1
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Butt MS, Shaker K, Asghar MA, Abbas A, Nawab Y, Rasul S. Shaping sustainable pathways: Enhancing mechanical properties of biocomposite through tannic acid treatment of flax fabrics. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131393. [PMID: 38582476 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 03/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/08/2024]
Abstract
Biocomposites developed using natural fibers serve as a sustainable alternative to synthetic composite materials. However, narrowing the performance gap between synthetic composites and biocomposites requires serious efforts. A promising approach is the modification of natural fibers using various chemical treatments. This paper investigates the potential of tannic acid (TA) treatment as a sustainable approach to enhance mechanical performance and reduce moisture absorption of flax fabric-reinforced biocomposites. The methodology involves the treatment of flax woven fabric with tannic acid, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound, followed by the fabrication of biocomposite using a green epoxy matrix. The variables studied during treatment are TA concentration and processing time. Characterization of untreated and treated flax fabric and its composites was done using various analytical techniques such as FTIR spectroscopy, moisture absorption and mechanical testing (tensile strength, flexural strength, and impact resistance). FTIR spectroscopy of TA-treated flax confirmed attachment of aromatic rings and carbon double bond formation, thus serving for properties enhancement. The mechanical characterization of composites showed that properties are enhanced up to an optimum limit of concentration and processing time i.e., 1 % concentration and 30 min of processing. Moisture absorption of the TA-treated composite also reduced significantly as compared to untreated composites. These findings contribute towards the advancement in sustainable biocomposites and pave the way for their utilization in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Shoaib Butt
- Department of Materials, School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan; National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khubab Shaker
- Department of Materials, School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan; National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Ayub Asghar
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Adeel Abbas
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Shahid Rasul
- Faculty of Engineering and Environment, Northumbria University, Tyne NE1 8ST, United Kingdom
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2
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Alvi MH, Maqsood H, Iftikhar F, Akhtar S, Khan MQ, Nawab Y, Kim IS. Fabrication of Multifunctional Tents Using Canvas Fabric. ACS Omega 2024; 9:17706-17725. [PMID: 38680368 PMCID: PMC11044260 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c09249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Herein, this study was compiled to investigate a suitable solution for the fabrication and development of the multifunctional defense tent from previously reported research. The military always needs to protect their soldiers and equipment from detection. The advancement of infrared detection technology emphasizes the significance of infrared camouflage materials, reducing thermal emissions for various applications. Objects emit infrared radiation detectable by devices, making military targets easily identifiable. Infrared camouflage mitigates detection by lowering an object's infrared radiation, achieved by methods such as reducing surface temperature, which is crucial in designing military tents with infrared (IR) camouflage, considering water repellency and antibacterial features. Water repellency, as well as antimicrobial properties, in army tents is also important as they have to survive in different situations. All these problems should be addressed with the required properties; therefore, the authors try to introduce a new method from which multifunctional tents can be produced through economical, multifunctional, and sustainable materials that have IR protection, water repellency, ultraviolet (UV) protection, air filtration and permeability, and antimicrobial properties. There is still no tent that performs multiple functions at a time, even those functions that do not correlate with each other such as water repellency, IR protection, antimicrobial, and air permeability. So, a multifunctional tent could be the solution to all these problems having all the properties discussed above. In this study based on the literature review, authors concluded a method for the required tent for canvas fabric coated with zinc sulfide (ZnS), graphene oxide (GO), and zinc oxide (ZnO), or these materials should be incorporated in fiber formation because fiber composition has more impact. These multifunctional tents will be very beneficial due to their multifunctions like weather resistance, durability, and long life. These would help the army in their missions by concealing their soldiers and equipment from detection by cameras and providing filtered air inside the tent in case of gases or explosions. The proposed method will help to fulfill the stated and implied needs of customers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad
Abbas Haider Alvi
- Department of Textile Engineering,
School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Hira Maqsood
- Department of Textile Engineering,
School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Iftikhar
- Department of Textile Engineering,
School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Akhtar
- Department of Clothing, School of Engineering
& Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qamar Khan
- Department of Textile Engineering,
School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- Department of Textile Engineering,
School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Ick Soo Kim
- Division of Frontier Fiber, Institute
of Fiber Engineering, Interdisciplinary Cluster for Cutting Edge Research
(ICCER), Faculty of Textile Sciences, Shinshu
University, Nagano 386-8567, Japan
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3
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Arshad N, Batool SR, Razzaq S, Arshad M, Rasheed A, Ashraf M, Nawab Y, Nazeer MA. Recent advancements in polyurethane-based membranes for gas separation. Environ Res 2024; 252:118953. [PMID: 38636643 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024]
Abstract
Gas separation membranes are critical in a variety of environmental research and industrial applications. These membranes are designed to selectively allow some gases to flow while blocking others, allowing for the separation and purification of gases for a variety of applications. Therefore, the demand for fast and energy-efficient gas separation techniques is of central interest for many chemical and energy production diligences due to the intensified levels of greenhouse and industrial gases. This encourages the researchers to innovate techniques for capturing and separating these gases, including membrane separation techniques. Polymeric membranes play a significant role in gas separations by capturing gases from the fuel combustion process, purifying chemical raw material used for plastic production, and isolating pure and noncombustible gases. Polyurethane-based membrane technology offers an excellent knack for gas separation applications and has also been considered more energy-efficient than conventional phase change separation methodologies. This review article reveals a thorough delineation of the current developments and efforts made for PU membranes. It further explains its uses for the separation of valuable gases such as carbon dioxide (CO2), hydrogen (H2), nitrogen (N2), methane (CH4), or a mixture of gases from a variety of gas spillages. Polyurethane (PU) is an excellent choice of material and a leading candidate for producing gas-separating membranes because of its outstanding chemical chemistry, good mechanical abilities, higher permeability, and variable microstructure. The presence of PU improves several characteristics of gas-separating membranes. Selectivity and separation efficiency of PU-centered membranes are enhanced through modifications such as blending with other polymers, use of nanoparticles (silica, metal oxides, alumina, zeolite), and interpenetrating polymer networks (IPNs) formation. This manuscript critically analyzes the various gas transport methods and selection criteria for the fabrication of PU membranes. It also covers the challenges facing the development of PU-membrane-based separation procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noureen Arshad
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; Liberty Mills Limited, Karachi, 75700, Pakistan.
