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Tan N, Shou Y, Chen J, Christensen BK. A Bayesian model of the jumping-to-conclusions bias and its relationship to psychopathology. Cogn Emot 2024; 38:315-331. [PMID: 38078381 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2023.2287091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
The mechanisms by which delusion and anxiety affect the tendency to make hasty decisions (Jumping-to-Conclusions bias) remain unclear. This paper proposes a Bayesian computational model that explores the assignment of evidence weights as a potential explanation of the Jumping-to-Conclusions bias using the Beads Task. We also investigate the Beads Task as a repeated measure by varying the key aspects of the paradigm. The Bayesian model estimations from two online studies showed that higher delusional ideation promoted reduced belief updating but the impact of general and social anxiety on evidence weighting was inconsistent. The altered evidence weighting as a result of a psychopathological trait appeared insufficient in contributing to the Jumping-to-Conclusions bias. Variations in Beads Task aspects significantly affected subjective certainty at the point of decisions but not the number of draws to decisions. Repetitions of the Beads Task are feasible if one assesses the Jumping-to-Conclusions bias using number of draws to decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Tan
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Junwen Chen
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Bruce K Christensen
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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2
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Murray K, Dawel A, Batterham PJ, Gulliver A, Farrer LM, Rodney Harris RM, Shou Y, Calear AL. Cognitive reappraisal moderates the protective effect of body satisfaction on mental health and wellbeing in adults: A prospective study during COVID-19 lockdown. J Affect Disord 2024; 351:268-277. [PMID: 38290577 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2024.01.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Body satisfaction is associated with mental health and well-being in adults. However, prospective studies are needed to better understand its protective effects, and in whom these are most beneficial. This study investigated body satisfaction as a predictor of depressive symptoms, generalised anxiety, and well-being in a representative Australian sample collected during the initial COVID-19 lockdown. Two emotion regulation strategies - cognitive reappraisal and expressive suppression - were also tested as moderating variables. METHODS The sample comprised 684 adults aged 19 to 87 years who completed three primary waves of data spanning two months [Wave 3 (W3), W4 and W7] from the Australian National COVID-19 Mental Health, Behaviour and Risk Communication Survey. RESULTS Hierarchical multiple regression models controlling for demographic and COVID-19 risk factors, as well as W3 for each outcome variable, indicated that W3 body satisfaction predicted greater W7 well-being, and fewer W7 depressive symptoms and greater W7 well-being in participants reporting low levels of W4 cognitive reappraisal. No moderation for W4 expressive suppression was observed, nor predictive relationships between W3 body satisfaction and W7 anxiety. LIMITATIONS The two-month follow-up period precludes conclusions relating to the longer-term protective effects of body satisfaction within and beyond the pandemic context. Examination of focal relationships in clinical samples, and inclusion of broader indices of body image, emotion regulation and mental health, is needed in future studies. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest body satisfaction warrants attention in community well-being promotion in adults, and may be particularly beneficial for those lack adaptive emotion regulation strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Murray
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Building 39, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia.
| | - Amy Dawel
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Building 39, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Rachael M Rodney Harris
- Fenner School of Environment and Society, College of Science, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- School of Medicine and Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, Building 39, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore 117549; Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for The Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117602
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, 63 Eggleston Road, The Australian National University, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia
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3
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Shou Y, Gulliver A, Farrer LM, Dawel A, Burns R, Calear AL, Cherbuin N, Batterham PJ. Psychological mechanisms of the development of suicidal ideation: Longitudinal cohort study. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2024. [PMID: 38436505 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.13060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of the development of suicidal ideation and its moderating and protective factors. Drawing on the Interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide, we proposed that disruptions to belongingness, in conjunction with tolerance of health risk, may influence the development of suicidal ideation above and beyond psychosocial changes such as disruptions to finances and work. METHODS The study involved a longitudinal investigation of an Australian representative sample reporting suicidal ideation fortnightly for 12 weeks between March and June 2020. RESULTS The results indicated that participants who reported higher levels of belongingness, mastery, and intolerance of health risk were less likely to experience suicidal ideation and had lower severity of suicidal ideation. Mastery significantly strengthened the negative link between belongingness and the incidence of suicidal ideation, while agreeableness significantly strengthened the negative link between belongingness and the severity of suicidal ideation over time. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that supporting effective social connectedness during times of isolation and promoting self-efficacy, mastery, and regulation of risk tolerance, may be crucial for suicide prevention and therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Shou
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Amy Dawel
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Richard Burns
- Department of Health, Economics, Wellbeing, and Society, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Department of Health, Economics, Wellbeing, and Society, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Cao X, Somerville MP, Shou Y, Xue Z, Allen JL. Callous-unemotional Traits and Child Response to Teacher Rewards, Discipline, and Instructional Methods in Chinese Preschools: A Classroom Observation Study. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:339-352. [PMID: 37847458 PMCID: PMC10896772 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-023-01137-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023]
Abstract
Atypical responses to teacher rewards, discipline and different forms of instructional methods have been identified as potential contributors to disruptive behavior, low school engagement, and academic underachievement in children with elevated callous-unemotional (CU) traits. To date, research on CU traits in schools has relied on interview or questionnaire methods and has predominantly been conducted in Western countries. Thus, the present study aims to investigate the relationships between CU traits and children's responses to teacher rewards, discipline and instructional methods in the Chinese preschool context using classroom observation. Eight teachers (7 females, 1 male; M = 37.66 years) and 116 children (56% girls; M = 5.16 years) from two mainstream Chinese preschools participated in the study. Of the 116 eligible children, the behavior of 108 children from four classes were observed during classroom activities. Findings indicated that CU traits were not related to children's responses to discipline, nor did CU traits moderate the relationship between instructional methods and children's academic engagement. Higher CU traits predicted a greater frequency of one-to-one teacher-child interaction. Our findings offer initial insights into the potential of early school-based interventions in fostering engagement and prosocial behavior among children with CU traits. However, they also highlight the need for additional support for preschool teachers, who face the challenge of managing these high-risk children who appear to require more individual time and attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cao
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Matthew P Somerville
- Department of Psychology and Human Development, Institute of Education, University College London, 25 Woburn Square, London, WC1H 0AA, UK
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117602, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, 117549, Singapore
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, 2600, Australia
| | - Zijing Xue
- Early Childhood Education College, Shanghai Normal University, 100 Guilin Rd, Shanghai, 200234, China
| | - Jennifer L Allen
- Department of Psychology, University of Bath, 10 West, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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5
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Batterham PJ, Dawel A, Shou Y, Gulliver A, Cherbuin N, Calear AL, Farrer LM, Monaghan C. COVID-19 infection associated with poorer mental health in a representative population sample. J Psychosom Res 2024; 177:111588. [PMID: 38181548 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is limited evidence of the direct effects of COVID-19 infection on mental health, and whether these are influenced by vaccination or physical health symptoms. We aimed to investigate the relationships of COVID-19 infection, current symptom presentation, and vaccination status with mental health symptoms in adults. STUDY DESIGN AND SETTING A cross-sectional sample of the Australian adult population that was representative by age, gender, and location was recruited through market research panels (N = 1407, 51.3% female, mean age 47.9 years). Hierarchical regression analyses were used to examine the associations of COVID-19 infection history and current COVID-19 symptoms with symptoms of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9), generalized anxiety (Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7) and social anxiety (Mini-Social Phobia Inventory). RESULTS COVID-19 infection was associated with significantly higher depression and anxiety symptoms, but only in those who were not fully vaccinated. Current experience of COVID-related symptoms was associated with significantly higher depression and anxiety symptoms, and attenuated the direct effect of infection on mental health outcomes to non-significance. CONCLUSION COVID-19 infection may be associated with increased mental health symptoms. However, the effects of infection on mental health were primarily evident in those who were not fully vaccinated and were explained by greater physical health problems associated with COVID-19 infection. The findings reinforce the efficacy of vaccination for reducing physical and mental health symptoms following infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.
