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Suhail M, Chiu IH, Lai YR, Khan A, Al-Sowayan NS, Ullah H, Wu PC. Xanthan-Gum/Pluronic-F-127-Based-Drug-Loaded Polymeric Hydrogels Synthesized by Free Radical Polymerization Technique for Management of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Gels 2023; 9:640. [PMID: 37623095 PMCID: PMC10453617 DOI: 10.3390/gels9080640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Smart and intelligent xanthan gum/pluronic F-127 hydrogels were fabricated for the controlled delivery of atomoxetine HCl. Different parameters such as DSC, TGA, FTIR, XRD, SEM, drug loading, porosity, swelling index, drug release, and kinetics modeling were appraised for the prepared matrices of hydrogels. FTIR confirmed the successful synthesis of the hydrogel, while TGA and DSC analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the reagents was improved after the polymerization technique. SEM revealed the hard surface of the hydrogel, while XRD indicated a reduction in crystallinity of the reagents. High gel fraction was achieved with high incorporated contents of the polymers and the monomer. An increase in porosity, drug loading, swelling, and drug release was observed with the increase in the concentrations of xanthan gum and acrylic acid, whereas Pluronic F-127 showed the opposite effect. A negligible swelling index was shown at pH 1.2 and 4.6 while greater swelling was observed at pH 7.4, indicating a pH-responsive nature of the designed hydrogels. Furthermore, a higher drug release was found at pH 7.4 compared to pH 1.2 and 4.6, respectively. The first kinetics order was followed by the prepared hydrogel formulations. Thus, it is signified from the discussion that smart xanthan gum/pluronic F-127 hydrogels have the potential to control the release of the atomoxetine HCl in the colon for an extended period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Suhail
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (I.-H.C.); (H.U.)
| | - I-Hui Chiu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (I.-H.C.); (H.U.)
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (I.-H.C.); (H.U.)
| | - Arshad Khan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Khawaja Fareed Campus (Railway Road), The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Punjab 63100, Pakistan;
| | | | - Hamid Ullah
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (I.-H.C.); (H.U.)
| | - Pao-Chu Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, 100 Shih-Chuan 1st Road, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (I.-H.C.); (H.U.)
- Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
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2
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Li C, Yang GH, Liu LJ, Chen YH, Zhou XM, Lai YR, Liu RR. [Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in Hb Mizuho of unstable hemoglobinopathy: a case report]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2023; 44:524. [PMID: 37550215 PMCID: PMC10450552 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2023.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 08/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Li
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - G H Yang
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - L J Liu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Y H Chen
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - X M Zhou
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - Y R Lai
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
| | - R R Liu
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530000, China
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3
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Lai YR, Chang YF, Ma J, Chiu CH, Kuo ML, Lai CH. From DNA Damage to Cancer Progression: Potential Effects of Cytolethal Distending Toxin. Front Immunol 2021; 12:760451. [PMID: 34868002 PMCID: PMC8634426 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.760451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), one of the most important genotoxins, is produced by several gram-negative bacteria and is involved in bacterial pathogenesis. Recent studies have shown that bacteria producing this peculiar genotoxin target host DNA, which potentially contributes to development of cancer. In this review, we highlighted the recent studies focusing on the idea that CDT leads to DNA damage, and the cells with inappropriately repaired DNA continue cycling, resulting in cancer development. Understanding the detailed mechanisms of genotoxins that cause DNA damage might be useful for targeting potential markers that drive cancer progression and help to discover new therapeutic strategies to prevent diseases caused by pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Fang Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jason Ma
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Ling Kuo
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Division of Allergy, Asthma, and Rheumatology, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan.,Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.,Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Li HP, Huang CY, Lui KW, Chao YK, Yeh CN, Lee LY, Huang Y, Lin TL, Kuo YC, Huang MY, Lai YR, Yeh YM, Fan HC, Lin AC, Hsieh JCH, Chang KP, Lin CY, Wang HM, Chang YS, Hsu CL. Combination of Epithelial Growth Factor Receptor Blockers and CDK4/6 Inhibitor for Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Treatment. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13122954. [PMID: 34204797 PMCID: PMC8231497 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13122954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Our findings indicated that the EGF-EGFR pathway was highly activated in very young patients with recurrent or metastatic NPC. High EGFR expression in patients with metastatic NPC resulted in poor clinical outcomes. To examine whether the EGFR pathway serves as a therapeutic target for NPC, NPC patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and NPC cell lines were treated with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) and a cell cycle blocker. Either EGFRi or cell cycle blocker treatment alone could reduce NPC cell growth and PDX tumor growth. Furthermore, combination treatment exerted an additive suppression effect on PDX tumor growth. This study provides promising evidence that EGFRi used in combination with a cell cycle blocker may be used to treat patients with NPC. Abstract Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) involves host genetics, environmental and viral factors. In clinical observations, patients of young and old ages were found to have higher recurrence and metastatic rates. Methods: Cytokine array was employed to screen druggable target(s). The candidate target(s) were confirmed through patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) and a new EBV-positive cell line, NPC-B13. Results: Overexpression of epithelial growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR) was detected in young patients than in older patients. The growth of NPC PDX tumors and cell lines was inhibited by EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi) cetuximab and afatinib when used separately or in combination with the cell cycle blocker palbociclib. Western blot analysis of these drug-treated PDXs demonstrated that the blockade of the EGF signaling pathway was associated with a decrease in the p-EGFR level and reduction in PDX tumor size. RNA sequencing results of PDX tumors elucidated that cell cycle-related pathways were suppressed in response to drug treatments. High EGFR expression (IHC score ≥ grade 3) was correlated with poor survival in metastatic patients (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Our results provide encouraging preliminary data related to the combination treatment of EGFRi and palbociclib in patients with NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pai Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Chen-Yang Huang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Kar-Wai Lui
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Yin-Kai Chao
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Liver Research Center, Department of General Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Li-Yu Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (L.-Y.L.); (Y.H.)
| | - Tung-Liang Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Yung-Chia Kuo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Mei-Yuan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
| | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- Genomic Medicine Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Hsien-Chi Fan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - An-Chi Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Jason Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Chien-Yu Lin
- Department of Radiation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (H.-P.L.); (M.-Y.H.); (Y.-R.L.); (Y.-S.C.)
