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Axelsson GT, Jonmundsson T, Woo YJ, Frick EA, Aspelund T, Loureiro JJ, Orth AP, Jennings LL, Gudmundsson G, Emilsson V, Gudmundsdottir V, Gudnason V. Proteomic associations with forced expiratory volume - a Mendelian randomisation study. medRxiv 2023:2023.06.30.23292035. [PMID: 37425696 PMCID: PMC10327250 DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.30.23292035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
A decline in forced expiratory volume (FEV1) is a hallmark of obstructive respiratory diseases, an important cause of morbidity among the elderly. While some data exist on biomarkers that are related to FEV1, we sought to do a systematic analysis of causal relations of biomarkers with FEV1. Data from the general population-based AGES-Reykjavik study were used. Proteomic measurements were done using 4,782 DNA aptamers (SOMAmers). Data from 1,648 participants with spirometric data were used to assess the association of SOMAmer measurements with FEV1 using linear regression. Bi-directional Mendelian randomisation (MR) analyses were done to assess causal relations of observationally associated SOMAmers with FEV1, using genotype and SOMAmer data from 5,368 AGES-Reykjavik participants and genetic associations with FEV1 from a publicly available GWAS (n = 400,102). In observational analyses, 473 SOMAmers were associated with FEV1 after multiple testing adjustment. The most significant were R-Spondin 4, Alkaline Phosphatase, Placental Like 2 and Retinoic Acid Receptor Responder 2. Of the 235 SOMAmers with genetic data, eight were associated with FEV1 in MR analyses. Three were directionally consistent with the observational estimate, Thrombospondin 2 (THBS2), Endoplasmic Reticulum Oxidoreductase 1 Beta and Apolipoprotein M. THBS2 was further supported by a colocalization analysis. Analyses in the reverse direction, testing whether changes in SOMAmer levels were caused by changes in FEV1, were performed but no significant associations were found after multiple testing adjustments. In summary, this large scale proteogenomic analyses of FEV1 reveals protein markers of FEV1, as well as several proteins with potential causality to lung function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Min Sohn
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Woo
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Currie ME, Shudo Y, Mooney J, Woo YJ. Successful Heart-Lung Transplant for a Patient on Continuous-Flow Left Ventricular Assist Device Support Complicated With Amiodarone-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis. Transplant Proc 2019; 51:593-594. [PMID: 30879597 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In this case report, we present a successful case of en bloc heart-lung transplant in a patient with advanced cardiopulmonary respiratory failure from amiodarone-associated pulmonary fibrosis that occurred post-left ventricular assist device implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E Currie
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Y Shudo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - J Mooney
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Y J Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA.
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Kim JE, Oh JH, Woo YJ, Jung JH, Jeong KH, Kang H. Effects of mesenchymal stem cell therapy on alopecia areata in cellular and hair follicle organ culture models. Exp Dermatol 2018; 29:265-272. [PMID: 30372797 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell therapy (MSCT) has been suggested as a new therapeutic strategy for immunological disorders. There have been only a few attempts to treat alopecia areata (AA) with MSCT. MSCT efficacy and mechanism of action in treating AA are not known. We sought to investigate the effect of human hematopoietic mesenchymal stem cells (hHMSCs) on an in vitro model of AA and to explore relevant mechanisms that regulate efficacy. An AA-like environment was induced by pretreatment of human dermal papilla cells (hDPCs) with interferon gamma (IFN-γ). hHMSCs were administered to the hDPCs, and cell viability was determined. Similar studies were also conducted with human hair follicles (HFs) in culture. The change in expression of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and JAK/STAT pathway-related molecules and growth factors in hHMSC-treated hDPCs was also examined by reverse transcription-PCR, Western blot assay and growth factor array. Immune privilege-related molecules were examined by immunohistochemistry in HF culture models. hHMSCs enhanced the cell viability of the hDPCs. hHMSCs activated several molecules in the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway, including ß-catenin and phosphorylated GSK3b, and decreased IFN-γ-induced expression of DKK1 in hDPCs. hHMSCs suppressed IFN-γ-induced expression of caspase-1, caspase-3 and IFN-γ receptor. hHMSCs induced the phosphorylation of STAT1 and STAT3 compared to controls and IFN-γ-pretreated hDPCs. hHMSC-treated HFs enhanced several growth factor mRNAs. hHMSC pretreatment modulated IFN-γ-induced expression of molecules related to HF immune privilege on HFs in organ culture. These data suggest MSCT may be a new potential therapeutic option in treating AA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jee Hye Oh
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Woo
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ji Hee Jung
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Ho Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Sohn KM, Woo YJ, Kim JE, Kang H. A subungual angiokeratoma with characteristic clinical and dermoscopic features. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 2018; 84:230-231. [PMID: 29376508 DOI: 10.4103/ijdvl.ijdvl_138_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ki Min Sohn
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Jun Woo
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Abstract
Arterial bypass grafts remain the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage ischaemic disease. Yet patients unable to tolerate the cardiovascular stress of arterial surgery or those with unreconstructable disease would benefit from grafts that are able to induce therapeutic angiogenesis. Here, we introduce an approach whereby implantation of 3D-printed grafts containing endothelial-cell-lined lumens induces spontaneous, geometrically guided generation of collateral circulation in ischaemic settings. In rodent models of hind-limb ischaemia and myocardial infarction, we demonstrate that the vascular patches rescue perfusion of distal tissues, preventing capillary loss, muscle atrophy and loss of function. Inhibiting anastomoses between the construct and the host’s local capillary beds, or implanting constructs with unpatterned endothelial cells, abrogates reperfusion. Our 3D-printed grafts constitute an efficient and scalable approach to engineer vascular patches able to guide rapid therapeutic angiogenesis and perfusion for the treatment of ischaemic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mirabella
