1
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Tang WF, Chang YH, Lin CC, Jheng JR, Hsieh CF, Chin YF, Chang TY, Lee JC, Liang PH, Lin CY, Lin GH, Cai JY, Chen YL, Chen YS, Tsai SK, Liu PC, Yang CM, Shadbahr T, Tang J, Hsu YL, Huang CH, Wang LY, Chen CC, Kau JH, Hung YJ, Lee HY, Wang WC, Tsai HP, Horng JT. BPR3P0128, a non-nucleoside RNA-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor, inhibits SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and exerts synergistic antiviral activity in combination with remdesivir. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2024; 68:e0095623. [PMID: 38446062 PMCID: PMC10989008 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00956-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp), a highly conserved molecule in RNA viruses, has recently emerged as a promising drug target for broad-acting inhibitors. Through a Vero E6-based anti-cytopathic effect assay, we found that BPR3P0128, which incorporates a quinoline core similar to hydroxychloroquine, outperformed the adenosine analog remdesivir in inhibiting RdRp activity (EC50 = 0.66 µM and 3 µM, respectively). BPR3P0128 demonstrated broad-spectrum activity against various severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern. When introduced after viral adsorption, BPR3P0128 significantly decreased SARS-CoV-2 replication; however, it did not affect the early entry stage, as evidenced by a time-of-drug-addition assay. This suggests that BPR3P0128's primary action takes place during viral replication. We also found that BPR3P0128 effectively reduced the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human lung epithelial Calu-3 cells infected with SARS-CoV-2. Molecular docking analysis showed that BPR3P0128 targets the RdRp channel, inhibiting substrate entry, which implies it operates differently-but complementary-with remdesivir. Utilizing an optimized cell-based minigenome RdRp reporter assay, we confirmed that BPR3P0128 exhibited potent inhibitory activity. However, an enzyme-based RdRp assay employing purified recombinant nsp12/nsp7/nsp8 failed to corroborate this inhibitory activity. This suggests that BPR3P0128 may inhibit activity by targeting host-related RdRp-associated factors. Moreover, we discovered that a combination of BPR3P0128 and remdesivir had a synergistic effect-a result likely due to both drugs interacting with separate domains of the RdRp. This novel synergy between the two drugs reinforces the potential clinical value of the BPR3P0128-remdesivir combination in combating various SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Fang Tang
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chin Lin
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Rong Jheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Fan Hsieh
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Linkou Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Fan Chin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tein-Yao Chang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Pathology and Graduate Institute of Pathology and Parasitology, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jin-Ching Lee
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Huang Liang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yi Lin
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Hua Lin
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Jie-Yun Cai
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Chen
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Siao Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Shan-Ko Tsai
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ping-Cheng Liu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chuen-Mi Yang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tolou Shadbahr
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jing Tang
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Yu-Lin Hsu
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Heng Huang
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ling-Yu Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Medical Oncology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Cheng Cheung Chen
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jyh-Hwa Kau
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Medical Science, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Jen Hung
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Yi Lee
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, Value-Added MedChem Innovation Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chieh Wang
- Institute of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Research, Value-Added MedChem Innovation Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ping Tsai
- Institute of Preventive Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jim-Tong Horng
- Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Kweishan, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Research Center for Industry of Human Ecology and Research Center for Chinese Herbal Medicine, Graduate Institute of Health Industry Technology, Chang Gung University of Science and Technology, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Molecular Infectious Disease Research Center, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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2
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Li NP, Yan XH, Pei SC, Hung TH, Chang TC, Bai QZ, Tai CF, Kuo CH. Complete genome sequence of Candidatus Phytoplasma australasiaticum WF_GM2021, a plant pathogen associated with soybean witches' broom disease in Taiwan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0099323. [PMID: 38206024 PMCID: PMC10868231 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00993-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of Candidatus Phytoplasma australasiaticum strain WF_GM2021, which consists of one 633,005-bp circular chromosome, is presented in this work. This uncultivated plant-pathogenic bacterium is associated with soybean (Glycine max) witches' broom disease in Wufeng District, Taichung City, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nian-Pu Li
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Hua Yan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Chian Pei
