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Koshida T, Gohda T, Sugimoto T, Asahara T, Asao R, Ohsawa I, Gotoh H, Murakoshi M, Suzuki Y, Yamashiro Y. Gut Microbiome and Microbiome-Derived Metabolites in Patients with End-Stage Kidney Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11456. [PMID: 37511232 PMCID: PMC10380578 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The composition of the gut microbiome is altered in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Dysbiosis leads to decreased levels of stool organic acids (OAs) and systemic inflammation, followed by accumulation of uremic toxins (UTs) and the development of end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). We assessed the relationship between the microbiome and UT levels or the development of ESKD by comparing patients undergoing hemodialysis (HD) and those with normal renal function (NRF). This cross-sectional study recruited 41 patients undergoing HD and 38 sex- and age-matched patients with NRF, and gut microbiome, levels of plasma UTs, inflammatory markers, and stool OAs were compared. The indices of beta-diversity differed significantly between patients with NRF and those undergoing HD, and between patients undergoing HD with and without type 2 diabetes. The levels of stool total OA, inflammatory markers, and UTs differed significantly between the patients with NRF and those undergoing HD. The combined main effects of type 2 diabetes and kidney function status were accumulation of indoxyl sulfate and p-cresyl sulfate. The relative abundances of Negativicutes and Megamonas were associated with development of ESKD and with the levels of UTs, even after adjustment for factors associated with the progression of ESKD. The present study indicates that the gut environment differs between patients with NRF and those undergoing HD and between patients undergoing HD with and without type 2 diabetes. Moreover, ESKD patients with diabetes accumulate more UTs derived from the gut microbiome, which might be associated with cardio-renal diseases and poor prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeo Koshida
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohito Gohda
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Sugimoto
- Yakult Central Institute, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., Kunitachi-shi 186-0012, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Asahara
- Yakult Central Institute, Yakult Honsha Co., Ltd., Kunitachi-shi 186-0012, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Rin Asao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiyu Soka Hospital, Soka-shi 340-0041, Saitama, Japan
| | - Isao Ohsawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiyu Soka Hospital, Soka-shi 340-0041, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiromichi Gotoh
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiyu Soka Hospital, Soka-shi 340-0041, Saitama, Japan
| | - Maki Murakoshi
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yusuke Suzuki
- Department of Nephrology, Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Bunkyo-ku 113-8421, Tokyo, Japan
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Takei H, Narushima S, Suzuki M, Kakiyama G, Sasaki T, Murai T, Yamashiro Y, Nittono H. Characterization of long-chain fatty acid-linked bile acids: a major conjugation form of 3β-hydroxy bile acids in feces. J Lipid Res 2022; 63:100275. [PMID: 36089004 PMCID: PMC9587409 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2022.100275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Although most bile acids (BAs) in feces are present in noncovalent forms that can be extracted with ethanol, non-negligible amounts of saponifiable BAs are also present. It is a major concern that such saponifiable BAs are routinely omitted from fecal BA measurements. We compared the BA profiles of healthy stools that were obtained with/without alkaline hydrolysis and found that as much as 29.7% (2.1–67.7%) of total BAs were saponifiable. Specifically, alkaline treatment led to significant elevations of isodeoxycholic acid (isoDCA) and isolithocholic acid (isoLCA) concentrations, suggesting that considerable proportions of isoDCA and isoLCA were esterified. Precursor ion scan data from LC/MS suggested the presence of long-chain FA-linked BAs. We chemically synthesized a series of fatty acid 3β-acyl conjugates of isoDCA and isoLCA as analytical standards and analyzed their fecal profiles from newborns to adults (n = 64) by LC/MS. FA-conjugated isobile acids (FA-isoBAs) were constantly present from 2 years of age to adulthood. C16- and C18-chain FA-isoBA esters were predominantly found regardless of age, but small amounts of acetic acid esters were also found. FA-isoBA concentrations were not correlated to fecal FA concentrations. Interestingly, there were some adults who did not have FA-isoBAs. Gut bacteria involved in the production of FA-isoBAs have not been identified yet. The present study provides insight into the establishment of early gut microbiota and the interactive development of esterified BAs.The contribution of FA-isoBAs to gut physiology and their role in pathophysiologic conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease are currently under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajime Takei
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, 2-1-24 Haramachi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0011, Japan.
| | - Seiko Narushima
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama City, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
| | - Mitsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, Faculty of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
| | - Genta Kakiyama
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Virginia Commonwealth University and McGuire VA Medical Center, 1201 Broad Rock Blvd, Richmond, VA 23249, USA
| | - Takahiro Sasaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tohbetsu-cho, Ishikari, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Murai
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, 1757 Kanazawa, Tohbetsu-cho, Ishikari, Hokkaido 061-0293, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 3rd floor, Hongo-Asakaze Bldg., 2-9-8 Hongo Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nittono
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, 2-1-24 Haramachi, Meguro-ku, Tokyo 152-0011, Japan
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Chiba I, Lee S, Bae S, Makino K, Katayama O, Harada K, Tomida K, Morikawa M, Yamashiro Y, Takayanagi N, Shimada H. Association of Daily Physical Activity with Disability in Community-Dwelling Older Adults With/Without Chronic Kidney Disease. J Nutr Health Aging 2022; 26:521-528. [PMID: 35587766 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-022-1790-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Physical activity is recommended for disability prevention in the older adult population; however, the level of physical activity required for older adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the associations between daily physical activity and disability incidence in older adults with and without CKD to determine relevant daily physical activity levels. DESIGN Prospective observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 3,786 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years. MEASUREMENTS Mean daily times spent in light- (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) were measured using triaxial accelerometers. CKD was defined by a creatinine estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) <60 mL/min/1.73 m2. Disability incidence was identified as long-term care insurance certification during a 60-month follow-up period. Associations between physical activity and disability incidence were examined using Cox proportional hazard models stratified by the CKD status. Non-linear and linear associations were tested using the restricted cubic spline. RESULTS A total of 1,054 individuals were identified to have CKD. Disability incidence was higher in the CKD group than in the non-CKD group. The adjusted cox proportional hazard models indicated that a 10-minute increase in MVPA time was associated with lower disability incidence in the non-CKD group (hazard ratio [HR], 0.838; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.764-0.918) and the CKD group (HR, 0.859; 95% CI: 0.766-0.960). Linear associations were observed in MVPA for the non-CKD and CKD groups. CONCLUSION Increasing MVPA was associated with lower disability incidence in older adults with and without CKD. These findings can help devise disability prevention strategies for older CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Chiba
- Ippei Chiba, Department of Preventive Gerontology, Centre for Gerontology and Social Science, National Centre for Geriatrics and Gerontology, 7-430, Morioka-cho, Obu, City, Aichi 474-8511, Japan, E-mail: ; Tel.: +81-562-44-5651
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Shimizu H, Arai K, Asahara T, Takahashi T, Tsuji H, Matsumoto S, Takeuchi I, Kyodo R, Yamashiro Y. Stool preparation under anaerobic conditions contributes to retention of obligate anaerobes: potential improvement for fecal microbiota transplantation. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:275. [PMID: 34627158 PMCID: PMC8501685 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02325-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in patients with ulcerative colitis has shown variable efficacy depending on the protocol used. A previous randomized controlled trial reported that anaerobic preparation of donor stool contributes to improved efficacy. Despite the suggestion that viable obligate anaerobes would be decreased through aerobic handling, there have been only a limited number of reports on how these aerobic or anaerobic procedures affect the composition of viable microbiota in the fecal slurries used for FMT. METHODS We adopted 16S and 23S rRNA-targeted reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction to quantify viable bacteria in fecal slurries. This study utilized specific primers designed to detect obligate anaerobes (including Clostridium coccoides group, C. leptum subgroup, Bacteroides fragilis group, Bifidobacterium, Atopobium cluster, and Prevotella) and facultative anaerobes (including total lactobacilli, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus). We then calculated the ratio change (RC) between before and after mixing, and compared the resulting values between anaerobic-prep and aerobic-prep in samples fixed immediately after blending (RCAn0 vs. RCAe0) and in samples maintained (under anaerobic or aerobic conditions) for 1 h after blending (RCAn1 vs. RCAe1). RESULTS For most obligate anaerobes, the median RC tended to be less than 1, indicating that the number of obligate anaerobes was decreased by the blending procedure. However, in samples maintained for 1 h after blending, anaerobic-prep counteracted the decrease otherwise seen for the C. coccoides group and B. fragilis groups (P < 0.01 for both). The C. leptum subgroup also tended to show higher RC by anaerobic-prep than by aerobic-prep, although this effect was not statistically significant. Among facultative anaerobes, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, and Staphylococcus showed median RC values of more than 1, indicating that these organisms survived and even grew after mixing. Moreover, oxygen exposure had no significant influence on the survival of the facultative anaerobes. CONCLUSIONS The conditions under which the blending procedure was performed affected the proportion of live anaerobes in fecal slurries. The obligate anaerobes tended to be decreased by blending processes, but anaerobic-prep significantly mitigated this effect. Anaerobic-prep may improve the efficacy of FMT by permitting the efficient transfer of obligate anaerobes to patients with ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirotaka Shimizu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Specialty, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan. .,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Katsuhiro Arai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Specialty, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Asahara
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsuji
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumoto
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan.,Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ichiro Takeuchi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Specialty, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Kyodo
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Medical Specialty, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Kanazawa A, Aida M, Yoshida Y, Kaga H, Katahira T, Suzuki L, Tamaki S, Sato J, Goto H, Azuma K, Shimizu T, Takahashi T, Yamashiro Y, Watada H. Effects of Synbiotic Supplementation on Chronic Inflammation and the Gut Microbiota in Obese Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Randomized Controlled Study. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020558. [PMID: 33567701 PMCID: PMC7914668 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of 24-week synbiotic supplementation on chronic inflammation and the gut microbiota in obese patients with type 2 diabetes. We randomized 88 obese patients with type 2 diabetes to one of two groups for 24 weeks: control or synbiotic (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei strain Shirota (previously Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota) and Bifidobacterium breve strain Yakult, and galactooligosaccharides). The primary endpoint was the change in interleukin-6 from baseline to 24 weeks. Secondary endpoints were evaluation of the gut microbiota in feces and blood, fecal organic acids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, lipopolysaccharide-binding protein, and glycemic control. Synbiotic administration for 24 weeks did not significantly affect changes in interleukin-6 from baseline to 24 weeks (0.35 ± 1.99 vs. −0.24 ± 1.75 pg/mL, respectively). Relative to baseline, however, at 24 weeks after synbiotic administration there were positive changes in the counts of Bifidobacterium and total lactobacilli, the relative abundances of Bifidobacterium species such as Bifidobacterium adolescentis and Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum, and the concentrations of acetic and butyric acids in feces. No significant changes in inflammatory markers were found in the synbiotic group compared to the control group. However, synbiotic administration at least partially improved the gut environment in obese patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akio Kanazawa
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-3-5802-1579
| | - Masanori Aida
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan; (M.A.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Yasuto Yoshida
- Food Research Department, Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan; (M.A.); (Y.Y.)
| | - Hideyoshi Kaga
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Takehiro Katahira
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Luka Suzuki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Shoko Tamaki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Junko Sato
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Hiromasa Goto
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Kosuke Azuma
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Tomoaki Shimizu
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology, 9052 Gent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium;
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan; (H.K.); (T.K.); (L.S.); (S.T.); (J.S.); (H.G.); (K.A.); (T.S.); (H.W.)
- Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
- Sportology Center, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan,
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Kurita N, Yamashiro K, Kuroki T, Tanaka R, Urabe T, Ueno Y, Miyamoto N, Takanashi M, Shimura H, Inaba T, Yamashiro Y, Nomoto K, Matsumoto S, Takahashi T, Tsuji H, Asahara T, Hattori N. Metabolic endotoxemia promotes neuroinflammation after focal cerebral ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2020; 40:2505-2520. [PMID: 31910709 PMCID: PMC7820690 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x19899577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a major component of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria and a potent inflammatory stimulus for the innate immune response via toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 activation. Type 2 diabetes is associated with changes in gut microbiota and impaired intestinal barrier functions, leading to translocation of microbiota-derived LPS into the circulatory system, a condition referred to as metabolic endotoxemia. We investigated the effects of metabolic endotoxemia after experimental stroke with transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in a murine model of type 2 diabetes (db/db) and phenotypically normal littermates (db/+). Compared to db/+ mice, db/db mice exhibited an altered gut microbial composition, increased intestinal permeability, and higher plasma LPS levels. In addition, db/db mice presented increased infarct volumes and higher expression levels of LPS, TLR4, and inflammatory cytokines in the ischemic brain, as well as more severe neurological impairments and reduced survival rates after MCAO. Oral administration of a non-absorbable antibiotic modulated the gut microbiota and improved metabolic endotoxemia and stroke outcomes in db/db mice; these effects were associated with reduction of LPS levels and neuroinflammation in the ischemic brain. These data suggest that targeting metabolic endotoxemia may be a novel potential therapeutic strategy to improve stroke outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naohide Kurita
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuo Yamashiro
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuma Kuroki
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Division of Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi Japan
| | - Takao Urabe
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobukazu Miyamoto
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Takanashi
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Shimura
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Toshiki Inaba
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumoto
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology ESV, Gent, Belgium
| | - Hirokazu Tsuji
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Asahara
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.,Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Zhang J, Cameron D, Quak SH, Kadim M, Mohan N, Ryoo E, Sandhu B, Yamashiro Y, Guarino A, Hoekstra H. Rates and determinants of antibiotics and probiotics prescription to children in Asia-Pacific countries. Benef Microbes 2020; 11:329-338. [PMID: 32506933 DOI: 10.3920/bm2019.0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Antibiotic therapy may have important side effects. Guidelines recommend the administration of specific probiotics to reduce the risk of antibiotic-associated diarrhoea (AAD). The rates and determinants of antibiotics and co-prescription of probiotics in children remain poorly known in Asia-Pacific countries, which are very heterogenous in terms of economic development, health care organization and health policies. A survey among general practitioners (GPs) and paediatricians was performed in seven countries of the Asia-Pacific area (Australia, Japan, Indonesia, India, China, Singapore, and South Korea). Physicians completed an online questionnaire that explored their current habits and the determinants for prescribing antibiotics and probiotics. For the 731 physicians who completed the questionnaire (390 paediatricians and 341 GPs), 37% of all consultations for a child led to the prescription of antibiotics (ranging from 17% in Australia to 47% in India). A large majority of physicians (84%) agreed that antibiotics disrupted gut microbiota and considered probiotics an effective intervention to prevent AAD (68%). However, only 33% co-prescribed probiotics with antibiotics (ranging from 13% in Japan to 60% in South Korea). The main reasons for prescribing probiotics were previous episodes of AAD (61%), presence of diarrhoea (55%), prolonged antibiotic treatment (54%) or amoxicillin-clavulanic acid therapy (54%). Although current local guidelines recommend the use of selected probiotics in children receiving antibiotics in Asia-Pacific area, the rates of antibiotics and probiotics prescription significantly vary among countries and are deeply affected by country-related cultural and organisational issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhang
- The Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, 3333 Binsheng Road, 310052 Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China P.R
| | - D Cameron
- Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Department of Gastroenterology, 50 Flemington Road, 3052 Parkville, Australia
| | - S H Quak
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 10 Medical Dr, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - M Kadim
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Indonesia, Department of Child Health, Jl Salemba Raya Mo 6, 10430 Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - N Mohan
- Center of Child Health, Department of Pediatrics, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, 110060 New Delhi, India
| | - E Ryoo
- Gachon University, Gil Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, 21, Namdong-daero 774 beon-gil, Namdong-gu, Incheon, 21565, South Korea
| | - B Sandhu
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Upper Maudlin St, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Yamashiro
- Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Probiotics Research Laboratory, 3rd floor, 2-9-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, 113-0033 Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Guarino
- University of Naples, Unit of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Via Sergio Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - H Hoekstra
- Hieronymus Bosch Teaching Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, H. Dunantstraat 1, 5223 GZ's-Hertogenbosch, the Netherlands
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Kubo Y, Fukuoka H, Kawabata T, Shoji K, Mori C, Sakurai K, Nishikawa M, Ohkubo T, Oshida K, Yanagisawa N, Yamashiro Y. Distribution of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolate and Folic Acid Levels in Maternal and Cord Blood Serum: Longitudinal Evaluation of Japanese Pregnant Women. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061633. [PMID: 32492914 PMCID: PMC7352618 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
“Total” folate in blood has usually been measured to evaluate the folate status of pregnant women. However, folate is composed of many metabolites. The main substrate is 5-methyltetrahydrofolate (5-MTHF), with folic acid (FA) representing a very small component as an unmetabolized species in blood. We longitudinally evaluated 5-MTHF, FA and total homocysteine in maternal and cord blood from Japanese pregnant women. Subjects were 146 pregnant women who participated in the Chiba study of Mother and Child Health (C-MACH) prospective cohort study. Sera were obtained in early and late pregnancy, at delivery, and from cord blood. Species levels were measured by isotope-dilution mass spectrometry. Both 5-MTHF and FA levels were lower than reported levels from pregnant women in populations from countries with mandatory FA fortification. As gestational age progressed, serum 5-MTHF levels decreased, whereas serum FA levels were slightly reduced only at delivery compared to early pregnancy. A significant negative association between serum 5-MTHF and total homocysteine was shown at all examined times, but no associations with FA were evident. At delivery, cord 5-MTHF was significantly higher than maternal levels, while FA again showed no significant correlation. These results suggest that 5-MTHF is actively transported to the fetus through placental transporters and may reflect folate status during pregnancy as a physiologically important species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Kubo
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0288, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-49-282-3705
| | - Hideoki Fukuoka
- Department of Progressive DOHaD Research, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine, 1 Hikarigaoka, Fukushima 960-1295, Japan;
| | - Terue Kawabata
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0288, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Kumiko Shoji
- Faculty of Nutrition, Kagawa Nutrition University, 3-9-21 Chiyoda, Sakado, Saitama 350-0288, Japan; (T.K.); (K.S.)