- Department of Bioengineering and the Biological Design Center, Boston University; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - J W MacArthur
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - D Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering and the Biological Design Center, Boston University; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
| | - C K Ozaki
- Department of Surgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Y J Woo
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - M Yang
- Innolign Biomedical, Boston, MA
| | - C S Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and the Biological Design Center, Boston University; The Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, MA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the clinical implications of cysteine-rich angiogenic inducer 61 (CYR61) in Graves' orbitopathy (GO). METHODS Sera from 52 GO patients, 23 Graves' disease (GD) patients, and 20 healthy controls, and orbital fat tissue samples from 12 of 52 GO patients and 8 control subjects were included for analysis. Concentrations of CYR61 were measured from sera with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and CYR61 mRNA expression levels were evaluated from orbital fat tissue with polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS Serum CYR61 levels were higher in GO patients than in controls (p = 0.001). Patients with active GO showed higher CYR61 levels than those with inactive GO (p < 0.001) or GD (p = 0.004). Expression of CYR61 mRNA was 7.4-fold higher in patients with GO than in healthy controls (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS CYR61 could be an adjuvant biomarker associated with the inflammatory activity of GO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Woo
- a Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Yuri Seo
- a Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jin Joo Kim
- a Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- a Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Yil Park
- b Department of Plastic Surgery, Yonsei First Plastic Surgery Clinic , Seoul , South Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- a Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology , Yonsei University College of Medicine , Seoul , South Korea
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Woo YJ, Kim CY, Sgrignoli B, Yoon JS. Orbital Lymphangioma: Characteristics and Treatment Outcomes of 12 Cases. Korean J Ophthalmol 2017; 31:194-201. [PMID: 28534344 PMCID: PMC5469922 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2016.0034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To report the patient characteristics and treatment outcomes in 12 cases of orbital lymphangioma. METHODS In this study, orbital lymphangioma was diagnosed based on clinical, radiologic (computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging), and histologic findings when possible. Patients whose vision was not compromised by orbital lymphangioma, or that did not have increased intraocular pressure (IOP), received oral corticosteroids. Orbital lymphangioma that affected vision or increased IOP was treated by surgery, which included aspiration of blood or partial resection with or without injection of a sclerosant. RESULTS Four patients without compromised vision responded well to oral corticosteroids. Eight patients with compromised vision underwent some form of surgery. Bleeding recurred in three patients after aspiration of blood and in two after partial resection and intralesional injection of a sclerosant. Overall, five patients were treated successfully by aspiration of blood, intralesional injection of a sclerosant, and application of continuous negative pressure by appropriate drainage. Partial resection was successful in two patients with organized hematoma. CONCLUSIONS Orbital lymphangioma that does not compromise vision can be treated medically using oral corticosteroids. Patients with threatened vision or elevated IOP due to acute hemorrhage should be treated by aspiration of blood, intralesional injection of a sclerosant, and application of continuous negative pressure. Partial resection may be effective only in patients with organized hematoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Woo
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Yeom Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bradford Sgrignoli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Saint John's Episcopal Hospital, Far Rockaway, NY, USA
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
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Woo YJ, Yoon JS. Changes in pupillary distance after fat versus bony orbital decompression in Graves’ orbitopathy. Can J Ophthalmol 2017; 52:186-191. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjo.2016.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Teo L, Woo YJ, Kim DK, Kim CY, Yoon JS. Surgical Outcomes of Porcine Acellular Dermis Graft in Anophthalmic Socket: Comparison with Oral Mucosa Graft. Korean J Ophthalmol 2017; 31:9-15. [PMID: 28243018 PMCID: PMC5327181 DOI: 10.3341/kjo.2017.31.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose We describe our experience with the Permacol graft in anophthalmic socket reconstruction, and compare it to the autologous buccal mucosal graft, emphasizing the postoperative vascularization and contraction of each graft. Methods This was a retrospective comparative study. We measured the time necessary for the graft surface to be completely vascularized, as well as the fornix depth of the conjunctival sac in anophthalmic patients. Results Ten patients underwent Permacol graft reconstruction, with 44 undergoing buccal mucosal graft reconstruction. Seven eyelids (70%) in the Permacol group had a good outcome, with improvement in lower eyelid position and prosthesis retention. Nine out of 10 eyelids (90%) in this group showed complete vascularization of the graft at 2.6 ± 1.9 months postoperatively, while the grafted buccal mucosa was fully vascularized at 1.1 ± 0.3 months postoperatively (p < 0.01). Postoperative fornix depth in the Permacol group was 9.1 ± 2.2 mm, compared to 14.9 ± 4.5 mm in the buccal mucosal graft group (p < 0.01). Mean increases in fornix depth were 33.1% and 67.9% of the mean vertical length of the implanted graft. Conclusions The Permacol graft can be useful as spacer graft material in anophthalmic socket patients. It takes longer to vascularize, and undergoes greater graft shrinkage with time, compared to the buccal mucosal graft.