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tsu-Cheng Chang
- Agricultural Chemicals Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Qiong-Zhuan Bai
- Agricultural Chemicals Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Feng Tai
- Agricultural Chemicals Research Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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3
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Yao RB, Yan XH, Yen HC, Lee S, Chu CC, Hong CF, Kuo CH. Complete genome sequence of Agrobacterium pusense Bbcg2-2, a strain isolated from blueberry crown gall in Taiwan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2024; 13:e0108323. [PMID: 38189308 PMCID: PMC10868166 DOI: 10.1128/mra.01083-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Agrobacterium pusense Bbcg2-2 is a strain isolated from a crown gall sample of blueberry (Vaccinium corymbosum) cultivar "Flicker" grown in Taiwan. The complete genome sequence of this bacterium consists of a 2,798,342-bp circular chromosome, a 2,140,031-bp linear chromid, and a 386,016-bp circular plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru-Bin Yao
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Hua Yan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsi-Ching Yen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shin Lee
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Ching Chu
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Fang Hong
- Department of Plant Pathology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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4
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Lim SK, Lin WC, Huang SW, Pan YC, Hu CW, Mou CY, Hu CMJ, Mou KY. Bacteria colonization in tumor microenvironment creates a favorable niche for immunogenic chemotherapy. EMBO Mol Med 2024; 16:416-428. [PMID: 38225455 PMCID: PMC10897177 DOI: 10.1038/s44321-023-00022-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) presents differential selective pressure (DSP) that favors the growth of cancer cells, and monovalent therapy is often inadequate in reversing the cancer cell dominance in the TME. In this work, we introduce bacteria as a foreign species to the TME and explore combinatorial treatment strategies to alter DSP for tumor eradication. We show that cancer-selective chemotherapeutic agents and fasting can provide a strong selection pressure against tumor growth in the presence of bacteria. Moreover, we show that an immunogenic drug (oxaliplatin), but not a non-immunogenic one (5-FU), synergizes with the bacteria to activate both the innate and adaptive immunity in the TME, resulting in complete tumor remission and a sustained anti-tumor immunological memory in mice. The combination of oxaliplatin and bacteria greatly enhances the co-stimulatory and antigen-presenting molecules on antigen-presenting cells, which in turn bridge the cytotoxic T cells for cancer-cell killing. Our findings indicate that rational combination of bacterial therapy and immunogenic chemotherapy can promote anticancer immunity against the immunosuppressive TME.
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Affiliation(s)
- See-Khai Lim
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ching Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Sin-Wei Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chung Pan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Che-Wei Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Yuan Mou
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 106319, Taiwan
| | - Che-Ming Jack Hu
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan.
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5
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Kao CF, Liu CY, Hsieh CL, Carillo KJD, Tzou DLM, Wang HC, Chang W. Structural and functional analyses of viral H2 protein of the vaccinia virus entry fusion complex. J Virol 2023; 97:e0134323. [PMID: 37975688 PMCID: PMC10734489 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01343-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Vaccinia virus infection requires virus-cell membrane fusion to complete entry during endocytosis; however, it contains a large viral fusion protein complex of 11 viral proteins that share no structure or sequence homology to all the known viral fusion proteins, including type I, II, and III fusion proteins. It is thus very challenging to investigate how the vaccinia fusion complex works to trigger membrane fusion with host cells. In this study, we crystallized the ectodomain of vaccinia H2 protein, one component of the viral fusion complex. Furthermore, we performed a series of mutational, biochemical, and molecular analyses and identified two surface loops containing 170LGYSG174 and 125RRGTGDAW132 as the A28-binding region. We also showed that residues in the N-terminal helical region (amino acids 51-90) are also important for H2 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Fei Kao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Yi Liu
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Lin Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Hao-Ching Wang
- The PhD Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Translational Medicine, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen Chang
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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6
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Hung SHW, Wu IC, Huang CC, Kuo CH. Complete genome sequence of Erythrobacteraceae bacterium WH01K, a strain isolated from corals ( Acropora sp.) in Taiwan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0083023. [PMID: 37933969 PMCID: PMC10720573 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00830-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the isolation and genome sequence of a coral-associated Erythrobacteraceae bacterium, strain WH01K. The complete assembly consists of one 2,745,896 bp circular chromosome and one 172,502 bp circular plasmid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Hsun Walter Hung
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I-Chen Wu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Chen Huang