| | - Chisato Mori
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8670, Japan;
- Department of Sustainable Health Science, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kenichi Sakurai
- Department of Nutrition and Metabolic Medicine, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan;
| | - Masazumi Nishikawa
- Department of Food Management, School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, 2-2-1 Hatadate, Taihaku-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0215, Japan;
| | - Takeshi Ohkubo
- Department of Health Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences, Sendai Shirayuri Women’s College, Honda-Cho, Izumi-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 981-3107, Japan;
| | - Kyoichi Oshida
- Research & Development Department, Taiko Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. 2-3-3, Higashishinbash, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-0021, Japan;
| | - Naotake Yanagisawa
- Medical Technology Innovation Center, Juntendo University, 2-1-1, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan;
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University, 2-9-8-3F, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;
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10
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Oshiro T, Nagata S, Wang C, Takahashi T, Tsuji H, Asahara T, Nomoto K, Takei H, Nittono H, Yamashiro Y. Bifidobacterium Supplementation of Colostrum and Breast Milk Enhances Weight Gain and Metabolic Responses Associated with Microbiota Establishment in Very-Preterm Infants. Biomed Hub 2019; 4:1-10. [PMID: 31993433 PMCID: PMC6985890 DOI: 10.1159/000502935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Postnatal growth restriction in very-preterm infants (VPIs) may have long-lasting effects. Recent evidence suggests that developmental problems in VPIs are related to abnormalities in intestinal microbial communities. Objective To investigate the effect on growth outcomes in VPIs of supplementation with Bifidobacterium along with mother's colostrum and breast milk. Methods A randomized controlled study was performed on 35 VPIs, born between 24 and 31 weeks of gestation with birth weights <1,500 g. The patients received either daily Bifidobacterium breve supplementation (Bifid group) or vehicle supplement only (placebo group). Parenteral nutrition was initiated with glucose, amino acids, and fatty acids for all of the infants soon after birth. Each infant received their own mother's colostrum within 24 h of birth, and breast milk on subsequent days. Fecal bacteria, organic acids, pH, bile acids, and plasma fatty acids were analyzed. Results Seventeen infants were allocated to the Bifid group and 18 to the placebo group; the birth weights and gestational ages did not differ significantly between the two groups. Compared to the placebo group, the Bifid group showed significantly greater and earlier weight gain by 8 weeks; significantly higher total fecal bacterial counts, including bifidobacteria; higher levels of total fecal short-chain fatty acids and nominally (but not significantly) higher concentrations of plasma n−3 fatty acids; and lower levels of total fecal bile acid. Conclusions Bifidobacterial supplementation of maternal colostrum and breast milk yielded the establishment of a beneficial microbiota profile, leading to favorable metabolic responses that appeared to provide improved growth in VPIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuo Oshiro
- Department of Pediatric Neonatology, Okinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical Center, Okinawa, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chongxin Wang
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Koji Nomoto
- Division of Molecular Microbiology, Tokyo University of Agriculture, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hajime Takei
- Junshin Clinic Bile Acid Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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11
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Tamaki S, Kanazawa A, Sato J, Tamura Y, Asahara T, Takahashi T, Matsumoto S, Yamashiro Y, Watada H. Clinical factors associated with bacterial translocation in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes: A retrospective study. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0222598. [PMID: 31536546 PMCID: PMC6752875 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0222598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To explore clinical factors associated with bacterial translocation in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods The data of 118 patients with T2DM were obtained from two previous clinical studies, and were retrospectively analyzed regarding the clinical parameters associated with bacterial translocation defined as detection of bacteremia and levels of plasma lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP), the latter of which is thought to reflect inflammation caused by endotoxemia. Results LBP level was not significantly different between patients with and without bacteremia. No clinical factors were significantly correlated with the detection of bacteremia. On the other hand, plasma LBP level was significantly correlated with HbA1c (r = 0.312), fasting blood glucose (r = 0.279), fasting C-peptide (r = 0.265), body mass index (r = 0.371), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (r = -0.241), and inflammatory markers (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, r = 0.543; and interleukin-6, r = 0.456). Multiple regression analysis identified body mass index, HbA1c, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, and interleukin-6 as independent determinants of plasma LBP level. Conclusion The plasma LBP level was similar in patients with and without bacteremia. While both bacteremia and LBP are theoretically associated with bacterial translocation, the detection of bacteremia was not associated with LBP level in T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Tamaki
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Kanazawa
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Junko Sato
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Asahara
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoshi Matsumoto
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Sportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Center for Identification of Diabetic Therapeutic Targets, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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12
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Cetin I, Bühling K, Demir C, Kortam A, Prescott SL, Yamashiro Y, Yarmolinskaya M, Koletzko B. Impact of Micronutrient Status during Pregnancy on Early Nutrition Programming. Ann Nutr Metab 2019; 74:269-278. [PMID: 30939482 DOI: 10.1159/000499698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nutrition status prior to conception and during pregnancy and infancy seems to have an influence on the disease risk in adulthood (early nutrition/developmental programming). We aimed to review the current knowledge on the role of micronutrients in early nutrition programming and its implications for healthcare. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS Globally and even in high-income countries where a balanced diet is generally accessible, an inadequate maternal micronutrient status is common. This may induce health problems in the mother and foetus/newborn both immediately and in later life. Pregnant women and those who may become pregnant should aim to achieve a satisfactory micronutrient status from a well-balanced diet, and where necessary from additional supplements. Key Messages: We emphasise the need for a call to action for healthcare providers and policymakers to better educate women of child-bearing age regarding the short- and long-term benefits of an appropriate micronutrient status. The role of micronutrient status in early nutrition programming needs to be emphasized more to address the still limited awareness of the potential long-term health repercussions of suboptimal micronutrient supply during pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Cetin
- University of Milan/ASST Fatebenefratelli Sacco, Milan, Italy,
| | - Kai Bühling
- University Medical Centre Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | | | - Susan L Prescott
- University of Western Australia/Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Subiaco, Washington, Australia
| | | | - Maria Yarmolinskaya
- The Research Institute of Obstetrics, Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine, Saint Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- LMU, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
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13
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Kurita N, Yamashiro K, Kuroki T, Tanaka R, Ueno Y, Urabe T, Yamashiro Y, Hattori N. Abstract WP339: Modulation of Gut Microbiota Improves Outcomes After Ischemic Stroke by Reducing Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Inflammation in the Ischemic Brain of Diabetic Mice. Stroke 2019. [DOI: 10.1161/str.50.suppl_1.wp339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background and Aims:
Gut dysbiosis, an imbalance of gut microbiota, is associated with host inflammation due to the translocation of Gram-negative bacteria-derived lipopolysaccharide (LPS), resulting from increased gut permeability. Inflammation plays a key role in the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke. Here, we investigated the effect of gut dysbiosis on acute ischemic brain injury.
Methods:
Fecal bacteria were analyzed via 16S and 23S rRNA-targeted quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and the outcome of focal cerebral ischemia was examined in lean littermates (db/+), type 2 diabetic mice (db/db), and db/db mice with oral administration of the non-absorbable antibiotic polymyxin B (db/db+PL-B) (n=5-9/group).
Results:
Mice from the db/db+PL-B group had selectively attenuated fecal bacterial count of the Gram-negative bacteria
Enterobacteriaceae
(p<0.01), and reduced plasma LPS levels (p<0.05) and gut permeability (p<0.05) without a change in plasma glucose levels compared to those in
db/db
mice. Polymyxin B was not detected in the blood of db/db+PL-B mice. In addition, antibiotic pre-treatment significantly reduced infarct size (p<0.05), blood-brain barrier leakage (p<0.05), inflammatory reactions in the brain, such as IL-6 (p<0.01), IL-1β (p<0.01), and TNF-α (p<0.05), improved neurological function (p<0.05), and survival rates (p<0.05) following cerebral ischemia. Furthermore, db/db + PL-B mice had significantly reduced LPS (p<0.05) and expression of TLR4 (p<0.01), the LPS receptor, and inflammatory cytokine levels, such as IL-6 (p<0.01), IL-1β(p<0.01), and TNF-α (p<0.05), in the ischemic hemisphere.
Conclusions:
These findings suggest that LPS-induced inflammation may be a mechanism that links gut dysbiosis to ischemic cerebral injury, and that modulation of gut microbiota may be a potential therapeutic strategy to improve the stroke outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Takuma Kuroki
- Neurology, Juntendo Univ Sch of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Div of Neurology, Dept of Internal Medicine, Jichi Med Univ, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueno
- Neurology, Juntendo Univ Sch of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Urabe
- Neurology, Juntendo Univ Urayasu Hosp, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Rsch Laboratory, Juntendo Univ Graduate Sch of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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14
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Nagpal R, Yamashiro Y. Gut Microbiota Composition in Healthy Japanese Infants and Young Adults Born by C-Section. Ann Nutr Metab 2018; 73 Suppl 3:4-11. [PMID: 30041174 DOI: 10.1159/000490841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Our gut microbiome plays a fundamental role in our health and disease. The microbial colonization of human gut begins immediately at birth and is an indispensable natural process that modulates our physiology and immunity. Recent studies are elegantly revealing how and when these microbes colonize the gut and what elements could potentially influence this natural phenomenon. The vertical mother-to-baby transmission of microbes is a crucial factor for normal development and maturation of newborn's immune, metabolic as well as neurological health. This important and delicate process of gut microbiota development may be impacted by various factors such as birth mode, type of feeding, gestational age at birth, antibiotics exposure in early life, surrounding environment and hygiene settings, and so on. Perturbations in early life gut microbial colonization have been associated with the development of several diseases such as diabetes, obesity, asthma, allergies, celiac disease, neurodevelopmental disorders, and so on. However, it remains unclear whether predisposition to these diseases is due to the lack of acquisition of the mother's (vaginal and perianal) microbes during birth or because of abnormal exposure to unsolicited bacteria. Hence, studies are required to scrutinize the colonization pattern of infant gut microbiome in context to birth mode and also to elucidate how long these differences could persist. In these contexts, we review and discuss some of the findings obtained from recent investigation of the gut microbiota composition in healthy Japanese infants and young adults born vaginally or by C-section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA.,Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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15
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Cameron D, Hock QS, Kadim M, Mohan N, Ryoo E, Sandhu B, Yamashiro Y, Jie C, Hoekstra H, Guarino A. Probiotics for gastrointestinal disorders: Proposed recommendations for children of the Asia-Pacific region. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23:7952-7964. [PMID: 29259371 PMCID: PMC5725290 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v23.i45.7952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Revised: 09/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recommendations for probiotics are available in several regions. This paper proposes recommendations for probiotics in pediatric gastrointestinal diseases in the Asia-Pacific region. Epidemiology and clinical patterns of intestinal diseases in Asia-Pacific countries were discussed. Evidence-based recommendations and randomized controlled trials in the region were revised. Cultural aspects, health management issues and economic factors were also considered. Final recommendations were approved by applying the Likert scale and rated using the GRADE system. Saccharomyces boulardii CNCM I-745 (Sb) and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) were strongly recommended as adjunct treatment to oral rehydration therapy for gastroenteritis. Lactobacillus reuteri could also be considered. Probiotics may be considered for prevention of (with the indicated strains): antibiotic-associated diarrhea (LGG or Sb); Clostridium difficile-induced diarrhea (Sb); nosocomial diarrhea (LGG); infantile colic (L reuteri) and as adjunct treatment of Helicobacter pylori (Sb and others). Specific probiotics with a history of safe use in preterm and term infants may be considered in infants for prevention of necrotizing enterocolitis. There is insufficient evidence for recommendations in other conditions. Despite a diversity of epidemiological, socioeconomical and health system conditions, similar recommendations apply well to Asia pacific countries. These need to be validated with local randomized-controlled trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald Cameron
- Department of Gastroenterology and Clinical Nutrition, Royal Children’s Hospital, Melbourne 3052, Australia
| | - Quak Seng Hock
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 119228, Singapore
| | - Musal Kadim
- Child Health Department, Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital, University of Indonesia, Jakarta 12220, Indonesia
| | - Neelam Mohan
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology And Liver Transplantation, Medanta The Medicity 122001, Gurugram Haryana, India
| | - Eell Ryoo
- Department of Pediatrics, Gachon University, Gil Gachon Children’s Hosptial, Incheon 21565, South Korea
| | - Bhupinder Sandhu
- Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol BS2 8BJ, United Kingdom
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Chen Jie
- The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 610041, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hans Hoekstra
- Department of Pediatrics, Hieronymus Bosch Hospital, ’s-Hertogenbosch 5223GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Alfredo Guarino
- Unit of Pediatrics Infectious Diseases and Clinical Nutrition of the Department of Translational Medical Science-Section of Pediatrics, University of Naples Federico II, Naples 80131, Italy
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16
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Yamazaki M, Eda H, Sasou A, Kamiya A, Miyagi Y, Oota M, Takeda I, Takagi S, Matsuura M, Yamashiro Y. Continuous cuff-less blood pressure parameter monitoring by the optical sensor in patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Sleep Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2017.11.1039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Intestinal regulatory T (Treg) cells are critical to maintaining immune tolerance to dietary antigens and gut microbiota. This paper reviews several papers on this topic that were recently published by Japanese researchers. Specifically, Prof. K. Honda and his group have found that commensal microbiota capable of metabolizing butyrate induces the differentiation of colonic Treg cells. In a separate work, Prof. Y. Yokoyama and his group used a novel, culture-independent analytical method (the Yakult Intestinal Flora-Scan) for detection of bacteria in the bloodstream. Their work revealed that bacteremia in invasive surgery patients was ameliorated by synbiotic supplementation; similar results were reported in pediatric surgical cases by Dr. T. Okazaki and his group. This cutting-edge method may lead to the evolution of an altered disease concept; an example of this change is provided by the description of bacteremia in patients with type 2 diabetes, as reported by Dr. J. Sato and her group. In a similar work, Prof. Y. Yamashiro and his group found that infants born by cesarean (C)-section, who typically have gut dysbiosis, exhibit higher carriage of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens. The finding suggests that C-section-born infants may serve as a potential reservoir of this opportunistic pathogen. Another separate work by the laboratory of Dr. K. Yamashiro has revealed that gut dysbiosis is associated with altered metabolism and systemic inflammation in patients with ischemic stroke. These papers are consistent with a study by Prof. N. Sudo and his group, who have made significant progress in research on interaction among the microbiota, gut, and brain.