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan; (C.-Y.H.); (T.-L.L.); (Y.-C.K.); (H.-C.F.); (A.-C.L.); (J.C.-H.H.); (H.-M.W.)
- School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +886-3-328-1200; Fax: +886-3-327-8211
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Chen YA, Lai YR, Wu HY, Lo YJ, Chang YF, Hung CL, Lin CJ, Lo UG, Lin H, Hsieh JT, Chiu CH, Lin YH, Lai CH. Bacterial Genotoxin-Coated Nanoparticles for Radiotherapy Sensitization in Prostate Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9020151. [PMID: 33557143 PMCID: PMC7913852 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9020151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men and usually becomes refractory because of recurrence and metastasis. CD44, a transmembrane glycoprotein, serves as a receptor for hyaluronic acid (HA). It has been found to be abundantly expressed in cancer stem cells (CSCs) that often exhibit a radioresistant phenotype. Cytolethal distending toxin (CDT), produced by Campylobacter jejuni, is a tripartite genotoxin composed of CdtA, CdtB, and CdtC subunits. Among the three, CdtB acts as a type I deoxyribonuclease (DNase I), which creates DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs). Nanoparticles loaded with antitumor drugs and specific ligands that recognize cancerous cell receptors are promising methods to overcome the therapeutic challenges. In this study, HA-decorated nanoparticle-encapsulated CdtB (HA-CdtB-NPs) were prepared and their targeted therapeutic activity in radioresistant PCa cells was evaluated. Our results showed that HA-CdtB-NPs sensitized radioresistant PCa cells by enhancing DSB and causing G2/M cell-cycle arrest, without affecting the normal prostate epithelial cells. HA-CdtB-NPs possess maximum target specificity and delivery efficiency of CdtB into the nucleus and enhance the effect of radiation in radioresistant PCa cells. These findings demonstrate that HA-CdtB-NPs exert target specificity accompanied with radiomimetic activity and can be developed as an effective strategy against radioresistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-An Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Hui-Yu Wu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yen-Ju Lo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Yu-Fang Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
| | - Chiu-Lien Hung
- Targeted Drug and Delivery Technology Division, Biomedical Technology and Device Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 30011, Taiwan;
| | - Chun-Jung Lin
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - U-Ging Lo
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
| | - Ho Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
| | - Jer-Tsong Hsieh
- Department of Urology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; (C.-J.L.); (U.-G.L.); (J.-T.H.)
- Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Yu-Hsin Lin
- Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Center for Advanced Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Research, Department and Institute of Pharmacology, Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 33302, Taiwan; (Y.-A.C.); (Y.-R.L.); (H.-Y.W.); (Y.-J.L.); (Y.-F.C.)
- Department of Medical Research, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou 33305, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (C.-H.C.); (Y.-H.L.); (C.-H.L.)
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Chen YW, Li SW, Lin CD, Huang MZ, Lin HJ, Chin CY, Lai YR, Chiu CH, Yang CY, Lai CH. Fine Particulate Matter Exposure Alters Pulmonary Microbiota Composition and Aggravates Pneumococcus-Induced Lung Pathogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 8:570484. [PMID: 33195201 PMCID: PMC7649221 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2020.570484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to fine particulate matter (PM) with aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 μm (PM2. 5) is closely correlated with respiratory diseases. Microbiota plays a key role in maintaining body homeostasis including regulation of host immune status and metabolism. As reported recently, PM2. 5 exposure causes microbiota dysbiosis and thus promotes disease progression. However, whether PM2. 5 alters pulmonary microbiota distribution and aggravates bacteria-induced pathogenesis remains unknown. In this study, we used mouse experimental models of PM2. 5 exposure combined with Streptococcus pneumonia infection. We characterized the airway microbiota of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) by sequencing the 16S rRNA V3-V4 amplicon on the Illumina MiSeq platform, followed by a combination of bioinformatics and statistical analyses. Shannon-diversity index, observed ASVs, and Fisher's diversity index indicated that microbiota richness was significantly decreased in the mice treated with either PM2. 5 or pneumococcus when compared with the control group. The genera Streptococcus, Prevotella, Leptotrichia, and Granulicatella were remarkably increased in mice exposed to PM2. 5 combined with pneumococcal infection as compared to mice with pneumococcal infection alone. Histopathological examination exhibited that a more pronounced inflammation was present in lungs of mice treated with PM2. 5 and pneumococcus than that in mouse groups exposed to either PM2. 5 or pneumococcal infection alone. Our results demonstrate that PM2. 5 alters the microbiota composition, thereby enhancing susceptibility to pneumococcal infection and exacerbating lung pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Wen Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shiao-Wen Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Der Lin
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Zi Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hwai-Jeng Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yin Chin
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Hsun Chiu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Yang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ho Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, China Medical University and Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Wu CS, Chang IYF, Hung JL, Liao WC, Lai YR, Chang KP, Li HP, Chang YS. ASC modulates HIF-1α stability and induces cell mobility in OSCC. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:721. [PMID: 32883954 PMCID: PMC7471912 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-02927-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
High-level expression of ASC (Apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD) leads to lymph node metastasis in OSCC, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we show that HIF-1α participates in ASC-induced metastasis. We identified 195 cell-motion-associated genes that were highly activated in ASC-overexpressed SAS_ASC cells; of them, 14 representative genes were found to be overexpressed in OSCC tissues in our previously reported RNA-seq dataset, OSCC-Taiwan. Nine of the 14 genes were also upregulated in OSCC-TCGA samples. Among the nine genes, RRAS2, PDGFA, and VEGFA, were correlated with poor overall survival of patients in OSCC-TCGA dataset. We further demonstrated that the promoters of these 14 ASC-induced genes contained binding motifs for the transcription-regulating factor, HIF-1α. We observed that ASC interacted with and stabilized HIF-1α in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus under normoxia. Molecules involved in the HIF-1α pathway, such as VHL and PHD2, showed no difference in their gene and protein levels in the presence or absence of ASC, but the expression of HIF-1α-OH, and the ubiquitination of HIF-1α were both decreased in SAS_ASC cells versus SAS_con cells. The migration and invasion activities of SAS_ASC cells were reduced when cells were treated with the HIF-1α synthesis inhibitor, digoxin. Taken together, our results demonstrate that the novel ASC-HIF-1α regulatory pathway contributes to lymph node metastasis in OSCC, potentially suggesting a new treatment strategy for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Sheng Wu
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 33305, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
| | - Ian Yi-Feng Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Lung Hung