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Advanced Plant and Food Crop Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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7
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Wang HJ, Hernández-Rocamora VM, Kuo CI, Hsieh KY, Lee SH, Ho MR, Tu Z, Vollmer W, Chang CI. Structural basis for the hydrolytic activity of the transpeptidase-like protein DpaA to detach Braun's lipoprotein from peptidoglycan. mBio 2023; 14:e0137923. [PMID: 37830798 PMCID: PMC10653827 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01379-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Cross-linking reaction of Braun's lipoprotein (Lpp) to peptidoglycan (PG) is catalyzed by some members of the YkuD family of transpeptidases. However, the exact opposite reaction of cleaving the Lpp-PG cross-link is performed by DpaA, which is also a YkuD-like protein. In this work, we determined the crystal structure of DpaA to provide the molecular rationale for the ability of the transpeptidase-like protein to cleave, rather than form, the Lpp-PG linkage. Our findings also revealed the structural features that distinguish the different functional types of the YkuD family enzymes from one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Jung Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Víctor M. Hernández-Rocamora
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Chiao-I Kuo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Kan-Yen Hsieh
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Szu-Hui Lee
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Ru Ho
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Zhijay Tu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Waldemar Vollmer
- Centre for Bacterial Cell Biology, Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Chung-I Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- College of Life Science, Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Cho ST, Chen AP, Chou SJ, Yan XH, Lin CP, Kuo CH. Complete genome sequence of " Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis" GY2015, a plant pathogen associated with Bermuda grass white leaf disease in Taiwan. Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0045723. [PMID: 37855628 PMCID: PMC10586122 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00457-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of "Candidatus Phytoplasma cynodontis" strain GY2015, which consists of one 498,922-bp circular chromosome, is presented in this work. This uncultivated plant-pathogenic bacterium is associated with Bermuda grass white leaf disease in Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu-Ting Cho
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ping Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chou
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Xiao-Hua Yan
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chan-Pin Lin
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Pei SC, Chen AP, Chou SJ, Hung TH, Kuo CH. Complete genome sequence of " Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni" PR2021, an uncultivated bacterium associated with poinsettia ( Euphorbia pulcherrima). Microbiol Resour Announc 2023; 12:e0044323. [PMID: 37462364 PMCID: PMC10508177 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00443-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete genome sequence of "Candidatus Phytoplasma pruni" strain PR2021, which consists of one 705,138 bp circular chromosome and one 4,757 bp circular plasmid, is presented in this work. This bacterium is associated with poinsettia (Euphorbia pulcherrima) cultivar "Princettia Pink."
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Affiliation(s)
- Shen-Chian Pei
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ai-Ping Chen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Jen Chou
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Hsuan Hung
- Department of Plant Pathology and Microbiology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Horng Kuo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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10
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Ko HY, Li YT, Li YY, Chiang MT, Lee YL, Liu WC, Liao CC, Chang CS, Lin YL. Optimization and Improvement of qPCR Detection Sensitivity of SARS-CoV-2 in Saliva. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0464022. [PMID: 37097200 PMCID: PMC10269702 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04640-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been a major public health threat globally, especially during the beginning of the pandemic in 2020. Reverse transcription-quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) is utilized for viral RNA detection as part of control measures to limit the spread of COVID-19. Collecting nasopharyngeal swabs for RT-qPCR is a routine diagnostic method for COVID-19 in clinical settings, but its large-scale implementation is hindered by a shortage of trained health professionals. Despite concerns over its sensitivity, saliva has been suggested as a practical alternative sampling approach to the nasopharyngeal swab for viral RNA detection. In this study, we spiked saliva from healthy donors with inactivated SARS-CoV-2 from an international standard to evaluate the effect of saliva on viral RNA detection. On average, the saliva increased the cycle threshold (CT) values of the SARS-CoV-2 RNA samples by 2.64 compared to the viral RNA in viral transport medium. Despite substantial variation among different donors in the effect of saliva on RNA quantification, the outcome of the RT-qPCR diagnosis was largely unaffected for viral RNA samples with CT values of <35 (1.55 log10 IU/mL). The saliva-treated viral RNA remained stable for up to 6 h at room temperature and 24 h at 4°C. Further supplementing protease and RNase inhibitors improved the detection of viral RNA in the saliva samples. Our data provide practical information on the storage conditions of saliva samples and suggest optimized sampling procedures for SARS-CoV-2 diagnosis. IMPORTANCE The primary method for detection of SARS-CoV-2 is using nasopharyngeal swabs, but a shortage of trained health professionals has hindered its large-scale implementation. Saliva-based nucleic acid detection is a widely adopted alternative, due to its convenience and minimally invasive nature, but the detection limit and direct impact of saliva on viral RNA remain poorly understood. To address this gap in knowledge, we used a WHO international standard to evaluate the effect of saliva on SARS-CoV-2 RNA detection. We describe the detection profile of saliva-treated SARS-CoV-2 samples under different storage temperatures and incubation periods. We also found that adding protease and RNase inhibitors could improve viral RNA detection in saliva. Our research provides practical recommendations for the optimal storage conditions and sampling procedures for saliva-based testing, which can improve the efficiency of COVID-19 testing and enhance public health responses to the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Ying Ko
