with tritium DFP. The sequence around the serine residue is coincident with the common sequence of Gly-X-Ser-X-Gly, which has been found in the active site of serine proteases. Except for this region, protease II showed no significant sequence homology with E. coli serine proteases, protease IV and protease La (lon gene), or other known families of serine proteases. However, 25.3% homology was observed between protease II and prolyl endopeptidase from porcine brain. Although the substrate specificities of these two enzymes are quite different, it seems possible to classify protease II as a member of the prolyl endopeptidase family from the structural point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kanatani
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University
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18
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Yoshimoto T, Higashi H, Kanatani A, Lin XS, Nagai H, Oyama H, Kurazono K, Tsuru D. Cloning and sequencing of the 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase gene from Escherichia coli HB101 and characterization of the expressed enzyme. J Bacteriol 1991; 173:2173-9. [PMID: 2007545 PMCID: PMC207764 DOI: 10.1128/jb.173.7.2173-2179.1991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The 7 alpha-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.159) gene from Escherichia coli HB101 was cloned and expressed in E. coli DH1. The hybrid plasmid pSD1, with a 2.8-kbp insert of chromosomal DNA at the BamHI site of pBR322, was subcloned into pUC19 to construct plasmid pSD3. The entire nucleotide sequence of an inserted PstI-BamHI fragment of plasmid pSD3 was determined by the dideoxy chain-termination method. Within this sequence, the mature enzyme protein-encoding sequence was found to start at a GTG initiation codon and to comprise 765 bp, as judged by comparison with the protein sequence. The deduced amino acid sequence of the enzyme indicated that the molecular weight is 26,778. The transformant of E. coli DH1 harboring pSD3 with a 1.8-kbp fragment showed about 200-fold-higher enzyme activity than the host. The enzyme was purified by a single chromatography step on DEAE-Toyopearl and obtained as crystals, with an activity yield of 39%. The purified enzyme was homogeneous, as judged by sodium dodecyl sulfate gel electrophoresis. The enzyme was most active at pH 8.5 and stable between pH 8 and 9. The enzyme was NAD+ dependent and had a pI of 4.3. The molecular mass was estimated to be 120 kDa by the gel filtration method and 28 kDa by electrophoresis, indicating that the enzyme exists in a tetrameric form.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Yoshimoto
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Japan
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19
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McCaughey WT, Schryer MJ, Lin XS, Al-Jabi M. Extraovarian pelvic serous tumor with marked calcification. Arch Pathol Lab Med 1986; 110:78-80. [PMID: 3753576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
We report two cases of low-grade extraovarian pelvic serous tumor. Each contained large numbers of psammoma bodies. The tumors belong to the small group of serous carcinomas that arise from the peritoneum. In both cases the tumor permeated the myometrial lymphatic vessels extensively. One patient is well eight years after surgery.
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20
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Abstract
Residual tumor at the esophageal stump was found in 103, or 14.3%, of a series of 719 resected esophageal specimens for carcinoma. The residual tumor pathologically presented as basal epithelial-cell carcinomatous change in 16 (15.5%), carcinoma in situ in 26 (25.5%), invasive carcinoma in 51 (49.5%), and cancerous emboli in 6 (5.8%) cases. A follow-up study of the 719 patients showed that the long-term survival rate of those with residual tumor was significantly lower than that of those without. Factors of occurrence besides inadequate resection were analyzed, and indications of surgical treatment were recommended. The presence of residual tumor is not an important factor in the development of anastomotic leakage.
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Affiliation(s)
- X S Lin
- Beijing Heart, Lung, and Blood Vessel Medical Center, People's Republic of China
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21
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Chen BT, Lin XS, Wu YK. [Perforated mediastinal teratoma]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1986; 24:18-9, 62. [PMID: 3720440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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22
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Lin XS, Wu X, Chen BT. [Significance of residual tumors at the esophageal stump after resection for carcinoma]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 1985; 23:30-2, 63. [PMID: 3979204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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23
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Lin XS. [Long-term results of surgical treatment of esophageal carcinoma]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 1983; 5:303-4. [PMID: 6653351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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24
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Wu YK, Huang GJ, Shao LF, Zhang YD, Lin XS. Honored guest's address: progress in the study and surgical treatment of cancer of the esophagus in China, 1940--1980. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1982; 84:325-33. [PMID: 7050542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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