| | - Amy Dawel
- Research School of Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore; Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for The Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Conal Monaghan
- Research School of Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Deng J, Shou Y, Wang MC, Allen JL, Gao Y, Hawes DJ. Core features of callous-unemotional traits: a cross-cultural comparison of youth in four countries. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024:10.1007/s00787-023-02357-8. [PMID: 38180536 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-023-02357-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
With considerable debate concerning the impact of culture on the expression of callous-unemotional (CU) traits, it is unclear whether the core features of CU traits generalize to youth across cultures. This study aimed to examine whether cultural differences are reflected in the core features of CU traits and the associations among these features. Network analysis was employed to identify the core features and to examine the network structure of CU traits operationalized by the Inventory of Callous Unemotional traits (ICU) in four community youth samples from different nations (Australia, N = 190; the UK, N = 437; the USA, N = 330; China, N = 503). The item "Apologizes to people" was identified as a cross-cultural core feature in the ICU network with a greater centrality of this item compared to others in all four samples. In addition, some items were identified as culture-specific core features in the network, differing in their centrality across samples. The network structures of the youth self-report ICU items were moderately similar across samples, while the structures of parent-report items showed substantial differences. These findings have important implications for cross-cultural research on CU traits as well as practical implications for screening and treatment. The core features of ICU appear to be generalizable in youth across cultures, although cultural-specific manifestations should be noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Deng
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Meng-Cheng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center Guangzhou, 230 Wai Huan Xi Road, 510006, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China.
| | | | - Yu Gao
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, USA
| | - David J Hawes
- School of Psychology, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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7
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Shou Y, Jing J. Mycosis fungoides. QJM 2023; 116:1035-1036. [PMID: 37498541 DOI: 10.1093/qjmed/hcad185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Y Shou
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - J Jing
- Department of Dermatology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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8
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Shou Y, Farrer LM, Gulliver A, Newman E, Batterham PJ, Smithson M. Understanding Australian Government Risk Communication Early in the COVID-19 Pandemic: Sociodemographics, Risk Attitudes and Media Consumption. J Health Commun 2023; 28:254-263. [PMID: 37025082 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2023.2197403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Effective risk communication is essential for government and health authorities to effectively manage public health during the Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. Understanding the factors that influence people's perceptions of crisis-related risk messages is critical to identify gaps and inequalities in population risk communication. Using a longitudinal survey of a representative adult sample, we examined risk communication about COVID-19 during April-June 2020 in Australia across sociodemographic groups especially the at-risk groups, accounting for and exploring the effects of risk attitudes and media engagement. Our findings showed that individuals who were younger, more left-wing, more risk-tolerant, and had a current or a history of mental disorders perceived risk communication of the Australian Government to be lower quality. On the other hand, greater consumption of information from televisions was found to be associated with more positive attitudes toward government risk communication. Our results also revealed the importance of effective and high-quality risk communication in gaining the public endorsement of various public health directions. We discuss the implications of results in terms of the development of effective public communications that lead to health-protective behaviors and effectively scaffold public understanding of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Shou
- Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Center for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Center for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Eryn Newman
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Center for Mental Health Research, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michael Smithson
- School of Medicine and Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Mavragani A, Batterham PJ, Gulliver A, Morse A, Calear AL, McCallum S, Banfield M, Shou Y, Newman E, Dawel A. The Factors Associated With Telehealth Use and Avoidance During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Longitudinal Survey. J Med Internet Res 2023; 25:e43798. [PMID: 36649254 PMCID: PMC9947771 DOI: 10.2196/43798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social distancing requirements due to the COVID-19 pandemic saw a rapid increase in the delivery of telehealth consultations as an alternative to face-to-face health care services. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were to assess the use and acceptability of telehealth during the early stages of the pandemic and identify factors associated with telehealth avoidance during this period. METHODS Data were obtained from waves 4 and 7 of a longitudinal survey designed to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health and behavior of a representative sample of Australian adults. Participants reported on their use or avoidance of telehealth during the assessment period, as well as the mode of telehealth used and acceptability. RESULTS Approximately 30% of participants reported using telehealth during the assessment periods, with the most common telehealth modality being the telephone. Acceptance of telehealth was generally high and was higher among those who used telehealth compared with those who did not. Approximately 18% of participants reported avoiding health care due to telehealth. Across assessment waves, avoidance was associated with younger age, speaking a language other than or in addition to English, having a current medical diagnosis, and lower levels of telehealth acceptability. CONCLUSIONS While most participants in this study were accepting of telehealth services, there remain barriers to use, especially among those from particular sociodemographic groups. At a population level, avoidance of health services in nearly one in five adults may have considerable long-term impacts on morbidity and potentially mortality. Targeted efforts to promote engagement with telehealth services are critical if these adverse outcomes are to be avoided, particularly during periods when access to face-to-face services may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alyssa Morse
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Sonia McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Michelle Banfield
- Centre for Mental Health Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia.,Saw See Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Lloyd's Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eryn Newman
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Amy Dawel
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Smithson M, Shou Y. Flexible CDF-quantile distributions on the closed unit interval, with software and applications. COMMUN STAT-THEOR M 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/03610926.2023.2166352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Smithson
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
- Lloyd’s Register Foundation Institute for the Public Understanding of Risk, National University of Singapore, Singapore
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
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11
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Shou Y, Smithson M, Gulliver A, Murray K, Banfield M, Rodney Harris RM, McCallum SM, Farrer LM, Calear AL, Batterham PJ. Risk tolerance and changes in coronavirus disease (COVID) related health behaviors: A longitudinal study. Health Psychol 2022; 41:507-518. [PMID: 35759006 DOI: 10.1037/hea0001197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The present study examined behavioral responses during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the role of dispositional risk tolerance in the Australian context. METHOD The study involved a six-wave longitudinal investigation with a nationally representative sample of Australians (N = 1,296). Dispositional risk tolerance was measured at Wave 1 and participants' anxiety level and self-report implementation of 10 COVID actions was assessed in each wave. Autoregressive multinomial regression models were estimated to assess the unique contribution of risk tolerance to the longitudinal change of participants' implementation of COVID actions. RESULTS The results revealed a high implementation rate for protective actions when Australia had a peak in the severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and subsequently declined with the easing threat of the pandemic. Individuals' dispositional risk tolerance significantly predicted transition to, and endorsement of, protective actions. Participants who had low risk tolerance were more likely to remain at the state of implementing COVID-19 measures than being in, or transitioning to, other states. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that when encouraging protective actions, governments and public authorities should acknowledge variability in the community in responding to risk and consider measures in addition to risk messaging to encourage protective actions among individuals with a high level of risk tolerance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University
| | | | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University
| | - Kristen Murray
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University
| | - Michelle Banfield
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University
| | | | - Sonia M McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, Australian National University
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12
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Batterham PJ, Shou Y, Farrer LM, Murray K, Morse AR, Gulliver A, Slade T, Newton NC, Calear AL. Patterns and predictors of alcohol use during the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia: Longitudinal cohort study. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2022; 46:1248-1257. [PMID: 35567305 PMCID: PMC9348344 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background The COVID‐19 pandemic has resulted in disruptions across many life domains. The distress associated with the pandemic itself, and with public health efforts to manage the outbreak, could result in increased alcohol use. This study aimed to quantify changes in alcohol use during the early stages of the pandemic and factors associated with different patterns of use. Methods Data were obtained from a longitudinal survey of a representative Australian adult sample (N = 1296, 50% female, Mage = 46.0) conducted from March to June 2020, during the first wave of the COVID‐19 outbreak in Australia. Change in alcohol consumption was examined using Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test‐Consumption (AUDIT‐C) scores from waves one, three, five, and seven of the study, each 4 weeks apart. Factors associated with alcohol consumption were examined, including depression (PHQ‐9) and anxiety (GAD‐7) symptoms, health risk tolerance, stress and coping, work and social impairment (WSAS), COVID impacts, and sociodemographic variables. We tested changes in alcohol use across the full sample using a mixed effects repeated measure ANOVA model and a multinomial logistic regression to identify factors assessed at wave 1 that were independently associated with alcohol use. Results There was no significant change in AUDIT‐C scores across the study. For most participants, alcohol use did not increase during the early phase of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. COVID‐19 exposure, higher perceived coping, depression symptoms, and male gender were associated with greater odds of increasing or elevated levels of alcohol use. Social changes, which included working from home, had mixed effects on alcohol consumption. Conclusions Although no evidence was found for increased alcohol use overall during the early months of the pandemic, several factors were associated with alcohol consumption at risky levels. Greater understanding of motivations for drinking across public and private contexts, along with targeted support for high‐risk groups, could assist in reducing harm associated with alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kristen Murray
- Research School of Psychology, College of Health and Medicine, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alyssa R Morse
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tim Slade
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nicola C Newton
- The Matilda Centre for Research in Mental Health and Substance Use, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Shou Y, Chen HF, Takemura K, Wu J, Yang CT, Wang MC. Editorial: From West to East: Recent Advances in Psychometrics and Psychological Instruments in Asia. Front Psychol 2022; 13:875536. [PMID: 35401380 PMCID: PMC8988032 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.875536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Hui-Fang Chen
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | - Joseph Wu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Cheng-Ta Yang
- Graduate Institute of Mind, Brain and Consciousness, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Cheng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Meng-Cheng Wang
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14
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Smithson M, Shou Y, Dawel A, Calear AL, Farrer L, Cherbuin N. The Psychological Benefits of an Uncertain World: Hope and Optimism in the Face of Existential Threat. Front Psychol 2022; 13:749093. [PMID: 35401326 PMCID: PMC8983926 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.749093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We examine how prior mental health predicts hopes and how hopes predict subsequent mental health, testing hypotheses in a longitudinal study with an Australian nation-wide adult sample regarding mental health consequences of the COVID-19 outbreak during its initial stage. Quota sampling was used to select a sample representative of the adult Australian population in terms of age groups, gender, and geographical location. Mental health measures were selected to include those with the best psychometric properties. Hypotheses were tested using generalized linear models with random intercepts, with the type of GLM determined by the nature of the dependent variable. Greater anxiety, depression, distress, and loneliness predict less hope, but impaired quality of life and stress positively predict hopes of gaining new skills. Distress and loneliness predict hopes for social connectedness and an improved society, suggesting that predictors of hope depend on what is hoped for. These findings suggest the need for more nuanced theories of hope. Greater hopes for societal improvement predict lower anxiety, depression, distress, and impaired quality of life, but greater hopes for skills and better mental health predict higher levels of these covariates. Moreover, when relevant prior psychological states are more intense, the impact of hope state declines. These findings indicate that the consequences of hope are heterogeneous, and suggest a possible explanation for the seemingly inconsistent therapeutic effectiveness of raising hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Smithson
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Amy Dawel
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alison L. Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Louise Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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15
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Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Shou Y, Farrer LM, Gulliver A, McCallum SM, Dawel A. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicidal ideation in a representative Australian population sample-Longitudinal cohort study. J Affect Disord 2022; 300:385-391. [PMID: 34995704 PMCID: PMC8735855 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The direct and indirect mental health impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic are considerable. However, it is unclear how suicidal ideation was affected in communities during the acute lockdown phase of the pandemic, and over the longer-term. This study provides longitudinal data on the prevalence of, and risk factors for, suicidal ideation in the Australian national population, during the pandemic. METHOD The Australian National COVID-19 Mental Health and Risk Communication Survey assessed a nationally representative sample of Australian adults (N = 1296) fortnightly for 12 weeks from late-March to June 2020 (7 waves), and again in March 2021 (wave 8). Cox proportional hazards models examined demographic and pandemic-related risk factors for suicidal ideation over time. RESULTS Prevalence of suicidal ideation was high but steady at ∼18% across the acute lockdown phase of the pandemic, and 16.2% in March 2021. People who had direct experience with COVID-19 (tested, diagnosed, or contact with someone who was diagnosed) had increased risk for suicidal ideation. Higher pandemic-related work and social impairment, recent adversity, loneliness, and being younger were also associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation over time. CONCLUSION Both the direct and indirect impacts of COVID-19 were associated with increased risk for suicidal ideation over time, although prevalence did not vary over time. The high prevalence of suicidal ideation in our sample flags a critical need for accessible mental health support, and findings provide insights into the factors placing people at risk during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J. Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra Australia,Corresponding author
| | - Alison L. Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra Australia
| | - Louise M. Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra Australia
| | - Sonia M. McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra Australia
| | - Amy Dawel
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra Australia
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16
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17
