1
|
Chen YX, Shi C, Deng J, Diao C, Maarouf N, Rosin M, Shrivastava V, Hu AA, Bharadwa S, Adijiang A, Ulke-Lemee A, Gwilym B, Hellmich A, Malozzi C, Batulan Z, Dean JLE, Ramirez FD, Liu J, Gerthoffer WT, O’Brien ER. HSP25 Vaccination Attenuates Atherogenesis via Upregulation of LDLR Expression, Lowering of PCSK9 Levels and Curbing of Inflammation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2021; 41:e338-e353. [PMID: 33792343 PMCID: PMC8159870 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.121.315933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Animals
- Antibodies/blood
- Aorta/drug effects
- Aorta/enzymology
- Aorta/immunology
- Aorta/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/enzymology
- Aortic Diseases/immunology
- Aortic Diseases/pathology
- Aortic Diseases/prevention & control
- Atherosclerosis/enzymology
- Atherosclerosis/immunology
- Atherosclerosis/pathology
- Atherosclerosis/prevention & control
- Case-Control Studies
- Cholesterol/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Heat-Shock Proteins/administration & dosage
- Heat-Shock Proteins/immunology
- Heat-Shock Proteins/metabolism
- Hep G2 Cells
- Humans
- Immunogenicity, Vaccine
- Male
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout, ApoE
- Middle Aged
- Molecular Chaperones/administration & dosage
- Molecular Chaperones/immunology
- Molecular Chaperones/metabolism
- Plaque, Atherosclerotic
- Proprotein Convertase 9/metabolism
- Receptors, LDL/genetics
- Receptors, LDL/metabolism
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/administration & dosage
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Mice
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chunhua Shi
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jingti Deng
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Catherine Diao
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nadia Maarouf
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Matthew Rosin
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Vipul Shrivastava
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Angie A. Hu
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sonya Bharadwa
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayinuer Adijiang
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Annegret Ulke-Lemee
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Brenig Gwilym
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Alexandria Hellmich
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Christopher Malozzi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Alabama Medical Center, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Zarah Batulan
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jonathan L. E. Dean
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - F. Daniel Ramirez
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, Division of Cardiology, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, California
| | - William T. Gerthoffer
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of South Alabama College of Medicine, Mobile, AL, USA
| | - Edward R. O’Brien
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Maarouf N, Chen YX, Shi C, Deng J, Diao C, Rosin M, Shrivastava V, Batulan Z, Liu J, O’Brien ER. Unlike estrogens that increase PCSK9 levels post-menopause HSP27 vaccination lowers cholesterol levels and atherogenesis due to divergent effects on PCSK9 and LDLR. Pharmacol Res 2020; 161:105222. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
|
3
|
Chiu MH, Shi C, Rosin M, Batulan Z, O'Brien ER. Biophysical analyses and functional implications of the interaction between Heat Shock Protein 27 and antibodies to HSP27. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:1536-1546. [PMID: 31136785 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27) is a small molecular chaperone that reduces the development of atherosclerosis by lowering plasma cholesterol levels as well as inflammation. Human studies show an inverse correlation between atherosclerotic burden and HSP27 expression, and are supported by murine models in which augmenting HSP27 levels curbs experimental atherogenesis. Natural HSP27 auto-antibodies (AAb) are found in human plasma, however their role in modulating the athero-protective effects of HSP27 is unknown. The purpose of this study is to characterize the biophysical interaction between human recombinant HSP27 and AAb. A validated polyclonal anti-HSP27 IgG antibody (PAb) was used to mimic natural AAb. Homology modeling and secondary structure prediction tools facilitated the design of HSP27 truncation and phosphorylation mutants. Secondary structural changes were identified using Circular Dichroism (CD) and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). Similar to prior structural investigations of HSP27, there was a predominance of α-helical content in the N-terminal truncation and dephosphorylation ("AA") mutants. The α-crystallin domain (ACD) predominantly consists of β-strands, with the addition of the N-terminal increasing helical content and the C-terminal maintaining β structure. With increasing ratios of PAb to HSP27 β structure abundance and particle size increased, with a similar trend observed with the N-terminus, C-terminus and ACD peptides but an opposite trend with the phosphorylation peptides. Taken together, these studies provide insights into the interaction of HSP27 and its AAb that ultimately may aid in optimizing the design of HSP27 peptidomimetics with anti-atherogenic potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael H Chiu
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Chunhua Shi
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Matthew Rosin
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Zarah Batulan
