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Wang X, Hu D, Liao F, Chen S, Meng Y, Dai J, Dong TTX, Lao Z, Yu L, Liang Y, Lai X, Tsim KWK, Li G. Comparative proteomic analysis of edible bird's nest from different origins. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15859. [PMID: 37739981 PMCID: PMC10516954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-41851-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Edible bird's nest (EBN) mainly made of saliva that secreted by a variety of swiftlets is a kind of precious traditional Chinese medicine. EBNs from different biological and geographical origins exhibit varieties in morphology, material composition, nutritive value and commercial value. Here, we collected four different EBN samples from Huaiji, China (Grass EBN), Nha Trang, Vietnam (Imperial EBN) and East Kalimantan, Indonesia (White EBN and Feather EBN) respectively, and applied label-free quantitative MS-based proteomics technique to identify its protein composition. First, phylogenetic analysis was performed based on cytb gene to identify its biological origin. Second, a total of 37 proteins of EBNs were identified, among which there were six common proteins that detected in all samples and exhibited relatively higher content. Gene ontology analysis revealed the possible function of EBN proteins, and principal component analysis and hierarchical clustering analysis based on 37 proteins were performed to compare the difference of various EBNs. In summary, our study deciphered the common and characteristic protein components of EBNs of different origins and described their possible functions by GO enrichment analysis, which helps to establish an objective and reliable quality evaluation system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dingwen Hu
- College of Life Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sitai Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Jie Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tina Ting Xia Dong
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangwen Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - Xiaoping Lai
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Karl Wah Keung Tsim
- Division of Life Science and Center for Chinese Medicine, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Geng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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2
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Zhou P, Lao Z, Long H, Pan P, Liao F, Zheng W, Li Z, Dai J, Liu H, Jiang Y, Liu X, Wang W, Wu J, Li G. The in vitro and in vivo antiviral effects of aloperine against Zika virus infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28913. [PMID: 37409639 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) infection poses a significant threat to global public health and is associated with microcephaly. There are no approved ZIKV-specific vaccines or drugs for the clinical treatment of the infection. Currently, there are no approved ZIKV-specific vaccines or drugs for the clinical treatment of the infection. In this study, we investigated the antiviral potential of aloperine, a quinolizidine alkaloid, against ZIKV infection in vivo and in vitro. Our results demonstrate that aloperine effectively inhibits ZIKV infection in vitro, with a low nanomolar half maximal effective concentration (EC50 ). Specifically, aloperine strongly protected cells from ZIKV multiplication, as indicated by decreased expression of viral proteins and virus titer. Our further investigations using the time-of-drug-addition assay, binding, entry, and replication assays, detection of ZIKV strand-specific RNA, the cellular thermal shift assay, and molecular docking revealed that aloperine significantly inhibits the replication stage of the ZIKV life cycle by targeting the domain RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RDRP) of ZIKV NS5 protein. Additionally, aloperine reduced viremia in mice and effectively lowered the mortality rate in infected mice. These findings highlight the potency of aloperine and its ability to target ZIKV infection, suggesting its potential as a promising antiviral drug against ZIKV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiwen Zhou
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Haishan Long
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjiang Zheng
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghui Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianfeng Dai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity, Institute of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Helu Liu
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Medical Research Center, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital, Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
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3
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Yan Q, Zheng W, Jiang Y, Zhou P, Lai Y, Liu C, Wu P, Zhuang H, Huang H, Li G, Zhan S, Lao Z, Liu X. Transcriptomic reveals the ferroptosis features of host response in a mouse model of Zika virus infection. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28386. [PMID: 36477858 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a neurotropic flavivirus. The outbreak of ZIKV in 2016 created a global health emergency. However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms remain elusive. We investigated the host response features of in vivo replication in a mouse model of ZIKV infection, by performing a series of transcriptomic and bioinformatic analyses of ZIKV and mock-infected brain tissue. Tissue damage, inflammatory cells infiltration and high viral replication were observed in the brain tissue of ZIKV infected mice. RNA-Seq of the brain indicated the activation of ferroptosis pathways. Enrichment analysis of ferroptosis regulators revealed their involvement in pathways such as mineral absorption, fatty acid biosynthesis, fatty acid degradation, PPAR signaling pathway, peroxidase, and adipokinesine signalling pathway. We then identified 12 interacted hub ferroptosis regulators (CYBB, HMOX1, CP, SAT1, TF, SLC39A14, FTL, LPCAT3, FTH1, SLC3A2, TP53, and SLC40A1) that were related to the differential expression of CD8+ T cells, microglia and monocytes. CYBB, HMOX1, SALT, and SLAC40A1 were selected as potential biomarkers of ZIKV infection. Finally, we validated our results using RT-qPCR and outside available datasets. For the first time, we proposed a possible mechanism of ferroptosis in brain tissue infected by ZIKV in mice and identified the four key ferroptosis regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yan
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Animal Biosafety Level 2 laboratory (ABSL-2), Animal Laboratory Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjiang Zheng
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Animal Biosafety Level 2 laboratory (ABSL-2), Animal Laboratory Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Peiwen Zhou
- Animal Biosafety Level 3 laboratory (ABSL-3), Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Yanni Lai
- Department of Diagnostics of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), Basic Medical Sciences School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chengxin Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongfa Zhuang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiting Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Animal Biosafety Level 2 laboratory (ABSL-2), Animal Laboratory Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Animal Biosafety Level 2 laboratory (ABSL-2), Animal Laboratory Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center and Department of Respiratory Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine (PCCM), The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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4