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Rieger E, Prasetya K, Christensen BK, Shou Y. Identifying the contingencies of self-worth associated with eating disorder symptoms: The use of choice-based conjoint analysis. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:2167-2179. [PMID: 34713917 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Self-worth contingent on shape/weight is a diagnostic criterion and key maintaining factor for eating disorders. However, the role of other contingencies of self-worth (i.e., domains in which self-worth is invested) is largely unknown. Moreover, research has relied on self-ratings of contingency strength, which are subject to distortion through socially desirable responding and limited self-awareness, and may have limitations in terms of ecological validity. To overcome these limitations, the present study investigated a broad range of contingencies of self-worth in relation to eating disorder pathology and employed a choice-based conjoint (CBC) approach for assessing these contingencies. METHOD Young women and men from the community (N = 428) completed a CBC task to assess the domains in which self-worth is invested, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) to assess eating disorder symptomatology, and the Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding to assess socially desirable responding. RESULTS Beta regression analyses showed that CBC thinness and athletic competence predicted higher scores on all EDE-Q scales. CBC muscularity and facial attractiveness predicted higher scores, while coping ability and quality of relationships predicted lower scores, on various aspects of eating disorder symptoms. CBC social acceptance predicted lower eating disorder symptoms in males only. DISCUSSION The findings suggest that a broader range of contingencies of self-worth beyond shape/weight are relevant to eating disorder pathology and should be considered as potential underlying mechanisms and treatment targets. In addition, this first use of the CBC method in eating disorder research provides initial support for its validity and utility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Rieger
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kevin Prasetya
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Bruce K Christensen
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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18
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Zhang B, Shou Y. Immediate emotions and subjective stakes in risky decision-making under uncertainty. Anxiety Stress Coping 2021; 35:649-661. [PMID: 34747282 DOI: 10.1080/10615806.2021.1994143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous research has shown that immediate emotions and cognitive processing of the stakes of outcomes influence decision-making under uncertainty. The effect of perceived beneficial stakes and different types of immediate emotions on decision-making is an important topic that has received little attention in the literature. This study investigated the effects of trait anxiety and anticipatory emotions (fear, sadness, excitement and comfortability) on the perception of thee stakes of outcomes and behavioral intentions. METHOD Participants from the community completed a task measuring anticipatory emotions and their perceived stakes of risky and beneficial outcomes in a range of uncertain situations. Trait anxiety was also measured. RESULTS Results revealed that anticipatory emotions (except for sadness), trait anxiety and subjective stakes all demonstrated significant associations with risky behavioral intention in uncertain situations. Anticipatory emotions, but not trait anxiety, had stable effects on stake perceptions. However, trait anxiety moderated the effect of excitement on risky behavioral intention. In addition, positive emotions (comfortability and excitement) and beneficial stakes demonstrated consistent effects in the decision-making process. CONCLUSIONS The current study sheds light on future immediate-emotion-based interventions for deficits in uncertain decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bolun Zhang
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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19
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Smithson M, Shou Y. How big is (sample) space? Judgment and decision making with unknown states and outcomes. Decision 2021. [DOI: 10.1037/dec0000154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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20
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Liang J, Shou Y, Wang MC, Deng J, Luo J. Alabama Parenting Questionnaire-9: A reliability generalization meta-analysis. Psychol Assess 2021; 33:940-951. [DOI: 10.1037/pas0001031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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21
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Dawel A, Shou Y, Gulliver A, Cherbuin N, Banfield M, Murray K, Calear AL, Morse AR, Farrer LM, Smithson M. Cause or symptom? A longitudinal test of bidirectional relationships between emotion regulation strategies and mental health symptoms. Emotion 2021; 21:1511-1521. [PMID: 34843310 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Previous work has generally conceptualized emotion regulation as contributing to mental health outcomes, and not vice versa. The present study challenges this assumption by using a prospective design to investigate the directionality of underlying relationships between emotion regulation and mental health in the context of a major population-level stressor. We surveyed a large nationally representative sample of adults (18-91 years, N = 704) at three 1-month intervals across the acute lockdown phase of the COVID-19 pandemic in Australia, using standardized measures of depression and anxiety symptoms. At each time point, we also measured the use of two emotion regulation strategies-cognitive reappraisal and emotional suppression-previously associated with adaptive and maladaptive mental health outcomes, respectively. We found cognitive reappraisal was unrelated to mental health symptoms. In contrast, greater emotional suppression was robustly associated with higher symptom levels for both depression and anxiety. Longitudinal analyses revealed this association reflected bidirectional relationships. Higher symptoms of depression and anxiety each predicted greater subsequent use of emotional suppression, and greater use of emotional suppression predicted higher subsequent symptoms. This bidirectionality suggests emotional suppression is both symptomatic and predictive of psychological distress. The lack of a relationship for cognitive reappraisal is discussed with respect to the pandemic context and evidence that high stress might reduce people's ability to use this strategy effectively. Given the strong emphasis on reappraisal in clinical practice, there is a critical need to understand for whom, what and when this strategy is helpful. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dawel
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, School of Population Health, Australian National University
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, School of Population Health, Australian National University
| | - Michelle Banfield
- Centre for Mental Health Research, School of Population Health, Australian National University
| | - Kristen Murray
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, School of Population Health, Australian National University
| | - Alyssa R Morse
- Centre for Mental Health Research, School of Population Health, Australian National University
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, School of Population Health, Australian National University
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22
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McCallum SM, Calear AL, Cherbuin N, Farrer LM, Gulliver A, Shou Y, Dawel A, Batterham PJ. Associations of loneliness, belongingness and health behaviors with psychological distress and wellbeing during COVID-19. J Affect Disord Rep 2021; 6:100214. [PMID: 34494016 PMCID: PMC8411686 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was to assess the effects of loneliness, belongingness and other modifiable factors on psychological distress and wellbeing and whether the effects of COVID-19 modulated these relationships. Methods The current study reported on 1217 participants aged 18 years or older who completed an online survey from 28 to 31 March 2020. Survey measures included demographic characteristics; exposure to COVID-19; impact of COVID-19 on employment, finance, and work and social adjustment; loneliness, thwarted belongingness, and health behavior changes as modifiable factors. Outcome measures were psychological distress and wellbeing. Results Linear regression models revealed that COVID-19 related work and social adjustment difficulties, financial distress, loneliness, thwarted belongingness, eating a less healthy diet poorer sleep and being female were all associated with increased psychological distress and reduced wellbeing (p < 0.05). Psychological distress was more elevated for those with high difficulties adjusting to COVID-19 and high levels of thwarted belongingness (p < 0.005). Similarly, as COVID-19 related work and social adjustment difficulties increased, wellbeing reduced. This was more pronounced in those who felt lower levels of loneliness (p < 0.0001). Other interactions between COVID-19 impacts were observed with gender and poorer diet for psychological distress and cigarette use, age and gender for wellbeing (p < 0.05). Limitations The study was cross-sectional, preventing causal interpretation of the relationships. Conclusion Modifiable factors, age and gender had significant impacts on psychological distress and wellbeing. Public health and policy approaches to improving social, economic and lifestyle factors may mitigate the negative mental health effects of the pandemic and its restrictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia M McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Amy Dawel
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Abstract
Risk attitudes are of interest to researchers in many fields as they play a crucial role in our day-to-day decision-making. In this paper we develop a measure of risk attitudes-the Multi-Domain Risk Tolerance (MDRT) scale-that addresses some key shortcomings of popular self-report scales, such as the Domain-Specific Risk-Taking (DOSPERT) scale. We do this by clearly aligning the risk in the items with the particular domain of risk, reducing item ambiguity, and reducing the impact of prior knowledge. We developed the MDRT using an Exploratory Graph Analysis (EGA) and Item Response Theory (IRT) approach with a community sample (N = 921). We examined its construct and convergent validity (N = 493) and construct generalizability (N = 487). We found that the MDRT had excellent internal consistency, dimensionality and latent factor structure. The MDRT also demonstrated significant convergent validity with related scales used in the literature. The MDRT is shown to be a promising alternative measure of risk attitudes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Joel Olney
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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24