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Affiliation(s)
- Livia Teo
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.; Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Young Jun Woo
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong Kyu Kim
- Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Yeom Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Woo YJ, Kim JW, Yoon JS. Preoperative clinical features of reactivated of Graves' orbitopathy after orbital decompression. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:643-649. [PMID: 28060361 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2016.304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2016] [Accepted: 11/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PurposeTo investigate the incidence and preoperative clinical features of reactivated Graves' orbitopathy (GO) after orbital decompression.MethodsThis study included patients with GO who underwent orbital decompression for disfiguring proptosis and not compressive optic neuropathy and received postoperative follow-up care for more than 12 months. Patients who experienced active inflammatory signs within 6 months of decompression were excluded from analysis. The demographic characteristics, ophthalmic manifestations, and biochemical parameters of the patients were analyzed for association with reactivation of GO by logistic regression analysis.ResultsOut of the 92 patients included in this study, seven (7.6%) experienced reactivation of GO after orbital decompression. The mean time interval between surgery and reactivation of GO was 36.3±14.3 weeks. Univariate logistic regression analysis identified age, existing smoking habits, and modified NOSPECS and Gorman scores as significant factors for the reactivation of GO. The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that smoking and modified NOSPECS and Gorman scores were associated with the reactivation of GO.ConclusionsQuitting smoking is important for the prevention of reactivation of GO after orbital decompression. Patients with severe symptoms, especially those with restrictive myopathy, should be carefully monitored for reactivation of GO after orbital decompression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Woo
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J W Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J S Yoon
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Abstract
The aim of this study is to describe characteristics of Graves' orbitopathy (GO) patients with progressive diplopia and to consider whether modified clinical activity score (CAS) is a useful indicator for prediction of diplopia progression. Medical records and images of GO patients with progressive diplopia were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical parameters (e.g., modified CAS, modified NOSPECS score, exophthalmometry results, score of diplopia, and prevalence of optic neuropathy) were evaluated. Thyroid stimulating hormone receptor autoantibody (TRAb) values were determined. Maximum recti muscle diameters and extraocular muscle (EOM) indices were evaluated. Sixty-three of the 435 GO patients had progressive diplopia; 44.4% (28/63) of these patients had a low CAS (<3). The subgroup analysis (by modified CAS, group 1: CAS<3, group 2: CAS≥3) revealed that the mean modified NOSPECS score and exophthalmos value were significantly higher in group 2 (7.2, 19.1 mm) compared with group 1 patients (5.5, 17.7 mm) (p<0.001, p=0.037, respectively). Score of diplopia, prevalence of optic neuropathy and the positive rate and level of TRAb were not significantly different between groups. There were no differences in maximum recti muscle diameters or EOM indices between the two groups. Diplopia may progress even in patients with a low modified CAS. CAS may not reflect the inflammatory activity of myopathy, especially in mild to moderate GO with low NOSPECS and exophthalmos values. Careful patient follow-up using subjective and objective measures for diplopia should be performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Kim
- Institute of Vision Research, Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Kim JW, Lee KH, Woo YJ, Kim J, Keum KC, Yoon JS. The Effect of Systemic Steroids and Orbital Radiation for Active Graves Orbitopathy on Postdecompression Extraocular Muscle Volume. Am J Ophthalmol 2016; 171:11-17. [PMID: 27542927 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Revised: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of orbital radiation prior to surgery on the clinical course and extraocular muscle (EOM) radiologic volume changes after decompression in Graves orbitopathy (GO). DESIGN Retrospective, interventional case series. METHODS The medical records of patients treated with orbital decompression for GO and who underwent postoperative orbital computed tomography were reviewed. Only patients who underwent rehabilitative decompression in the inactive phase and who received systemic corticosteroids alone (ST group) or combined orbital radiation and systemic corticosteroids (SRT group) in the active inflammatory phase of the disease were selected. The main outcome measure was the comparison of preoperative and postoperative EOM volumes. Secondary outcome measures were changes in proptosis and diplopia after decompression. RESULTS Thirty-seven of 114 patients were selected for this study. There were no differences between the ST group (n = 22, 42 eyes) and SRT group (n = 15, 30 eyes) in terms of demographics or predecompression characteristics. After decompression surgery, the total EOM volume significantly increased by 15% in the ST group, but radiated EOMs in the SRT group did not expand, resulting in decreased induction of postoperative diplopia. The percentages of patients showing increased diplopia after decompression differed significantly between the groups (ST group, 40.9% vs SRT group, 13.3%, P = .04). However, there was no difference in exophthalmos reduction after decompression between the 2 groups. CONCLUSIONS Orbital radiation prior to orbital decompression can reduce both the postoperative increase in EOM volume and deterioration in diplopia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Won Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ka Hyun Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, KonYang University College of Medicine, Daejon, South Korea
| | - Young Jun Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jinna Kim
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ki Chang Keum
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Yonsei Cancer Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim YS, Jeong KH, Kim JE, Woo YJ, Kim BJ, Kang H. Repeated Microneedle Stimulation Induces Enhanced Hair Growth in a Murine Model. Ann Dermatol 2016; 28:586-592. [PMID: 27746638 PMCID: PMC5064188 DOI: 10.5021/ad.2016.28.5.586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microneedle is a method that creates transdermal microchannels across the stratum corneum barrier layer of skin. No previous study showed a therapeutic effect of microneedle itself on hair growth by wounding. Objective The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of repeated microwound formed by microneedle on hair growth and hair growth-related genes in a murine model. Methods A disk microneedle roller was applied to each group of mice five times a week for three weeks. First, to identify the optimal length and cycle, microneedles of lengths of 0.15 mm, 0.25 mm, 0.5 mm, and 1 mm and cycles of 3, 6, 10, and 13 cycles were applied. Second, the effect of hair growth and hair-growth-related genes such as Wnt3a, β-catenin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and Wnt10b was observed using optimized microneedle. Outcomes were observed using visual inspection, real-time polymerase chain reaction, and immunohistochemistry. Results We found that the optimal length and cycle of microneedle treatment on hair growth was 0.25 mm/10 cycles and 0.5 mm/10 cycles. Repeated microneedle stimulation promoted hair growth, and it also induced the enhanced expression of Wnt3a, β-catenin, VEGF, and Wnt10b. Conclusion Our study provides evidence that microneedle stimulation can induce hair growth via activation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and VEGF. Combined with the drug delivery effect, we believe that microneedle stimulation could lead to new approaches for alopecia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Seob Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kwan Ho Jeong