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Ou H, Fan Y, Guo X, Lao Z, Zhu M, Li G, Zhao L. Identifying key genes related to inflammasome in severe COVID-19 patients based on a joint model with random forest and artificial neural network. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2023; 13:1139998. [PMID: 37113134 PMCID: PMC10126306 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2023.1139998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been spreading astonishingly and caused catastrophic losses worldwide. The high mortality of severe COVID-19 patients is an serious problem that needs to be solved urgently. However, the biomarkers and fundamental pathological mechanisms of severe COVID-19 are poorly understood. The aims of this study was to explore key genes related to inflammasome in severe COVID-19 and their potential molecular mechanisms using random forest and artificial neural network modeling. Methods Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in severe COVID-19 were screened from GSE151764 and GSE183533 via comprehensive transcriptome Meta-analysis. Protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks and functional analyses were conducted to identify molecular mechanisms related to DEGs or DEGs associated with inflammasome (IADEGs), respectively. Five the most important IADEGs in severe COVID-19 were explored using random forest. Then, we put these five IADEGs into an artificial neural network to construct a novel diagnostic model for severe COVID-19 and verified its diagnostic efficacy in GSE205099. Results Using combining P value < 0.05, we obtained 192 DEGs, 40 of which are IADEGs. The GO enrichment analysis results indicated that 192 DEGs were mainly involved in T cell activation, MHC protein complex and immune receptor activity. The KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that 192 GEGs were mainly involved in Th17 cell differentiation, IL-17 signaling pathway, mTOR signaling pathway and NOD-like receptor signaling pathway. In addition, the top GO terms of 40 IADEGs were involved in T cell activation, immune response-activating signal transduction, external side of plasma membrane and phosphatase binding. The KEGG enrichment analysis results indicated that IADEGs were mainly involved in FoxO signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor, JAK-STAT signaling pathway and Apoptosis. Then, five important IADEGs (AXL, MKI67, CDKN3, BCL2 and PTGS2) for severe COVID-19 were screened by random forest analysis. By building an artificial neural network model, we found that the AUC values of 5 important IADEGs were 0.972 and 0.844 in the train group (GSE151764 and GSE183533) and test group (GSE205099), respectively. Conclusion The five genes related to inflammasome, including AXL, MKI67, CDKN3, BCL2 and PTGS2, are important for severe COVID-19 patients, and these molecules are related to the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome. Furthermore, AXL, MKI67, CDKN3, BCL2 and PTGS2 as a marker combination could be used as potential markers to identify severe COVID-19 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiya Ou
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shenzhen Bao'an Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Guo
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meiling Zhu
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Meiling Zhu, ; Geng Li, ; Lijun Zhao,
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Meiling Zhu, ; Geng Li, ; Lijun Zhao,
| | - Lijun Zhao
- Traditional Chinese Medicine Innovation Research Center, Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
- *Correspondence: Meiling Zhu, ; Geng Li, ; Lijun Zhao,
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5
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Zheng W, Yan Q, Li Z, Wang X, Wu P, Liao F, Lao Z, Jiang Y, Liu X, Zhan S, Li G. Liver transcriptomics reveals features of the host response in a mouse model of dengue virus infection. Front Immunol 2022; 13:892469. [PMID: 36091000 PMCID: PMC9459046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.892469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dengue virus (DENV) infection induces various clinical manifestations and even causes organ injuries, leading to severe dengue haemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome. Hepatic dysfunction was identified as a risk predictor of progression to severe disease during the febrile phase of dengue. However, the underlying mechanisms of hepatic injury remain unclear. Methods A model of dengue disease was established in IFNAR−/− C57BL/6 mice by challenge with DENV-2. Body weight, symptoms, haematological parameters and liver pathological observations in mice were used to determine the effects of DENV infection. Liver transcriptome sequencing was performed to evaluate the features of the host response in IFNAR−/− mice challenged with DENV. Functional enrichment analysis and analysis of significantly differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were used to determine the critical molecular mechanism of hepatic injury. Results We observed haemoconcentration, leukopenia and liver pathologies in mice, consistent with findings in clinical dengue patients. Some differences in gene expression and biological processes were identified in this study. Transcriptional patterns in the liver indicated that antiviral responses to DENV and tissue damage via abnormal expression of proinflammatory cytokines were induced. Further analysis showed that the upregulated DEGs were significantly enriched in the leukocyte transendothelial migration, complement and coagulation cascades, and cytokine-cytokine receptor interactions signalling pathways, which are considered to be closely associated with the pathogenic mechanism of dengue. IL6, IL 10, ICAM-1, VCAM-1, MMP9 and NLRP3 were identified as biomarkers of progression to severe disease. Conclusions The interactions of these cytokines, which activate inflammatory signalling, may lead to organ injury and haemoconcentration and even to vascular leakage in tissues, including the mouse liver. Our study identifies candidate host targets that could be used for further functional verification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjiang Zheng
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qian Yan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zonghui Li
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xianyang Wang
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Peng Wu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Liao
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Liu, ; Shaofeng Zhan, ; Geng Li,
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- The First Clinical Medical School, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Liu, ; Shaofeng Zhan, ; Geng Li,
| | - Geng Li
- Animal Experiment Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaohong Liu, ; Shaofeng Zhan, ; Geng Li,
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6
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Lai Y, Han T, Lao Z, Li G, Xiao J, Liu X. Phillyrin for COVID-19 and Influenza Co-infection: A Potential Therapeutic Strategy Targeting Host Based on Bioinformatics Analysis. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:754241. [PMID: 34803696 PMCID: PMC8599367 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.754241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The risk of co-epidemic between COVID-19 and influenza is very high, so it is urgent to find a treatment strategy for the co-infection. Previous studies have shown that phillyrin can not only inhibit the replication of the two viruses, but also has a good anti-inflammatory effect, which is expected to become a candidate compound against COVID-19 and influenza. Objective: To explore the possibility of phillyrin as a candidate compound for the treatment of COVID-19 and influenza co-infection and to speculate its potential regulatory mechanism. Methods: We used a series of bioinformatics network pharmacology methods to understand and characterize the pharmacological targets, biological functions, and therapeutic mechanisms of phillyrin in COVID-19 and influenza co-infection and discover its therapeutic potential. Results: We revealed potential targets, biological processes, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathways, and upstream pathway activity of phillyrin against COVID-19 and influenza co-infection. We constructed protein-protein interaction (PPI) network and identified 50 hub genes, such as MMP9, IL-2, VEGFA, AKT, and HIF-1A. Furthermore, our findings indicated that the treatment of phillyrin for COVID-19 and influenza co-infection was associated with immune balance and regulation of hypoxia-cytokine storm, including HIF-1 signaling pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, Ras signaling pathway, and T cell receptor signaling pathway. Conclusion: For the first time, we uncovered the potential targets and biological pathways of phillyrin for COVID-19 and influenza co-infection. These findings should solve the urgent problem of co-infection of COVID-19 and influenza that the world will face in the future, but clinical drug trials are needed for verification in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Lai