| | - Syeda Rubab Batool
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Razzaq
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Mubeen Arshad
- Department of Prosthodontics, Baqai Medical University, Karachi, 74600, Pakistan
| | - Abher Rasheed
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Munir Ashraf
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; Functional Textile Research Group, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; National Center for Composite Materials, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Anwaar Nazeer
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan; Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering Research Laboratory, National Textile University, Faisalabad, 37610, Pakistan.
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4
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Ahmad F, Nosheen A, Atiq MS, Mushtaq B, Ahmad S, Azam F, Rasheed A, Nawab Y. An eco-friendly hydroentangled cotton non-woven membrane with alginate hydrogel for water filtration. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 256:128422. [PMID: 38013075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Alginate hydrogel is highly efficient for water filtration due to its anti-fouling nature and formation of strong hydration membranes. However, poor mechanical properties of alginate hydrogel membrane limit its installation in water treatment. There is a need to enhance mechanical properties of alginate hydrogel membranes using eco-friendly, cost-effective materials and technologies. In this work, hydroentangled non-woven from cotton waste (comber noil) fibers was prepared. This non-woven was immersed in solution of sodium alginate (0.5 %, 1 %, 1.5 %) followed by dipping in calcium chloride solution which resulted in gel formation on and into cotton fibers. The successful formation of gel on non-woven fabric was confirmed through FTIR (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy) and properties of this composite membrane were analyzed by SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), XRD (X-ray diffraction), DSC (Differential scanning calorimeter), water contact, water flux, oil-water filtration, air permeability, tensile strength, and porosity tests. The results showed that porosity of prepared hydrogel membranes decreased with increasing alginate concentration from 0.5 % to 1.5 % which resulted in decreased water permeation flux from 2655 h-1/m2 to 475 h-1/m2. The prepared membrane has separation efficiencies for the oil-water mixture in the range of 97.5 % to 99.5 %. Moreover, the developed samples also showed significant antibacterial activity as well as improved mechanical properties. The strength of the prepared membrane is in the range of 40 N to 80 N. The developed sodium alginate hydrogel-based non-woven membrane could have potential applications for commercial water filtration systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ahmad
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Anum Nosheen
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Sohaib Atiq
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Mushtaq
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmad
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
| | - Farooq Azam
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Abher Rasheed
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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5
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Mushtaq B, Ahmad F, Nawab Y, Ahmad S. Optimization of the novel jute retting process to enhance the fiber quality for textile applications. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21513. [PMID: 37964854 PMCID: PMC10641231 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study introduces an innovative chemical retting approach, systematically optimized via Grey relational analysis, to achieve jute fibers that exhibit desirable characteristics of softness, high tensile strength, and suitability for spinning, with a particular focus on their application in the apparel industry. In this study, the effect of alkali treatment (alkali concentration, temperature and duration of retting) on jute fiber's chemical composition and mechanical characteristics was investigated. Jute fibers were treated at three concentrations (5 %, 10 %, 15 %) of alkali, at three different temperature (30 °C, 60 °C, & 90 °C) and for three different retting duration (12 h, 24 h, & 36 h). The surface morphology and crystallinity of fibers were analyzed using optical microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The fiber linear density and mechanical characteristics were also tested. The multi-response optimization of all the factors and the responses was investigated using the Grey relational analysis. The results showed that the fiber surface morphology and crystallinity increase with an increase in alkali concentration, retting time, and temperature. Chemical retting treatment also improved the fiber linear density and tensile strength. The finest fibers which were obtained in this research had a linear density of 2.18 Tex with a tenacity of 53.02 cN/tex and elongation of 4.54 %. The spinnable jute fibers were achieved after this treatment with excellent characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bushra Mushtaq
- School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, 37610, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Faheem Ahmad
- School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, 37610, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, 37610, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmad
- School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, 37610, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Shaker K, Adnan M, Nawab Y, Umair M, Jabbar M, Siddique A, Ahmad A. Mechanical Performance of Glass/Epoxy Composites Loaded with Silane-Treated Aluminum Hydroxide Fillers. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3514. [PMID: 37688139 PMCID: PMC10490084 DOI: 10.3390/polym15173514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of silane-treated aluminum hydroxide on the mechanical performance of flame-retardant composites. These composites have potential applications for luggage bags, as a replacement for conventional plastics, offering more durability and lighter weight. Glass fabric was used as the reinforcement, while epoxy was used as the matrix material. To impart flame retardancy, aluminum hydroxide nanoparticles were used as fillers in different weight % age (5%, 10% and 15%). As these are inorganic particles and have compatibility issues with the matrix material, silane-coupling agents (Dynasylan® 6490 and Dynasylan Glymo) were used to treat these filler particles. Both the silane-coupling agents fraction used for treatment and the fillers fraction added to the composites were varied to determine the most optimum combination. The mechanical properties of the developed composites such as tensile, flexural, and short beam shear strength were investigated. The best results were exhibited by 10% aluminum hydroxide fillers treated with 1% (by weight) coupling agent (Dynasylan Glymo).