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Eun Kim
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Jun Woo
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Beom Joon Kim
- Department of Dermatology, Chung-Ang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kang
- Department of Dermatology, St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Woo YJ, Kim JW, Yoon JS. Clinical implications of serum IgG 4 levels in patients with IgG 4-related ophthalmic disease. Br J Ophthalmol 2016; 101:256-260. [PMID: 27215743 DOI: 10.1136/bjophthalmol-2016-308592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The present study aimed to investigate the clinical implications of serum IgG4 levels in patients with IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (ROD). METHODS The medical records of 31 patients who met the diagnostic criteria for IgG4-ROD were retrospectively reviewed. Twenty-five patients whose serum IgG4 levels could be identified were included. Clinical manifestations and serum IgG4 levels before and after corticosteroid treatment were obtained. Factors associated with relapse were evaluated by comparing the features of patients with disease relapse with those of patients without relapse. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were 'definite' and one was 'probable' for IgG4-ROD according to the diagnostic criteria. Serum IgG4 levels were higher in patients with systemic involvement (p=0.046). All patients improved clinically after corticosteroid treatment. Serum IgG4 levels decreased after steroid treatment (p=0.005) and normalised in nine patients. In cases of relapse, serum IgG4 levels increased along with the aggravation of symptoms (p=0.047). Serum IgG4 levels that were still elevated (≥135 mg/dL) after steroid treatment (p=0.034) and cessation of steroid treatment during disease remission (p=0.043) were predictive factors for IgG4-ROD relapse. CONCLUSIONS Serum IgG4 level can be considered an adjunctive marker for treatment response in IgG4-ROD. Patients with serum IgG4 levels that remain elevated after steroid treatment should be carefully observed for relapse. A continuing maintenance dose of oral steroid is recommended to prevent relapse, even when clinical remission is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ji Won Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin Sook Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ji Eob Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Rah
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Jong Hyuck Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Woo YJ, Lee YH, Yoon IN. A Case Report of Bilateral Retinal Racemose Hemangioma Restricted to Peripapillary Area. J Korean Ophthalmol Soc 2011. [DOI: 10.3341/jkos.2011.52.11.1381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Young Jun Woo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Yoon Ha Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Ie Na Yoon
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wonju Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
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Abstract
An edge preserving image compression algorithm based on an unsupervised competitive neural network is proposed. The proposed neural network, the called weighted centroid neural network (WCNN), utilizes the characteristics of image blocks from edge areas. The mean/residual vector quantization (M/RVQ) scheme is utilized in this proposed approach as the framework of the proposed algorithm. The edge strength of image block data is utilized as a tool to allocate the proper code vectors in the proposed WCNN. The WCNN successfully allocates more code vectors to the image block data from edge area while it allocates less code vectors to the image black data from shade or non-edge area when compared to conventional neural networks based on VQ algorithm. As a result, a simple application of WCNN to an image compression problem gives improved edge characteristics in reconstructed images over conventional neural network based on VQ algorithms such as self-organizing map (SOM) and adaptive SOM.
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Affiliation(s)
- D C Park
- Department of Information and Control Engineering, Myong Ji University, Korea
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20
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Grossi EA, Woo YJ, Schwartz CF, Gangahar DM, Subramanian VA, Patel N, Wudel J, DiGiorgi PL, Singh A, Davis RD. Comparison of Coapsys annuloplasty and internal reduction mitral annuloplasty in the randomized treatment of functional ischemic mitral regurgitation: impact on the left ventricle. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2006; 131:1095-8. [PMID: 16678595 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2005.11.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2005] [Revised: 11/08/2005] [Accepted: 11/29/2005] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Functional mitral regurgitation is associated with both annular and ventricular distortion. Aggressive reduction annuloplasty for functional mitral regurgitation acts primarily at the annulus, with variable impact on the left ventricle. The Coapsys device externally reshapes the left ventricle to correct functional mitral regurgitation. Left ventricular reshaping was analyzed in a randomized study. METHODS The RESTOR-MV study randomizes patients with coronary artery disease and functional mitral regurgitation to either reduction annuloplasty and coronary artery bypass grafting (the RA group) or Coapsys annuloplasty and bypass grafting (the CO group). The Coapsys device consists of epicardial pads connected by a cord. It was placed without cardiopulmonary bypass under echocardiographic guidance and sized to reduce annular dimension and improve leaflet coaptation. Internal reduction annuloplasty was performed by device placement. Intraoperative transesophageal echocardiograms were analyzed in 7 patients having reduction annuloplasty and 7 having Coapsys annuloplasty. RESULTS Baseline mitral regurgitation (0-4 scale) was similar for the RA (3.0 +/- 0.6) and the CO groups (3.0 +/- 0.6). Intraoperative mitral regurgitation was reduced from 2.86 +/- 0.7 to 0.5 +/- 0.7 (P < .01 pre vs post) for the RA group and from 2.64 +/- 0.9 to 05 +/- 0.7 (P < .01 pre vs post) for the CO group. Annular anteroposterior diameter was reduced with both techniques: RA, 3.45 +/- 0.39 to 2.34 +/- 0.37 cm (P < .01 pre vs post); CO, 3.40 +/- 0.27 to 2.85 +/- 0.34 cm (P < .05 pre vs post). Long-axis dimensions were unchanged with both techniques. Short-axis dimensions measured at three levels were significantly reduced only in the CO patients: basal diameter 4.77 +/- 0.58 to 3.58 +/- 0.38 cm (P < .01 pre vs post); mid diameter 4.88 +/- 0.55 to 3.57 +/- 0.43 cm (P < .01 pre vs post); and apical diameter 4.39 +/- 0.46 to 3.38 +/- 0.34 cm (P < .01 pre vs post). CONCLUSIONS Coapsys and reduction annuloplasty techniques both acutely reduce functional mitral regurgitation and annular dimension. The Coapsys device provided significantly greater left ventricular reshaping than did reduction annuloplasty. Further evaluation will assess the long-term valvular function and ventricular geometric stability associated with both techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Grossi
- New York University School of Medicine and Veterans Administration NY Harbor Healthcare System, New York, NY, USA.
