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Mohamed Rasheed ZB, Hong J, Yaacob H, Omar SZ. Prevalence of Preterm Birth and Perinatal Outcomes in a Tertiary Hospital in Malaysia. Cureus 2024; 16:e55284. [PMID: 38562268 PMCID: PMC10982130 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Preterm birth (PTB) is defined as neonates that are born alive >22 weeks of gestation and <37 weeks of gestation. Because of the immaturity of different organ systems, 14.84 million newborns worldwide are born prematurely, which is the largest contributing factor to mortality and morbidity. Although studies have been conducted in this field, the magnitude of PTB is a major issue in most developing countries including Malaysia. Objective To assess the prevalence of PTB and the perinatal outcome among women delivered in a tertiary university hospital in Malaysia. Methods This was a cross-sectional study evaluating all singleton live births weighing>500g and delivered at >22+1 weeks of gestation between January 2015 and December 2019 in Universiti Malaya Medical Centre (UMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Data were collected from the hospital's recorded birth registry. The primary outcome was the PTB rate. Data were entered and analysed using Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) (version 28.0; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY). Results A total of 26,022 singleton live births were reported for the period 2015-2019. PTB rates showed a sharp 6% decrease from 2015 to 2016, after which the trend was inconsistent until 2019. The risk of preterm babies being admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) or the ward compared to the risk of neonatal mortality increases for babies of identified sex, delivered via caesarean, and with a birth weight between 2 and 3 kgs. Babies born at a gestational age between 22+1 and 33+6 have a higher risk of neonatal mortality compared to late preterm babies. Conclusions The PTB incidence trend was inconsistent from 2015 to 2019 in a tertiary university hospital in Malaysia, with a far higher prevalence compared to national data. The high NICU admission and mortality rates among preterm infants mean urgent strategies and policies are needed to improve perinatal outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahirrah Begam Mohamed Rasheed
- Department of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Bioscience, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Jesrine Hong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Hannuun Yaacob
- Department of Decision Science, Faculty of Business and Economics, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
| | - Siti Zawiah Omar
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MYS
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Azami NAM, Perera D, Thayan R, AbuBakar S, Sam IC, Salleh MZ, Isa MNM, Ab Mutalib NS, Aik WK, Suppiah J, Tan KK, Chan YF, Teh LK, Azzam G, Rasheed ZBM, Chan JCJ, Kamel KA, Tan JY, Khalilur Rahman O, Lim WF, Johari NA, Ishak M, Yunos RIM, Anasir MI, Wong JE, Fu JYL, Noorizhab MNF, Sapian IS, Mokhtar MFM, Md Shahri NAA, Ghafar K, Yusuf SNHM, Noor YM, Jamal R. SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance in Malaysia: displacement of B.1.617.2 with AY lineages as the dominant Delta variants and the introduction of Omicron during the fourth epidemic wave. Int J Infect Dis 2022; 125:216-226. [PMID: 36336246 PMCID: PMC9632236 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2022.10.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study reported SARS-CoV-2 whole genome sequencing results from June 2021 to January 2022 from seven genome sequencing centers in Malaysia as part of the national surveillance program. METHODS COVID-19 samples that tested positive by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and with cycle threshold values <30 were obtained throughout Malaysia. Sequencing of SARS-CoV-2 complete genomes was performed using Illumina, Oxford Nanopore, or Ion Torrent platforms. A total of 6163 SARS-CoV-2 complete genome sequences were generated over the surveillance period. All sequences were submitted to the Global Initiative on Sharing All Influenza Data database. RESULTS From June 2021 to January 2022, Malaysia experienced the fourth wave of COVID-19 dominated by the Delta variant of concern, including the original B.1.617.2 lineage and descendant AY lineages. The B.1.617.2 lineage was identified as the early dominant circulating strain throughout the country but over time, was displaced by AY.59 and AY.79 lineages in Peninsular (west) Malaysia, and the AY.23 lineage in east Malaysia. In December 2021, pilgrims returning from Saudi Arabia facilitated the introduction and spread of the BA.1 lineage (Omicron variant of concern) in the country. CONCLUSION The changing trends of circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages were identified, with differences observed between west and east Malaysia. This initiative highlighted the importance of leveraging research expertise in the country to facilitate pandemic response and preparedness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nor Azila Muhammad Azami
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - David Perera
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ravindran Thayan
- Virology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Sazaly AbuBakar
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - I-Ching Sam
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Zaki Salleh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Noor Mat Isa
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nurul Syakima Ab Mutalib
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wong Kiing Aik
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Jeyanthi Suppiah
- Virology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Kim-Kee Tan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yoke Fun Chan
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lay Kek Teh
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ghows Azzam
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; School of Biological Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | | | - Jonathan Chia Jui Chan
- Institute of Health and Community Medicine, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Khayri Azizi Kamel
- Virology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jia-Yi Tan
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Omar Khalilur Rahman
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Wai Feng Lim
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nor Azfa Johari
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Muhiddin Ishak
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ryia Illani Mohd Yunos
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Ishtiaq Anasir
- Virology Unit, Infectious Diseases Research Centre, Institute for Medical Research, National Institutes of Health, Ministry of Health, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Jo-Ern Wong
- Tropical Infectious Diseases Research & Education Centre (TIDREC), Higher Institution Center of Excellence (HICoE), Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jolene Yin Ling Fu
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nur Fakhruzzaman Noorizhab
- Integrative Pharmacogenomics Institute, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Selangor Branch, Puncak Alam Campus, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Irni Suhayu Sapian
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | | | | | - Khairun Ghafar
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Yusuf Muhammad Noor
- Malaysia Genome and Vaccine Institute, National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rahman Jamal
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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