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McKone E, Dawel A, Robbins RA, Shou Y, Chen N, Crookes K. Why the other-race effect matters: Poor recognition of other-race faces impacts everyday social interactions. Br J Psychol 2021; 114 Suppl 1:230-252. [PMID: 34010458 DOI: 10.1111/bjop.12508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
What happens to everyday social interactions when other-race recognition fails? Here, we provide the first formal investigation of this question. We gave East Asian international students (N = 89) a questionnaire concerning their experiences of the other-race effect (ORE) in Australia, and a laboratory test of their objective other-race face recognition deficit using the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT). As a 'perpetrator' of the ORE, participants reported that their problems telling apart Caucasian people contributed significantly to difficulties socializing with them. Moreover, the severity of this problem correlated with their ORE on the CFMT. As a 'victim' of the ORE, participants reported that Caucasians' problems telling them apart also contributed to difficulties socializing. Further, 81% of participants had been confused with other Asians by a Caucasian authority figure (e.g., university tutor, workplace boss), resulting in varying levels of upset/difficulty. When compared to previously established contributors to international students' high rates of social isolation, ORE-related problems were perceived as equally important as the language barrier and only moderately less important than cultural differences. We conclude that the real-world impact of the ORE extends beyond previously identified specialized settings (eyewitness testimony, security), to common everyday situations experienced by all humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elinor McKone
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Amy Dawel
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Rachel A Robbins
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Nan Chen
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Kate Crookes
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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25
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Batterham PJ, Calear AL, McCallum SM, Morse AR, Banfield M, Farrer LM, Gulliver A, Cherbuin N, Rodney Harris RM, Shou Y, Dawel A. Trajectories of depression and anxiety symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic in a representative Australian adult cohort. Med J Aust 2021; 214:462-468. [PMID: 33899939 PMCID: PMC8207103 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.51043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To estimate initial levels of symptoms of depression and anxiety, and their changes during the early months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia; to identify trajectories of symptoms of depression and anxiety; to identify factors associated with these trajectories. Design, setting, participants Longitudinal cohort study; seven fortnightly online surveys of a representative sample of 1296 Australian adults from the beginning of COVID‐19‐related restrictions in late March 2020 to mid‐June 2020. Main outcome measures Symptoms of depression and anxiety, measured with the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ‐9) depression and Generalised Anxiety Disorder (GAD‐7) scales; trajectories of symptom change. Results Younger age, being female, greater COVID‐19‐related work and social impairment, COVID‐19‐related financial distress, having a neurological or mental illness diagnosis, and recent adversity were each significantly associated with higher baseline depression and anxiety scores. Growth mixture models identified three latent trajectories for depression symptoms (low throughout the study, 81% of participants; moderate throughout the study, 10%; initially severe then declining, 9%) and four for anxiety symptoms (low throughout the study, 77%; initially moderate then increasing, 10%; initially moderate then declining, 5%; initially mild then increasing before again declining, 8%). Factors statistically associated with not having a low symptom trajectory included mental disorder diagnoses, COVID‐19‐related financial distress and social and work impairment, and bushfire exposure. Conclusion Our longitudinal data enabled identification of distinct symptom trajectories during the first three months of the COVID‐19 pandemic in Australia. Early intervention to ensure that vulnerable people are clinically and socially supported during a pandemic should be a priority.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Sonia M McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Alyssa R Morse
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Michelle Banfield
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Rachael M Rodney Harris
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
| | - Amy Dawel
- Australian National University, Canberra, ACT
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Abstract
It is important to consider cultural implications in the development and manifestation of psychopathy because this construct is often understood in reference to behavioral deviance from social norms. This study examined the construct of psychopathy as it relates to three psychological constructs that are shaped by sociocultural contexts: collectivism-individualism, Zhongyong thinking, and dialectical self-concept. The authors recruited 636 participants from four nations and examined differences between Western English-speaking populations and East Asian Chinese-speaking populations. The results showed that collectivism and Zhongyong thinking negatively correlated with the maladaptive aspects of psychopathy (affective/interpersonal and behavioral), whereas individualism and dialectical self-concept positively correlated with the behavioral aspect of psychopathy. Dialectical self-concept also negatively correlated with Boldness. The majority of these associations did not differ significantly between the Western and East Asian samples. This finding suggests the potential universality of the psychological processes of psychopathy in relation to cultural values and thinking styles.
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27
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Tan N, Shou Y. WITHDRAWN: Anxiety and responses towards ambiguity: A multidimensional framework. Journal of Affective Disorders Reports 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jadr.2021.100075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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28
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Deng J, Wang MC, Shou Y, Gao Y. Core features of callous-unemotional traits: Network analysis of the inventory of callous-unemotional traits in offender and community samples. J Clin Psychol 2020; 77:1487-1498. [PMID: 33237589 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Callous-unemotional (CU) traits have been added as a specifier labeled with "Limited Prosocial Emotion" used to diagnose conduct disorder in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. However, little is known about the core features of CU traits. Thus, this study aimed to identify the most central component of CU traits from a network perspective. METHOD Network analysis was applied to investigate the network structure of CU traits operationalized by the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits in a sample of juvenile offenders (Mage = 17.14, N = 609) and community youths (Mage = 10.82, N = 487). RESULTS Our findings showed that items assessing callousness are the most central in the network across both samples. Also, the unemotional items were found to be located at a peripheral position, with fewer links apparent to callousness and uncaring items. CONCLUSIONS Callousness might be the key feature of CU traits in youths. Our findings further advance the general understanding about the core features of CU traits in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxin Deng
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Cheng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yu Gao
- Department of Psychology, Brooklyn College and the Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York City, New York, USA
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29
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
| | - Joel Olney
- Research School of Psychology Australian National University Canberra Australian Capital Territory 2601 Australia
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Dawel A, Shou Y, Smithson M, Cherbuin N, Banfield M, Calear AL, Farrer LM, Gray D, Gulliver A, Housen T, McCallum SM, Morse AR, Murray K, Newman E, Rodney Harris RM, Batterham PJ. The Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health and Wellbeing in a Representative Sample of Australian Adults. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:579985. [PMID: 33132940 PMCID: PMC7573356 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.579985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is minimal knowledge about the impact of large-scale epidemics on community mental health, particularly during the acute phase. This gap in knowledge means we are critically ill-equipped to support communities as they face the unprecedented COVID-19 pandemic. This study aimed to provide data urgently needed to inform government policy and resource allocation now and in other future crises. The study was the first to survey a representative sample from the Australian population at the early acute phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. Depression, anxiety, and psychological wellbeing were measured with well-validated scales (PHQ-9, GAD-7, WHO-5). Using linear regression, we tested for associations between mental health and exposure to COVID-19, impacts of COVID-19 on work and social functioning, and socio-demographic factors. Depression and anxiety symptoms were substantively elevated relative to usual population data, including for individuals with no existing mental health diagnosis. Exposure to COVID-19 had minimal association with mental health outcomes. Recent exposure to the Australian bushfires was also unrelated to depression and anxiety, although bushfire smoke exposure correlated with reduced psychological wellbeing. In contrast, pandemic-induced impairments in work and social functioning were strongly associated with elevated depression and anxiety symptoms, as well as decreased psychological wellbeing. Financial distress due to the pandemic, rather than job loss per se, was also a key correlate of poorer mental health. These findings suggest that minimizing disruption to work and social functioning, and increasing access to mental health services in the community, are important policy goals to minimize pandemic-related impacts on mental health and wellbeing. Innovative and creative strategies are needed to meet these community needs while continuing to enact vital public health strategies to control the spread of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dawel