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21
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Woo YJ, Grand TJ, Zentko S, Cohen JE, Hsu V, Atluri P, Berry MF, Taylor MD, Moise MA, Fisher O, Kolakowski S. Creatine phosphate administration preserves myocardial function in a model of off-pump coronary revascularization. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 2005; 46:297-305. [PMID: 15956929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
AIM Off pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCAB) involves, and is occasionally impaired by obligatory regional myocardial ischemia, particularly with the use of proximal coronary in-flow occlusion techniques. Intracoronary shunts do not guarantee absence of distal ischemia given their small inner diameter and the presence of proximal coronary stenosis. Additional adjunctive measures to provide short-term myocardial protection may facilitate OPCAB. High-energy phosphate supplementation with creatine phosphate prior to ischemia may attenuate ischemic dysfunction. METHODS In a rodent model of a transient coronary occlusion and myocardial ischemia, 36 animals underwent preischemic intravenous infusion of either creatine phosphate or saline, 10 minutes of proximal left anterior descending (LAD) occlusion, and 10 minutes of reperfusion. Rats underwent continuous intracavitary pressure monitoring and cellular ATP levels were quantified using a luciferin/luciferase bioluminescence assay. RESULTS Within 2 minutes of ischemia onset, creatine phosphate animals exhibited statistically significant greater preservation of myocardial function compared to controls, an augmentation which persisted throughout the duration of ischemia and subsequent reperfusion. Furthermore, significantly greater cellular ATP levels were observed among creatine phosphate treated animals (344+/-55 nMol/g tissue, n=5) compared to control animals (160+/-9 nMol/g tissue, n=5)(p=0.014). CONCLUSIONS A strategy of intravenous high-energy phosphate administration successfully prevented ischemic ventricular dysfunction in a rodent model of OPCAB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Woo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Following kainate (KA)-induced epilepsy, rat hippocampal neurons strongly express immediate early gene (IEG) products, i.e., c-FOS and c-JUN, and neural stress protein, HSP72. Prolonged expression of c-JUN and c-FOS 48 hr after cerebral ischemia has been underwent delayed neuronal death. However, it is not yet clear whether IEGs actually assume the essential roles in the cell death process or simply as a by-product due to external stimuli because of the prolonged expression of c-FOS, more than one week, on intact CA2 neurons of the hippocampus in a KA-induced epilepsy model. This study investigated the relationships between prolonged expression of c-JUN and hippocampal neuronal apoptosis in a KA-induced epilepsy model. Epileptic seizure was induced in rats by a single microinjection of KA (1 microgram/microL) into the left amygdala. Characteristic seizures and hippocampal neuronal injury were developed. The expression of c-JUN was evaluated by immunohistochemistry, and neuronal apoptosis by in situ end labeling. The seizures were associated with c-JUN expression in the hippocampal neurons, of which the level showed a positive correlation with that of apoptosis. Losses of hippocampal neurons, especially in the CA3 region, were partly caused by apoptotic cell death via a c-JUN-mediated signaling pathway. This is thought to be an important component in the pathogenesis of hippocampal neuronal injury via KA-induced epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea.
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23
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Abstract
This study investigated calcium/calmodulin kinase II (CaMKII) activity related to long-standing neuronal injury of the hippocampus in kainate (KA)-induced experimental temporal lobe epilepsy. Epileptic seizure was induced by injection of KA (1 microg/microL) dissolved in phosphate buffer (0.1 M, pH 7.4) into the left amygdala. Clinical seizures, histopathologic changes and CaMKII activity of the hippocampus were evaluated. Characteristic early limbic and late seizures were developed. Hippocampal CaMKII activity increased significantly 4 and 8 weeks after intra-amygdaloid injection of KA, when late seizures developed. The histopathologic changes of the hippocampus included swelling of neuronal cytoplasm with nuclear pyknosis and loss of neurons in CA3 during this period. The increased activity of CaMKII may correlate with appearance of distant damage in the hippocampus. The above results indicate that intra-amygdaloid injection of KA produces excitatory signals for ipsilateral CA3 neurons in the hippocampus and that subsequently increased levels of CaMKII in postsynaptic neurons induce neuronal injury via phosphorylation of N-methyl-D-aspartate type glutamate receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Kwangju, Korea.
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Chun YS, Woo YJ, Row J. Use of bonded power arms for interdental space closure. J Clin Orthod 2001; 35:539-43. [PMID: 11665547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chun
- Department of Orthodontics, Ewha Womans University, Tongdaemun Hospital, #70, Chongro 6-ka, Chongro-ku, Seoul 110-126, Korea.
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Lee MC, Kim GM, Woo YJ, Kim MK, Kim JH, Nam SC, Suh JJ, Chung WK, Lee JS, Kim HI, Choi HY, Kim SU. Pathogenic significance of neuronal migration disorders in temporal lobe epilepsy. Hum Pathol 2001; 32:643-8. [PMID: 11431720 DOI: 10.1053/hupa.2001.24997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
To assess the epileptogenic lesions, a series of 202 cases with temporal lobectomy were analyzed histopathologically. The severity of hippocampal neuronal loss in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy was quantitatively analyzed and compared against autopsy controls of patients who died of nonneurologic disorders. For the histopathologic diagnosis of neuronal migration disorder (NMD), immunohistochemical stains for neurofilament protein (NF-M/H) and microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) and Bielschowsky silver stains were routinely performed. Histopathology of NMD was classified by the 4-grade system. MAP2 immunoreactivity was useful in the identification of loss of normal polarization of dendrites in the abnormal neurons. NF-M/H immunohistochemistry and silver stains effectively labeled microscopic or occult lesions of NMD (grade II and III). Ammon hom sclerosis (AHS) was identified in 73.3% and NMD in 57.9%. There was more than 50% neuronal cell loss in 82.8% of AHS, and variable degrees of cell loss were observed in the dual-pathology groups. The frequency of dual pathology (both AHS and NMD) was 65.0% and showed relatively equal distributions in grades I, II, III, whereas the pure NMD group were classified predominantly as grades II and III. NMD might be a basic pathogenic substrate causing temporal lobe epilepsy. The dual pathology may indicate the presence of epileptogenic lesions in the neocortical and temporolimbic areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Lee
- Department of Pathology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea