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Edward R O'Brien
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Chiu M, Clarkson M, Batulan Z, O'Brien E. CLUES TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE ANTI-ATHEROSCLEROTIC HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN 27 IMMUNOTHERAPY FROM THE BIOPHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF THE HSP27 IMMUNE COMPLEX. Can J Cardiol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2018.07.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
5
|
Shi C, Ulke-Lemée A, Deng J, Batulan Z, O'Brien ER. Characterization of heat shock protein 27 in extracellular vesicles: a potential anti-inflammatory therapy. FASEB J 2018; 33:1617-1630. [PMID: 30188755 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800987r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Previously, we reported that elevated serum levels of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) are predictive of a lower risk of having a heart attack, stroke, or death from cardiovascular disease. Moreover, augmenting HSP27 (or the murine ortholog, HSP25) attenuated experimental atherogenesis, reduced inflammation, and lowered cholesterol levels. Recently, we noted that HSP27 activates NF-κB via TLR-4, resulting in attenuation of plaque inflammation; however, the precise anti-atherosclerosis mechanisms mediated by extracellular HSP27 are incompletely understood. Our purpose in this study was to investigate the existence of HSP27 in extracellular vesicles (EVs) and whether HSP27 elicited atheroprotective effects on target cells. Here, we provide evidence that HSP27 localizes to EVs derived from THP-1 cells using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and immunogold labeling, Western blotting, ELISA, and fluorescence-activated cell sorting. TEM imaging indicated that HSP27 is found at the exosomal membrane. Multiple reactor monitor-mass spectrometric analysis of large vesicles, which included microparticles and exosomes, isolated from human plasma, also led to detection of HSP27 using the unique signature peptide, R.LFDQAFGLPR.L. Studies using THP-1 and human embryonic kidney cells show that HSP27-laden exosomes significantly stimulated NF-κB activation ( P < 0.001) and release of IL-10 ( P < 0.0001), suggesting that HSP27 may be important exosomal cargo with beneficial anti-inflammatory effects.-Shi, C., Ulke-Lemée, A., Deng, J., Batulan, Z., O'Brien, E. R. Characterization of heat shock protein 27 in extracellular vesicles: a potential anti-inflammatory therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chunhua Shi
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Annegret Ulke-Lemée
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jingti Deng
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zarah Batulan
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward R O'Brien
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
O'Brien E, Shi C, Deng J, Diao C, Clarkson M, Shrivastava V, Adijian A, Hu A, Chiu M, Gwilym B, Hellmich A, Malozzi C, Batulan Z, Gertoffer W, Chen YX. HSP27 immunization attenuates atherogenesis by markedly reducing plasma PCSK9 and cholesterol levels. Atherosclerosis 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2018.06.451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
|
7
|
Maarouf N, Shrivastava V, Batulan Z, O’Brien E. Heat Shock Protein 25 Immunization Abrogates Atherogenesis after Ovariectomy via the Cholesterol/PCSK9 Pathway. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2018.04.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
|
8
|
Chen YX, Shi C, Deng J, Diao C, Clarkson M, Shrivastava V, Adijiang A, Hu A, Chiu MH, Gwilym B, Hellmich A, Malozzi C, Batulan Z, O’Brien ER, Gerthoffer W. HSP27 Immunization Attenuates Atherogenesis by Markedly Reducing Plasma PCSK9 and Cholesterol Levels. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosissup.2018.04.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
9
|
Batulan Z, Maarouf N, Shrivastava V, O'Brien E. Prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy & surgical menopause for inherited risks of cancer: the need to identify biomarkers to assess the theoretical risk of premature coronary artery disease. Womens Midlife Health 2018; 4:7. [PMID: 30766717 PMCID: PMC6297996 DOI: 10.1186/s40695-018-0037-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Some women with genetic risk of breast and/or ovarian cancer (e.g., BRCA1/2) opt to undergo prophylactic salpingo-oophorectomy (PSO, or surgical removal of the ovaries & fallopian tubes) in order to reduce their risk of cancer. As a consequence, these women experience “surgical menopause” – accompanied by more severe climacteric symptoms that occur in a much shorter time frame. While the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) rises with menopause, little is known about how the sudden loss of ovarian function from PSO alters the whole-body physiology, and whether it predisposes women to premature CAD. Methods/Design To manage CAD risk there is a prerequisite for reliable biomarkers that can help guide risk assessment and therapeutic interventions. To address these needs, this prospective, observational cohort study will evaluate surrogate markers reflective of CAD health in women experiencing surgical menopause after PSO. Twenty women representing each of the following groups will be enrolled over 3 years (total participants = 240): (i) pre-menopausal PSO, (ii) post-menopausal PSO, (iii) pre-menopausal women undergoing other pelvic surgery, and (iv) pre-menopausal controls (no surgery). All participants will provide blood plasma samples pre- and 1, 3, 6, & 12 months post-operatively, with serial samples collectively assessed for measurements of the study’s primary endpoints