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Chao Liao
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Nephrology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Lin-kou Medical Center, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Lin-Kou, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, 33305, Gueishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Pai Li
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Lin-Kou, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, 333, Taoyuan City, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, 333, Taoyuan City, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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8
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Zhang ZM, Lai YR, Li QC, Luo L, Liu RR, Shi LL, Liu LJ. [Clinical analysis of autoimmune hemolytic anemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in thalassemia major]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2019; 39:908-911. [PMID: 30486586 PMCID: PMC7342357 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2018.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
目的 探讨重型地中海贫血(地贫)患者异基因造血干细胞移植(allo-HSCT)后并发自身免疫性溶血性贫血(AIHA)诊断、治疗及转归,以提高地贫患者造血干细胞移植疗效。 方法 回顾性分析2007年7月至2017年12月共计291例行allo-HSCT重型地贫患者的临床资料。 结果 重型地贫allo-HSCT后AIHA发生率为1.72%(5/291);AIHA中位发生时间为移植后7(5~12)个月,5例移植后AIHA患者直接和间接Coombs试验均阳性,患者主要表现为头晕、乏力、面色苍白、皮肤巩膜黄染、酱油色尿。228例HLA相合同胞供者移植患者有1例(0.43%)移植后发生AIHA,而63例非亲缘供者移植患者有4例(6.36%)移植后发生AIHA。非亲缘供者移植患者AIHA发生率高于HLA相合同胞供者移植患者。1例患者单用泼尼松治疗死亡,4例患者采用甲泼尼龙联合利妥昔单抗治疗有效,目前生存良好,其中2例Coombs试验转阴。 结论 该组重型地贫患者allo-HSCT后AIHA发生率为1.72%,Coombs试验有助于诊断移植后AIHA,非亲缘供者移植病例移植后AIHA发生率高于HLA相合同胞供者移植组,利妥昔单抗联合糖皮质激素是治疗重型地贫allo-HSCT后AIHA的有效方法。
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Affiliation(s)
- Z M Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medial University, Nanning 530021, China
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Luo YC, Lai YR, Xia N, Yang PJ, Wen YM, Shen J, Liang YZ. [Research progress on metabolic endocrine diseases in patients with thalassemia]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2019; 58:154-157. [PMID: 30704205 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2019.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y C Luo
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
| | - Y R Lai
- Department of Hematology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - N Xia
- The Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region Health Commission, Nanning 530021, China
| | - P J Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Y M Wen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guangxi International Zhuang's Hospital, Nanning 530201, China
| | - J Shen
- Department of Endocrinology, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Y Z Liang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530007, China
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10
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Abstract
One-dimensional copper nanowires (CuNWs) are synthesized on a large-scale using a cetyltrimethylammonium chloride-assisted galvanic replacement reaction on aluminum substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsu Chang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering
- Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Republic of China
| | - Tung-Jung Lin
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering
- Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Republic of China
| | - Yu-Chuan Wu
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering
- Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Republic of China
| | - Sheng-Wei Fan
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering
- Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Han Lee
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering
- Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering
- Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Republic of China
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11
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Hsu CL, Lui KW, Chi LM, Kuo YC, Chao YK, Yeh CN, Lee LY, Huang Y, Lin TL, Huang MY, Lai YR, Yeh YM, Fan HC, Lin AC, Lu YJ, Hsieh CH, Chang KP, Tsang NM, Wang HM, Chang AY, Chang YS, Li HP. Integrated genomic analyses in PDX model reveal a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Palbociclib as a novel candidate drug for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:233. [PMID: 30236142 PMCID: PMC6149192 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0873-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumor model has become a new approach in identifying druggable tumor mutations, screening and evaluating personalized cancer drugs based on the mutated targets. Methods We established five nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) PDXs in mouse model. Subsequently, whole-exome sequencing (WES) and genomic mutation analyses were performed to search for genetic alterations for new drug targets. Potential drugs were applied in two NPC PDX mice model to assess their anti-cancer activities. RNA sequencing and transcriptomic analysis were performed in one NPC PDX mice to correlate with the efficacy of the anti-cancer drugs. Results A relative high incident rate of copy number variations (CNVs) of cell cycle-associated genes. Among the five NPC-PDXs, three had cyclin D1 (CCND1) amplification while four had cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor CDKN2A deletion. Furthermore, CCND1 overexpression was observed in > 90% FFPE clinical metastatic NPC tumors (87/91) and was associated with poor outcomes. CNV analysis disclosed that plasma CCND1/CDKN2A ratio is correlated with EBV DNA load in NPC patients’ plasma and could serve as a screening test to select potential CDK4/6 inhibitor treatment candidates. Based on our NPC PDX model and RNA sequencing, Palbociclib, a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor, proved to have anti-tumor effects by inducing G1 arrest. One NPC patient with liver metastatic was treated with Palbociclib, had stable disease response and a drop in Epstein Barr virus (EBV) EBV titer. Conclusions Our integrated information of sequencing-based genomic studies and tumor transcriptomes with drug treatment in NPC-PDX models provided guidelines for personalized precision treatments and revealed a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor Palbociclib as a novel candidate drug for NPC. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0873-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kar-Wai Lui
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Lang-Ming Chi
- Clinical Proteomics Core Laboratory, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yung-Chia Kuo
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yin-Kai Chao
- Division of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chun-Nan Yeh
- Department of General Surgery, Liver Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Li-Yu Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yenlin Huang
- Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Tung-Liang Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Mei-Yuan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Lin-Kou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Lin-Kou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Ming Yeh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsien-Chi Fan
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - An-Chi Lin
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yen-Jung Lu
- ACT Genomics, Co. Ltd., 1F., No.280, Xinhu 2nd Rd., Neihu Dist, Taipei City, 114, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Chia-Hsun Hsieh
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Ngan-Ming Tsang
- Department of Radiation, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hung-Ming Wang
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Alex Y Chang
- Johns Hopkins Singapore International Medical Centre, 11 Jalan Tan Tock Seng, Singapore City, 308433, Singapore
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Lin-Kou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, Republic of China.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Pai Li