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Affiliation(s)
- Khubab Shaker
- Department of Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
| | - Yasir Nawab
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
| | - Muhammad Umair
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Madeha Jabbar
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Amna Siddique
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
- Department of Textile Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Ahmad
- Department of Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan (Y.N.)
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7
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Arfa U, Alshareef M, Nadeem N, Javid A, Nawab Y, Alshammari KF, Zubair U. Sunlight-Driven Photocatalytic Active Fabrics through Immobilization of Functionalized Doped Titania Nanoparticles. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:2775. [PMID: 37447421 DOI: 10.3390/polym15132775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent washing of textiles poses a serious hazard to the ecosystem, owing to the discharge of harmful effluents and the release of microfibers. On one side, the harmful effluents from detergents are endangering marine biota, while on the other end, microplastics are observed even in breastfeeding milk. This work proposes the development of sunlight-driven cleaning and antibacterial comfort fabrics by immobilizing functionalized Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles. The research was implemented to limit the use of various detergents and chemicals for stain removal. A facile sol-gel method has opted for the fabrication of pristine and Zn-doped TiO2 nanoparticles at three different mole percentages of Zn. The nanoparticles were successfully functionalized and immobilized on cotton fabric using silane coupling agents via pad-dry-cure treatment. As-obtained fabrics were characterized by their surface morphologies, availability of chemical functionalities, and crystallinity. The sunlight-assisted degradation potential of as-functionalized fabrics was evaluated against selected pollutants (eight commercial dyes). The 95-98% degradation of dyes from the functionalized fabric surface was achieved within 3 h of sunlight exposure, estimated by color strength analysis with an equivalent exposition of bactericidal activities. The treated fabrics also preserved their comfort and mechanical properties. The radical trapping experiment was performed to confirm the key radicals responsible for dye degradation, and h+ ions were found to be the most influencing species. The reaction pathway followed the first order kinetic model with rate constant values of 0.0087 min-1 and 0.0131 min-1 for MB and MO dyes, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ume Arfa
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Mubark Alshareef
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Science, Umm Al Qura University, Makkah 24230, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nimra Nadeem
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Amjed Javid
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Khaled F Alshammari
- Department of Criminal Justice and Forensics, King Fahad Security College, Riyadh 11461, Saudi Arabia
| | - Usman Zubair
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
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8
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Nasreen A, Bangash MK, Shaker K, Nawab Y. Effect of Surface Treatment on Stiffness and Damping Behavior of Metal-Metal and Composite-Metal Adhesive Joints. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:435. [PMID: 36679316 PMCID: PMC9863789 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In aerospace and automotive applications, composite materials are used as a major structural material along with metals. Composite-metal and metal-metal joining are very crucial in such structures. Adhesive bonding is commonly used for this purpose. Since such structures are exposed to varying temperatures and dynamic loads, it is essential to investigate the response of such joints under thermomechanical loading. Though various studies have been reported in the literature to assess the thermomechanical properties of composites, adhesives, and their joints, the effect of the surface treatment of metals and composites on the improvement in the thermomechanical behavior of the joints has not been reported. The metal and composite surfaces were modified using chemical etching techniques. The interaction between adhesives and adherends was studied using the DTMA technique in compression mode. Anodizing treatment on aluminum alloys improved the stiffness properties of metallic joints to 36% and decreased the damping to 23%, while chemical treatment on composite and metal adherends increased the stiffness of composite-metal joints to 34% and reduced the energy dissipation to 20%.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yasir Nawab
- National Center for Composite Materials, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
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Anas MS, Awais H, Ali Hamdani ST, Shaker K, Azam Z, Nawab Y. Investigating the Thermo-Physiological Comfort Properties of Weft-Knitted Smart Structures Having a Negative Poisson’s Ratio. Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2022; 2022:1-14. [DOI: 10.1155/2022/1896634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Smart auxetic structures are gaining attention in various areas such as architecture, clothing (sports and protective), civil, and medical applications owing to their negative Poisson’s ratio. Compared to ordinary structures, these structures have better properties (shear resistance, formability, energy absorbance, and robust fracture strength). Auxetic structures show the exceptional property of becoming wider in one direction when stretched from another direction. In this research, three different auxetic weft-knitted structures were fabricated using nylon, polyester, acrylic, and cotton yarns on a Shima Seiki flat-knitting machine. The physical properties, negative Poisson’s ratio, and thermo-physiological comfort properties of these fabrics were checked. Negative Poisson’s ratio strain curves of the developed fabrics were plotted; all fabrics, except for nylon, show the negative Poisson’s ratio (NPR). The NPR decreases with increased strain in the longitudinal direction, and polyester exhibits a maximum value of NPR −0.4 in line structure at 30 mm extension. Results also revealed that structures made with nylon and polyester yarns exhibit a better value of air permeability than acrylic and cotton, while acrylic provides the best thermal resistance values than other materials in line structure and polyester yarn shows better overall moisture management capacity (OMMC) performance in zigzag structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Sohaib Anas