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Tsun Li
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Yuan Li
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tsai Chiang
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lee
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chun Liu
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Che Liao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Shin Chang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ling Lin
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liao TL, Chen YM, Tang KT, Yang YY, Chen DY, Chan TH, Tsai HJ, Hsieh SL. CLEC18A Impairs Phagocytosis by Reducing FcγRIIA Expression and Arresting Autophagosome-Lysosome Fusion. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0290322. [PMID: 37154715 PMCID: PMC10269929 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.02903-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mixed cryoglobulinemia (MC) is a hepatitis C virus (HCV)-related extrahepatic manifestation that is characterized by the abnormal presence of immune complexes (ICs). This may be due to the reduced uptake and clearance of ICs. The C-type lectin member 18A (CLEC18A) is a secretory protein that is expressed abundantly in hepatocytes. We previously observed that CLEC18A increased significantly in the phagocytes and sera of patients with HCV, particularly those with MC. Herein, we explored the biological functions of CLEC18A in the MC syndrome development of patients with HCV by using an in vitro cell-based assay with quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, immunoblotting, immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. HCV infection or Toll-like receptor 3/7/8 activation could induce CLEC18A expression in Huh7.5 cells. Upregulated CLEC18A interacts with Rab5 and Rab7 and enhances type I/III interferon production to inhibit HCV replication in hepatocytes. However, overexpressed CLEC18A suppressed phagocytic activity in phagocytes. Significantly decreased levels of the Fc gamma receptor (FcγR) IIA were found in the neutrophils of HCV patients, particularly in those with MC (P < 0.005). We demonstrated that CLEC18A could inhibit FcγRIIA expression in a dose-dependent manner through the production of NOX-2-dependent reactive oxygen species to impair the uptake of ICs. Additionally, CLEC18A suppresses the Rab7 expression that is induced by starvation. Overexpressed CLEC18A does not affect autophagosome formation but does reduce the recruitment of Rab7 to autophagosomes, thereby retarding the maturation of autophagosomes and affecting autophagosome-lysosome fusion. We offer a novel molecular machinery with which to understand the association of HCV infection with autoimmunity and propose that CLEC18A may act as a candidate biomarker for HCV-associated MC. IMPORTANCE During infection, the host immune system produces cellular factors to protect against pathogen invasion. However, when the immune response overreacts and there is dysregulated cytokine homeostasis, autoimmunity occurs following an infection. We identified a cellular factor that is involved in HCV-related extrahepatic manifestation, namely, CLEC18A, which is expressed abundantly in hepatocytes and phagocytes. It inhibits HCV replication in hepatocytes by interacting with Rab5/7 and enhancing type I/III IFN expression. However, overexpressed CLEC18A inhibited FcγRIIA expression in phagocytes to impair phagocytosis. Furthermore, the interaction between CLEC18A and Rab5/7 may reduce the recruitment of Rab7 to autophagosomes and thereby retard autophagosome maturation and cause immune complex accumulation. A decreasing trend in CLEC18A levels that was accompanied by reduced HCV RNA titers and diminished cryoglobulin was observed in the sera of HCV-MC patients after direct-acting antiviral therapy. CLEC18A may be used for the evaluation of anti-HCV therapeutic drug effects and could be a potential predisposing factor for the development of MC syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsai-Ling Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ming Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuo-Tung Tang
- Division of Allergy, Immunology and Rheumatology, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ying-Ying Yang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Der-Yuan Chen
- Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Translational Medicine Laboratory, Rheumatology and Immunology Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Hsien Chan
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Ju Tsai
- Department of Medical Research, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Sung PS, Sun CP, Tao MH, Hsieh SL. Inhibition of SARS-CoV-2-mediated thromboinflammation by CLEC2.Fc. EMBO Mol Med 2023:e16351. [PMID: 37211986 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.202216351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thromboinflammation is the major cause of morbidity and mortality in COVID-19 patients, and post-mortem examination demonstrates the presence of platelet-rich thrombi and microangiopathy in visceral organs. Moreover, persistent microclots were detected in both acute COVID-19 and long COVID plasma samples. However, the molecular mechanism of SARS-CoV-2-induced thromboinflammation is still unclear. We found that the spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk)-coupled C-type lectin member 2 (CLEC2), which was highly expressed in platelets and alveolar macrophages, interacted with the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SARS-CoV-2 RBD) directly. Unlike the thread-like NETs, SARS-CoV-2-induced aggregated NET formation in the presence of wild-type (WT), but not CLEC2-deficient platelets. Furthermore, SARS-CoV-2 spike pseudotyped lentivirus was able to induce NET formation via CLEC2, indicating SARS-CoV-2 RBD engaged CLEC2 to activate platelets to enhance NET formation. Administration of CLEC2.Fc inhibited SARS-CoV-2-induced NET formation and thromboinflammation in AAV-ACE2-infected mice. Thus, CLEC2 is a novel pattern recognition receptor for SARS-CoV-2, and CLEC2.Fc and may become a promising therapeutic agent to inhibit SARS-CoV-2-induced thromboinflammation and reduced the risk of post-acute sequelae of COVID-19 (PASC) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Shan Sung