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shenzhen, China
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianyong Xiao
- Research Center of Integrative Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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7
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Lao Z, Bi F, Fan W, Xu X, Tu W, Shi H. Non-Coplanar vs. Coplanar Intensity-Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) for Protection of Lip and Buccal Mucosa. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.1145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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8
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Pan P, Li G, Shen M, Yu Z, Ge W, Lao Z, Fan Y, Chen K, Ding Z, Wang W, Wan P, Shereen MA, Luo Z, Chen X, Zhang Q, Lin L, Wu J. DENV NS1 and MMP-9 cooperate to induce vascular leakage by altering endothelial cell adhesion and tight junction. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1008603. [PMID: 34310658 PMCID: PMC8341711 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) is a mosquito-borne pathogen that causes a spectrum of diseases including life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and dengue shock syndrome (DSS). Vascular leakage is a common clinical crisis in DHF/DSS patients and highly associated with increased endothelial permeability. The presence of vascular leakage causes hypotension, circulatory failure, and disseminated intravascular coagulation as the disease progresses of DHF/DSS patients, which can lead to the death of patients. However, the mechanisms by which DENV infection caused the vascular leakage are not fully understood. This study reveals a distinct mechanism by which DENV induces endothelial permeability and vascular leakage in human endothelial cells and mice tissues. We initially show that DENV2 promotes the matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression and secretion in DHF patients’ sera, peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), and macrophages. This study further reveals that DENV non-structural protein 1 (NS1) induces MMP-9 expression through activating the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. Additionally, NS1 facilitates the MMP-9 enzymatic activity, which alters the adhesion and tight junction and vascular leakage in human endothelial cells and mouse tissues. Moreover, NS1 recruits MMP-9 to interact with β-catenin and Zona occludens protein-1/2 (ZO-1 and ZO-2) and to degrade the important adhesion and tight junction proteins, thereby inducing endothelial hyperpermeability and vascular leakage in human endothelial cells and mouse tissues. Thus, we reveal that DENV NS1 and MMP-9 cooperatively induce vascular leakage by impairing endothelial cell adhesion and tight junction, and suggest that MMP-9 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of hypovolemia in DSS/DHF patients. DENV is the most common mosquito-transmitted viral pathogen in humans. In general, DENV-infected patients are asymptomatic or have flu-like symptoms with fever and rash. However, in severe cases of DENV infection, the diseases may progress to dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) or dengue shock syndrome (DSS), the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in school-age children in tropical and subtropical regions. DENV-induced vascular leakage is characterized by enhanced vascular permeability without morphological damage to the capillary endothelium. This study reveals a possible mechanism by which DENV NS1 and MMP-9 cooperatively induce vascular leakage. NS1 also recruits MMP-9 to degrade β-catenin, ZO-1, and ZO-2 that leads to intervene endothelial hyperpermeability in human endothelial cells and mouse vascular. Moreover, the authors further reveal that DENV activates NF-κB signaling pathway to induce MMP-9 expression in patients, mice, PBMC, and macrophages though NS1 protein. This study would provide new in signs into the pathogenesis of DENV infection, and suggest that MMP-9 may act as a drug target for the prevention and treatment of DENV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiwei Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Keli Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihao Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pin Wan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shereen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Luo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Xulin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Qiwei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
| | - Luping Lin
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Eighth People’s Hospital, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (JW)
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Foshan Institute of Medical Microbiology, Foshan, China
- * E-mail: (LL); (JW)
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Chen Y, Li Z, Pan P, Lao Z, Xu J, Li Z, Zhan S, Liu X, Wu Y, Wang W, Li G. Cinnamic acid inhibits Zika virus by inhibiting RdRp activity. Antiviral Res 2021; 192:105117. [PMID: 34174248 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2021.105117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, Zika virus (ZIKV), which causes severe diseases such as congenital microcephaly and Guillain-Barré syndrome, bringing serious harm to humans, has spread throughout the world. However, there are currently no effective drugs against the virus, and the need to develop anti-ZIKV drugs is thus urgent. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of cinnamic acid against ZIKV by using reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), plaque--forming, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Additionally, Cinnamic acid possessed anti-ZIKV properties against the post-entry stage of the ZIKV replication cycle, and inhibited RdRp activity. In vivo, we found that cinnamic acid reduced the mortality of mice, viral load in the blood and ZIKV protein levels in the brain. Based on our experiments, cinnamic acid was found to be a potential effective anti-ZIKV drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhaoxin Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Pan Pan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zonghui Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Yina Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Lao Z, Fan Y, Huo Y, Liao F, Zhang R, Zhang B, Kong Z, Long H, Xie J, Sang C, Fu L, Lin J, Wu Y, Yu L, Li G. Physcion, a novel inhibitor of 5α-reductase that promotes hair growth in vitro and in vivo. Arch Dermatol Res 2021; 314:41-51. [PMID: 33635414 DOI: 10.1007/s00403-021-02195-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Androgenic alopecia (AGA) has a high incidence. Excess dihydrotestosterone in blood capillaries, which is converted from testosterone by 5α-reductase, is an AGA causative factor. We identified the inhibitory activity of four Polygonum multiflorum compounds against 5α-reductase via high-performance liquid chromatography, and the results showed that Physcion was a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor. Additionally, we found that through inhibiting 5α-reductase expression, Physcion could shorten the time of dorsal skin darkening and hair growth, improve hair follicle morphology, and significantly increase hair follicle count. Eventually, through molecular docking study, we found the binding energy and molecular interactions between Physcion and 5α-reductase type II. These results suggested that Physcion is a potent 5α-reductase inhibitor, as well as a new natural medicine for treating AGA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zizhao Lao
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, 518000, China
| | - Yuhang Huo
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Feng Liao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Rongwen Zhang
- Bawang (Guangzhou) Co. Ltd., Guangzhou, 510440, China
| | - Bei Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Ziyun Kong
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haishan Long
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Jieliang Xie
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chuanlan Sang
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ludi Fu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Ji Lin
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yina Wu
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Liangwen Yu
- School of Chinese Pharmaceutical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China.