of interest. These include a hormone profile (estradiol, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and progesterone) and both conventional (lipid profile) and novel biomarkers (Heat Shock Protein 27 (HSP27), HSP27-antibodies (HSP27 Ab), proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9), inflammatory cytokines) of CAD. Another aspect of this study is the measurement and analysis of retinal vessel diameters – an emerging physiological parameter reflective of CAD risk. Finally, a patient engagement exercise will result in the drafting of patient-generated questionnaires that address the well-being and health concerns of these women as they transition through premature menopause and work with our research team to identify and discuss their health priorities. Discussion The protocol of our planned study investigating the effects of PSO on CAD is described herein. Characterization of novel CAD markers in women experiencing surgical menopause will yield new insights into the role of the functional ovary in modulating lipid parameters and other CAD risk factors such as HSP27 and HSP27 Ab.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarah Batulan
- 1Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Centre, GB42, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Nadia Maarouf
- 1Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Centre, GB42, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Vipul Shrivastava
- 1Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Centre, GB42, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
| | - Edward O'Brien
- 1Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary, Health Research Innovation Centre, GB42, 3280 Hospital Dr NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada.,Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Health Research Innovation Centre, Room GAA16, 3280 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4Z6 Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Alvarez-Olmedo DG, Biaggio VS, Koumbadinga GA, Gómez NN, Shi C, Ciocca DR, Batulan Z, Fanelli MA, O'Brien ER. Recombinant heat shock protein 27 (HSP27/HSPB1) protects against cadmium-induced oxidative stress and toxicity in human cervical cancer cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2017; 22:357-369. [PMID: 28337643 PMCID: PMC5425366 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-017-0768-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Revised: 01/14/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a carcinogen with several well-described toxicological effects in humans, but its molecular mechanisms are still not fully understood. Overexpression of heat shock protein 27 (HSP27/HSPB1)-a multifunctional protein chaperone-has been shown to protect cells from oxidative damage and apoptosis triggered by Cd exposure. The aims of this work were to investigate the potential use of extracellular recombinant HSP27 to prevent/counteract Cd-induced cellular toxicity and to evaluate if peroxynitrite was involved in the development of Cd-induced toxicity. Here, we report that the harmful effects of Cd correlated with changes in oxidative stress markers: upregulation of reactive oxygen species, reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability, increment in lipid peroxidation, peroxynitrite (PN), and protein nitration; intracellular HSP27 was reduced. Treatments with Cd (100 μM) for 24 h or with the peroxynitrite donor, SIN-1, decreased HSP27 levels (~50%), suggesting that PN formation is responsible for the reduction of HSP27. Pre-treatments of the cells either with Nω-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME) (a pharmacological inhibitor of NO synthase) or with recombinant HSP27 (rHSP27) attenuated the disruption of the cellular metabolism induced by Cd, increasing in a 55 and 52%, respectively, the cell viability measured by CCK-8. Cd induced necrotic cell death pathways, although apoptosis was also activated; pre-treatment with L-NAME or rHSP27 mitigated cell death. Our findings show for the first time a direct relationship between Cd-induced toxicity and PN production and a role for rHSP27 as a potential therapeutic agent that may counteract Cd toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daiana G Alvarez-Olmedo
- Oncology Laboratory at the Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT CONICET Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal S/N Parque Gral. San Martin, CP 5500, Mendoza, CP, Argentina
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Room C823, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Veronica S Biaggio
- Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, IMIBIO-SL, CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Geremy A Koumbadinga
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Room C823, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Nidia N Gómez
- Department of Biochemistry and Biological Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmacy, National University of San Luis, IMIBIO-SL, CONICET, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Chunhua Shi
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Room C823, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Daniel R Ciocca
- Oncology Laboratory at the Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT CONICET Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal S/N Parque Gral. San Martin, CP 5500, Mendoza, CP, Argentina
| | - Zarah Batulan
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Room C823, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada
| | - Mariel A Fanelli
- Oncology Laboratory at the Institute of Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT CONICET Mendoza, Av. Ruiz Leal S/N Parque Gral. San Martin, CP 5500, Mendoza, CP, Argentina.