- School of Engineering & Technology, Department of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Habib Awais
- School of Engineering & Technology, Department of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Syed Talha Ali Hamdani
- School of Engineering & Technology, Department of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Khubab Shaker
- School of Engineering & Technology, Department of Materials, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Azam
- School of Engineering & Technology, Department of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- School of Engineering & Technology, Department of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan
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10
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Nazir MU, Shaker K, Nawab Y, Hamdani STA, Abdullah HM, Umair M. Thermo-physiological Comfort of Woven Fabrics Made from Different Cellulosic Yarns. Journal of Natural Fibers 2022; 19:4050-4062. [DOI: 10.1080/15440478.2020.1852997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umar Nazir
- Department of Weaving, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khubab Shaker
- Department of Weaving, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- Department of Weaving, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Talha Ali Hamdani
- Department of Weaving, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Weaving, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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11
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Gao X, Umair M, Nawab Y, Latif Z, Ahmad S, Siddique A, Yang H. Mode I Fatigue of Fibre Reinforced Polymeric Composites: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:4558. [PMID: 36365551 PMCID: PMC9659105 DOI: 10.3390/polym14214558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Composites are macroscopic combinations of chemically dissimilar materials preferred for new high-tech applications where mechanical performance is an area of interest. Mechanical apprehensions chiefly include tensile, creep, and fatigue loadings; each loading comprises different modes. Fatigue is cyclic loading correlated with stress amplitude and the number of cycles while defining the performance of a material. Composite materials are subject to various modes of fatigue loading during service life. Such loadings cause micro invisible to severe visible damage affecting the material's performance. Mode I fatigue crack propagates via opening lamina governing a visible tear. Recently, there has been an increasing concern about finding new ways to reduce delamination failure, a life-reducing aspect of composites. This review focuses on mode I fatigue behaviours of various preforms and factors determining failures considering different reinforcements with respect to fibres and matrix failures. Numerical modelling methods for life prediction of composites while subjected to fatigue loading are reviewed. Testing techniques used to verify the fatigue performance of composite under mode I load are also given. Approaches for composites' life enhancement against mode I fatigue loading have also been summarized, which could aid in developing a well-rounded understanding of mode I fatigue behaviours of composites and thus help engineers to design composites with higher interlaminar strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhong Gao
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Advanced Textile Composite Materials, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Zeeshan Latif
- Department of Textile Engineering, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmad
- Department of Textile Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Amna Siddique
- Department of Textile Technology, School of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Hongyue Yang
- School of Textile Science and Engineering, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Xi’an 710048, China
- Key Laboratory of Functional Textile Material and Product, Xi’an Polytechnic University, Ministry of Education, Xi’an 710048, China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Advanced Textile Composite Materials, Tiangong University, Tianjin 300387, China
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12
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Azam Z, Jamshaid H, Nawab Y, Mishra R, Muller M, Choteborsky R, Kolar V, Tichy M, Petru M. Influence of inlay yarn type and stacking sequence on mechanical performance of knitted uni-directional thermoplastic composite prepregs. Journal of Industrial Textiles 2022; 51:4973S-5008S. [DOI: 10.1177/1528083720947727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to develop and investigate mechanical properties of knitted unidirectional thermoplastic composite prepregs. Knitted prepregs were fabricated by using thermoplastic yarns (high density polyethylene and polypropylene) and high performance yarns (kevlar, basalt and carbon) in double jersey inlay structure. This is a new approach to combine the reinforcing fiber with resin forming thermoplastic fiber during the knitting operation. The structures were stacked further in three stacking sequences at different angles (0/0/0/0, 0/90/0/90, 0/90/90/0), and hot compression was used to convert them into composite prepregs by melting the thermoplastic component. Mechanical properties e.g. tensile strength and modulus, flexural strength, flexural modulus, impact energy absorbed etc. were investigated in detail. Full factorial experimental design was used in order to study the effect of main yarn, inlay yarn and direction of stacking/plying on mechanical properties of composites. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was conducted by Minitab 17 software to estimate the significance of testing direction (T), type of inlay yarn (I), type of main yarn (M) and stacking sequence (S) on mechanical properties. Overall highest tensile and flexural strengths were observed for Carbon fiber based samples followed by Kevlar and Basalt respectively. Theoretical estimation of elastic modulus shows similar trend as the experimental results. The inter-laminar shear strength is maximum when the fiber orientation changes in each layer. Type of main yarn and inlay yarn have significant contribution on impact related properties. Depending upon type of material, these composites can be used in aerospace, automotive, civil and sports goods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeeshan Azam