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Chen H, Lao Z, Xu J, Li Z, Long H, Li D, Lin L, Liu X, Yu L, Liu W, Li G, Wu J. Antiviral activity of lycorine against Zika virus in vivo and in vitro. Virology 2020; 546:88-97. [PMID: 32452420 PMCID: PMC7194111 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and re-emergence of Zika virus (ZIKV), is a cause for international concern. These highly pathogenic arboviruses represent a serious health burden in tropical and subtropical areas worldwide. Despite these burdens, antiviral therapies do not exist, and inhibitors of ZIKV are therefore urgently needed. To elucidate the anti-ZIKV effect of lycorine, we used reverse transcription-quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), immunofluorescence, Westernwestern blot, and plaque forming assay to analyse viral RNA (vRNA), viral protein, progeny virus counts, and validated inhibitors in vitro using a variety of cell lines. Additionally, we found that lycorine acts post-infection according to time-of-addition assay, and inhibits RdRp activity. Lycorine protected AG6 mice against ZIKV-induced lethality by decreasing the viral load in the blood. Due to its potency and ability to target ZIKV infection in vivo and in vitro, lycorine might offer promising therapeutic possibilities for combatting ZIKV infections in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huini Chen
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiangtao Xu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Zhaoxin Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Haishan Long
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Detang Li
- Department of Pharmacy, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510405, China
| | - Luping Lin
- Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510060, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Liangwen Yu
- Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Weiyong Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.
| | - Geng Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China; Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Virology, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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12
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Pan P, Zhang Q, Liu W, Wang W, Yu Z, Lao Z, Zhang W, Shen M, Wan P, Xiao F, Shereen MA, Zhang W, Tan Q, Liu Y, Liu X, Wu K, Liu Y, Li G, Wu J. Dengue Virus Infection Activates Interleukin-1β to Induce Tissue Injury and Vascular Leakage. Front Microbiol 2019; 10:2637. [PMID: 31824450 PMCID: PMC6883832 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue virus (DENV) infection causes several diseases ranging from dengue fever to life-threatening dengue hemorrhagic fever and dengue shock syndrome characterized by endothelial dysfunction, vascular leakage, and shock. Here, we identify a potential mechanism by which DENV induces tissue injury and vascular leakage by promoting the activation of interleukin (IL)-1β. DENV facilitates IL-1β secretion in infected patients, mice, human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs), mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs), and monocyte-differentiated macrophages (THP-1) via activating the NLRP3 inflammasome. The accumulated data suggest that IL-1β probably induces vascular leakage and tissue injury in interferon-alpha/beta receptor 1 deficient C57BL/6 mice (IFNAR–/– C57BL/6), whereas IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) alleviates these effects of IL-1β. Finally, administration of recombinant IL-1β protein results in vascular leakage and tissue injury in C57BL/6 mice. Together, the accumulated results demonstrate that IL-1β contributes to DENV-associated pathology and suggest that IL-1RA acts as a potential agent for the treatment of DENV-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Weiyong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenbiao Wang
- Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhenyang Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Pin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Feng Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Muhammad Adnan Shereen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wen Zhang
- Guangdong LongFan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan, China
| | - Qiuping Tan
- Guangdong LongFan Biological Science and Technology, Foshan, China
| | - Yuntao Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kailang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingle Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Center for Animal Experiment, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Key Laboratory of Virology of Guangzhou, Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Liao F, Chen H, Xie J, Zhan S, Pan P, Lao Z, Fan Y, Lin L, Lai Y, Lin S, Wu J, Liu X, Li G. Molecular epidemiological characteristics of dengue virus carried by 34 patients in Guangzhou in 2018. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0224676. [PMID: 31725752 PMCID: PMC6855448 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0224676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue fever is a major worldwide public health problem that, as estimated by the WHO, causes epidemics in over 100 countries, resulting in hundreds of millions of dengue virus (DENV) infections every year. In China, dengue fever mainly occurs in coastal areas. Recurring dengue outbreaks were reported by Guangdong Province almost every year since the first epidemic in 1978. DENV infections persisted in Guangzhou in consecutive years since 2000, with the dengue epidemic reaching a historical peak in 2014. Because Guangzhou is one of the largest cities for opening up in China, understanding the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever in the city can hopefully provide a significant basis for developing effective dengue prevention strategies. In this study, a total of 34 DENV strains, including 29 DENV-1 strains and 5 DENV-2 strains, were isolated from a blood samples drawn from patients who were diagnosed with dengue fever by hospitals in Guangzhou during 2018. To explore the epidemiological characteristics of dengue fever, the envelope (E) gene obtained from the isolates was amplified for phylogenetic analysis. The results from the phylogenetic analysis showed that DENV in Guangzhou was mainly imported from Southeast Asian countries. Additionally, propagation paths based on phylogeographical analysis suggested potential local dengue transmission in Guangzhou.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liao