| | - Edward R O'Brien
- Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, Foothills Medical Centre, University of Calgary, Room C823, 1403-29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, T2N 2T9, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Pulakazhi Venu VK, Adijiang A, Seibert T, Chen YX, Shi C, Batulan Z, O'Brien ER. Heat shock protein 27-derived atheroprotection involves reverse cholesterol transport that is dependent on GM-CSF to maintain ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression in ApoE -/- mice. FASEB J 2017; 31:2364-2379. [PMID: 28232480 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201601188r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recently, we demonstrated that heat shock protein (HSP)-27 is protective against the development of experimental atherosclerosis, reducing plaque cholesterol content by more than 30%. Moreover, elevated HSP-27 levels are predictive of relative freedom from clinical cardiovascular events. HSP-27 signaling occurs via the activation of NF-κB, which induces a marked up-regulation in expression of granulocyte-monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), a cytokine that is known to alter ABC transporters involved in reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Therefore, we hypothesized that HSP-27-derived GM-CSF has a potent role in impeding plaque formation by promoting macrophage RCT and sought to better characterize this pathway. Treatment of THP-1 cells, RAW-Blue cells, and primary macrophages with recombinant HSP-27 resulted in NF-κB activation via TLR-4 and was inhibited by various pharmacologic blockers of this pathway. Moreover, HSP-27-induced upregulation of GM-CSF expression was dependent on TLR-4 signaling. Recombinant (r)HSP-27 treatment of ApoE-/- female (but not male) mice for 4 wk yielded reductions in plaque area and cholesterol clefts of 33 and 47%, respectively, with no effect on GM-CSF-/-ApoE-/- mice. With 12 wk of rHSP-27 treatment, both female and male mice showed reductions in plaque burden (55 and 42%, respectively) and a 60% reduction in necrotic core area but no treatment effect in GM-CSF-/-ApoE-/- mice. In vitro functional studies revealed that HSP-27 enhanced the expression of ABCA1 and ABCG1, as well as facilitated cholesterol efflux in vitro by ∼10%. These novel findings establish a paradigm for HSP-27-mediated RCT and set the stage for the development of HSP-27 atheroprotective therapeutics.-Pulakazhi Venu, V. K., Adijiang, A., Seibert, T., Chen, Y.-X., Shi, C., Batulan, Z., O'Brien, E. R. Heat shock protein 27-derived atheroprotection involves reverse cholesterol transport that is dependent on GM-CSF to maintain ABCA1 and ABCG1 expression in ApoE-/- mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivek Krishna Pulakazhi Venu
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ayinuer Adijiang
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tara Seibert
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yong-Xiang Chen
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Chunhua Shi
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Zarah Batulan
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Edward R O'Brien
- Department of Cardiac Sciences, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Batulan Z, Pulakazhi Venu VK, Li Y, Koumbadinga G, Alvarez-Olmedo DG, Shi C, O'Brien ER. Extracellular Release and Signaling by Heat Shock Protein 27: Role in Modifying Vascular Inflammation. Front Immunol 2016; 7:285. [PMID: 27507972 PMCID: PMC4960997 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 27 (HSP27) is traditionally viewed as an intracellular chaperone protein with anti-apoptotic properties. However, recent data indicate that a number of heat shock proteins, including HSP27, are also found in the extracellular space where they may signal via membrane receptors to alter gene transcription and cellular function. Therefore, there is increasing interest in better understanding how HSP27 is released from cells, its levels and composition in the extracellular space, and the cognate cell membrane receptors involved in effecting cell signaling. In this paper, the knowledge to date, as well as some emerging paradigms about the extracellular function of HSP27 is presented. Of particular interest is the role of HSP27 in attenuating atherogenesis by modifying lipid uptake and inflammation in the plaque. Moreover, the abundance of HSP27 in serum is an emerging new biomarker for ischemic events. Finally, HSP27 replacement therapy may represent a novel therapeutic opportunity for chronic inflammatory disorders, such as atherosclerosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarah Batulan
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Health Research Innovation Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, AB , Canada
| | - Vivek Krishna Pulakazhi Venu
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Health Research Innovation Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, AB , Canada
| | - Yumei Li
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Health Research Innovation Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, AB , Canada
| | - Geremy Koumbadinga
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Health Research Innovation Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, AB , Canada
| | - Daiana Gisela Alvarez-Olmedo