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18
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Yamashiro K, Tanaka R, Ueno Y, Miyamoto N, Urabe T, Takahashi T, Tsuji H, Asahara T, Nomoto K, Yamashiro Y, Hattori N. Bacterial translocation and fecal organic acids in stroke patients. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.3175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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19
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Kurita N, Yamashiro K, Kuroki T, Tanaka R, Ueno Y, Urabe T, Nomoto K, Takahashi T, Tsuji H, Asahara T, Yamashiro Y, Hattori N. Gut dysbiosis induces lipopolysaccharide-mediated inflammation after cerebral ischemia in type 2 diabetic mice. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.2466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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20
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Yamashiro Y, Nomoto K. Bacteremia and Probiotics: A Novel Culture-Independent Analytical Method Evolves Disease Concepts. Ann Nutr Metab 2017; 71 Suppl 1:1-3. [PMID: 28950277 DOI: 10.1159/000479916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Okazaki T, Yamataka A, Asahara T, Nomoto K, Yamashiro Y. The High Incidence of Bacteremia in Children Undergoing Surgery Can Be Prevented by Bifidobacterium Supplementation. Ann Nutr Metab 2017; 71 Suppl 1:31-36. [PMID: 28950282 DOI: 10.1159/000479921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Major surgical procedures can alter intestinal microbiota and disrupt the intestinal barrier function, leaving the patient at risk for infection. Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Although the efficacy of administering probiotics perioperatively to adults has been reported, the clinical significance of probiotics in children undergoing surgery is still unclear. This study provides a brief overview of our randomized controlled trial of preoperative probiotic administration to children, and discusses the relationship between probiotics and their effects in the perioperative period, particularly focusing on bacteremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadaharu Okazaki
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Nagpal R, Kurakawa T, Tsuji H, Takahashi T, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Nomoto K, Yamashiro Y. Evolution of gut Bifidobacterium population in healthy Japanese infants over the first three years of life: a quantitative assessment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10097. [PMID: 28855672 PMCID: PMC5577255 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10711-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Accepted: 08/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Bifidobacteria are important members of human gut microbiota; however, quantitative data on their early-life dynamics is limited. Here, using a sensitive reverse transcription-qPCR approach, we demonstrate the carriage of eight signature infant-associated Bifidobacterium species (B. longum, B. breve, B. bifidum, B. catenulatum group, B. infantis, B. adolescentis, B. angulatum and B. dentium) in 76 healthy full-term vaginally-born infants from first day to three years of life. About 21% babies carry bifidobacteria at first day of life (6.2 ± 1.9 log10 cells/g feces); and this carriage increases to 64% (8.0 ± 2.2), 79% (8.5 ± 2.1), 97% (9.3 ± 1.8), 99% (9.6 ± 1.6), and 100% (9.7 ± 0.9) at age 7 days, 1, 3 and 6 months, and 3 years, respectively. B. longum, B. breve, B. catenulatum group and B. bifidum are among the earliest and abundant bifidobacterial clades. Interestingly, infants starting formula-feed as early as first week of life have higher bifidobacterial carriage compared to exclusively breast-fed counterparts. Bifidobacteria demonstrate an antagonistic correlation with enterobacteria and enterococci. Further analyses also reveal a relatively lower/ delayed bifidobacterial carriage in cesarean-born babies. The study presents a quantitative perspective of the early-life gut Bifidobacterium colonization and shows how factors such as birth and feeding modes could influence this acquisition even in healthy infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-9-8-3F, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan. .,Gut Microbiome and Metabolic Diseases, Center for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Biotech Place, Winston-Salem, NC, 27101, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | - Satoru Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Yakult Central Institute, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-9-8-3F, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan
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23
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Abstract
There are few data regarding the role of probiotics as a dietary intervention in the management of obesity in children. An open prospective examination was conducted to clarify the effects of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS)-containing beverages in obese children. We compared the intestinal microbiota and organic acid levels between 12 obese (average age, 10.8 years; body mass index (BMI) Z score, 2.7±1.7) and 22 control children(average age, 8.5 years; BMI Z score, 0.1±0.7), and pre- and post-intervention in the obese children. The obese group underwent diet and exercise therapy for 6 months and then were given an LcS beverage daily for another 6 months and the body weight and serological markers were monitored. Significant reductions in the faecal concentrations of Bifidobacterium (obese group, 7.9±1.5 vs non-obese group, 9.8±0.5 Log10cells/g; P<0.01) along with a significant decline in the Bacteroides fragilis group, Atopobium cluster and Lactobacillus gasseri subgroup, and acetic acid (obese group, 45.1±16.9 vs non-obese group, 57.9±17.6 μmol/g; P<0.05) were observed in the obese group at baseline. A significant decline in body weight (-2.9±4.6%; P<0.05) and an elevation in the high density lipoprotein cholesterol level (+11.1±17.6%; P<0.05) were observed 6 months after ingestion of the LcS beverage compared to baseline. Furthermore, a significant increase in the faecal concentration of Bifidobacterium (7.0±1.2 before ingestion vs 9.1±1.2 Log10cells/g after ingestion; P<0.01) and an apparent increase in the acetic acid concentration (7.0±1.2 before ingestion vs 9.1±1.2 Log10cells/g after ingestion; P<0.01) were observed 6 months after ingestion. LcS contributed to weight loss while also improving the lipid metabolism in obese children via a significant increase in the faecal Bifidobacterium numbers and the acetic acid concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Nagata
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Postgraduate School, 3rd floor, 2-9-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y. Chiba
- Department of Paediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1, Kawada-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Postgraduate School, 3rd floor, 2-9-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C. Wang
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Postgraduate School, 3rd floor, 2-9-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y. Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Postgraduate School, 3rd floor, 2-9-8 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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24
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Nagpal R, Tsuji H, Takahashi T, Nomoto K, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y. Ontogenesis of the Gut Microbiota Composition in Healthy, Full-Term, Vaginally Born and Breast-Fed Infants over the First 3 Years of Life: A Quantitative Bird's-Eye View. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1388. [PMID: 28785253 PMCID: PMC5519616 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Early-life intestinal microbiota development is crucial for host’s long-term health and is influenced by many factors including gestational age, birth and feeding modes, birth environment, ethnic/geographical background, etc. However, ‘quantitative’ data on the actual population levels of gut bacterial communities when these influences are controlled for is relatively rare. Herein, we demonstrate a quantitative perspective of microbiota development in natural and healthy milieus, i.e., in healthy, full-term, vaginally born and breast-fed infants (n = 19) born at same clinic. Fecal microbiota at age 1 and 7 days, 1, 3, and 6 months and 3 years is quantified using highly sensitive reverse-transcription-quantitative-PCR assays targeting bacterial rRNA molecules. At day 1, we detect one or more bacteria in all (100%) of the babies, wherein the microbiota is composed mainly of enterobacteria (35%), Bacteroides fragilis group (23%), enterococci (18%), staphylococci (13%), and bifidobacteria (9%). Altogether, facultative anaerobes predominate during first few weeks whereafter obligate anaerobes including bifidobacteria, B. fragilis group, Clostridium coccoides group, and Clostridium leptum subgroup gradually start prevailing. At 3 years, the composition is represented almost entirely (99%) by obligate anaerobes including C. leptum subgroup (34%), bifidobacteria (22%), B. fragilis group (21%), C. coccoides group (17%), Atopobium cluster (4%), and Prevotella (1%). The overall obligate/facultative proportion is 32/68, 37/63, 54/46, 70/30, 64/36, and 99/1% at 1 and 7 days, 1, 3, and 6 months and 3 years, respectively. However, interestingly, considerable individual-specific variations in the obligate/facultative ratios as well as in the proportions of Firmicutes, Bacteroides, Actinobacteria, and Proteobacteria communities are seen among these babies. This disparity even within this highly homogenous cohort manifests the magnitude of diverse patterns of gut microbiota configuration and hence underpins the importance of considering not only the gestational age, birth, and feeding modes, and ethnic/geographical background but also other potential outstanding factors when investigating the elements shaping the early microbiota development. In summary, the data demonstrate a quantitative bird’s-eye view of the ontogenesis of early-life gut microbiota in typically natural and healthy milieus and should be informative and facilitative for future studies exploring various aspects of the human gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsuji
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan.,Yakult Central InstituteKunitachi, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan.,Yakult Central InstituteKunitachi, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan.,Yakult Central InstituteKunitachi, Japan
| | | | - Satoru Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityShinjuku, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
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25
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Nagpal R, Tsuji H, Takahashi T, Nomoto K, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y. Gut dysbiosis following C-section instigates higher colonisation of toxigenic Clostridium perfringens in infants. Benef Microbes 2017; 8:353-365. [PMID: 28504574 DOI: 10.3920/bm2016.0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Herein we investigated the intestinal carriage of α-toxigenic and enterotoxigenic Clostridium perfringens during infancy, focusing on its association with other gut microbes and mode of delivery and feeding. Faecal samples from 89 healthy term infants were collected at age 7 days, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 3 years. C. perfringens was quantified by qPCR; other gut bacteria were quantified by reverse-transcription-qPCR. Alpha-toxigenic C. perfringens was detected in 3.4% infants at day 7 but was present in 35-40% infants at subsequent time-points, with counts ranging from 103-107 cells/g faeces. Enterotoxigenic C. perfringens remained undetected at day 7 but was detected in 1.1, 4.5, 10.1 and 4.5% infants at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 3 years, respectively. Intriguingly, infants carrying α-toxigenic C. perfringens had lower levels of Bacteroides fragilis group, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and organic acids as compared to non-carriers. Further analyses revealed that, compared to vaginally-born infants, caesarean-born infants had higher carriage of C. perfringens and lower levels of B. fragilis group, bifidobacteria, lactobacilli and faecal organic acids during first 6 months. Compared to formula-fed infants, breast-fed infants were slightly less often colonised with C. perfringens; and within caesarean-born infants, breast-fed infants had slightly lower levels of C. perfringens and higher levels of B. fragilis group, bifidobacteria, and lactobacilli than formula-fed infants. This study demonstrates the quantitative dynamics of toxigenic C. perfringens colonisation in infants during the early years of life. Caesarean-born infants acquire a somewhat perturbed microbiota, and breast-feeding might be helpful in ameliorating this dysbiosis. Higher carriage of toxigenic C. perfringens in healthy infants is intriguing and warrants further investigation of its sources and clinical significance in infants, particularly the caesarean-born who may represent a potential reservoir of this opportunistic pathogen and might be more prone to associated illnesses.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagpal