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huini Chen
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieliang Xie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shaofeng Zhan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pan Pan
- College of Life Sciences, WuHan university, Wuhan, China
| | - Zizhao Lao
- Mathematical Engineering Academy of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yaohua Fan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lupin Lin
- Guangzhou eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanni Lai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shuangfeng Lin
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Wu
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaohong Liu
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Geng Li
- Laboratory Animal Center, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
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14
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Bilello M, Lao Z, Krejza J, Hillis AE, Herskovits EH. Atlas-Based Classification of Hyperintense Regions from MR Diffusion-Weighted Images of the Brain: Preliminary Results. Neuroradiol J 2012; 25:112-20. [PMID: 24028884 DOI: 10.1177/197140091202500115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2011] [Accepted: 01/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of subjects with acquired brain damage in a specific location is important in exploring human brain function. Description of lesion locations within and across subjects is a crucial methodological component that usually involves the distinction of normal from damaged tissue (lesion segmentation) in relation to lesion locations in terms of a standard anatomical reference space (lesion mapping). Our study provides an atlas-based, computer-aided methodology for classification of hyperintense regions on diffusion-weighted images of the brain, representing either ischemic lesions or susceptibility artifacts. We applied a leave-one-out method of cross-validation that computed probabilistic atlases of true lesions and artifacts, based on training data. Our approach accurately classifies lesions and artifacts, but leaves a significant number of regions unclassified, due to the relatively small number of training samples. An initial segmentation step based on a larger sample of data sets is required to automate discrimination of lesions and artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Bilello
- Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania; Philadelphia, PA, USA -
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15
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Coker LH, Hogan PE, Bryan NR, Kuller LH, Margolis KL, Bettermann K, Wallace RB, Lao Z, Freeman R, Stefanick ML, Shumaker SA. Postmenopausal hormone therapy and subclinical cerebrovascular disease: the WHIMS-MRI Study. Neurology 2009; 72:125-34. [PMID: 19139363 DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000339036.88842.9e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Women's Health Initiative Memory Study (WHIMS) hormone therapy (HT) trials reported that conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) with or without medroxyprogesterone acetate (MPA) increases risk for all-cause dementia and global cognitive decline. WHIMS MRI measured subclinical cerebrovascular disease as a possible mechanism to explain cognitive decline reported in WHIMS. METHODS We contacted 2,345 women at 14 WHIMS sites; scans were completed on 1,424 (61%) and 1,403 were accepted for analysis. The primary outcome measure was total ischemic lesion volume on brain MRI. Mean duration of on-trial HT or placebo was 4 (CEE+MPA) or 5.6 years (CEE-Alone) and scans were conducted an average of 3 (CEE+MPA) or 1.4 years (CEE-Alone) post-trial termination. Cross-sectional analysis of MRI lesions was conducted; general linear models were fitted to assess treatment group differences using analysis of covariance. A (two-tailed) critical value of alpha = 0.05 was used. RESULTS In women evenly matched within trials at baseline, increased lesion volumes were significantly related to age, smoking, history of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, lower post-trial global cognition scores, and increased incident cases of on- or post-trial mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia. Mean ischemic lesion volumes were slightly larger for the CEE+MPA group vs placebo, except for the basal ganglia, but the differences were not significant. Women assigned to CEE-Alone had similar mean ischemic lesion volumes compared to placebo. CONCLUSIONS Conjugated equine estrogen-based hormone therapy was not associated with a significant increase in ischemic brain lesion volume relative to placebo. This finding was consistent within each trial and in pooled analyses across trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Coker
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University Health Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA.