- Faculty of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Hafsa Jamshaid
- Faculty of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
- Protective textile Research group, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- Faculty of Textile Engineering, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Rajesh Mishra
- Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Miroslav Muller
- Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | - Viktor Kolar
- Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Tichy
- Faculty of Engineering, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Petru
- Institute for Nanomaterials, Advanced Technology and Innovation, Technical University of Liberec, Liberec, Czech Republic
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13
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Umair M, Hamdani STA, Hussain M, Nawab Y. Mechanical performance of 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites with novel weaving patterns. Journal of Industrial Textiles 2022; 51:5794S-5821S. [DOI: 10.1177/1528083720948025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Green composites have ecofriendly features that are technically and economically feasible while minimizing the pollution. It refers to the combination of degradable fibers mostly cellulosic materials and natural resins to develop green composites. Since mechanical performance of such structures is a concern for industry, by playing with the position and pattern of yarns in woven fabric, these properties can be optimized. This research focuses on the development and characterization of novel 3D woven jute/green epoxy composites having hybrid interlocking patterns. Four conventional derivatives of 3D woven fabrics i.e. orthogonal layer to layer (OLL), orthogonal through thickness (OTT), angle interlock layer to layer (ALL), angle interlock through thickness (ATT) and three novel 3D woven fabrics i.e. H1 (combination of OTT and ATT binder yarns), H2 (combination of OTT and ALL binder yarns), H3 (combination of orthogonal layer to layer warp and weft interlock called as bi-directional interlock) were developed using different binding patterns on dobby loom. Tensile, flexural, and short beam shear tests were performed to check the mechanical performance of the developed composites. OTT composite structure showed the highest values of tensile strength, modulus, and maximum force both in warp and weft directions as compared to the other 3D interlock structures, due to least interlacement/crimp of binder yarn. While ATT composite exhibited the highest value of flexural strength and modulus both in warp and weft directions due to through thickness angle binder yarns. H3 composite showed the highest values of force and short beam shear strength in warp direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- Textile Composite Materials Research Group, National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Talha Ali Hamdani
- Textile Composite Materials Research Group, National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muzzamal Hussain
- Textile Composite Materials Research Group, National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- Textile Composite Materials Research Group, National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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14
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Ilyas RA, Zuhri MYM, Aisyah HA, Asyraf MRM, Hassan SA, Zainudin ES, Sapuan SM, Sharma S, Bangar SP, Jumaidin R, Nawab Y, Faudzi AAM, Abral H, Asrofi M, Syafri E, Sari NH. Natural Fiber-Reinforced Polylactic Acid, Polylactic Acid Blends and Their Composites for Advanced Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:202. [PMID: 35012228 PMCID: PMC8747475 DOI: 10.3390/polym14010202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Polylactic acid (PLA) is a thermoplastic polymer produced from lactic acid that has been chiefly utilized in biodegradable material and as a composite matrix material. PLA is a prominent biomaterial that is widely used to replace traditional petrochemical-based polymers in various applications owing environmental concerns. Green composites have gained greater attention as ecological consciousness has grown since they have the potential to be more appealing than conventional petroleum-based composites, which are toxic and nonbiodegradable. PLA-based composites with natural fiber have been extensively utilized in a variety of applications, from packaging to medicine, due to their biodegradable, recyclable, high mechanical strength, low toxicity, good barrier properties, friendly processing, and excellent characteristics. A summary of natural fibers, green composites, and PLA, along with their respective properties, classification, functionality, and different processing methods, are discussed to discover the natural fiber-reinforced PLA composite material development for a wide range of applications. This work also emphasizes the research and properties of PLA-based green composites, PLA blend composites, and PLA hybrid composites over the past few years. PLA's potential as a strong material in engineering applications areas is addressed. This review also covers issues, challenges, opportunities, and perspectives in developing and characterizing PLA-based green composites.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - M. Y. M. Zuhri
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (H.A.A.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - H. A. Aisyah
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (H.A.A.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Institute of Energy Infrastructure, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia;
| | - S. A. Hassan
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - E. S. Zainudin
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (H.A.A.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia; (H.A.A.); (E.S.Z.); (S.M.S.)