- 1 Laboratory for Probiotics Research (Yakult), Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-9-8-3F, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Tsuji
- 2 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - T Takahashi
- 2 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - K Nomoto
- 2 Yakult Central Institute, 5-11 Izumi, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan
| | - K Kawashima
- 3 Gonohashi Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital, 6 Chome-1-6 Kameido, Koto, Tokyo 136-0071, Japan
| | - S Nagata
- 4 Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan
| | - Y Yamashiro
- 1 Laboratory for Probiotics Research (Yakult), Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Hongo 2-9-8-3F, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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26
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Suzuki Y, Ikeda K, Sakuma K, Kawai S, Sawaki K, Asahara T, Takahashi T, Tsuji H, Nomoto K, Nagpal R, Wang C, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y. Association between Yogurt Consumption and Intestinal Microbiota in Healthy Young Adults Differs by Host Gender. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:847. [PMID: 28553274 PMCID: PMC5425481 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Human intestinal microbiota are influenced by various factors viz. diet, environment, age, gender, geographical, and socioeconomic situation, etc. among which diet has the most profound impact. However, studies investigating this impact have mostly included subjects from diverse geographic/socioeconomic backgrounds and hence the precise effects of dietary factors on gut microbiota composition remain largely confounded. Herein, with an aim to evaluate the association between dietary habits, specifically yogurt consumption, and the gut microbiota in healthy young adults sharing similar age, lifestyle routine, geographical setting, etc., we conducted a cross-sectional study wherein 293 collegiate freshmen answered a questionnaire about their frequency of yogurt consumption over the last 2 months and provided stool specimens for microbiota analysis. Fecal microbiota were analyzed by highly sensitive reverse-transcription-quantitative-PCR assays targeting bacterial 16S rRNA molecules. Fecal organic acids were measured by HPLC. Overall, the gut microbiota were predominated (97.1 ± 8.6%) by Clostridium coccoides group, Clostridium leptum subgroup, Bacteroides fragilis group, Bifidobacterium and Atopobium cluster. Interestingly, after adjusting the data for yogurt consumption, females were found to have higher total bacterial (P = 0.013) and Bifidobacterium (P = 0.046) count and fecal pH (P = 0.007) and lower fecal concentration of total organic acids (P = 0.030), succinic acid (P = 0.007) and formic acid (P = 0.046) as compared to males. Altogether, yogurt consumption showed positive linear association with Lactobacillus and Lactobacillus gasseri subgroup in both male and female subjects; however, several gender-specific disparities were also detected in this yogurt-microbiota association. Yogurt consumption demonstrated a negative association with L. sakei subgroup, Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus in males but shared a positive association with L. casei subgroup and succinic acid in female subjects. The study manifests the association between yogurt consumption and gut microbiota in a healthy homogeneous cohort and show how this association can differ by host gender. The findings should be helpful for prospective studies investigating the diet–microbiome interaction in human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshio Suzuki
- Juntendo University School of Health and Sports ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Keiichi Ikeda
- Juntendo University School of Health and Sports ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Sakuma
- Juntendo University School of Health and Sports ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Sachio Kawai
- Juntendo University School of Health and Sports ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Keisuke Sawaki
- Juntendo University School of Health and Sports ScienceChiba, Japan
| | - Takashi Asahara
- Yakult Central InstituteTokyo, Japan.,Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Yakult Central InstituteTokyo, Japan.,Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Tsuji
- Yakult Central InstituteTokyo, Japan.,Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Yakult Central InstituteTokyo, Japan.,Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Chongxin Wang
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagata
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of MedicineTokyo, Japan
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27
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Yamashiro K, Tanaka R, Urabe T, Ueno Y, Yamashiro Y, Nomoto K, Takahashi T, Tsuji H, Asahara T, Hattori N. Correction: Gut dysbiosis is associated with metabolism and systemic inflammation in patients with ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176062. [PMID: 28406979 PMCID: PMC5391100 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171521.].
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28
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Maruyama A, Ono K, Sato D, Yamashiro Y, Nuruki A, Nakamura Y, Touge T, Rothwell J. Could Pinch force MVC be improved by training when coupled with pairs at 2.0ms of threshold TMS pulses? Brain Stimul 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brs.2017.01.540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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29
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Yamashiro K, Tanaka R, Urabe T, Ueno Y, Yamashiro Y, Nomoto K, Takahashi T, Tsuji H, Asahara T, Hattori N. Gut dysbiosis is associated with metabolism and systemic inflammation in patients with ischemic stroke. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0171521. [PMID: 28166278 PMCID: PMC5293236 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0171521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The role of metabolic diseases in ischemic stroke has become a primary concern in both research and clinical practice. Increasing evidence suggests that dysbiosis is associated with metabolic diseases. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the gut microbiota, as well as concentrations of organic acids, the major products of dietary fiber fermentation by the gut microbiota, are altered in patients with ischemic stroke, and to examine the association between these changes and host metabolism and inflammation. We analyzed the composition of the fecal gut microbiota and the concentrations of fecal organic acids in 41 ischemic stroke patients and 40 control subjects via 16S and 23S rRNA-targeted quantitative reverse transcription (qRT)-PCR and high-performance liquid chromatography analyses, respectively. Multivariable linear regression analysis was subsequently performed to evaluate the relationships between ischemic stroke and bacterial counts and organic acid concentrations. Correlations between bioclinical markers and bacterial counts and organic acids concentrations were also evaluated. Although only the bacterial counts of Lactobacillus ruminis were significantly higher in stroke patients compared to controls, multivariable analysis showed that ischemic stroke was independently associated with increased bacterial counts of Atopobium cluster and Lactobacillus ruminis, and decreased numbers of Lactobacillus sakei subgroup, independent of age, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes. Changes in the prevalence of Lactobacillus ruminis were positively correlated with serum interleukin-6 levels. In addition, ischemic stroke was associated with decreased and increased concentrations of acetic acid and valeric acid, respectively. Meanwhile, changes in acetic acid concentrations were negatively correlated with the levels of glycated hemoglobin and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, whereas changes in valeric acid concentrations were positively correlated with the level of high sensitivity C-reactive protein and with white blood cell counts. Together, our findings suggest that gut dysbiosis in patients with ischemic stroke is associated with host metabolism and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Yamashiro
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KY); (NH)
| | - Ryota Tanaka
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takao Urabe
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University Urayasu Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yuji Ueno
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- Yakult Central Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail: (KY); (NH)
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30
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Nagpal R, Tsuji H, Takahashi T, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Nomoto K, Yamashiro Y. Sensitive Quantitative Analysis of the Meconium Bacterial Microbiota in Healthy Term Infants Born Vaginally or by Cesarean Section. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1997. [PMID: 28018325 PMCID: PMC5156933 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
For decades, babies were thought to be born germ-free, but recent evidences suggest that they are already exposed to various bacteria in utero. However, the data on population levels of such pioneer gut bacteria, particularly in context to birth mode, is sparse. We herein aimed to quantify such bacteria from the meconium of 151 healthy term Japanese infants born vaginally or by C-section. Neonatal first meconium was obtained within 24–48 h of delivery; RNA was extracted and subjected to reverse-transcription-quantitative PCR using specific primers for Clostridium coccoides group, C. leptum subgroup, Bacteroides fragilis group, Atopobium cluster, Prevotella, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus, Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, C. perfringens, and C. difficile. We detected several bacterial groups in both vaginally- and cesarean-born infants. B. fragilis group, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterococcus, Streptococcus, and Staphylococcus were detected in more than 50% of infants, with counts ranging from 105 to 108 cells/g sample. About 30–35% samples harbored Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus (104–105 cells/g); whereas C. coccoides group, C. leptum subgroup and C. perfringens were detected in 10–20% infants (103–105 cells/g). Compared to vaginally-born babies, cesarean-born babies were significantly less often colonized with Lactobacillus genus (6% vs. 37%; P = 0.01) and Lactobacillus gasseri subgroup (6% vs. 31%; P = 0.04). Overall, seven Lactobacillus subgroups/species, i.e., L. gasseri subgroup, L. ruminis subgroup, L. casei subgroup, L. reuteri subgroup, L. sakei subgroup, L. plantarum subgroup, and L. brevis were detected in the samples from vaginally-born group, whereas only two members, i.e., L. gasseri subgroup and L. brevis were detected in the cesarean group. These data corroborate that several bacterial clades may already be present before birth in term infants’ gut. Further, lower detection rate of lactobacilli in cesarean-born babies suggests that the primary source of lactobacilli in infant gut is mainly from maternal vaginal and–to a lesser extent–anal microbiota during vaginal delivery, and that the colonization by some important Lactobacillus species is delayed in babies delivered via cesarean-section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | | | - Satoru Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University Tokyo, Japan
| | | | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Graduate School of Medicine, Juntendo University Tokyo, Japan
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31
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Iizuka Y, Maehara T, Katayama H, Sato K, Kugimiya T, Yamashiro Y. Endovascular Treatment of Vein of Galen Aneurysmal Malformations. Interv Neuroradiol 2016; 4 Suppl 1:109-12. [DOI: 10.1177/15910199980040s123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/1998] [Accepted: 08/25/1998] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We report two cases of vein of Galen aneurysmal dilatation (VGAD) and four cases of vein of Galen aneurysmal malformation (VGAM) with special reference to clinical features and therapeutic indications of endovascular treatment. A case with VGAD was treated by radiosurgery in 1985 with no amelioration to the patient, A case of choroidal type VGAM underwent an operation in 1987, but died of massive hemorrhage 2 years later. The other case of VGAD has been followed-up conservatively. The remaining cases of VGAM (two choroidal type and one mural type) were treated by endovascular treatment. The two cases of choroidal type were successfully embolized but died of systemic complications, and the only case of mural type was cured.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - K. Sato
- Department of Neurosurgery, Juntendo University, School of Medicine; Tokyo
| | - T. Kugimiya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Juntendo University, School of Medicine; Tokyo
| | - Y. Yamashiro
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University, School of Medicine; Tokyo
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32
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Nagpal R, Kumar M, Yadav AK, Hemalatha R, Yadav H, Marotta F, Yamashiro Y. Gut microbiota in health and disease: an overview focused on metabolic inflammation. Benef Microbes 2016; 7:181-94. [PMID: 26645350 DOI: 10.3920/bm2015.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In concern to the continuously rising global prevalence of obesity, diabetes and associated diseases, novel preventive and therapeutic approaches are urgently required. However, to explore and develop such innovative strategies, a meticulous comprehension of the biological basis of these diseases is extremely important. Past decade has witnessed an enormous amount of research investigation and advancement in the field of obesity, diabetes and metabolic syndrome, with the gut microbiota receiving a special focus in the triangle of nutrition, health and diseases. In particular, the role of gut microbiota in health and diseases has been one of the most vigorous and intriguing field of recent research; however, much still remains to be elucidated about its precise role in host metabolism and immune functions and its implication in the onset, progression as well as in the amelioration of metabolic ailments. Recent investigations have suggested a significant contribution of the gut microbiota in the regulation and impairment of energy homeostasis, thereby causing metabolic disorders, such as metabolic endotoxemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Numerous inflammatory biomarkers have been found to be associated with obesity, diabetes and risk of other associated adverse outcomes, thereby suggesting that a persistent low-grade inflammatory response is a potential risk factor. In this milieu, this review intends to discuss potential evidences supporting the disturbance of the gut microbiota balance and the intestinal barrier permeability as a potential triggering factor for systemic inflammation in the onset and progression of obesity, type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nagpal
- 1 Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - M Kumar
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, 500 007 Hyderabad, India
| | - A K Yadav
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, 500 007 Hyderabad, India
| | - R Hemalatha
- 2 Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Institute of Nutrition, 500 007 Hyderabad, India
| | - H Yadav
- 3 Clinical Research Centre, Diabetes, Endocrinology and Obesity Branch, NIDDK, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892-2560, USA
| | - F Marotta
- 4 ReGenera Research Group for Aging Intervention, Via Moisé Loira 75, 20144 Milan, Italy
| | - Y Yamashiro
- 1 Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
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33
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Nagata S, Asahara T, Wang C, Suyama Y, Chonan O, Takano K, Daibou M, Takahashi T, Nomoto K, Yamashiro Y. The Effectiveness of Lactobacillus Beverages in Controlling Infections among the Residents of an Aged Care Facility: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Double-Blind Trial. Ann Nutr Metab 2015; 68:51-9. [DOI: 10.1159/000442305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Backgrounds/Aims: To clarify the usefulness of Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS)-fermented milk in the normalization of bowel movements and improvement of infection control for the elderly residents and staff of facilities for the elderly. Methods: A randomized placebo-controlled double-blind test was performed among the elderly residents (average age, 85) and staff members (average age, 37) of facilities for the elderly. The participants randomly received either LcS-fermented milk or a placebo beverage once daily for 6 months. Clinical data and enteric conditions were compared between the 2 groups. Results: A significantly lower incidence of fever and improved bowel movements were seen in the LcS-fermented milk group (n = 36) in comparison to the placebo group (n = 36). The numbers of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus were significantly higher (p < 0.01), the numbers of destructive bacteria such as Clostridium difficile were significantly lower (p < 0.05), and the fecal acetic acid concentration and total acidity were significantly higher in the LcS group. A significant difference in the intestinal microbiota, fecal acetic acid, and pH was also observed between the LcS and placebo groups among the facility's staff members. Conclusions: The long-term consumption of LcS-fermented milk may be useful for decreasing the daily risk of infection and improving the quality of life among the residents and staff of facilities for the elderly.
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Wang C, Nagata S, Asahara T, Yuki N, Matsuda K, Tsuji H, Takahashi T, Nomoto K, Yamashiro Y. Intestinal Microbiota Profiles of Healthy Pre-School and School-Age Children and Effects of Probiotic Supplementation. Ann Nutr Metab 2015; 67:257-66. [PMID: 26496372 DOI: 10.1159/000441066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to establish the baseline profile of intestinal microbiota in pre-school and school-age Japanese children and to investigate the effects of a probiotic on the microbiota. METHODS We analyzed the intestinal microbiota and investigated the effects (before, during and after the ingestion period) on intestinal microbiota and the environment of 6 months of daily ingestion of a probiotic (Lactobacillus casei strain Shirota (LcS)-fermented milk). RESULTS We performed an open trial in 23 children (14 boys, 9 girls; age 7.7 ± 2.4 years (mean ± SD); BMI 19.6 ± 4.6). The composition of intestinal microbiota of healthy pre-school and school-age children resembled that of adults. During probiotic supplementation, the population levels of Bifidobacterium and total Lactobacillus increased significantly, while those of Enterobacteriaceae, Staphylococcus and Clostridium perfringens decreased significantly. A significant increase in fecal concentrations of organic acids and also a decrease in fecal pH were observed during the ingestion period. However, the patterns of fecal microbiota and intestinal environment were found to revert to the baseline levels (i.e. before ingestion) within 6 months following the cessation of probiotic intake. CONCLUSION Regular intake of an LcS-containing probiotic product may modify the gut microbiota composition and intestinal environment in pre-school and school-age children while maintaining the homeostasis of the microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongxin Wang
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Nagpal R, Ogata K, Tsuji H, Matsuda K, Takahashi T, Nomoto K, Suzuki Y, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y. Sensitive quantification of Clostridium perfringens in human feces by quantitative real-time PCR targeting alpha-toxin and enterotoxin genes. BMC Microbiol 2015; 15:219. [PMID: 26482797 PMCID: PMC4615878 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-015-0561-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clostridium perfringens is a widespread pathogen, but the precise quantification of this subdominant gut microbe remains difficult due to its low fecal count (particularly in asymptomatic subjects) and also due to the presence of abundant polymerase-inhibitory substances in human feces. Also, information on the intestinal carriage of toxigenic C. perfringens strains in healthy subjects is sparse. Therefore, we developed a sensitive quantitative real-time PCR assays for quantification of C. perfringens in human feces by targeting its α-toxin and enterotoxin genes. To validate the assays, we finally observed the occurrence of α-toxigenic and enterotoxigenic C. perfringens in the fecal microbiota of healthy Japanese infants and young adults. METHODS The plc-specific qPCR assay was newly validated, while primers for 16S rRNA and cpe genes were retrieved from literature. The assays were validated for specificity and sensitivity in pre-inoculated fecal samples, and were finally applied to quantify C. perfringens in stool samples from apparently healthy infants (n 124) and young adults (n 221). RESULTS The qPCR assays were highly specific and sensitive, with a minimum detection limit of 10(3) bacterial cells/g feces. Alpha-toxigenic C. perfringens was detected in 36% infants and 33% adults, with counts ranging widely (10(3)-10(7) bacterial cells/g). Intriguingly, the mean count of α-toxigenic C. perfringens was significantly higher in infants (6.0±1.5 log10 bacterial cells/g), as compared to that in adults (4.8±1.2). Moreover, the prevalence of enterotoxigenic C. perfringens was also found to be significantly higher in infants, as compared to that in adults. The mean enterotoxigenic C. perfringens count was 5.9±1.9 and 4.8±0.8 log10 bacterial cells/g in infants and adults, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that some healthy infants and young adults carry α-toxigenic and enterotoxigenic C. perfringens at significant levels, and may be predisposed to related diseases. Thus, high fecal carriage of toxigenic C. perfringens in healthy children warrants further investigation on its potential sources and clinical significance in these subjects. In summary, we present a novel qPCR assay for sensitive and accurate quantification of α-toxigenic and enterotoxigenic C. perfringens in human feces, which should facilitate prospective studies of the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravinder Nagpal
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
| | | | | | - Kazunori Matsuda
- Yakult Honsha European Research Center for Microbiology, Ghent-Zwijnaarde, Belgium.