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16
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Needham SA, Wang GX, Konstantinov K, Tournayre Y, Lao Z, Liu HK. Electrochemical Performance of Co[sub 3]O[sub 4]–C Composite Anode Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1149/1.2197108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Abstract
This report describes the integration of laser-scanning fluorometric cytometry and nonseparation ligand-binding techniques to provide new assay methods adaptable to miniaturization and high-throughput screening. Receptor-bound, cyanine dye-labeled ligands, [Cy]ligands, were discriminated from those free in solution by measuring the accumulated fluorescence associated with a receptor-containing particle. To illustrate the various binding formats accommodated by this technique, saturation- and competition-binding analyses were performed with [Cy]ligands and their cognate receptors expressed in CHO cells or as fusion proteins coated on polystyrene microspheres. We have successfully applied this technique to the analysis of G protein-coupled receptors, cytokine receptors, and SH2 domains. Multiparameter readouts from ligands labeled separately with Cy5 and Cy5.5 demonstrate the simultaneous analysis of two target receptors in a single well. In addition, laser-scanning cytometry has been used to assay enzymes such as phosphatases and in the development of single-step fluorescent immunoassays.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zuck
- Pharmacopeia Inc., CN5350, Princeton, NJ 08543, USA
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18
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Yu G, Lao Z, Liu J. [The lateral abdominal island flap--the lateral intercostal neurovascular island flap]. Zhonghua Zheng Xing Shao Shang Wai Ke Za Zhi 1996; 12:403-6. [PMID: 9387425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This work studied the lateral abdominal island flap, its clinical value, transposition range and the practicability of a modified operative method. Five lateral abdominal island flaps were used in 5 patients. Four of them were for axillary radiation ulcers after radical mastectomy. One was for a sacral defect after resection of a recurrent fibrosarcoma. All the flaps obtained satisfactory results. Clinical applications revealed that the blood supply of the lateral abdominal skin was mainly from the lateral cutaneous branches of the 9th, 10th and 11th intercostal arteries, among which there were numerous anastomoses. The lateral abdominal island flap can be pedicled with any of these lateral cutaneous branches. The long pedicle of the flap provides a wide range of trnasposition from the axilla to the sacrum. As the pedicle of the flap contains the lateral cutaneous branch of the intercostal nerve, the flap can bring sensation function to the recipient area. The modified operative method of the lateral abdominal island flap is introduced.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yu
- Division of Plastic and Microsurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yatsen University of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou
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Lambris JD, Lao Z, Oglesby TJ, Atkinson JP, Hack CE, Becherer JD. Dissection of CR1, factor H, membrane cofactor protein, and factor B binding and functional sites in the third complement component. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.156.12.4821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the residues 727-768 of human (Hu) C3 contain the binding sites for CR1, factor H, and factor B. Here, we have (1) characterized further some of the C3 structural requirements for its binding to CR1, H, and B, (2) investigated the functions associated with these C3-ligand interactions, and (3) studied the relationship of MCP-binding sites in C3 with those for CR1, H, and B. Hu C3 molecules in which residues 727-768 were deleted (designated C3delta727-768) or substituted with the corresponding segment of cobra venom factor, Xenopus, or trout C3 (chimeric C3s) were expressed in the baculovirus system and analyzed for their reactivity with C3-binding proteins. In contrast to wild-type iC3 which, in the presence of CR1, is cleaved by factor I to iC3b-a and C3c-a and C3dg, all chimeric C3s were cleaved only to iC3b-a. In addition, the cleavage of deleted (C3delta727-768) iC3 to iC3b-a by factor I in the presence of CR1 was significantly reduced, whereas it remained unaltered in the presence of MCP. Cleavage of iC3 to iC3b-a by factor I and H was similar in all expressed C3s except C3delta727-768, whose cleavage was significantly reduced. All of the expressed molecules except C3delta727-768 were capable of forming the fluid-phase alternative pathway C3 convertase, and all reacted with properdin. These results suggest that during cleavage of iC3 by factor I and CR1, or H, CR1 and H bind to at least two sites on C3 and that the MCP binding site(s) on C3b are different from those for CR1. They also indicate that some or all of the C3 residues that are directly involved in, or contribute to, the structure of one of the CR1 and H binding sites are located within residues 727-768. These studies also demonstrate that, although this segment of C3 may be involved in C3-factor B interaction, other residues in addition to 736EE (previously implicated in B binding) must also contribute significantly to this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6079, USA
| | - Z Lao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6079, USA
| | - T J Oglesby
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6079, USA
| | - J P Atkinson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6079, USA
| | - C E Hack
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6079, USA
| | - J D Becherer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6079, USA
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20
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Lambris JD, Lao Z, Oglesby TJ, Atkinson JP, Hack CE, Becherer JD. Dissection of CR1, factor H, membrane cofactor protein, and factor B binding and functional sites in the third complement component. J Immunol 1996; 156:4821-32. [PMID: 8648130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that the residues 727-768 of human (Hu) C3 contain the binding sites for CR1, factor H, and factor B. Here, we have (1) characterized further some of the C3 structural requirements for its binding to CR1, H, and B, (2) investigated the functions associated with these C3-ligand interactions, and (3) studied the relationship of MCP-binding sites in C3 with those for CR1, H, and B. Hu C3 molecules in which residues 727-768 were deleted (designated C3delta727-768) or substituted with the corresponding segment of cobra venom factor, Xenopus, or trout C3 (chimeric C3s) were expressed in the baculovirus system and analyzed for their reactivity with C3-binding proteins. In contrast to wild-type iC3 which, in the presence of CR1, is cleaved by factor I to iC3b-a and C3c-a and C3dg, all chimeric C3s were cleaved only to iC3b-a. In addition, the cleavage of deleted (C3delta727-768) iC3 to iC3b-a by factor I in the presence of CR1 was significantly reduced, whereas it remained unaltered in the presence of MCP. Cleavage of iC3 to iC3b-a by factor I and H was similar in all expressed C3s except C3delta727-768, whose cleavage was significantly reduced. All of the expressed molecules except C3delta727-768 were capable of forming the fluid-phase alternative pathway C3 convertase, and all reacted with properdin. These results suggest that during cleavage of iC3 by factor I and CR1, or H, CR1 and H bind to at least two sites on C3 and that the MCP binding site(s) on C3b are different from those for CR1. They also indicate that some or all of the C3 residues that are directly involved in, or contribute to, the structure of one of the CR1 and H binding sites are located within residues 727-768. These studies also demonstrate that, although this segment of C3 may be involved in C3-factor B interaction, other residues in addition to 736EE (previously implicated in B binding) must also contribute significantly to this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6079, USA