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael Smithson
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michelle Banfield
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alison L. Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Louise M. Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Darren Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tambri Housen
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sonia M. McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alyssa R. Morse
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kristen Murray
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eryn Newman
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rachael M. Rodney Harris
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Philip J. Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Abstract
Studies have shown that previous psychopathy models may only address limited aspects of interpersonal and emotional deficits when being applied to the Chinese cultural context. Understanding cultural differences in the manifestation of the psychopathic personality requires a more comprehensive conceptual map that allows for examination of more detailed or nuanced aspects of psychopathy. The present study aimed to apply the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality (CAPP) framework to the Chinese cultural context and developed a Chinese version of the Self-Report Inventory of CAPP (CAPP-SR). An initial pool of 231 items was developed in Study 1, and then was tested and validated in 2 large community-based samples reported in Study 2 (N = 478) and Study 3 (N = 450). The Chinese version of the CAPP-SR was developed based on item response theory and content evaluation, with the aim of maximizing the psychometric quality, comprehensiveness, and similarity of scales with the standard CAPP-SR that was developed in English-speaking samples. The Chinese version of the CAPP-SR showed promising psychometric properties, with convergent validity that was similar to that demonstrated in English-speaking samples. The results also highlighted that the CAPP-SR can address the aforementioned issue in earlier psychopathy measures by covering various symptoms of emotional and interpersonal deficits. Furthermore, the results revealed that the associations among the various interpersonal and emotional deficits may differ between Chinese and Western populations. The CAPP-SR allows for future research that will deepen our understanding of the links among characteristics of psychopathy for Chinese populations. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Dawel A, Shou Y, Smithson M, Cherbuin N, Banfield M, Calear AL, Farrer LM, Gray D, Gulliver A, Housen T, McCallum SM, Morse AR, Murray K, Newman E, Rodney Harris RM, Batterham PJ. Corrigendum: The Effect of COVID-19 on Mental Health and Wellbeing in a Representative Sample of Australian Adults. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:619331. [PMID: 33551879 PMCID: PMC7860974 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.619331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.579985.].
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy Dawel
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michael Smithson
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Nicolas Cherbuin
- Centre for Research on Ageing, Health and Wellbeing, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Michelle Banfield
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Louise M Farrer
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Darren Gray
- Department of Global Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Amelia Gulliver
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Tambri Housen
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sonia M McCallum
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Alyssa R Morse
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Kristen Murray
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Eryn Newman
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Rachael M Rodney Harris
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- Centre for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
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Zhang X, Shou Y, Wang MC, Zhong C, Luo J, Gao Y, Yang W. Assessing Callous-Unemotional Traits in Chinese Detained Boys: Factor Structure and Construct Validity of the Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1841. [PMID: 31440192 PMCID: PMC6693437 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The Inventory of Callous-Unemotional Traits (ICU) was designed to evaluate multiple facets of Callous-Unemotional (CU) traits in youths. However, no study has examined the factor structure and psychometrical properties of the ICU in Chinese detained juveniles. The current study assesses the factor structure, internal consistency and convergent validity of the ICU in 613 Chinese detained boys. Confirmatory factor analysis results indicated that the original three-factor model with 24 items showed an unacceptable fit to the data, however, the 11-item shortened version of the ICU (ICU-11) with callousness and uncaring dimensions showed the best fit. Moreover, the ICU-11 total score and factor scores had good and acceptable internal consistencies. The convergent and criterion validity of the ICU-11 was demonstrated by comparable and significant associations in the expected direction with relevant external criteria (e.g., psychopathy, aggression, and empathy). In conclusion, present findings indicated that the ICU-11 is a reliable and efficient instrument to replace the original ICU when assessing CU traits in the Chinese male detained juvenile sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintong Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,The Center for Psychometrics and Latent Variable Modeling, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Meng-Cheng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,The Center for Psychometrics and Latent Variable Modeling, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory for Juveniles Mental Health and Educational Neuroscience in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuxian Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,The Center for Psychometrics and Latent Variable Modeling, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Luo
- School of Psychology, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Brooklyn College, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Wendeng Yang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory for Juveniles Mental Health and Educational Neuroscience in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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Sellbom M, Cooke DJ, Shou Y. Development and initial validation of the Comprehensive Assessment of Psychopathic Personality–Self-Report (CAPP-SR). Psychol Assess 2019; 31:878-894. [DOI: 10.1037/pas0000714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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35
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Deng J, Wang MC, Zhang X, Shou Y, Gao Y, Luo J. The Inventory of Callous Unemotional Traits: A reliability generalization meta-analysis. Psychol Assess 2019; 31:765-780. [DOI: 10.1037/pas0000698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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36
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Wang MC, Shou Y, Liang J, Lai H, Zeng H, Chen L, Gao Y. Further Validation of the Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits in Chinese Children: Cross-Informants Invariance and Longitudinal Invariance. Assessment 2019; 27:1668-1680. [DOI: 10.1177/1073191119845052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The present study examined the factor structure and measurement invariance of the shortened versions of the Inventory of Callous–Unemotional Traits (ICU) with data from multiple informants. Five short versions of the ICU proposed in previous studies were tested and compared through confirmatory factor analysis. The measurement invariance across different informants (i.e., self-report, parent-report, and teacher-report) and longitudinal measurement invariance for the resulting best-fitting model were tested thoroughly. Results indicated that a shortened form that consists of 11 items (ICU-11) to assess callousness and uncaring factors had excellent overall fit. Moreover, the ICU-11 was invariant across informant and occasions. However, the ICU-11 was not without limitations; the internal consistency α for the uncaring factor with self-report scores was marginal. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the ICU-11 was an excellent fit for our data and displayed measurement invariance across informants and over time. The ICU-11 may be a promising assessment tool that could be used in research to assess callous–uncaring traits in Chinese children.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yiyun Shou
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | | | - Hong Zeng
- Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lina Chen
- Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu Gao
- Brooklyn College, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- The Graduate Center of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
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37