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Lin-Kou, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Lin-Kou, Taoyuan, 333, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist, Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Hoang NX, Ferng S, Ting CH, Lu YC, Yeh YF, Lai YR, Yih-Yuan Chiou R, Hwang JY, Hsu CK. Effect of initial 5 days fermentation under low salt condition on the quality of soy sauce. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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13
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Li HP, Peng CC, Wu CC, Chen CH, Shih MJ, Huang MY, Lai YR, Chen YL, Chen TW, Tang P, Chang YS, Chang KP, Hsu CL. Inactivation of the tight junction gene CLDN11 by aberrant hypermethylation modulates tubulins polymerization and promotes cell migration in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2018; 37:102. [PMID: 29747653 PMCID: PMC5946489 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0754-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant hypermethylation of cellular genes is a common phenomenon to inactivate genes and promote tumorigenesis in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). METHODS Methyl binding domain (MBD)-ChIP sequencing of NPC cells, microarray data of NPC biopsies and gene ontology analysis were conducted to identify a potential tumor suppressor gene CLDN11 that was both hypermethylated and downregulated in NPC. Bisulfite sequencing, qRT-PCR, immunohistochemistry staining of the NPC clinical samples and addition of methylation inhibitor, 5'azacytidine, in NPC cells were performed to verify the correlation between DNA hypermethylation and expression of CLDN11. Promoter reporter and EMSA assays were used to dissect the DNA region responsible for transcription activator binding and to confirm whether DNA methylation could affect activator's binding, respectively. CLDN11 was transiently overexpressed in NPC cells followed by cell proliferation, migration, invasion assays to characterize its biological roles. Co-immunoprecipitation experiments and proteomic approach were carried out to identify novel interacting protein(s) and the binding domain of CLDN11. Anti-tumor activity of the CLDN11 was elucidated by in vitro functional assay. RESULTS A tight junction gene, CLDN11, was identified as differentially hypermethylated gene in NPC. High methylation percentage of CLDN11 promoter in paired NPC clinical samples was correlated with low mRNA expression level. Immunohistochemistry staining of NPC paired samples tissue array demonstrated that CLDN11 protein expression was relatively low in NPC tumors. Transcription activator GATA1 bound to CLDN11 promoter region - 62 to - 53 and its DNA binding activity was inhibited by DNA methylation. Re-expression of CLDN11 reduced cell migration and invasion abilities in NPC cells. By co-immunoprecipitation and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry LC-MS/MS, tubulin alpha-1b (TUBA1B) and beta-3 (TUBB3), were identified as the novel CLDN11-interacting proteins. CLDN11 interacted with these two tubulins through its intracellular loop and C-terminus. Furthermore, these domains were required for CLDN11-mediated cell migration inhibition. Treatment with a tubulin polymerization inhibitor, nocodazole, blocked NPC cell migration. CONCLUSIONS CLDN11 is a hypermethylated and downregulated gene in NPC. Through interacting with microtubules TUBA1B and TUBB3, CLDN11 blocks the polymerization of tubulins and cell migration activity. Thus, CLDN11 functions as a potential tumor suppressor gene and silencing of CLDN11 by DNA hypermethylation promotes NPC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pai Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan. .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan. .,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan. .,Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.
| | - Chen-Ching Peng
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Ching Wu
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Laboratory Science, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Hsun Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Jhe Shih
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Yuan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Li Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wen Chen
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Center, Medical School, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Petrus Tang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Bioinformatics Center, Medical School, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, No.259, Wenhua 1st Rd., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan.,Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Lung Hsu
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University, No.5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City, 333, Taiwan
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14
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Deng DH, Sun N, Long Y, Cheng P, Lai YR. [Changes of plasma TF and TFPI in 20 cases thalassemia patients before and after splenectomy]. Zhonghua Xue Ye Xue Za Zhi 2017; 38:337-339. [PMID: 28468098 PMCID: PMC7342725 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-2727.2017.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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15
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Lai YR, Lin PY, Chen CY, Huang CJ. Feasible Management of Southern Corn Leaf Blight via Induction of Systemic Resistance by Bacillus cereus C1L in Combination with Reduced Use of Dithiocarbamate Fungicides. Plant Pathol J 2016; 32:481-488. [PMID: 27721698 PMCID: PMC5051567 DOI: 10.5423/ppj.oa.02.2016.0044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Dithiocarbamate fungicides such as maneb and mancozeb are widely used nonsystemic protectant fungicides to control various plant fungal diseases. Dithiocarbamate fungicides should be frequently applied to achieve optimal efficacy of disease control and avoid either decline in effectiveness or wash-off from leaf surface. Dithiocarbamates are of low resistance risk but have the potential to cause human neurological diseases. The objective of this study was to develop a strategy to effectively control plant disease with reduced use of dithiocarbamtes. Southern corn leaf blight was the model pathosystem for the investigation. When corn plants were drench-treated with Bacillus cereus C1L, a rhizobacterium able to induce systemic resistance in corn plants against southern leaf blight, frequency of spraying dithiocarbamate fungicides could be decreased. The treatment of B. cereus C1L was able to protect maize from southern leaf blight while residues of dithiocarbamates on leaf surface were too low to provide sufficient protection. On the other hand, frequent sprays of mancozeb slightly but significantly reduced growth of corn plants under natural conditions. In contrast, application of B. cereus C1L can significantly promote growth of corn plants whether sprayed with mancozeb or not. Our results provide the information that plant disease can be well controlled by rhizobacteria-mediated induced systemic resistance in combination with reduced but appropriate application of dithiocarbamate fungicides just before a heavy infection period. An appropriate use of rhizobacteria can enhance plant growth and help plants overcome negative effects caused by dithiocarbamates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Pei-Yu Lin
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Chao-Ying Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan,
Republic of China
| | - Chien-Jui Huang
- Department of Plant Medicine, National Chiayi University, Chiayi 60004, Taiwan,
Republic of China