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Lee JH, Jeong YK, Kim DH, Go BK, Woo YJ, Ham SY, Yang SO. Two-phase helical CT for detection of early gastric carcinoma: importance of the mucosal phase for analysis of the abnormal mucosal layer. J Comput Assist Tomogr 2000; 24:777-82. [PMID: 11045702 DOI: 10.1097/00004728-200009000-00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the efficacy of two-phase dynamic helical computed tomography (CT), including the gastric mucosal phase, for detection of early gastric carcinoma with typical hyperattenuating and atypical nonhyperattenuating enhancement patterns. METHOD Two-phase helical CT scanning was performed using the water-filling method as negative oral contrast material for 212 patients with proven adenocarcinoma on endoscopic biopsy. Two gastrointestinal radiologists prospectively analyzed the focal alterations of the inner hyperattenuating mucosal layer and the outer hypoattenuating layer before the information obtained at barium study and pathologic examination was available. The first, so-called mucosal phase was obtained at 38-45 seconds after the start of intravenous injection of contrast material for a total of 150 ml/sec at a rate of 4 ml/sec to obtain maximum enhancement of the inner mucosal layer. The second delayed phase was obtained at 3 minutes. RESULTS Fifty-four cases of early gastric cancer were suspected on two-phase helical CT preoperatively. Postoperatively, 49 cases of early gastric cancer were pathologically confirmed. The detection rate for the typical hyperattenuating early gastric cancer, that is the type I enhancement pattern defined as the localized thickening of the inner hyperattenuating layer, using two-phase helical CT was 18% (9/49 patients). The type 2 enhancement pattern, defined as the focal interruption of the inner hyperattenuating mucosal layer without abnormal enhancement of the outer hypoattenuating layer on the mucosal phase, was seen in 15 cases. These were pathologically confirmed as early gastric cancer IIb + IIc (three patients), IIc (four patients), IIc + IIa (one patient), IIc + III (three patients), IIb + IIc (one patient), and advanced cancer (T2) lesions (three patients). The type 3 enhancement pattern was defined as the focal polypoid protrusion of the inner hyperattenuating layer without abnormal enhancement of the outer thickened hypoattenuating layer on the mucosal phase, and was seen in seven patients who were pathologically confirmed with early gastric cancer IIb + IIc (three patients), IIc + IIa (one patient), and IIc + lIb (three patients). The lesions became less distinct on the delayed phase. Five T2 advanced gastric cancers were falsely interpreted as early gastric cancer. The detection rate for early gastric cancer after considering type 2 and 3 atypical enhancement patterns was increased to 57% (28/49 patients). CONCLUSION Helical CT with two-phase scan including the mucosal phase was efficient for identifying the enhancement patterns of early gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Ulsan University Hospital, Korea.
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Abstract
Congenital insensitivity to pain with anhidrosis (CIPA) is a very rare genetic disorder of the peripheral nervous system characterized by recurrent episodes of unexplained fever, generalized anhidrosis, insensitivity to pain and temperature, and accompanied by self-mutilating behavior and mental retardation. We report on a 16 month-old boy with CIPA who exhibited these characteristic clinical features. A sural nerve biopsy revealed markedly reduced numbers of unmyelinated and small myelinated fibers, consistent with the characteristic features of CIPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, Chonnam National University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea.
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28
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Abstract
An efficient cardiac gene transfer technique in murine models would greatly facilitate the elucidation of the pathophysiology of cardiomyopathies and the development of genetic therapies. Direct myocardial injection or catheter-based intracoronary infusion is not easily achievable in mice and resultant transgene expression is often limited in distribution. A replication-defective, recombinant adenovirus encoding luciferase (5x10(9)pfu) or lacZ (4-5x10(10)particles/animal) was injected percutaneously into the pericardial cavity of 4-5 day old mice. Chemiluminescence assay for luciferase activity at 3 days post-injection revealed the highest activity in the heart (heart=288+/-110, lungs=19+/-5, liver=11+/-5 ng/gm tissue, n=11). X-gal staining of cryostat sections demonstrated widespread transmural lacZ expression in the left ventricle, interventricular septum, right ventricle, and atrial appendages, and the average fractional area of X-gal staining in a left ventricle was 66+/-16% (range 40-92%, n=21 sections). However, the long-term survival of these mice was compromised. Reduction in the injectate volume by 50% significantly improved survival but concurrently reduced lacZ expression. Significant lacZ expression was observed in the right ventricle and interventricular septum but left ventricular expression was predominantly epicardial, with variable myocardial penetration. At 2 months post-injection, lacZ expression persisted only in atrial tissues, pulmonary veins, and great vessels. Despite lack of persistent transgene expression in ventricular tissues, the high degree of transgene expression achieved may be sufficient to allow evaluation of short-term effects of specific genetic manipulations in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6100, USA
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Woo YJ, Zhang JC, Vijayasarathy C, Zwacka RM, Englehardt JF, Gardner TJ, Sweeney HL. Recombinant adenovirus-mediated cardiac gene transfer of superoxide dismutase and catalase attenuates postischemic contractile dysfunction. Circulation 1998; 98:II255-60; discussion II260-1. [PMID: 9852911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coronary revascularization entails obligatory myocardial ischemia followed by reperfusion with occasional resultant postischemic contractile dysfunction, a state associated with significant morbidity and mortality. This injury is attributed in part to oxygen free radicals and has been partially ameliorated with exogenous antioxidants, a strategy limited by agent instability, low titer, and inadequate cardiomyocyte uptake. Cardiac gene transfer with antioxidant encoding vectors may significantly enhance intracellular free radical scavenger activity. METHODS AND RESULTS C57/BL6 neonatal mice (age, 2 days; n = 131) underwent intrapericardial delivery of recombinant adenoviruses encoding superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (Cat) (n = 76) or beta-galactosidase (LacZ) as a control (n = 55). After 3 days, hearts were explanted, and SOD and Cat transgene expression was detected by Western blot analysis. Spectrophotometric enzyme assays demonstrated enhanced SOD activity 1.6-fold (P < 0.0001) and Cat 3.6-fold (P < 0.00001) in experimental versus LacZ hearts. Isolated perfused hearts were subjected to 5 minutes of warm ischemia, and at 5, 10, and 15 minutes after initiation of reperfusion, LacZ controls lost 24%, 33%, and 41% of peak systolic apicobasal force, respectively, whereas experimental hearts lost 5%, 12%, and 20% (P < 0.001, each time point). In controls, rate of force generation diminished 8%, 17%, and 35%; in experimental hearts, it increased 1% at 5 minutes and decreased 5% and 15% and 10 and 15 minutes (P < 0.01, P < 0.05, P < 0.05). LacZ hearts exhibited dysfunction similar to hearts from uninjected animals (P = NS, each time point). CONCLUSIONS Adenovirus-mediated cardiac gene transfer and expression of SOD and Cat augment antioxidant enzyme activity and minimize contractile dysfunction after ischemic reperfusion in the isolated perfused neonatal mouse heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Woo