| | | | | | - Yoshio Suzuki
- Department of Sports Science, Juntendo University School of Health and Sports Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
| | | | - Satoru Nagata
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Okumura A, Nakazawa M, Igarashi A, Abe S, Ikeno M, Nakahara E, Yamashiro Y, Shimizu T, Takahashi T. Anti-aquaporin 4 antibody-positive acute disseminated encephalomyelitis. Brain Dev 2015; 37:339-43. [PMID: 24837901 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2014.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the clinical and neuroimaging features of a young female patient with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis associated with anti-aquaporin-4 antibodies. METHODS The patient had mild encephalopathy 14 days after influenza vaccination. Cerebrospinal fluid analysis revealed an increased cell count and a marked increase in myelin basic protein. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated multiple lesions in the juxtacortical white matter. The patient was diagnosed with acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and treated with methylprednisolone pulse therapy. She recovered in 1 month. However, right retrobulbar optic neuritis appeared 2 months after discharge, and serum anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies were measured with a cell-based assay. RESULTS Anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies were present in the patient's serum. She was treated with a prolonged course of oral prednisolone. The patient was negative for serum anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies 8 months after the second clinical event, and prednisolone was discontinued 13 months after the second clinical event. Serum anti-aquaporin 4 antibodies remained negative 4 months after the discontinuation of prednisolone. There was no evidence of relapse at 9 months after discontinuation of steroids. CONCLUSIONS This case will expand the spectrum of anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-related central nervous system disorders. The measurement of anti-aquaporin 4 antibody may be considered in patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute disseminated encephalomyelitis and a second clinical event within a short interval.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihisa Okumura
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Mika Nakazawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayuko Igarashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinpei Abe
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Ikeno
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Eri Nakahara
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Shimizu
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
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Koletzko B, Boey CCM, Campoy C, Carlson SE, Chang N, Guillermo-Tuazon MA, Joshi S, Prell C, Quak SH, Sjarif DR, Su Y, Supapannachart S, Yamashiro Y, Osendarp SJM. Current information and Asian perspectives on long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in pregnancy, lactation, and infancy: systematic review and practice recommendations from an early nutrition academy workshop. Ann Nutr Metab 2014; 65:49-80. [PMID: 25227906 DOI: 10.1159/000365767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The Early Nutrition Academy supported a systematic review of human studies on the roles of pre- and postnatal long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) published from 2008 to 2013 and an expert workshop that reviewed the information and developed recommendations, considering particularly Asian populations. An increased supply of n-3 LC-PUFA during pregnancy reduces the risk of preterm birth before 34 weeks of gestation. Pregnant women should achieve an additional supply ≥200 mg docosahexaenic acid (DHA)/day, usually achieving a total intake ≥300 mg DHA/day. Higher intakes (600-800 mg DHA/day) may provide greater protection against early preterm birth. Some studies indicate beneficial effects of pre- and postnatal DHA supply on child neurodevelopment and allergy risk. Breast-feeding is the best choice for infants. Breast-feeding women should get ≥200 mg DHA/day to achieve a human milk DHA content of ∼0.3% fatty acids. Infant formula for term infants should contain DHA and arachidonic acid (AA) to provide 100 mg DHA/day and 140 mg AA/day. A supply of 100 mg DHA/day should continue during the second half of infancy. We do not provide quantitative advice on AA levels in follow-on formula fed after the introduction of complimentary feeding due to a lack of sufficient data and considerable variation in the AA amounts provided by complimentary foods. Reasonable intakes for very-low-birth weight infants are 18-60 mg/kg/day DHA and 18-45 mg/kg/day AA, while higher intakes (55-60 mg/kg/day DHA, ∼1% fatty acids; 35-45 mg/kg/day AA, ∼0.6-0.75%) appear preferable. Research on the requirements and effects of LC-PUFA during pregnancy, lactation, and early childhood should continue. © 2014 S. Karger AG, Basel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berthold Koletzko
- Early Nutrition Academy, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Ludwig Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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Sato J, Kanazawa A, Ikeda F, Yoshihara T, Goto H, Abe H, Komiya K, Kawaguchi M, Shimizu T, Ogihara T, Tamura Y, Sakurai Y, Yamamoto R, Mita T, Fujitani Y, Fukuda H, Nomoto K, Takahashi T, Asahara T, Hirose T, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y, Watada H. Gut dysbiosis and detection of "live gut bacteria" in blood of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care 2014; 37:2343-50. [PMID: 24824547 DOI: 10.2337/dc13-2817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Mounting evidence indicates that the gut microbiota are an important modifier of obesity and diabetes. However, so far there is no information on gut microbiota and "live gut bacteria" in the systemic circulation of Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Using a sensitive reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) method, we determined the composition of fecal gut microbiota in 50 Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes and 50 control subjects, and its association with various clinical parameters, including inflammatory markers. We also analyzed the presence of gut bacteria in blood samples. RESULTS The counts of the Clostridium coccoides group, Atopobium cluster, and Prevotella (obligate anaerobes) were significantly lower (P < 0.05), while the counts of total Lactobacillus (facultative anaerobes) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in fecal samples of diabetic patients than in those of control subjects. Especially, the counts of Lactobacillus reuteri and Lactobacillus plantarum subgroups were significantly higher (P < 0.05). Gut bacteria were detected in blood at a significantly higher rate in diabetic patients than in control subjects (28% vs. 4%, P < 0.01), and most of these bacteria were Gram-positive. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report of gut dysbiosis in Japanese patients with type 2 diabetes as assessed by RT-qPCR. The high rate of gut bacteria in the circulation suggests translocation of bacteria from the gut to the bloodstream.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junko Sato
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akio Kanazawa
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Therapeutic Innovations in Diabetes, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fuki Ikeda
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Yoshihara
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromasa Goto
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroko Abe
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Komiya
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Minako Kawaguchi
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoaki Shimizu
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ogihara
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Tamura
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanSportology Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuko Sakurai
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risako Yamamoto
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomoya Mita
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshio Fujitani
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Beta Cell Biology and Regeneration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Fukuda
- Department of General Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koji Nomoto
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takuya Takahashi
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Asahara
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahisa Hirose
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Satoru Nagata
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Pediatrics, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hirotaka Watada
- Department of Metabolism & Endocrinology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Beta Cell Biology and Regeneration, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, JapanCenter for Molecular Diabetology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Prasing W, Odawara T, Traisathit P, Yamashiro Y, Hattori Y, Pornprasert S. Analysis of the Xmn1-(G) γ polymorphism in β-thalassemia/hemoglobin E (HbE) and homozygous HbE patients with low and high levels of HbF. Int J Lab Hematol 2014; 37:e25-8. [PMID: 25043956 DOI: 10.1111/ijlh.12273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W Prasing
- Department of Medical Technology, Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
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Mohania D, Kansal VK, Kumar M, Nagpal R, Yamashiro Y, Marotta F. Modulation of expression of Programmed Death-1 by administration of probiotic Dahi in DMH-induced colorectal carcinogenesis in rats. Acta Biomed 2013; 84:102-9. [PMID: 24165459 DOI: pmid/24165459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Revised: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Interaction of probiotic bacteria with the host immune system elicits beneficial immune modulating effects. Although, there are many published studies on interaction of probiotics with immune system focusing on activation of immune system by bacterial cell wall through the engagement of Toll-like receptor family; very few studies have focused on molecules involved in the T-cell activation, and not much work has been executed to study the correlation of probiotics and programmed death-1 in colorectal carcinogenesis in animal models. Hence, the present study was carried out to assess the effect of probiotic Dahi on expression of programmed death (PD-1) in colorectum of 1, 2-dimethylhydrazine treated Wistar rats. METHODS DMH was injected subcutaneously at the rate of 40 mg/kg body weight per animal twice a week for 2 weeks. A total of 168 male Wistar rats were randomly allocated to seven groups, each group having twenty-four animals. The rats were euthanized at the 8th, 16th and 32nd week of the experiment and examined for the expression of PD-1 in colorectal tissues by immunohistochemical staining. RESULTS Expression of PD-1 was observed in colorectal tissues of normal and DMH-treated rats. Feeding rats with probiotic Dahi or the treatment with piroxicam decreased the expression of PD-1 in DMH-induced colorectal mucosa, and the combined treatment with probiotic Dahi and piroxicam was significantly more effective in reducing the expression of PD-1. CONCLUSION PD-1 expressed independent of carcinogen administration in normal colonic mucosa and may play a role in modulation of immune response in DMH-induced colorectal carcinogenesis. The present study suggests that probiotic Dahi can be used as an effective chemopreventive agent in the management of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dheeraj Mohania
- Department of Research, Sir Ganga Ram Hospital, New Delhi, India. Animal Biochemistry Division, National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, Haryana.
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Tanaka H, Ishii H, Yamada T, Akazawa K, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y. Growth of Japanese breastfed infants compared to national references and World Health Organization growth standards. Acta Paediatr 2013; 102:739-43. [PMID: 23577778 DOI: 10.1111/apa.12262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 03/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to compare the growth of Japanese infants that were exclusively breastfed to those of national references and World Health Organization (WHO) standards. METHODS Mothers, who delivered a normal term baby and had been exclusively breastfeeding for at least 4 months, were enrolled. The lengths, body weights and head circumferences of 647 children, aged 0-24 months, were obtained and compared to national references and WHO standards. RESULTS Comparisons of the national references for both length and body weight indicated that breastfed infants were significantly shorter and lighter almost throughout the first 24 months. Conversely, head circumferences of breastfed infants were significantly larger at 1 and 6 months of age in boys and 6 months in girls. Compared to WHO standards, similar trends to the comparisons with national references were found. CONCLUSION There were significant differences identified between the growth of breastfed infants and existing national references and WHO standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tanaka
- Department of Nursing; Shizuoka Hospital; Juntendo University School of Medicine; Shizuoka; Japan
| | - H Ishii
- Ishii Daiichi Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic; Shizuoka; Japan
| | - T Yamada
- Ishii Daiichi Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinic; Shizuoka; Japan
| | - K Akazawa
- Department of Medical Informatics; Niigata University Medical and Dental Hospital; Niigata University; Niigata; Japan
| | | | - Y Yamashiro
- Probiotics Research Laboratory; Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine; Tokyo; Japan
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Tsuji H, Oozeer R, Matsuda K, Matsuki T, Ohta T, Nomoto K, Tanaka R, Kawashima M, Kawashima K, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y. Molecular monitoring of the development of intestinal microbiota in Japanese infants. Benef Microbes 2012; 3:113-25. [PMID: 22683836 DOI: 10.3920/bm2011.0038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The faecal microbiota of 166 healthy Japanese newborns was analysed periodically from day 1 after birth until the age of 3 years by using the reverse transcription-quantitative PCR. Faecal pH and the organic acid concentration were also examined. Colonisation by both facultative anaerobes and strict anaerobes was confirmed in 95% of the meconium tested. Bifidobacterium-predominant microbiota was established subsequently in most of the infants by 3 months after birth. Bifidobacterium breve, Bifidobacterium longum, Bifidobacterium infantis, Bifidobacterium catenulatum group and Bifidobacterium bifidum were the species mainly detected. Intergroup correlation analysis revealed that the bifidobacterial population levels, but not other strict anaerobe groups, were found to be negatively correlated with those of the Enterobacteriaceae from 7 days until 3 months after birth. Faecal pH was maintained at about 6 until 6 months after birth and reached 6.6 at 3 years after birth. The initial concentration of faecal organic acids (19 μM/g of faeces) just after birth increased until 3 years after birth to the level of 111 μM/g of faeces. Early start of feeding formula milk promoted colonisation by obligate anaerobes such as the Clostridium coccoides group, the Clostridium leptum subgroup, Prevotella, and Atopobium cluster during the 3 months after birth. Population levels of the bifidobacteria until 1 month after birth and those of the Bacteroides fragilis group until 6 months after birth were lower in infants delivered by Caesarean section than in those delivered normally. The results suggested that both earlier start of feeding of formula milk and the mode of infant delivery were found to be important in the development of intestinal microbiota in early infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Tsuji
- Yakult Central Institute for Microbiological Research, Yaho 1796, Kunitachi-shi, Tokyo 186-8650, Japan.