- Oncology Laboratory, Institute for Experimental Medicine and Biology of Cuyo (IMBECU), CCT CONICET , Mendoza , Argentina
| | - Chunhua Shi
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Health Research Innovation Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, AB , Canada
| | - Edward R O'Brien
- Vascular Biology Laboratory, Health Research Innovation Centre, Libin Cardiovascular Institute of Alberta, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine , Calgary, AB , Canada
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels play a central role in the generation of action potentials in the nervous system. They are selective for one type of ion - sodium, calcium, or potassium. Voltage-gated ion channels are composed of a central pore that allows ions to pass through the membrane and four peripheral voltage sensing domains that respond to changes in the membrane potential. Upon depolarization, voltage sensors in voltage-gated potassium channels (Kv) undergo conformational changes driven by positive charges in the S4 segment and aided by pairwise electrostatic interactions with the surrounding voltage sensor. Structure-function relations of Kv channels have been investigated in detail, and the resulting models on the movement of the voltage sensors now converge to a consensus; the S4 segment undergoes a combined movement of rotation, tilt, and vertical displacement in order to bring 3-4e(+) each through the electric field focused in this region. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which the voltage sensor movement leads to pore opening, the electromechanical coupling, is still not fully understood. Thus, recently, electromechanical coupling in different Kv channels has been investigated with a multitude of techniques including electrophysiology, 3D crystal structures, fluorescence spectroscopy, and molecular dynamics simulations. Evidently, the S4-S5 linker, the covalent link between the voltage sensor and pore, plays a crucial role. The linker transfers the energy from the voltage sensor movement to the pore domain via an interaction with the S6 C-termini, which are pulled open during gating. In addition, other contact regions have been proposed. This review aims to provide (i) an in-depth comparison of the molecular mechanisms of electromechanical coupling in different Kv channels; (ii) insight as to how the voltage sensor and pore domain influence one another; and (iii) theoretical predictions on the movement of the cytosolic face of the Kv channels during gating.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rikard Blunck
- Groupe d’étude des protéines membranairesMontreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Université de MontréalMontreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physics, Université de MontréalMontreal, QC, Canada
| | - Zarah Batulan
- Groupe d’étude des protéines membranairesMontreal, QC, Canada
- Department of Physiology, Université de MontréalMontreal, QC, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Batulan Z, Haddad GA, Blunck R. An intersubunit interaction between S4-S5 linker and S6 is responsible for the slow off-gating component in Shaker K+ channels. J Biol Chem 2010; 285:14005-19. [PMID: 20202932 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m109.097717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Voltage-gated ion channels are controlled by the membrane potential, which is sensed by peripheral, positively charged voltage sensors. The movement of the charged residues in the voltage sensor may be detected as gating currents. In Shaker K(+) channels, the gating currents are asymmetric; although the on-gating currents are fast, the off-gating currents contain a slow component. This slow component is caused by a stabilization of the activated state of the voltage sensor and has been suggested to be linked to ion permeation or C-type inactivation. The molecular determinants responsible for the stabilization, however, remain unknown. Here, we identified an interaction between Arg-394, Glu-395, and Leu-398 on the C termini of the S4-S5 linker and Tyr-485 on the S6 of the neighboring subunit, which is responsible for the development of the slow off-gating component. Mutation of residues involved in this intersubunit interaction modulated the strength of the associated interaction. Impairment of the interaction still led to pore opening but did not exhibit slow gating kinetics. Development of this interaction occurs under physiological ion conduction and is correlated with pore opening. We, thus, suggest that the above residues stabilize the channel in the open state.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarah Batulan
- Département de Physique and Groupe d'Etude des Protéines Membranaires, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec H3C 3J7 Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Batulan Z, Haddad GA, Blunck R. Molecular Determinants of the Slow Off-Gating Component in Shaker K+ Channels. Biophys J 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2009.12.2838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
|
16
|
Batulan Z, Haddad GA, Marsolais M, Blunck R. Investigating the Electromechanical Coupling in voltage-gated K+ channels. Biophys J 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2008.12.1990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
|
17
|