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
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Ko BK, Cho HR, Choi DW, Nam CW, Park CJ, Kim GY, Kim SS, Woo YJ, Huh J, Kim MY. Reduced expression of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase in nodal metastasis of stomach cancer. J Korean Med Sci 1998; 13:286-90. [PMID: 9681807 PMCID: PMC3054496 DOI: 10.3346/jkms.1998.13.3.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) have been associated with tumor cell invasion and metastasis of human cancers by mediating the degradation of extracellular matrix components. Therefore, these enzymes and their inhibitor (TIMP-2) constitute promising targets in the development of anticancer therapies. In order to investigate the correlation between expressions of TIMP-2, MMPs and clinical outcome, immunohistochemical staining of MMP-2, MMP-9, and TIMP-2 were performed on paraffin-embedded tissue sections of 15 early gastric cancers (EGC) and 15 advanced gastric carcinomas (AGC) without nodal metastasis and 15 AGC with nodal metastasis (AGCn+). MMP-2 and MMP-9 were expressed in neoplastic cell plasma membrane in 83.3% and 88% of cases of AGC, respectively with inter-tumoral variability of staining intensity. MMP-2 and MMP-9 staining were not correlated with presence of nodal metastasis or degree of invasion depth at the time of diagnosis (p>0.05). The immunoreactivity of TIMP-2 was detected in the peri-tumoral stroma. Residual benign stomach tissue showed no or weak immunoreactivity for TIMP-2 staining. Among AGC, neoplasms with diffuse and strong TIMP-2 staining have less frequent metastasis (28.6%) than cases with focal and weak (68.8%) (p<0.05). Early gastric cancer revealed diffuse and strong TIMP-2 expressions. We conclude that clinical outcome such as depth of invasion or metastasis is more closely related to the expression of TIMP-2 than the corresponding MMPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- B K Ko
- Department of General Surgery, University of Ulsan Hospital, Korea
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Abstract
BACKGROUND The relationship among the maternal, placental, and uniquely shunted embryonic circulation was explored to provide access to the embryonic cardiovascular system in utero. Manipulation of gene expression in the developing heart would be particularly useful for studying the effects of altered gene expression on cardiac development and in the etiology of congenital cardiac anomalies. METHODS AND RESULTS Dye studies demonstrated that intraplacental injection allows direct access to the embryonic cardiac and systemic circulation. To evaluate the efficacy of cardiac gene transfer using this approach, replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vectors encoding luciferase or beta-galactosidase as reporter genes were injected intraplacentally into embryonic day (E)12.5 murine embryos, an age at which the mass of the heart was observed to be large compared with other organs. Embryos were assayed for transgene expression at E15.5 and at birth. Survival rates at these times were similar among vector-injected and control groups. At E15.5 and at birth, luciferase activity within the heart was 9- and 23-fold higher, respectively, than in the remainder of the embryo, although levels of expression were generally lower at birth than during embryonic life. Beta-galactosidase expression was observed within all regions of the embryonic heart and was localized to approximately 15% of atrial and ventricular cells. CONCLUSIONS Intraplacental delivery of adenovirus at embryonic day 12.5 results in somatic gene transfer to the murine embryonic heart, which persists at least until birth. The combination of intraplacental injection to directly access the fetal coronary circulation and injection at E12.5 when the mass of the heart is large compared with other organs results in transgene expression in cardiac cells. Intraplacental injections early in embryonic life may thus be useful to study the effects of temporal manipulation of gene expression on cardiac development and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Woo
- Department of Surgery, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia 19104-6074, USA
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Abstract
Histologic changes suggesting HPV infection are occasionally found adjacent to squamous cell carcinoma or in squamous papilloma of the esophagus, but the relationship between HPV infection and benign and malignant squamous lesions of the esophagus is not yet dear. The aim of this study was to examine the role of HPV in squamous lesions of the esophagus. Microscopic examination with emphasis on HPV infection was done on 15 cases of squamous cell carcinoma and 26 cases of squamous papilloma. In situ hybridization technique for wide-spectrum HPV probe was performed on 35 endoscopically biopsied esophageal tissues. Among the histologic parameters suggesting HPV infection, acanthosis was the most frequent finding: 100.0% in benign and malignant esophageal lesions, and koilocytosis and intraepithelial capillary loops were the second (92.7%).: Dyskeratosis, basal cell hyperplasia and bi- or multinucleation were 52.3%, 44.0% and 34.1% in frequency, respectively. On in situ hybridization study, the HPV DNA expression rates of 10 squamous cell carcinomas with evidence of HPV infection and 15 carcinomas without evidence of HPV infection were 60.0% and 33.3%, respectively. In contrast to the carcinoma cases, only one (10.0%) of 10 squamous papillomas revealed positive signal. In conclusion, HPV infection is strongly associated with squamous cell carcinoma, but the causal relation of HPV to squamous papilloma is inconspicous.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Woo
- Department of Pathology, Hae-Sung Hospital, Jeonha-dong, Dongu, Ulsan, Korea