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Smithson M, Priest D, Shou Y, Newell BR. Ambiguity and Conflict Aversion When Uncertainty Is in the Outcomes. Front Psychol 2019; 10:539. [PMID: 30984054 PMCID: PMC6450420 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We argue that the way ambiguity has been operationalized throughout the literature on ambiguity effects has an important limitation, insofar as ambiguity in outcomes has been neglected. We report two studies where judges do encounter ambiguity in the sampled outcomes and find evidence that ambiguity aversion is not less than when judges are given a range of outcomes without reference to ambiguous outcomes themselves. This result holds regardless of whether people are presented with a sample all at once or sample outcomes sequentially. Our experiments also investigate the effects of conflicting information about outcomes, finding that conflict aversion also does not decrease. Moreover, ambiguity and conflict aversion do not seem to arise as a consequence of judges ignoring uncertain outcomes and thereby treating outcome sets as reduced samples of unambiguous (or unconflicting) information. Instead, ambiguity and conflict aversion are partly explained by more pessimistic outcome forecasts by judges. This pessimism, in turn, may be due to the judges’ uncertainty about how the chance of a desirable outcome from an ambiguous or conflictive alternative compares with an equivalent risky alternative. Both studies used hypothetical scenarios, and no incentives were provided for participants’ decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Smithson
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Daniel Priest
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Ben R Newell
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Wang MC, Shou Y, Deng Q, Sellbom M, Salekin RT, Gao Y. Factor structure and construct validity of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale (LSRP) in a sample of Chinese male inmates. Psychol Assess 2018; 30:882-892. [DOI: 10.1037/pas0000537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Li M, Wang MC, Shou Y, Zhong C, Ren F, Zhang X, Yang W. Psychometric Properties and Measurement Invariance of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 Among Chinese Insurance Employees. Front Psychol 2018; 9:519. [PMID: 29720953 PMCID: PMC5915545 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties and factorial invariance of the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). Confirmatory factor analyses (CFAs) were performed to verify the BSI-18's factor structure in a large sample of Chinese insurance professionals (N = 2363, 62.7% women; age range = 19-70). Multigroup CFA were performed to test the measurement invariance of the model with the best fit across genders. In addition, structural equation modeling was conducted to test the correlations between the BSI-18 and two covariates - social support perception and grit trait. Results indicated that the bi-factor model best fit the data and was also equivalent across genders. The BSI-18's general factor, and somatization and depression dimensions were significantly related to social support perception and grit trait, whereas the anxiety dimension was not. Overall, our findings suggested that the BSI-18's can be a promising tool in assessing general psychological distress in Chinese employees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingshu Li
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- The Center for Psychometrics and Latent Variable Modeling, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meng-Cheng Wang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- The Center for Psychometrics and Latent Variable Modeling, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Juveniles Mental Health and Educational Neuroscience in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Chuxian Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- The Center for Psychometrics and Latent Variable Modeling, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fen Ren
- School of Education and Psychology, University of Jinan, Jinan, China
| | - Xintong Zhang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- The Center for Psychometrics and Latent Variable Modeling, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wendeng Yang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
- The Key Laboratory for Juveniles Mental Health and Educational Neuroscience in Guangdong Province, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology; The Australian National University; Canberra Australia
| | - Michael Smithson
- Research School of Psychology; The Australian National University; Canberra Australia
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Yan Y, Rieger E, Shou Y. Reducing the stigma associated with anorexia nervosa: An evaluation of a social consensus intervention among Australian and Chinese young women. Int J Eat Disord 2018; 51:62-70. [PMID: 29197118 DOI: 10.1002/eat.22808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined the effectiveness of a social consensus intervention in reducing stigma toward individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) among women from Australia and mainland China. Moreover, the different predictions of informational/normative social influence theory and the social identity approach in terms of the effectiveness of the social consensus intervention were investigated. METHOD Participants were female students from the Australian National University (n = 97) and Central China Normal University (n = 76) who reported their levels of stigma toward a fictional character with AN before and after receiving normative information regarding the attitudes of others toward people with AN. Three experimental conditions of normative information were utilized: in-group, out-group, and neutral. RESULTS Chinese participants reported higher levels of baseline stigma across all measures than Australian participants. Social consensus was effective in reducing most types of AN stigma, and supported the social identity approach in that improvements in attitudinal, affective, and behavioral aspects of stigma were significantly greater for participants in the in-group (but not the out-group) versus the neutral condition. The effectiveness of the social consensus approach was not moderated by nationality. DISCUSSION A social consensus approach holds potential as an additional strategy for reducing AN stigma, with its benefits extending across diverse cultural settings. Such an approach would entail ensuring that positive messages regarding people with AN are delivered by members of a valued in-group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuwen Yan
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Rieger
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
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Smithson M, Shou Y. CDF-quantile distributions for modelling random variables on the unit interval. Br J Math Stat Psychol 2017; 70:412-438. [PMID: 28306155 DOI: 10.1111/bmsp.12091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This paper introduces a two-parameter family of distributions for modelling random variables on the (0,1) interval by applying the cumulative distribution function of one 'parent' distribution to the quantile function of another. Family members have explicit probability density functions, cumulative distribution functions and quantiles in a location parameter and a dispersion parameter. They capture a wide variety of shapes that the beta and Kumaraswamy distributions cannot. They are amenable to likelihood inference, and enable a wide variety of quantile regression models, with predictors for both the location and dispersion parameters. We demonstrate their applicability to psychological research problems and their utility in modelling real data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Smithson
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
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Kaplan J, Gordon L, Infante J, Popat R, Rambaldi A, Madan S, Patel M, Gritti G, El-Sharkawi D, Chau I, Radford J, Perez De Oteyza J, Zinzani P, Iyer S, Faucette S, Sheldon-Waniga E, Stumpo K, Shou Y, Carpio C, Bosch F. TAK-659, AN INVESTIGATIONAL REVERSIBLE DUAL SYK/FLT-3 INHIBITOR, IN PATIENTS WITH LYMPHOMA: UPDATED RESULTS FROM DOSE-ESCALATION AND EXPANSION COHORTS OF a PHASE 1 STUDY. Hematol Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/hon.2437_60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Kaplan
- Department of Medicine; Northwestern University; Chicago USA
| | - L. Gordon
- Robert H Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center; Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine; Chicago USA
| | - J. Infante
- Drug Development Unit; Sarah Cannon Research Institute/Tennessee Oncology; Nashville USA
| | - R. Popat
- NIHR Clinical Research Facility; UCLH; London UK
| | - A. Rambaldi
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia / Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit; Università degli Studi di Milano / Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXII; Bergamo Italy
| | - S. Madan
- Dipartimento di Oncologia ed Emato-Oncologia/Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit; Università degli Studi di Milano/Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | - M.R. Patel
- Hematology-Oncology; Florida Cancer Specialists/Sarah Cannon Research Institute; Sarasota USA
| | - G. Gritti
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplant Unit; Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII; Bergamo Italy
| | - D. El-Sharkawi
- Haematology; NIHR UCLH Clinical Research Facility; London UK
| | - I. Chau
- Department of Medicine; Royal Marsden Hospital; Surrey UK
| | - J. Radford
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre; University of Manchester and the Christie NHS Foundation Trust; Manchester UK
| | | | - P. Zinzani
- Hematology, Institute of Hematology “Seragnoli”; University of Bologna; Bologna Italy
| | - S. Iyer
- Advanced Therapeutics, Institute of Academic Medicine; Houston Methodist Cancer Center; Houston USA
| | - S. Faucette
- Clinical Pharmacology; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co.; Cambridge USA