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Li HP, Huang HY, Lai YR, Huang JX, Chang KP, Hsueh C, Chang YS. Silencing of miRNA-148a by hypermethylation activates the integrin-mediated signaling pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Oncotarget 2015; 5:7610-24. [PMID: 25277193 PMCID: PMC4202148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a pivotal role in carcinogenesis by suppressing oncogenes or tumor suppressor genes. Various studies have identified numerous miRNAs and their diverse targets; however, the consequences of dysregulated miRNAs in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) remain unclear. For this study, we found that miR-148a is downregulated through hypermethylation in NPC biopsies and NPC cell lines compared with adjacent normal and NP cells respectively. Promoter assays demonstrated that upstream stimulatory factor 1 (USF1) is a crucial transcription factor that activates miR-148a promoter activity. EMSA assays confirmed that purified USF1 binds better toward the unmethylated than the methylated CG-containing USF1 consensus probe. The ectopic expression of miR-148a inhibits cell migration in NPC cells through the suppression of integrin-mediated signaling by targeting VAV2, WASL and ROCK1. Biochemical and functional assays provided supporting evidence that these 3 genes are the downstream targets of miR-148a in NPC cells. Furthermore, immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting analysis revealed that the 3 oncogenic targets of miR-148a were overexpressed in NPC biopsies, suggesting that the inactivation of miR-148a caused by DNA methylation promotes NPC progression. Overall, our findings revealed that miR-148a can act as tumor suppressor miRNA and serve as a biomarker as well as a therapeutic target for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Pai Li
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC). Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC). Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC). Contributed equally to this work
| | - Hsin-Yi Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC)
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC)
| | - Jing-Xuan Huang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC)
| | - Kai-Ping Chang
- Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Chuen Hsueh
- Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC). Pathology Core, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC). Department of Pathology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Lin-Kou, Taoyuan, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Sun Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC). Molecular Medicine Research Center, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC). Department of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan, Republic of China (ROC)
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Abstract
A straightforward galvanic displacement reaction was adopted to synthesize structurally novel rectangular Cu nanotubes. This 1D nanomaterial displayed excellent field emission properties and a favorable catalytic effect in the degradation of methylene blue in H2O2 solutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Hsu Chang
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering
- Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Republic of China
| | - Ya-Ting Hsu
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering
- Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Republic of China
| | - Yu-Heng Tsai
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering
- Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Republic of China
| | - Yi-Ru Lai
- Department of Materials and Mineral Resources Engineering
- Institute of Mineral Resources Engineering
- National Taipei University of Technology
- Taipei 10608
- Republic of China
| | - Ting-Kai Huang
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- Republic of China
| | - Hsin-Tien Chiu
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- National Chiao Tung University
- Hsinchu 300
- Republic of China
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18
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Bi J, Guo AL, Lai YR, Li B, Zhong JM, Wu HQ, Xie Z, He YL, Lv ZL, Lau SH, Wang Q, Huang XH, Zhang LJ, Wen JM, Guan XY. Overexpression of clusterin correlates with tumor progression, metastasis in gastric cancer: a study on tissue microarrays. Neoplasma 2010; 57:191-7. [PMID: 20353268 DOI: 10.4149/neo_2010_03_191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clusterin (CLU) is expressed in a wide variety of human tissues and fluids. Overexpression of cytoplasmic clusterin (sCLU) has been implicated in cancer development and progression. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the association of sCLU overexpression with clinicopathological features of human gastric carcinomas (GC).We constructed a gastric cancer tissue microarray containing 173 primary gastric carcinomas and 70 paired non-neoplastic mucosa specimens. The expression of sCLU was studied by immunohistochemistry. The correlations between sCLU expression and clinicopathological features, p53 abnormality, as well as Ki67 activation were analyzed. Overexpressions of sCLU was detected in 28.5% (n=165) of primary GCs by immunohistochemical staining, but not in non-neoplastic mucosa. Clinical association study found that overexpression of sCLU was significantly correlated with lymph-node metastasis (p < 0.001), tumor invasion (p < 0.001) and TNM stage (p < 0.001). In Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, overexpression of sCLU was significantly correlated with unfavorable survival in advanced GCs (p < 0.03). Furthermore, the association of sCLU with abnormal expression of p53 was ascertained. These results suggested that overexpression of sCLU was involved in the progression of GC and it's oncogenic function might be associated with p53 abnormality. Overexpression of sCLU seems to be related with patient's shorter survival in late stage GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bi
- Laboratory of Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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19
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Lim SC, Goh SK, Lai YR, Tee WW, Koh A, Xu XH, Wu YS, Yap E, Subramaniam T, Sum CF. Relationship between common functional polymorphisms of the p22phox gene (-930A > G and +242C > T) and nephropathy as a result of Type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. Diabet Med 2006; 23:1037-41. [PMID: 16922713 DOI: 10.1111/j.1464-5491.2006.01916.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genetic determinants are important in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Oxidative stress has also emerged as an important pathogenic factor in DN and vascular NADH oxidase is a major source of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous small studies reported a strong but contradictory association between functional genetic variation of p22(phox), an important subcomponent of NADH oxidase, and DN. We investigated the association between two common functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (-930 A > G and +242 C > T) and DN in a much larger group of Chinese patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Case-control study of Chinese subjects with long-standing T2DM (> 10 years). Cases (n = 306) were subjects with a spot urinary albumin : creatinine ratio (ACR) of > 113 mg/mmol or elevated serum creatinine. Control subjects (n = 306) had ACR < 3.3 mg/mmol and normal serum creatinine. Genotyping was carried out by standard PCR and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. RESULTS Gender distribution, age, duration of diabetes and HbA(1c) were similar in cases and control subjects. Distribution of genotypes in the control subjects for both SNPs was consistent with the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Distribution of genotypes did not differ significantly between cases and control subjects for both polymorphisms-+2424C > T: cases CC 84.6%, CT 15.0%, TT 0.4% and control subjects CC 87.6%, CT 11.8%, TT 0.6% (P = 0.45); -930 A > G: cases AA 40.5%, AG 41.8%, GG 17.7% and control subjects AA 38.2%, AG 49.0%, GG 12.8% (P = 0.12). Distribution of alleles was also similar-+2424 C > T: cases C 92.2%, T 7.8% and control subjects C 93.5%, T 6.5% (P = 0.66); -930 A > G cases A 61.4%, G 38.6% and control subjects A 62.7%, G 37.3% (P = 0.38). We estimated that our study has approximately 80% power to detect a relative risk of 1.65 (for +242 C > T) and 1.35 (for -930 A > G) conferred by the minor allele, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In contrast with previous small studies, our data suggest that these SNPs do not confer significantly increased susceptibility to DN secondary to T2DM in Chinese subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Lim
- Department of Medicine, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore.