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Kudo T, Nagata S, Ohtani K, Fujii T, Wada M, Haruna H, Shoji H, Ohtsuka Y, Shimizu T, Yamashiro Y. Pulse steroids as induction therapy for children with ulcerative colitis. Pediatr Int 2011; 53:974-9. [PMID: 21624004 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2011.03405.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Corticosteroids therapy, classically the first-line treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC), often causes serious side-effects. Theoretically, pulse steroid therapy where high doses are given for a shorter period may have maximal beneficial effects and minimal side-effects as induction therapy for UC. We have therefore retrospectively compared induction therapy using pulse steroids with conventional steroid treatment for children and adolescents with moderate-to-severe UC. METHODS We utilized conventional steroid treatment (prednisolone 1-1.5 mg/kg/day) as an induction treatment in 17 UC patients between 1985 and 2006. Alternatively we used a 3-day megadose pulse steroid therapy (methylprednisolone intravenously 20-30 mg/kg/day, max. 1000 mg/day) in 20 UC patients from 1993 to 2006. RESULTS Pulse steroid therapy successfully induced rapid remission in UC patients with moderate-to-severe disease compared with conventional treatment (13.2 days vs 25.1 days; P < 0.05). The amelioration of Pediatric Ulcerative Colitis Activity Index score between before and 1 week after pulse steroid therapy was significantly more than that of conventional treatment (P < 0.01). No serious adverse effects were observed in the patients treated with pulse steroid therapy. However, the rate of the relapse episodes during the next 12 months after pulse steroid therapy was not significantly different from that after conventional treatment. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that pulse steroid therapy is an option to be considered in children with moderate-to-severe UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Abstract
This review reports the beneficial effects, observed in our clinical studies, of Bifidobacterium breve for premature infants, and children with cancers undergoing chemotherapy. To investigate the protective effects of B. breve (M-16V) as a probiotic on necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and infection in premature infants, we carried out a clinical study in 338 very low birth weight infants over a five-year period. These patients were supplemented with B. breve starting several hours after birth (Bifido group). 226 premature infants served as controls. Infants of the Bifido group were administered B. breve in a daily dose of 1×10(9) cells/day. The incidence of NEC was significantly reduced in the Bifido group (nil) compared with that in controls (6 cases, P<0.01). Infection also decreased significantly. Thus, administration of B. breve as a probiotic looks to be a very effective treatment for preventing NEC and infection in preterm infants. Mucositis, also referred to as mucosal barrier injury, is one of the most debilitating side effects of chemotherapy treatment. To evaluate the effects of the administration of B. breve (BBG-01, another strain than that used in the study of premature infants), a clinical study was performed to ascertain whether it attenuated intestinal mucositis in children with cancers on chemotherapy. A placebo-controlled trial was performed in patients with malignancies admitted for chemotherapy (n=42), who were randomised into two groups receiving probiotic or placebo. The frequency of fever and the use of intravenous antibiotics were significantly lower in the Bifido group than the placebo group. The B. breve administration enhanced the colonisation of anaerobes. Disruption of the intestinal microbiota after chemotherapy, such as the increase in the population levels of Enterobacteriaceae, was more pronounced in the placebo group. In conclusion, these data suggest that administration of B. breve is an effective approach to attenuating chemotherapy-induced mucositis in children with cancers. The study results strongly suggest that B. breve administration as a probiotic is an effective therapy for the prevention of NEC and infection in premature infants, and also a promising treatment for attenuating chemotherapy-induced mucositis in children with cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamashiro
- Department of Probiotics Research Laboratory, Juntendo University, Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo 113-8421, Japan.
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Yamakawa Y, Ohtsuka Y, Ohtani K, Fujii T, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y, Shimizu T. Effects of leukotriene receptor antagonists on peripheral eosinophil counts and serum IgE levels in children with food allergy. Drugs R D 2011; 10:147-54. [PMID: 20945945 PMCID: PMC3586155 DOI: 10.2165/11586150-000000000-00000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the efficacy of leukotriene receptor antagonists (LTRAs) for bronchial asthma is already established, their effect on food allergy remains unclear. OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of LTRAs in children with food allergy. METHODS This retrospective study examined 65 children with food allergy who were aged between 3 and 36 months (mean 14 ± 9.6 months) from 2005 to 2008. Thirty-two children were treated as a dietary control group by avoiding any antigenic foods to which they had previously experienced adverse reactions. The remaining 33 children, designated the LTRA group, were treated with pranlukast (7 mg/kg bodyweight/day) in addition to maintaining dietary control. Clinical symptoms and laboratory data before and after 1 year of treatment were compared between the groups. RESULTS Allergic symptoms improved in both the dietary controlled and LTRA groups, and there was no significant difference observed in the clinical parameters examined between the groups after the 1-year trial. Peripheral eosinophil count, serum IgE, interleukin (IL)-4, IL-5, IL-6, and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) levels in children with food allergy were above standardized values in both groups. Although both the dietary controlled and LTRA groups showed a decreased eosinophil count (-273 ± 232 vs -595 ± 295/μL; p < 0.05 and p < 0.001, respectively), only children treated with LTRA showed a significant decrease in serum IgE (-73.5 ± 115 IU/mL; p < 0.01); conversely, the control group exhibited a significant increase in serum IgE (+159 ± 138 IU/mL; p < 0.01). Furthermore, the LTRA group also showed a significant decrease in serum IL-4 (54.5 ± 31.0 to 27.3 ± 10.1 pg/mL), IL-5 (6.7 ± 5.2 to 5.0 ± 0.4 pg/mL), and ECP (45.4 ± 15.0 to 15.0 ± 9.8 μg/L) levels (p < 0.05 for each). CONCLUSION Early intervention with LTRAs may be effective in regulating eosinophil count and serum IgE, IL-4, IL-5, and ECP levels. These data support the potential effectiveness of LTRAs in young children with food allergy to prevent further allergic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoko Yamakawa
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Suzuki M, Muraji T, Obatake M, Nio M, Ito K, Suzuki K, Ota K, Maisawa S, Yamashiro Y, Shimizu T. Urinary sulfated bile acid analysis for the early detection of biliary atresia in infants. Pediatr Int 2011; 53:497-500. [PMID: 21040191 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2010.03268.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Measurement of urinary sulfated bile acid (USBA) is a non-invasive method to detect bile congestion. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of USBA analysis for the early detection of biliary atresia (BA). METHODS We determined the USBA-to-creatinine ratio (USBA/cr) in 1148 infants at 10-40 days after birth. All infants were followed until the 3- to 4-month postnatal routine health check. The cutoff value for USBA/cr was 55.0 µmol/g creatinine. RESULTS Among the infants tested, 47 (4.10%) had USBA/cr ratios that exceeded the cutoff value. Two of these 47 infants had liver disease; one was diagnosed with neonatal hepatitis syndrome, and the other was diagnosed with BA. The BA patient underwent USBA analysis for the first time on day 18 after birth and hepatoportoenterostomy on day 49. No other infants were diagnosed with hepatobiliary disease during the follow-up period. CONCLUSION This USBA analysis provided the correct assessment without fail and identified a case of BA. This approach could be used for the screening and early detection of BA when the false-positive rate is decreased by improving the methods for sample collection and urine storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuyoshi Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
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Suzuki Y, Shichishima T, Yamashiro Y, Kimura H, Ishii R, Miyazaki K, Horie R, Moriya T, Hattori Y. A patient with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia presenting with an extremely high level (21.0%) of HbA1c. Ann Clin Biochem 2011; 48:474-7. [DOI: 10.1258/acb.2011.010121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Ohtsuka Y, Okada K, Yamakawa Y, Ikuse T, Baba Y, Inage E, Fujii T, Izumi H, Oshida K, Nagata S, Yamashiro Y, Shimizu T. ω-3 fatty acids attenuate mucosal inflammation in premature rat pups. J Pediatr Surg 2011; 46:489-95. [PMID: 21376198 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpedsurg.2010.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2010] [Revised: 07/27/2010] [Accepted: 07/27/2010] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is a devastating intestinal disease of premature infants. Although ω-3 fatty acids are known to have antiinflammatory effects, their effect against NEC remains unclear. METHODS Mother rats fed a soybean-based, docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)- or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA)-enriched diet from days 7 to 20 of gestation were examined. On day 20, the rat pups were delivered by abdominal incision, their intestines were removed, and messenger RNA was extracted. A rat NEC model was used to confirm the effects of ω-3 fatty acids on the inflamed intestine (n = 20-28). The expression of inflammatory molecules was analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (n = 11-14). RESULTS The concentrations of DHA and EPA in the intestine were significantly increased in the DHA and EPA groups (P < .01). The expression of the antiinflammatory prostaglandin E2 receptor EP3 was increased in the DHA (P < .05) and EPA groups (P < .01). In the NEC model, the reduced incidence of colitis was confirmed in the DHA and EPA groups. The expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ was increased (P < .05), and the inhibitor of nuclear factor-κB α/β decreased in both the DHA (P < .01) and EPA groups (P < .05). CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that ω-3 fatty acids are beneficial for protecting the premature intestine from inflammation by regulating eicosanoid- and nuclear factor-κB-related metabolite expression.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Animals, Newborn
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/administration & dosage
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology
- Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/administration & dosage
- Dietary Fats, Unsaturated/therapeutic use
- Disease Models, Animal
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/administration & dosage
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/pharmacology
- Docosahexaenoic Acids/therapeutic use
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/administration & dosage
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/pharmacology
- Eicosapentaenoic Acid/therapeutic use
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/chemically induced
- Enterocolitis, Necrotizing/prevention & control
- Fatty Acids/analysis
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Ileum/chemistry
- Ileum/drug effects
- Ileum/embryology
- Infant Food/toxicity
- Intestinal Mucosa/drug effects
- Maternal-Fetal Exchange
- Models, Animal
- NF-kappa B/drug effects
- PPAR gamma/biosynthesis
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- Pregnancy
- Random Allocation
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Prostaglandin E, EP3 Subtype/genetics
- Soybean Oil
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Ohtsuka
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescence Medicine, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Aoyagi Y, Nagata S, Kudo T, Fujii T, Wada M, Chiba Y, Ohtsuka Y, Yamashiro Y, Shimizu T, Ohkusa T. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ 2 mutation may cause a subset of ulcerative colitis. Pediatr Int 2010; 52:729-34. [PMID: 20591056 DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-200x.2010.03195.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM Previous studies suggest the homeostasis between acquisition of tolerance to the indigenous microflora and protective immune responses appears to be disrupted in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Some experimental studies indicate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) has been implicated as a regulator of intestinal inflammatory responses. In addition, the toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 can regulate expression of PPARγ in colonic epithelial cells. We attempted to demonstrate whether the functional imbalance between TLRs and PPARγ could lead to the onset and some polymorphisms of those genes could contribute to susceptibility to IBD. METHODS RT-PCR analysis were performed to detect TLR4 and PPARγ mRNA associated with those of P65 of NFκB, TNFα, MyD88, NOD2/CARD15, TLR-2,5,9, in the diseased colonic mucosa in ulcerative colitis (UC; n = 13) and Crohn's disease (CD; n = 7) compared with normal controls (n = 18). Consequently, we genotyped UC (n = 29) and CD (n = 10) compared with normal controls (n = 134) for the prevalence of suspicious mutations. RESULTS In a subset of UC patients who were revealed to carry PPARγ Pro12Ala mutation later, impaired expression of normal PPARγ mRNA was noted in the diseased mucosa accompanied with upregulations of MyD88 TLR-4, 5, 9, P65 and TNFα in mRNA levels. The prevalence of PPARγ Pro12Ala mutation was more frequently found in UC patients compared with CD patients and normal controls (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggested that imbalances between TLRs and PPARγ in response to luminal bacteria could lead to colonic inflammation in some UC patients. Alternative explanations will be needed for the onset of the rest of UC and CD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yo Aoyagi
- Department of Pediatrics, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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