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
| | - S. Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Punjab 144603, India;
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University Centre for Research and Development and Chandigarh Universiti, Pubjab 140413, India
| | - S. P. Bangar
- Department of Food, Nutrition and Packaging Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29631, USA;
| | - R. Jumaidin
- Fakulti Teknologi Kejuruteraan Mekanikal dan Pembuatan, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka, Jalan Hang Tuah Jaya, Durian Tunggal, Melaka 76100, Malaysia;
| | - Y. Nawab
- Textile Composite Materials Research Group, National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan;
| | - A. A. M. Faudzi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia;
| | - H. Abral
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Andalas University, Padang 25163, Indonesia;
| | - M. Asrofi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Jember, Kampus Tegalboto, Jember 68121, Indonesia;
| | - E. Syafri
- Department of Agricultural Technology, Agricultural Polytechnic, Payakumbuh 26271, Indonesia;
| | - N. H. Sari
- Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Mataram, Mataram 83115, Indonesia;
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15
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Ahmad F, Mushtaq B, Butt FA, Zafar MS, Ahmad S, Afzal A, Nawab Y, Rasheed A, Ulker Z. Synthesis and Characterization of Nonwoven Cotton-Reinforced Cellulose Hydrogel for Wound Dressings. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:4098. [PMID: 34883602 PMCID: PMC8658904 DOI: 10.3390/polym13234098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels wound dressings have enormous advantages due to their ability to absorb high wound exudate, capacity to load drugs, and provide quick pain relief. The use of hydrogels as wound dressings in their original form is a considerable challenge, as these are difficult to apply on wounds without support. Therefore, the incorporation of polymeric hydrogels with a certain substrate is an emerging field of interest. The present study fabricated cellulose hydrogel using the sol-gel technique and reinforced it with nonwoven cotton for sustainable wound dressing application. The nonwoven cotton was immersed inside the prepared solution of cellulose and heated at 50 °C for 2 h to form cellulose hydrogel-nonwoven cotton composites and characterized for a range of properties. In addition, the prepared hydrogel composite was also loaded with titania particles to attain antibacterial properties. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy confirmed the formation of cellulose hydrogel layers inside the nonwoven cotton structure. The fabricated composite hydrogels showed good moisture management and air permeability, which are essential for comfortable wound healing. The wound exudate testing revealed that the fluid absorptive capacity of cellulose hydrogel nonwoven cotton composite was improved significantly in comparison to pure nonwoven cotton. The results reveal the successful hydrogel formation, having excellent absorbing, antimicrobial, and sustainable properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faheem Ahmad
- School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; (F.A.); (B.M.); (A.A.); (Y.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Bushra Mushtaq
- School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; (F.A.); (B.M.); (A.A.); (Y.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Faaz Ahmed Butt
- Materials Engineering Department, NED University of Engineering and Technology, Karachi 75270, Pakistan; or
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | - Sheraz Ahmad
- School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; (F.A.); (B.M.); (A.A.); (Y.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Ali Afzal
- School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; (F.A.); (B.M.); (A.A.); (Y.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Yasir Nawab
- School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; (F.A.); (B.M.); (A.A.); (Y.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Abher Rasheed
- School of Engineering & Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad 37610, Pakistan; (F.A.); (B.M.); (A.A.); (Y.N.); (A.R.)
| | - Zeynep Ulker
- School of Pharmacy, Altinbas University, Istanbul 34147, Turkey;
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Ahmed HI, Umair M, Nawab Y, Hamdani STA. Development of 3D auxetic structures using para-aramid and ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene yarns. The Journal of The Textile Institute 2021; 112:1417-1427. [DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2020.1819007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Iftekhar Ahmed
- Department of Weaving, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair
- Department of Weaving, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- Department of Weaving, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Talha Ali Hamdani
- Department of Weaving, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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17
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Jabbar A, Ahmad A, Adnan M, Nawab Y, Javed Z, Irfan M. Cover Image, Volume 138, Issue 25. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Umair M, Hamdani STA, Nawab Y, Asghar MA, Hussain T. Compression and recovery behavior of three-dimensional woven spacer composites. Journal of Industrial Textiles 2021; 51:93-109. [DOI: 10.1177/1528083719874477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional woven spacer composites have great potential for use in different parts of automobiles and construction application due to their better mechanical performance. In literature, time-dependent compression and recovery behavior of three-dimensional woven spacer composites was not studied. In this study, three-dimensional woven spacer composites (three thickness levels) were evaluated under static and dynamic (time-dependent) compression and recovery. The static compressive strength of composites was reduced with the increase in sample thickness. Also, the highest amount of energy was absorbed during the fracture of 4 mm (Comp4) thick composite, followed by 10 mm (Comp10) and 20 mm (Comp20) thick composites. Compressibility (%) and resiliency (%) was highest in Comp4 but recovery (%) was a bit lower as compared to the Comp10 and Comp20, while recovery (%) was highest in 10 mm thick composite as compared to the 4 mm and 20 mm thick samples. Moreover, higher value of permanent deformation in thickness with time was observed in Comp20 showing higher creep followed by Comp4 and Comp10. Furthermore, Comp4 showed the highest values of work done during cyclic compression loading–unloading testing, presenting highest toughness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Umair
- National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Weaving Department, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Syed Talha Ali Hamdani
- National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Weaving Department, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Weaving Department, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ayub Asghar
- National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Weaving Department, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Tanveer Hussain
- National Center for Composite Materials, Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Weaving Department, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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19