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Pu Sun
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Mi-Hua Tao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shie-Liang Hsieh
- Genomics Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Immunology Research Center, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Taiwan
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Murashko ON, Yeh KH, Yu CHA, Kaberdin VR, Lin-Chao S. Sodium Fluoride Exposure Leads to ATP Depletion and Altered RNA Decay in Escherichia coli under Anaerobic Conditions. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0415822. [PMID: 36939343 PMCID: PMC10100675 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04158-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although fluoride-containing compounds are widely used to inhibit bacterial growth, the reprogramming of gene expression underlying cellular responses to fluoride, especially under anaerobic conditions, is still poorly understood. Here, we compare the genome-wide transcriptomic profiles of E. coli grown in the absence (control) or presence (20 and 70 mM) of sodium fluoride (NaF) under anaerobic conditions and assess the impact of fluoride-dependent ATP depletion on RNA turnover. Tiling array analysis revealed transcripts displaying altered abundance in response to NaF treatments. Quantile-based K-means clustering uncovered a subset of genes that were highly upregulated and then downregulated in response to increased and subsequently decreased fluoride concentrations, many of which (~40%) contained repetitive extragenic palindromic (REP) sequences. Northern blot analysis of some of these highly upregulated REP-containing transcripts (i.e., osmC, proP, efeO and yghA) confirmed their considerably enhanced abundance in response to NaF treatment. An mRNA stability analysis of osmC and yghA transcripts demonstrated that fluoride treatment slows down RNA degradation, thereby enhancing RNA stability and steady-state mRNA levels. Moreover, we demonstrate that turnover of these transcripts depends on RNase E activity and RNA degradosome. Thus, we show that NaF exerts significant effects at the whole-transcriptome level under hypoxic growth (i.e., mimicking the host environment), and fluoride can impact gene expression posttranscriptionally by slowing down ATP-dependent degradation of structured RNAs. IMPORTANCE Gram-negative Escherichia coli is a rod-shaped facultative anaerobic bacterium commonly found in microaerobic/anaerobic environments, including the dental plaques of warm-blooded organisms. These latter can be treated efficiently with fluoride-rich compounds that act as anticaries agents to prevent tooth decay. Although fluoride inhibits microbial growth by affecting metabolic pathways, the molecular mechanisms underlying its activity under anaerobic conditions remain poorly defined. Here, using genome-wide transcriptomics, we explore the impact of fluoride treatments on E. coli gene expression under anaerobic conditions. We reveal key gene clusters associated with cellular responses to fluoride and define its ATP-dependent stabilizing effects on transcripts containing repetitive extragenic palindromic sequences. We demonstrate the mechanisms controlling the RNA stability of these REP-containing mRNAs. Thus, fluoride can affect gene expression posttranscriptionally by stabilizing structured RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kun-Hai Yeh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Vladimir R. Kaberdin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Immunology, Microbiology and Parasitology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
- Basque Foundation for Science, IKERBASQUE, Bilbao, Spain
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE-UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Spain
| | - Sue Lin-Chao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chou JY, Hsu PC, Leu JY. Enforcement of Postzygotic Species Boundaries in the Fungal Kingdom. Microbiol Mol Biol Rev 2022; 86:e0009822. [PMID: 36098649 PMCID: PMC9769731 DOI: 10.1128/mmbr.00098-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the molecular basis of speciation is a primary goal in evolutionary biology. The formation of the postzygotic reproductive isolation that causes hybrid dysfunction, thereby reducing gene flow between diverging populations, is crucial for speciation. Using various advanced approaches, including chromosome replacement, hybrid introgression and transcriptomics, population genomics, and experimental evolution, scientists have revealed multiple mechanisms involved in postzygotic barriers in the fungal kingdom. These results illuminate both unique and general features of fungal speciation. Our review summarizes experiments on fungi exploring how Dobzhansky-Muller incompatibility, killer meiotic drive, chromosome rearrangements, and antirecombination contribute to postzygotic reproductive isolation. We also discuss possible evolutionary forces underlying different reproductive isolation mechanisms and the potential roles of the evolutionary arms race under the Red Queen hypothesis and epigenetic divergence in speciation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jui-Yu Chou
- Department of Biology, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Po-Chen Hsu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jun-Yi Leu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
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