Batulan Z, Taylor DM, Aarons RJ, Minotti S, Doroudchi MM, Nalbantoglu J, Durham HD. Induction of multiple heat shock proteins and neuroprotection in a primary culture model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neurobiol Dis 2006; 24:213-25. [PMID: 16950627 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2006.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2006] [Revised: 05/29/2006] [Accepted: 06/28/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
High threshold for stress-induced activation of the heat shock transcription factor, Hsf1, may contribute to vulnerability of motor neurons to disease and limit efficacy of agents promoting expression of neuroprotective heat shock proteins (Hsps) through this transcription factor. Plasmid encoding a constitutively active form of Hsf1, Hsf1act, and chemicals shown to activate Hsf1 in other cells were investigated in a primary culture model of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Hsf1act and the Hsp90 inhibitor, geldanamycin, induced high expression of multiple Hsps in cultured motor neurons and conferred dramatic neuroprotection against SOD1G93A in comparison to Hsp70 or Hsp25 alone. Two other Hsp90 inhibitors, 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin (17-AAG) and radicicol, and pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate induced robust expression of Hsp70 and Hsp40 in motor neurons, but at cytotoxic concentrations. 17-AAG, which penetrates the blood-brain barrier, has exhibited a higher therapeutic index than geldanamycin, but this may not be the case when activation of Hsf1 in neurons is targeted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarah Batulan
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University St., Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Batulan Z, Nalbantoglu J, Durham HD. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs differentially affect the heat shock response in cultured spinal cord cells. Cell Stress Chaperones 2005; 10:185-96. [PMID: 16184763 PMCID: PMC1226016 DOI: 10.1379/csc-30r.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) have been shown to amplify the heat shock response in cell lines by increasing the binding of heat shock transcription factor-1 to heat shock elements within heat shock gene promoters. Because overexpression of the inducible heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) was neuroprotective in a culture model of motor neuron disease, this study investigated whether NSAIDs induce Hsp70 and confer cytoprotection in motor neurons of dissociated spinal cord cultures exposed to various stresses. Two NSAIDs, sodium salicylate and niflumic acid, lowered the temperature threshold for induction of Hsp70 in glia but failed to do so in motor neurons. At concentrations that increased Hsp70 in heat shocked glial cells, sodium salicylate failed to delay death of motor neurons exposed to hyperthermia, paraquat-mediated oxidative stress, and glutamate excitotoxicity. Neither sodium salicylate nor the cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor, niflumic acid, protected motor neurons from the toxicity of mutated Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1) linked to a familial form of the motor neuron disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Thus, treatment with 2 types of NSAIDs failed to overcome the high threshold for the activation of heat shock response in motor neurons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarah Batulan
- Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Batulan Z, Shinder GA, Minotti S, He BP, Doroudchi MM, Nalbantoglu J, Strong MJ, Durham HD. High threshold for induction of the stress response in motor neurons is associated with failure to activate HSF1. J Neurosci 2003; 23:5789-98. [PMID: 12843283 PMCID: PMC6741252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) protects cultured motor neurons from the toxic effects of mutations in Cu/Zn-superoxide dismutase (SOD-1), which is responsible for a familial form of the disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Here, the endogenous heat shock response of motor neurons was investigated to determine whether a high threshold for activating this protective mechanism contributes to their vulnerability to stresses associated with ALS. When heat shocked, cultured motor neurons failed to express Hsp70 or transactivate a green fluorescent protein reporter gene driven by the Hsp70 promoter, although Hsp70 was induced in glial cells. No increase in Hsp70 occurred in motor neurons after exposure to excitotoxic glutamate or expression of mutant SOD-1 with a glycine--> alanine substitution at residue 93 (G93A), nor was Hsp70 increased in spinal cords of G93A SOD-1 transgenic mice or sporadic or familial ALS patients. In contrast, strong Hsp70 induction occurred in motor neurons with expression of a constitutively active form of heat shock transcription factor (HSF)-1 or when proteasome activity was sufficiently inhibited to induce accumulation of an alternative transcription factor HSF2. These results indicate that the high threshold for induction of the stress response in motor neurons stems from an impaired ability to activate the main heat shock-stress sensor, HSF1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zarah Batulan
- Montreal Neurological Institute and Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 2B4
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|