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20
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Zhang YQ, Xu SB, Lin YC, Li Q, Zhang X, Lai YR. Antagonistic effects of 3 sesquiterpene lactones from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz on rat uterine contraction in vitro. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2000; 21:91-6. [PMID: 11263255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To study the effects of three sesquiterpene lactones: atractylenolide I (8,9-dehydroasterolide, B), 4,15-epoxy-8 beta-hydroxyasterolide (C), and atractylenolide III (8 beta-hydroasterolide, D) from Atractylodes macrocephala Koidz, on rat isolated uterus smooth muscle. METHODS Rat isolated uteri bathed in De Jalon I solution were used; acetylcholine (ACh), CaCl2, and oxytocin (Oxy) were used to evoke the contraction of uterus. RESULTS B, C, and D 28 or 56 mumol.L-1 inhibited the spontaneous movement of uterus, reducing their rest force, contractile force, and movement ability. B 28 or 56 mumol.L-1 also slowed down the frequency of uterus spontaneous contraction, but C or D did not. B, C, or D 28 and 56 mumol.L-1 inhibited the uterine spasm induced by Oxy and ACh. Likewise, Ver 0.28 mumol.L-1, B, C, and D 28 or 56 mumol.L-1 relieved the contraction mediated by CaCl2 in high-KCl solution, but B, C, or D had not marked influence on the maximal response of uterus to CaCl2. CONCLUSION B, C, and D inhibit the movement of uterus smooth muscle, and the mechanism is related to the inhibition of cholinergic system as well as Ca2+ movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Q Zhang
- Laboratory of Pharmacy & Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacy, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou 510275, China
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21
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Sugawara N, Ohta T, Lai YR, Sugawara C, Yuasa M, Nakamura M, Tamura M. Iron depletion prevents adenine nucleotide decomposition and an increase of xanthine oxidase activity in the liver of the Long Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat, an animal model of Wilson's disease. Life Sci 1999; 65:1423-31. [PMID: 10503961 DOI: 10.1016/s0024-3205(99)00378-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The Long Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat, which accumulates excess Cu in the liver as in patients with Wilson's disease, is a mutant strain displaying spontaneous hepatitis. It was reported that Fe, like Cu, increases in the liver and that the severity of hepatitis is modified by Fe in the diet. In this experiment, oxidative stress increased by Fe was investigated before the onset of hepatitis. To examine the effect of Fe on the progress into hepatitis, LEC female rats were fed an Fe-regular (Fe 214 microg/g; Fe(+) group) or an Fe-restricted (Fe 14 microg/g; Fe(-) group) diet from 53 days of age for 35 days. Fischer rats were also fed as control animals. Adenine nucleotide decomposition was determined as an index of oxidative stress based on xanthine oxidase activity. The size of the hepatic pool of adenine nucleotides (ATP+ADP+AMP) was significantly smaller in LEC rats than Fischer rats. The energy charge (ATP+0.5ADP)/(ATP+ADP+AMP) was smaller in Fe(+) groups than in Fe(-) groups. In the LEC rat liver, the Fe concentration in the Fe(+) group was 160% of that in Fe(-) group and the correlation coefficient between the hepatic Fe concentration and the energy charge was significant. In this strain, an increase of xanthine oxidase activity resulted in an increase of xanthine, an oxidized metabolite of hypoxanthine in the liver. The results suggest the involvement of the Fe in the progression into hepatitis in the LEC rat, even if the dietary Fe concentration is similar to that of commercial diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugawara
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
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22
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Sugawara N, Ikeda T, Lai YR, Sugawara C. The effect of subcutaneous tetrathiomolybdate administration on copper and iron metabolism, including their regional redistribution in the brain, in the Long-Evans Cinnamon rat, a bona fide animal model for Wilson's disease. Pharmacol Toxicol 1999; 84:211-7. [PMID: 10361977 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1999.tb01485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The present work was performed to examine the effect of tetrathiomolybdate on Cu and Fe metabolism, especially redistribution of Cu and Fe in the brains of Long-Evans Cinnamon rats, with inherently abnormal Cu deposition in the liver. The drug was injected subcutaneously at 5 mg/kg of body weight twice a week for 65 days (total dose of 20 mg) into 40-day-old Long-Evans Cinnamon rats. In Long-Evans Cinnamon rats treated with tetrathiomolybdate, the hepatic Cu concentration was 60 microg/g wet weight, compared to 170 microg/g in untreated rats. In seven brain regions (cerebellum, medulla oblongata, hypothalamus, striatum, midbrain, hippocampus and cortex) of the Long-Evans Cinnamon rats treated with tetrathiomolybdate. the Cu concentration (1.5 to 2.3 microg/g) was slightly lower (1.6 to 2.7 microg/g) than in untreated rats. A significant difference between the two groups was found only in the midbrain. Brain Fe concentrations in regions other than the striatum were not changed significantly by the tetrathiomolybdate injections. The hepatic Fe concentration was about 120 microg/g in Long-Evans Cinnamon rats without tetrathiomolybdate. Tetrathiomolybdate injection further increased the concentration to about 250 microg/g. Our results indicated that subcutaneous tetrathiomolybdate injection did not have an effect that stimulated redistribution of Cu and Fe in the seven brain regions examined, although hepatic Cu was markedly decreased and the removed Cu was deposited in kidneys, spleen and testes. The increased hepatic Fe level should be taken into account when considering side effects of the compound.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugawara
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Japan.