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Hedrick JA, Lao Z, Lipps SG, Wang Y, Todd SC, Lambris JD, Tsoukas CD. Characterization of a 70-kDa, EBV gp350/220-binding protein on HSB-2 T cells. The Journal of Immunology 1994. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.153.10.4418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
EBV binds and infects HSB-2 T cells via a receptor distinct from CD21. To further study this novel EBV receptor, we expressed the first 470 amino acids of the EBV-gp350/220 using the baculovirus expression system. The recombinant gp350/220(1-470) has a m.w. of 95 kDa, reacts with anti-gp350/220 Abs, and binds CD21 in ELISA. Radiolabeled gp350/220(1-470) binds both HSB-2 and Raji cells. The gp350/220(1-470) protein also inhibits EBV binding to both HSB-2 and Raji, detected by flow cytometry. Lysates of HSB-2 cells compete with CD21 for binding to gp350/220(1-470), suggesting that the two receptors bind related epitopes on the recombinant protein. Scatchard analysis reveals that gp350/220(1-470) binds to 34,000 high affinity sites/HSB-2 cell (Kd = 0.92 x 10(-8) M) compared with the 97,000 high affinity sites bound/Raji cell (Kd = 1.78 x 10(-8) M). Utilizing a gp350/220(1-470)-affinity matrix, we identify a 70-kDa (55-kDa nonreduced) protein on the surfaces of 125I-labeled HSB-2 cells. Binding of this protein to the matrix is inhibited by anti-gp350/220 Ab 72A1. In summary, we characterize a novel EBV-binding molecule on HSB-2 cells, compare its reactivity with gp350/220 to that of CD21, and provide evidence of a gp350/220-reactive, 70-kDa protein on the surfaces of HSB-2 cells. In view of previous evidence of HSB-2 infectivity by EBV, we propose that the 70 kDa protein represents the novel EBV receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hedrick
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA 92182
| | - Z Lao
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA 92182
| | - S G Lipps
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA 92182
| | - Y Wang
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA 92182
| | - S C Todd
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA 92182
| | - J D Lambris
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA 92182
| | - C D Tsoukas
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA 92182
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Hedrick JA, Lao Z, Lipps SG, Wang Y, Todd SC, Lambris JD, Tsoukas CD. Characterization of a 70-kDa, EBV gp350/220-binding protein on HSB-2 T cells. J Immunol 1994; 153:4418-26. [PMID: 7963519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
EBV binds and infects HSB-2 T cells via a receptor distinct from CD21. To further study this novel EBV receptor, we expressed the first 470 amino acids of the EBV-gp350/220 using the baculovirus expression system. The recombinant gp350/220(1-470) has a m.w. of 95 kDa, reacts with anti-gp350/220 Abs, and binds CD21 in ELISA. Radiolabeled gp350/220(1-470) binds both HSB-2 and Raji cells. The gp350/220(1-470) protein also inhibits EBV binding to both HSB-2 and Raji, detected by flow cytometry. Lysates of HSB-2 cells compete with CD21 for binding to gp350/220(1-470), suggesting that the two receptors bind related epitopes on the recombinant protein. Scatchard analysis reveals that gp350/220(1-470) binds to 34,000 high affinity sites/HSB-2 cell (Kd = 0.92 x 10(-8) M) compared with the 97,000 high affinity sites bound/Raji cell (Kd = 1.78 x 10(-8) M). Utilizing a gp350/220(1-470)-affinity matrix, we identify a 70-kDa (55-kDa nonreduced) protein on the surfaces of 125I-labeled HSB-2 cells. Binding of this protein to the matrix is inhibited by anti-gp350/220 Ab 72A1. In summary, we characterize a novel EBV-binding molecule on HSB-2 cells, compare its reactivity with gp350/220 to that of CD21, and provide evidence of a gp350/220-reactive, 70-kDa protein on the surfaces of HSB-2 cells. In view of previous evidence of HSB-2 infectivity by EBV, we propose that the 70 kDa protein represents the novel EBV receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Hedrick
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, CA 92182
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Abstract
The third component of complement (C3) plays a critical role in both pathways of complement activation by interacting with numerous other complement proteins. To elucidate the molecular features of C3 that relate to the functional activities of the molecule, we expressed the cDNA of human complement component C3 in cultured insect cells using a baculovirus expression vector system derived from the baculovirus Autographa california nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcNPV). The expression of C3 was controlled by the promoter of the polyhedrin gene and, when recombinant baculovirus infected insect cells were cultured in serum-free medium, C3 was detected at a level of 10 micrograms/ml of culture medium. Characterization of the recombinant C3 (rC3) by SDS-PAGE revealed that the C3 gene product was translated as a 188 kDa protein comprised of two chains of 115 kDa and 73 kDa analogous to the alpha and beta chains of serum-derived human C3 (sC3). An analysis of the glycosylation pattern of purified rC3 revealed that, whereas both the alpha and beta chains were glycosylated as in sC3, the proC3 moiety of rC3 also was glycosylated. When rC3 was produced in the High Five cell line of insect cells and evaluated for reactivity with a panel of anti-C3 monoclonal antibodies (MoAb), the results suggested that the conformation of the baculovirus expressed C3 was similar to that of native C3. When the rC3 was purified by anion exchange column chromatography, it was able to react with several C3-binding proteins (CR1, P and H), reconstitute C3-deficient serum and support the activation of both complement pathways thus demonstrating that a baculovirus-expressed C3 can participate in the formation of and can be cleaved by both the classical and alternative pathway convertases. Incubation of rC3 with factor I and H revealed that both C3 and proC3 are susceptible to cleavage by factor I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Lao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104