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Bavaria JE, Woo YJ, Hall RA, Wahl PM, Acker MA, Gardner TJ. Circulatory management with retrograde cerebral perfusion for acute type A aortic dissection. Circulation 1996; 94:II173-6. [PMID: 8901741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cerebral circulation during urgent repair of acute type A aortic dissection has traditionally been managed with cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross clamping proximal to the innominate artery or by the use of hypothermic circulatory arrest (HCA). The more recently introduced retrograde cerebral perfusion (RCP) may confer additional cerebral protection during elective aortic arch reconstruction. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the efficacy of RCP in the urgent repair of acute type A aortic dissection. METHODS AND RESULTS We evaluated 60 consecutive patients who underwent repair of acute type A aortic dissection over a 6-year period. Patients were grouped according to intraoperative circulatory management strategies. Group 1 consisted of 41 patients operated on early in the series who were managed by cardiopulmonary bypass and standard aortic cross clamping (n = 21) with conversion to HCA (n = 20) if the intimal tear extended into the aortic arch. Since 1993, 19 patients, who make up group 2, were managed with routine open distal anastomosis and HCA with RCP. Data were analyzed for clinically evident, radiographically confirmed cerebrovascular accidents and 60-day mortality and evaluated by chi 2 analysis. Stroke and mortality rates of patients managed with either cardiopulmonary bypass or HCA were 26.3% and 29.3%, respectively. Patients undergoing RCP experienced statistically significant reductions in rates of confirmed cerebrovascular accidents (0%, P = .015) and mortality (5.3%, P = .04). CONCLUSIONS We conclude that the introduction of circulatory management using RCP with HCA during urgent operative repair of acute type A aortic dissection has significantly improved both stroke and mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Bavaria
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, PA 19104, USA
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Bavaria JE, Woo YJ, Hall RA, Carpenter JP, Gardner TJ. Retrograde cerebral and distal aortic perfusion during ascending and thoracoabdominal aortic operations. Ann Thorac Surg 1995; 60:345-52; discussion 352-3. [PMID: 7646094 DOI: 10.1016/0003-4975(95)00447-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several alternative circulatory management techniques during thoracic aortic reconstruction have been implemented at this institution. This study was performed to assess whether retrograde cerebral perfusion during proximal aortic operations and distal aortic perfusion during thoracoabdominal aortic operations have improved outcomes. METHODS A retrospective review of 156 patients undergoing elective and emergent operations of the thoracic aorta over the past 7 years was performed. Seventy-five patients underwent proximal aortic procedures: 22 with ascending aneurysms, 45 with type A dissections, and 8 with arch reconstructions. Eighty-one patients underwent descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal procedures: 26 with Crawford type I aneurysms, 18 with type II, 8 with type III, 8 with type IV, 11 with traumatic transections, and 10 with type B dissections. Outcomes measured were neurologic injury, renal failure, and mortality. RESULTS For proximal aortic procedures, the stroke rate was 12% using cardiopulmonary bypass and 48% using hypothermic circulatory arrest. The addition of retrograde cerebral perfusion decreased the stroke rate to 0% (p < 0.01) and the mortality rate to 7.1% compared with 37% for hypothermic circulatory arrest (p < 0.05). For thoracic and thoracoabdominal aortic operations, straight cross-clamping resulted in a 27% rate of spinal cord injury and a 24% rate of renal failure, whereas the addition of distal aortic bypass resulted in a statistically significant reduction (p < 0.01) in neurologic injury to 7% and a notable, but not statistically significant, decrease in renal failure to 13%. Distal aortic bypass also reduced the mortality rate from 22% to 7% (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Retrograde cerebral perfusion decreases the stroke rate and mortality rate in proximal aortic operations and distal aortic perfusion decreases the rates of neurologic injury, renal failure, and mortality in thoracoabdominal aortic operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Bavaria
- Department of Surgery, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Hypertension is commonly associated with an endothelial dysfunction that may contribute to the rise in blood pressure. Little information has been available so far on the role of endothelium-derived nitric oxide(EDNO) in renin-dependent, 2-kidney, 1 clip(2KIC) hypertension. The present study was aimed to determine a role for EDNO in the development and maintenance of 2KIC hypertension. METHODS The effects of blocking synthesis or supplementation with precursor of EDNO on the development of hypertension were determined in 2KIC rats. Vascular responses to acetylcholine, nitroprusside, atrial natriuretic peptide and nifedipine were examined in 7- and 12-week hypertensive 2KIC rats. RESULTS NG-nitro-L-arginine-methyl ester caused a sustained increase of blood pressure in normal rats, while it was only partially associated with a more pronounced increase of blood pressure in the developmental phase of hypertension in 2KIC rats. In 7-week and 12-week hypertensive rats, phenylephrine-induced contraction of the isolated thoracic aortic rings was more sensitive compared with control. Their acetylcholine-induced relaxation was attenuated while the responses to nitroprusside or atrial natriuretic peptide were unaltered. Although their blood pressure did not differ between 7-week and 12-week hypertensive groups, the attenuation in the acetylcholine-induced relaxation was more prominent in the latter with a longer duration of hypertension. Indomethacin did not affect the attenuated relaxation to acetylcholine. The relaxation response to nifedipine was more pronounced in 2KIC rats. CONCLUSION These results indicate that ENDO has little influence of the 2KIC hypertension, at least during its developmental phase, which is associated with an activated reninangiotensin system. The chronic stage of 2KIC hypertension, however, is associated with an endothelial dysfunction which may contribute to the enhanced vasoconstriction and sustained high blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea
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Woo YJ, Chung HG, Jo KH. [A photoelastic study of the stress distribution in the surrounding tissues of the abutments of a fixed partial denture with tilted molar abutments]. Taehan Chikkwa Uisa Hyophoe Chi 1989; 27:49-60. [PMID: 2689541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the stress distributions to the abutments of a fixed partial denture with tilted molar abutments. In cases of the lower 1st molar being missing four 2-dimensional photoelastic models with 3- unit fixed partial dentures of which the 2nd molars were tilted 0 degrees, 10 degrees, 20 degrees and 30 degrees toward the 2nd premolar were made. A vertical load of 50 lbs was applied to the 1st and 2nd molar in each case. Two-dimensional photoelastic stress analysis was used, and the stress areas were recorded photographically. The results were as follows; 1. When the vertical load was applied to pontic and 2nd molar on the central fossae, the magnitude of stress distribution of the surrounding tissues of the root of the 2nd premolar was increased incrementally with increasing inclination. 2. Under two loading conditions, the stress distributions were directed to the long axis of the abutments. 3. In this experiment, no stress distributions were observed on the mesial area of the mesial root of the second molar.
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