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23
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Sugawara N, Lai YR, Sugawara C. Therapeutic effects of tetrathiomolybdate on hepatic dysfunction occurring naturally in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats: a bona fide animal model for Wilson's disease. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol 1999; 103:177-87. [PMID: 10461684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats were fed a diet containing 7 ppm Cu and 30 ppm Cu from 60 days after birth. Fischer (Fischer group) and LEC (LEC-control group) rats fed a 7 ppm Cu diet showed normal growth throughout the whole period (60 to 125 days after birth). On the other hand, LEC rats fed the 30 ppm Cu diet had decreased body weight and showed slight jaundice at around 100 days after birth. Tetrathiomolybdate (TTM, 10 mg/kg bw) was injected sub-cutaneously at 101 and 105 days after birth into half of the LEC rats fed the 30 ppm Cu diet. LEC rats given TTM (LEC+TTM group) recovered their body weight and the jaundice rapidly disappeared. However, LEC rats without TTM (LEC-TTM group) had sharply decreased body weight and showed severe jaundice at 103 days after birth. The hepatic Cu concentration in LEC+TTM rats (460 micrograms/g) exceeded that of LEC-control rats (330 micrograms/g) at 125 days after birth. Our data suggest that TTM is effective for treatment of acute hepatic injury in the LEC rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugawara
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
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24
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Sugawara N, Lai YR, Sugaware C, Arizono K. Decreased hepatobiliary secretion of inorganic mercury, its deposition and toxicity in the Eisai hyperbilirubinemic rat with no hepatic canalicular organic anion transporter. Toxicology 1998; 126:23-31. [PMID: 9585089 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(97)00170-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Eisai hyperbilirubinemic (EHB) rats, a new mutant strain inbred from Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats, show no inherent expression of the canalicular multidrug resistance protein (cMrp) and lack canalicular multispecific organic anion transporter (cMOAT) activity. A sample of 203Hg (40 microCi with 40 microg Hg/kg) was injected intravenously (i.v.) into four male SD and EHB rats. Biliary excretion of reduced-glutathione (GSH) was 426 and 2 microg/bile for 15 min in the SD and EHB rats, respectively. Biliary excretion of 203Hg for 45 min in EHB rats significantly decreased to 1/4 of that of the SD rats. However, there was no difference in the hepatic uptake of 203Hg between the two strains. Other rats were injected subcutaneously (s.c.) with HgCl2 solution (at 0.2 and 1.6 mg/kg) containing 203Hg. Some 4 days after the injection of 0.2 mg/kg, about 3 and 13% of the total dose was found in the liver in SD and EHB rats, respectively. The hepatic supernatant Hg was recovered mainly in the void volume of a Sephadex column. Some 2 days after the injection of 1.6 mg/kg, these values were 3 and 23% in SD and EHB rats, respectively. The increased retention stimulated hepatic metallothionein (MT) induction and increased the proportion of Hg in the MT region on the Sephadex column. On the other hand, biliary excretion of 203Hg for 15 min in EHB rats was about 1/6-1/4 of that in SD rats. With the injection of 1.6 mg/kg, hepatic and renal functions worsened in EHB rats. In particular, severe necrosis was found in the renal tubules. Our results suggest that biliary secretion of inorganic Hg may be partly regulated by the ATP-dependent transport system, the glutathione S-conjugate export pump (GS-X pump) composed of Mrp and MOAT. Significantly decreased excretion stimulates hepatic retention of inorganic Hg. However, the hepatic lesions are less predictive. The MT induction may reduce the toxicity of metal to the liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugawara
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University, Japan.
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25
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Lai YR, Sugawara N. Outputs of hepatic copper and cadmium stimulated by tetrathiomolybdate (TTM) injection in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats pretreated with cadmium, and in Fischer rats pretreated with copper and cadmium. Toxicology 1997; 120:47-54. [PMID: 9160108 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-483x(97)03636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rat, an inbred mutant rat derived from the Long-Evans strain, is characterized by spontaneous hepatitis due to gross accumulation of hepatic Cu. The accumulation, accompanied by marked induction of metallothionein (MT), is believed to be due to the inherent lack of output of Cu into the bile duct and blood vessels. In this study, the acute effect of tetrathiomolybdate (TTM), a chelator for output of hepatic Cu and Cd in LEC rats treated with Cd, was investigated. Female LEC rats were injected subcutaneously with Cd (Cd; 1.0 mg/kg) to induce Cd, Cu-MT. Fischer rats were treated with Cd (Cd; 1.0 mg/kg) and Cu (Cu; 3.0 mg/kg). Forty-eight hours after the injections of metals, TTM (5 mg/kg bw) was injected intravenously under anesthesia. The TTM injection rapidly stimulated biliary excretions of Cu (at a microgram/ml level) and Cd (at a ng/ml level). Furthermore, Cu and Cd concentrations were increased in serum sampled 60 min after the TTM injection. The increase of biliary Cu excretion was not accompanied by increased biliary excretion of MT. The TTM injection caused the hepatic Cu concentrations to decrease from 306 +/- 2 to 262 +/- 12 and from 43 +/- 6 to 20 +/- 5 micrograms/g in LEC and Fischer rats, respectively. The hepatic Cd concentration was not decreased by TTM treatment. Hepatic MT and Cu, but not Cd, concentrations in the MT fraction were also reduced by TTM injection. Our results showed that TTM can rapidly remove Cu from MT to increase bile and blood Cu levels. The output of Cd stimulated by TTM injection may be related to MT reduction resulting from removal of MT-bound Cu. Our results indicate that to avoid the toxic effect of Cu, TTM injection is an effective initial treatment, although it remains to be established how metals, including Cu, are finally metabolized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Lai
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
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26