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Lambris JD, Lao Z, Pang J, Alsenz J. Third component of trout complement. cDNA cloning and conservation of functional sites. J Immunol 1993; 151:6123-34. [PMID: 8245455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Of the 30 distinct complement proteins recognized to date, C3 is probably the most versatile and multifunctional molecule known, interacting with at least 20 different proteins. It plays a critical role in both pathways of complement activation and participates in phagocytic and immunoregulatory processes. Structural and functional analysis of C3 from different species, in addition to phylogenetic information, provides insights into the structural elements mediating the various functions. This study describes the cDNA cloning of one of two isoforms of the third complement component, C3-1, of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the analysis of its functional sites. By screening a trout liver lambda gt11 library with anti-trout C3 chain-specific antibodies and polymerase chain reaction we have determined the cDNA sequence of trout C3-1. The obtained sequence is in complete agreement with the protein sequence of several tryptic peptides, corresponding to different regions of trout C3-1. C3-1 consists of 1640 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 181,497 Da. The sequence contains two potential N-glycosylation sites, one on each chain of C3. The deduced protein sequence showed 44.1, 43.3, 44.2, 44.9, 43.1, 43.8, 45.9, 29.9, and 33.1% amino acid identities to human, mouse rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cobra, frog, hagfish, and lamprey C3, whereas the identities to human C4, C5, and alpha 2M are 30.4, 28, and 22.9%, respectively. The trout C3 amino acid sequence shows clusters of high and low similarity to C3 from other species. In the regions of high similarity belong the C3 domains that contain the thiolester site and the properdin binding sites, whereas the regions that correspond to regions of human C3 where CR1 and CR2 bind show low amino acid sequence similarity. The deduced amino acid sequence shows that the C3 convertase cleavage site (Arg-Ser) is conserved in trout C3, whereas the factor I cleavage sites are Arg-Ala and Arg-Thr instead of Arg-Ser, which is found in the C3 of other species. Protein sequencing of the trout C3 fragments fixed on zymosan during complement activation confirmed the cleavage of trout C3 by trout C3 convertase and factor I at Arg-Ser and Arg-Thr, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia 19104
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Lambris JD, Lao Z, Pang J, Alsenz J. Third component of trout complement. cDNA cloning and conservation of functional sites. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.151.11.6123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Of the 30 distinct complement proteins recognized to date, C3 is probably the most versatile and multifunctional molecule known, interacting with at least 20 different proteins. It plays a critical role in both pathways of complement activation and participates in phagocytic and immunoregulatory processes. Structural and functional analysis of C3 from different species, in addition to phylogenetic information, provides insights into the structural elements mediating the various functions. This study describes the cDNA cloning of one of two isoforms of the third complement component, C3-1, of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) and the analysis of its functional sites. By screening a trout liver lambda gt11 library with anti-trout C3 chain-specific antibodies and polymerase chain reaction we have determined the cDNA sequence of trout C3-1. The obtained sequence is in complete agreement with the protein sequence of several tryptic peptides, corresponding to different regions of trout C3-1. C3-1 consists of 1640 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 181,497 Da. The sequence contains two potential N-glycosylation sites, one on each chain of C3. The deduced protein sequence showed 44.1, 43.3, 44.2, 44.9, 43.1, 43.8, 45.9, 29.9, and 33.1% amino acid identities to human, mouse rat, guinea pig, rabbit, cobra, frog, hagfish, and lamprey C3, whereas the identities to human C4, C5, and alpha 2M are 30.4, 28, and 22.9%, respectively. The trout C3 amino acid sequence shows clusters of high and low similarity to C3 from other species. In the regions of high similarity belong the C3 domains that contain the thiolester site and the properdin binding sites, whereas the regions that correspond to regions of human C3 where CR1 and CR2 bind show low amino acid sequence similarity. The deduced amino acid sequence shows that the C3 convertase cleavage site (Arg-Ser) is conserved in trout C3, whereas the factor I cleavage sites are Arg-Ala and Arg-Thr instead of Arg-Ser, which is found in the C3 of other species. Protein sequencing of the trout C3 fragments fixed on zymosan during complement activation confirmed the cleavage of trout C3 by trout C3 convertase and factor I at Arg-Ser and Arg-Thr, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Lambris
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia 19104
| | - Z Lao
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia 19104
| | - J Pang
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia 19104
| | - J Alsenz
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadephia 19104
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Esparza I, Becherer JD, Alsenz J, De la Hera A, Lao Z, Tsoukas CD, Lambris JD. Evidence for multiple sites of interaction in C3 for complement receptor type 2 (C3d/EBV receptor, CD21). Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:2829-38. [PMID: 1834472 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830211126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multivalent but not monovalent CR2 ligands are required to elicit Raji cell proliferation as well as other B cell responses. It has been reported (C. Servis and J. D. Lambris, J. Immunol. 1989. 142: 2207) that the tetrameric peptide T-(C31202-1214)4, which represents the CR2-binding site in C3d, was able to support Raji cell growth. We show here that the tetrameric peptide T-(gp350(19-30)4, which contains the CR2-binding site in gp350 protein of EBV also induces Raji cell growth and this effect is inhibited by the monomeric peptides gp350(19-30) and C3(1201-1214). We also investigated the nature of the interaction between C3 fragment and CR2 in order to explain the Raji cell growth-supporting effect exerted by C3. The following findings suggest that there are multiple sites in the C3 molecule able to interact with CR2: (1) both C3c and C3d immobilized on microspheres are able to bind to Raji cells through CR2. (2) soluble C3d inhibits to a greater extent the binding of CR2 to fixed C3d than to fixed C3b, which suggests the existence of additional CR2-binding sites within C3b not present in the C3d portion of the molecule; (3) synthetic peptides C3(1187-1214), C3(741-757) and C3(295-307) which represents regions of similarity in the C3 molecule bind specifically to CR2 on Raji cells and compete with each other for binding to the receptor and (4) preincubation of microtiter plate-fixed C3b with monoclonal or polyclonal anti-peptide antibodies (C3-9, anti-C3(727-768) recognize the N terminus of the alpha chain of C3 (including residues 741-757) inhibited CR2 binding. Therefore, these data suggest that the N terminus of the alpha chain of C3 is involved in binding to CR2.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Esparza
- Basel Institute for Immunology, Switzerland
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