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Ghauri HN, Ijaz M, Ahmed A, Muhammad Naveed MUA, Nawab Y, Javed MU, Ghaffar A. MOLECULAR INVESTIGATION AND PHYLOGENETIC ANALYSIS OF ANAPLASMOSIS IN DOGS. J Parasitol 2021; 107:295-303. [PMID: 33844841 DOI: 10.1645/20-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Anaplasmosis is a widespread vector-borne disease affecting dogs, and Anaplasma platys is the major etiological agent of the disease. The study examines anaplasmosis molecular prevalence, related risk factors, and alteration of hematological variables in Anaplasma-affected dogs. A total of 150 blood samples were collected from dogs in the district of Lahore, Pakistan. The samples were screened with PCR targeting the 16S rRNA gene of Anaplasma. Sequencing of samples that were found positive after performing PCR was conducted. A questionnaire was developed to collect epidemiological data on subject dogs, and the information was analyzed with a logistic regression model using SPSS. The current study revealed an 11.34% (17/150) prevalence of anaplasmosis in dogs based on PCR detection. Tick infestation, previous tick history, house hygiene, and tick control status were major risk factors linked with disease occurrence. Red blood cell count, packed cell volume, hemoglobin, and platelet count were decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in Anaplasma-infected dogs. Phylogenetically, the 2 isolates of the current study clustered together, and that cluster was very similar to A. platys isolates from India, Malaysia, and Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hammad Nayyar Ghauri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Arslan Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | | | - Yasir Nawab
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Javed
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ghaffar
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
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20
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Zubair K, Ashraf A, Gulzar H, Shakir MF, Nawab Y, Rehan ZA, Rashid IA. Study of mechanical, electrical and EMI shielding properties of polymer-based nanocomposites incorporating polyaniline coated graphene nanoparticles. Nano Ex 2021. [DOI: 10.1088/2632-959x/abe843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding characteristics of PVC based nanocomposites were studied when reinforced with newly developed Thermally Reduced Graphene Oxide (TRGO) coated with Polyaniline (PANI) nanoparticles. Various techniques were utilized to characterize prepared nanocomposite films like Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), direct current (DC) conductivity measurement, impedance analyses, and EMI shielding. EMI shielding was measured in three different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum like the Microwave region (0.1 GHz to 20 GHz), Near InfraRed (NIR), and Ultraviolet region (UV). The coating of PANI over TRGO provides compatibility of nanoparticles with a polymer matrix that leads to enhanced dispersion. EMI shielding was found to be 104 dB for 40 wt% filler content, because of the formation of a mature and dense interconnected network structure of filler. UV and NIR transmittance was also studied and less than 0.5% transmission in the whole UV (200 nm 400 nm) and NIR (700 nm 2500 nm) region was observed.
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21
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Jabbar A, Ahmad A, Adnan M, Nawab Y, Javed Z, Irfan M. Enhanced interlaminar shear and impact performance of woven carbon/epoxy composites interleaved with needle punched high performance polyethylene fiber nonwoven. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Jabbar
- School of Engineering and Technology National Textile University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Ahsan Ahmad
- School of Engineering and Technology National Textile University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- School of Engineering and Technology National Textile University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- School of Engineering and Technology National Textile University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Zafar Javed
- School of Arts and Design National Textile University Faisalabad Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Irfan
- School of Engineering and Technology National Textile University Faisalabad Pakistan
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22
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Shaker K, Umair M, Hamdani STA, Nawab Y. Effect of Fabric Structure on the Performance of 3D Woven Pressure Sensor. Fibers Polym 2021; 22:847-853. [DOI: 10.1007/s12221-021-0371-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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23
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Iftekhar H, Ullah Khan RMW, Nawab Y, Hamdani STA, Panchal S. Numerical Analysis of Binding Yarn Float Length for 3D Auxetic Structures. Phys Status Solidi B 2020; 257:2000440. [DOI: 10.1002/pssb.202000440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2020] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Iftekhar
- Department of Weaving National Textile University Sheikhupura Road Faisalabad 37610 Pakistan
| | | | - Yasir Nawab
- Department of Weaving National Textile University Sheikhupura Road Faisalabad 37610 Pakistan
| | - Syed Talha Ali Hamdani
- Department of Weaving National Textile University Sheikhupura Road Faisalabad 37610 Pakistan
| | - Satyam Panchal
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering University of Waterloo 200 University Avenue West Waterloo ON N2L 3G1 Canada
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24
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Shakir MF, Tariq A, Rehan ZA, Nawab Y, Abdul Rashid I, Afzal A, Hamid U, Raza F, Zubair K, Rizwan MS, Riaz S, Sultan A, Muttaqi M. Effect of Nickel-spinal-Ferrites on EMI shielding properties of polystyrene/polyaniline blend. SN Appl Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-020-2535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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25
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Ahmed A, Ijaz M, Ayyub RM, Ghaffar A, Ghauri HN, Aziz MU, Ali S, Altaf M, Awais M, Naveed M, Nawab Y, Javed MU. Balantidium coli in domestic animals: An emerging protozoan pathogen of zoonotic significance. Acta Trop 2020; 203:105298. [PMID: 31837314 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.105298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Balantidium coli (B. coli) is an emerging ciliated protozoan parasite of zoonotic importance which causes a disease balantidiasis in a variety of host species including pigs, camels, ruminants, equines and even human. This disease has a cosmopolitan distribution with high prevalence rates in tropical and sub-tropical areas of the world due to favorable geo-climatic conditions for the development and survival of the parasite in these regions. Main reservoir hosts for this pathogen are pigs and animals; acquire infection mainly by the ingestion of the food or water contaminated with the porcine feces. The infected animal manifests clinical signs of anorexia, dehydration, profuse watery diarrhea and retarded growth. Wet mount slide prepared from intestinal scrapings and fecal material is used for the identification of trophozoites and cysts stages of this parasite. PCR can also be used to confirm the parasite. Secnidazole, oxytetracycline and metronidazole have varying efficacy against B. coli infection in various domestic animal species. There is no comprehensive literature available on the occurrence and distribution of the infection at international level. Therefore, the published data between 1989 and 2019 regarding this disease is critically analyzed to provide a detailed overview on this pathogen with special emphasis on geographical distribution of B. coli in domestic animals and different therapeutic agents used to treat this infection. This review will pinpoint the endemic regions which may be a source of potential disease outbreaks and will also help in application of more effectual control strategies against balantidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arslan Ahmed
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ijaz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan.