| | | | - K. Stumpo
- Oncology Clinical Research; Takeda Pharmaceuticals; Cambridge USA
| | - Y. Shou
- Oncology Clinical Research; Takeda Pharmaceuticals International Co.; Cambridge USA
| | - C. Carpio
- Hematology; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
| | - F. Bosch
- Hematology; University Hospital Vall d'Hebron; Barcelona Spain
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45
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Walsh E, Shou Y, Han J, Brinker JK. Development and Validation of a Chinese Language Version of the Ruminative Thought Styles Questionnaire. Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282917696937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The Ruminative Thought Styles Questionnaire (RTS) conceptualizes rumination as repetitive, recurrent, intrusive, and uncontrollable thinking. This article outlines the development and validation of a Chinese language version of the RTS, the RTS-CH. Following independent translation, back translation, and final translation checking, the factor structure, convergent and divergent validity, and item-level congruence of the RTS-CH was examined and improved. The resultant scale showed equivalence to the RTS and had attractive psychometric properties. The RTS-CH is the first Chinese language rumination measure that does not have inherently negative or depressive content.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Walsh
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Y. Shou
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - J. Han
- Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - J. K. Brinker
- Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, Australia
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46
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Han J, Batterham PJ, Calear AL, Wu Y, Shou Y, van Spijker BAJ. Translation and validation of the Chinese versions of the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale, Stigma of Suicide Scale, and Literacy of Suicide Scale. Death Stud 2017; 41:173-179. [PMID: 27715477 DOI: 10.1080/07481187.2016.1214633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
This article reports the validation of the Chinese versions of the Suicidal Ideation Attributes Scale (SIDAS), the short form of Stigma of Suicide Scale (SOSS), and the short form of Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS) among 57 Chinese and English bilinguals and 224 Chinese university students. All the translated scales showed high correlations with the original versions. The translated SIDAS and refined SOSS demonstrated robust factor structures, good internal consistency, and convergent validity. Chinese students with self-reported depression symptoms tended to have higher glorification of suicide and lower suicide literacy. These brief scales fill an important gap in evaluating suicide outcomes in Chinese-speaking societies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Han
- a Center for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Philip J Batterham
- a Center for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Alison L Calear
- a Center for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Yang Wu
- b Research Center of Social Psychology , Central China Normal University , Wuhan , China
| | - Yiyun Shou
- c Research School of Psychology , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
| | - Bregje A J van Spijker
- a Center for Mental Health Research, Research School of Population Health , The Australian National University , Canberra , Australia
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Abstract
There is cumulative evidence for the cross-cultural validity of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM; Patrick, 2010) among non-Western populations. Recent studies using correlational and regression analyses show promising construct validity of the TriPM in Chinese samples. However, little is known about the efficiency of items in TriPM in assessing the proposed latent traits. The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Chinese TriPM at the item level using item response theory analyses. It also examined the measurement invariance of the TriPM between the Chinese and the U.S. student samples by applying differential item functioning analyses under the item response theory framework. The results supported the unidimensional nature of the Disinhibition and Meanness scales. Both scales had a greater level of precision in the respective underlying constructs at the positive ends. The two scales, however, had several items that were weakly associated with their respective latent traits in the Chinese student sample. Boldness, on the other hand, was found to be multidimensional, and reflected a more normally distributed range of variation. The examination of measurement bias via differential item functioning analyses revealed that a number of items of the TriPM were not equivalent across the Chinese and the U.S. SAMPLES Some modification and adaptation of items might be considered for improving the precision of the TriPM for Chinese participants. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University
| | | | - Jing Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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48
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Shou Y, Sellbom M, Xu J, Chen T, Sui A. Elaborating on the construct validity of Triarchic Psychopathy Measure in Chinese clinical and nonclinical samples. Psychol Assess 2016; 29:1071-1081. [PMID: 27736123 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The contemporary knowledge of the construct and operationalization of psychopathy in East Asian countries is still limited. The present paper examines the validity and applicability of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) based on the triarchic model of psychopathy in Chinese clinical and nonclinical samples. The results of Study 1 using a psychiatric patient sample (N = 193) showed that the pattern of associations between the TriPM scales (Boldness, Meanness, and Disinhibition) and the 3 factors (Egocentricity, Callous, and Antisocial) of the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale were similar to previous studies using English-speaking samples. Study 2 examined the construct validity of the TriPM with the inclusion of culturally adapted measures as external criteria in a university sample (N = 311). The TriPM Boldness scale was uniquely associated with fearlessness, whereas TriPM Disinhibition was associated with risky behaviors. TriPM Meanness significantly correlated with a Chinese interpersonal construct, Renqing, which is a social norm of interpersonal affect and relations. Cross-cultural implications for psychopathy are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, Australian National University
| | | | - Jing Xu
- Department of Medical Psychology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Tunong Chen
- Department of Medical Psychology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
| | - Aiping Sui
- Department of Medical Psychology, Affiliated Nanjing Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University
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49
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Abstract
The nature of psychopathy is not well understood in East Asian cultures, partially due to a lack of an established measurement of this important construct. This study developed and validated a Chinese-language version of the Triarchic Psychopathy Measure (TriPM) based on Patrick et al.'s (2009) triarchic model of psychopathy. Study 1 described the translation of the Chinese TriPM and demonstrated that the Chinese version of the TriPM is equivalent to the original English version in linguistic meaning. Study 2 examined the construct validity of the Chinese TriPM in a Chinese student sample. The TriPM evinced acceptable reliability and promising validity. Moreover, cross-cultural equivalence was examined by relative associations for the TriPM with the Levenson Self-Report Psychopathy Scale across the Chinese sample and a comparable United States student sample. Results revealed that the test bias in the strength of associations, regression intercepts, and slopes was mostly absent across the two samples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jin Han
- Australian National University
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50
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Abstract
While much has been written about the consequences of zero-sum (or fixed-pie) beliefs, their measurement has received almost no systematic attention. No researchers, to our awareness, have examined the question of whether the endorsement of a zero-sum-like proposition depends on how the proposition is formed. This paper focuses on this issue, which may also apply to the measurement of other attitudes. Zero-sum statements have a form such as "The more of resource X for consumer A, the less of resource Y for consumer B." X and Y may be the same resource (such as time), but they can be different (e.g., "The more people commute by bicycle, the less revenue for the city from car parking payments"). These statements have four permutations, and a strict zero-sum believer should regard these four statements as equally valid and therefore should endorse them equally. We find, however, that three asymmetric patterns routinely occur in people's endorsement levels, i.e., clear framing effects, whereby endorsement of one permutation substantially differs from endorsement of another. The patterns seem to arise from beliefs about asymmetric resource flows and power relations between rival consumers. We report three studies, with adult samples representative of populations in two Western and two non-Western cultures, demonstrating that most of the asymmetric belief patterns are consistent across these samples. We conclude with a discussion of the implications of this kind of "order-effect" for attitude measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Smithson
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Yiyun Shou
- Research School of Psychology, The Australian National University Canberra, ACT, Australia
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