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Sugawara N, Lai YR, Arizono K, Kitajima T, Inoue H. Lack of biliary excretion of Cd linked to an inherent defect of the canalicular isoform of multidrug resistance protein (cMrp) does not abnormally stimulate accumulation of Cd in the Eisai hyperbilirubinemic (EHB) rat liver. Arch Toxicol 1997; 71:336-9. [PMID: 9137813 DOI: 10.1007/s002040050395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A new mutant, the Eisai hyperbilirubinemic (EHB) rat, shows no inherent expression of the canalicular isoform of the multidrug resistance protein (cMrp) in the liver. It has defective biliary secretion of organic anions such as bilirubin glucuronides, bromosulfophthalein (BSP), cysteinyl leukotrienes, glutathione (GSH) and bile acid sulfate and glucuronides. When rats were injected intravenously with CdCl2, biliary excretion of Cd over 30 min was 0.28% and 0.004% of the total dose in Sprague-Dawley (SD) and EHB rats, respectively. Six SD rats and five EHB rats were fed a diet containing Cd. Bile Cd was detected at the level of 2 ng/20 min in SD rats, but not in EHB rats. There was no significant difference of hepatic Cd concentration between SD and EHB rats. Furthermore, there were no significant differences of renal and intestinal Cd, and hepatic and renal metallothionein (MT) concentrations between the SD and EHB groups. Biliary excretion of reduced-GSH for 20 min was 1.3 +/- 0.3 mg and 3.6 +/- 0.9 micrograms in SD and EHB rats, respectively. Our results suggest that hepatobiliary excretion of exogenous Cd is mediated mainly via carrier transport, including a cMrp or GSH carrier, but that the lack of the transport pathway does not contribute to abnormal accumulation of Cd in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugawara
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
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Sugawara N, Lai YR, Arizono K, Ariyoshi T. Biliary excretion of exogenous cadmium, and endogenous copper and zinc in the Eisai hyperbilirubinuric (EHB) rat with a near absence of biliary glutathione. Toxicology 1996; 112:87-94. [PMID: 8792851 DOI: 10.1016/0300-483x(96)03353-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mutant Eisai hyperbilirubinuric (EHB) rats derived from an inbred strain of Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats are characterized by a near absence of biliary excretion of glutathione (GSH) due to inherently impaired ATP-driven organic anion transport. Cd (0.1 mg/kg bw from CdCl2) was injected intravenously into EHB rats and control SD rats. Output of biliary excretion of Cd was followed over 15-min intervals up to 60 min. Cd was excreted rapidly and reached the maximum level (73.2 ng/15 min) in the period from 15 to 30 min in SD rats. Its excretion in EHB rats, however was one-fortieth (only 1.8 ng/15 min) of that in SD rats. Biliary concentrations of two endogenous metals, Cu and Zn were also measured. The output of Cu in EHB rat bile (50 ng/15 min before Cd injection) was about one-fifth of that in SD rat bile (270 ng/15 min). The output was not influenced by the Cd injection in the two groups. There was a slight difference of Zn output between the two groups. The biliary excretion of GSH was 500 to 700 micrograms/15 min and only 1 to 2 micrograms/15 min in SD and EHB rats, respectively. Sixty min after Cd injection, the Cd concentrations in the serum, liver and kidney were slightly higher in EHB rats than in SD rats. There was no difference in the hepatic metallothionein (MT-I and-II) concentration between SD (34 micrograms/g liver) and EHB (33 micrograms/g liver) rats. The renal Cu concentration was about four times in the higher in the EHB rat than in the SD rat. These results suggest that reduced biliary excretion of Cd is mainly, but that of Cu is only partly, based in reduced canalicular transport of GSH due to lack of an ATP-driven organic anion transport system, not MT induction in EHB rats. It seems likely that biliary excretion of Cd is regulated mainly by the canalicular anion transport in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugawara
- Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University, Japan
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Abstract
An inherent defect of biliary Cu excretion and subsequent Cu deposition in the liver have been found in Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, which are promising models of Wilson disease. LEC and Fischer rats were given water containing Cd (CdCl2) at a level of 5 ppm for 30 days. Regardless of drinking Cd water, LEC rats showed a very high concentration of Cu (200 to 250 microgram/g) and Cu-metallothionein (Cu-MT) (18 mg/g) in the liver. There was no difference of Cd accumulation in the liver between the two strains exposed to Cd (2.6 and 2.7 microgram/g in the Fischer and LEC groups, respectively). However, the renal Cd concentration was slightly but significantly higher in LEC rats (3.5 microgram/g) than in Fischer rats (2.0 microgram/g). The ratio of renal Cd contents to the sum of renal and hepatic Cd contents was significantly higher in LEC rats (0.25) than in Fischer rats (0.15). The serum Cd concentration in Cd-treated LEC rats increased threefold compared to Cd-treated Fischer rats. It seems likely that Cd from the liver is transported into the kidney in the form of Cd, Cu-MT. There was no difference in uptake of Cd in the hepatic MT fraction between the two strains. Although biliary Cu excretion in LEC rats was significantly lower than that in Fischer rats, reduced excretion of Cd into bile was not found in LEC rats. The gross amounts of Cu and Cu-MT influenced the accumulation of Cd in the kidney rather than in the liver when Cd was given orally at a low level to LEC rats. Our results suggest tht Cu and Cd do not share the same sites of hepatobiliary excretion in rats, although the main route of their excretion is via bile.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sugawara
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
The effect of ethanol on pharmacokinetics of paraquat was studied in rabbits by intravenous (i.v.) bolus injection of ethanol 0.5 g/kg (or normal saline, in the control group) followed by an i.v. dose of paraquat 20 mg/kg. A greater apparent volume of distribution (Vd), faster distribution rate constants and lower peak plasma concentration (P < 0.01) of paraquat were observed in the ethanol-treated than that in the control rabbits. The total clearance of paraquat was not significantly different between the two groups. The effect of ethanol on the intestinal absorption of paraquat was estimated by in situ intestinal perfusion technique in rats. The perfusate contained paraquat 50 micrograms/ml alone or with 1% or 2% ethanol. Inulin 320 micrograms/ml was added to the perfusate for the measurement of water net flux. The absorption clearance of paraquat as well as the absorption of water increased (P < 0.01) about two-fold in the presence of ethanol. The results of this study suggest that ethanol may potentiate paraquat toxicity by increasing intestinal absorption and tissue distribution. The critical lethal plasma concentration of paraquat is supposed to be lower in the presence of ethanol owing to increased volume of distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Department of Legal Medicine, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, R.O.C
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