| | - Rana Muhammad Ayyub
- Department of Economics and Business Management, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Awais Ghaffar
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Nayyar Ghauri
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umair Aziz
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Sadaqat Ali
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Altaf
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Awais
- Department of Parasitology, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Naveed
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Yasir Nawab
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Umar Javed
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of veterinary and animal sciences, Lahore 54600, Pakistan
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Ijaz M, Ahmed A, Aziz MU, Naveed M, Javed MU, Nawab Y, Ghumman NZ, Ghaffar A. Prevalence and Associated Risk Factors of Bovine Babesiosis in Lahore, Pakistan. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.47278/journal.abr/2020.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Umair M, Hamdani STA, Nawab Y, Asghar MA, Hussain T, Saouab A. Effect of Pile Height on the Mechanical Properties of 3D Woven Spacer Composites. Fibers Polym 2019; 20:1258-1265. [DOI: 10.1007/s12221-019-8761-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Kashif M, Hamdani STA, Nawab Y, Asghar MA, Umair M, Shaker K. Optimization of 3D woven preform for improved mechanical performance. Journal of Industrial Textiles 2019; 48:1206-1227. [DOI: 10.1177/1528083718760802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
For structural design applications, through-thickness characteristics of reinforcement played a vital role, which is why 3D woven preforms are recommended for such applications. These characteristics are mainly dependent on the fiber and yarn positioning in reinforcement. Although research has been conducted for characterizing woven composites, special attention has not been made on weave pattern parameter which directly affects the mechanical performance of composites. In this research work, 3D orthogonal layer to layer and through thickness woven structures with different interlocking patterns have been thoroughly studied for their mechanical properties, thickness, air permeability and areal density. Natural fibers when used with biodegradable matrix find use in structural, as well as low to medium impact applications for automobiles. Jute yarn was used to produce four-layered 3D woven structures, as synthetic fibers will not give a biodegradable composite part. The focus of this study is to optimize weave pattern, which is robust in design, degradable preforms and easy to reproduce. The main objective of this research focused on the effectiveness of weaving patterns on physical and mechanical properties as well as to optimize the weave pattern for optimum performance. Grey relational analysis was used for the optimization of the robust weave pattern. The results showed that hybrid structures can be useful for improving the properties of the orthogonal layer to layer and through thickness woven structures. It was also noted that weft-way 3D woven structures can provide comparable mechanical properties with warp-way 3D woven structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif
- Department of Textile Engineering, Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Balochistan, Pakistan
| | | | - Yasir Nawab
- Weaving Department, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Umair
- Weaving Department, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Khubab Shaker
- Weaving Department, National Textile University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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Nasreen A, Umair M, Shaker K, Hamdani STA, Nawab Y. Development and characterization of three-dimensional woven fabric for ultra violet protection. IJCST 2018; 30:536-547. [DOI: 10.1108/ijcst-02-2018-0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Purpose
The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effect of materials, three dimensional (3D) structure and number of fabric layers on ultraviolet protection factor (UPF), air permeability and thickness of fabrics.
Design/methodology/approach
Total 24 fabrics samples were developed using two 3D structures and two weft materials. In warp direction cotton (CT) yarn and in weft direction polypropylene (PP) and polyester (PET) were used. Air permeability, thickness and UPF testings were performed and relationship among fabric layers, air permeability, thickness and UPF was developed.
Findings
UPF and thickness of fabrics increases with number of fabric layers, whereas air permeability decreases with the increase in number of fabric layers. Furthermore, change of multilayer structure from angle interlock to orthogonal interlock having same base weave does not give significant effect on UPF. However, change of material from polyester (PET) to polypropylene (PP) has a dominant effect on UPF. Minimum of three layers of cotton/polyester fabric, without any aid of ultraviolet radiation (UV) resistant coating, are required to achieve good. Cotton/polyester fabrics are more appropriate for outdoor application due to their long-term resistance with sunlight exposure.
Originality/value
Long-term exposure to UV is detrimental. So, there is need of proper selection of material and fabric to achieve ultraviolet protection. 3D fabrics have yarns in X, Y as well as in Z directions which provide better ultraviolet protection as compared to two dimensional (2D) fabrics. In literature, mostly work was done on ultraviolet protection of 2D fabrics and surface coating of fabrics. There is limited work found on UPF of 3D woven fabrics.
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Nawab A, Nawab Y, Tang S, Wu J, Liu W, Li G, Xiao M, An L. A Pictorial Guidebook on Poultry Diseases; Diagnostic Techniques and their Effective Treatment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.18488/journal.ar.2018.52.34.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Nawab Y, Hamdani STA, Shaker K. Structural Textile Design. 2017. [DOI: 10.1201/9781315390406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Liaqat M, Samad HA, Hamdani STA, Nawab Y. The development of novel auxetic woven structure for impact applications. The Journal of The Textile Institute 2016:1-7. [DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2016.1239330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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Maqsood M, Nawab Y, Hamdani STA, Shaker K, Umair M, Ashraf W. Modeling the effect of weave structure and fabric thread density on the barrier effectiveness of woven surgical gowns. The Journal of The Textile Institute 2016; 107:873-878. [DOI: 10.1080/00405000.2015.1070027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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