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Godoy-Hernandez A, Asseri AH, Purugganan AJ, Jiko C, de Ram C, Lill H, Pabst M, Mitsuoka K, Gerle C, Bald D, McMillan DGG. Rapid and Highly Stable Membrane Reconstitution by LAiR Enables the Study of Physiological Integral Membrane Protein Functions. ACS Cent Sci 2023; 9:494-507. [PMID: 36968527 PMCID: PMC10037447 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Functional reintegration into lipid environments represents a major challenge for in vitro investigation of integral membrane proteins (IMPs). Here, we report a new approach, termed LMNG Auto-insertion Reintegration (LAiR), for reintegration of IMPs into lipid bilayers within minutes. The resulting proteoliposomes displayed an unprecedented capability to maintain proton gradients and long-term stability. LAiR allowed for monitoring catalysis of a membrane-bound, physiologically relevant polyisoprenoid quinone substrate by Escherichia coli cytochromes bo 3 (cbo 3) and bd (cbd) under control of the proton motive force. LAiR also facilitated bulk-phase detection and physiological assessment of the "proton leak" in cbo 3, a controversial catalytic state that previously was only approachable at the single-molecule level. LAiR maintained the multisubunit integrity and higher-order oligomeric states of the delicate mammalian F-ATP synthase. Given that LAiR can be applied to both liposomes and planar membrane bilayers and is compatible with IMPs and lipids from prokaryotic and eukaryotic sources, we anticipate LAiR to be applied broadly across basic research, pharmaceutical applications, and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert Godoy-Hernandez
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Amer H. Asseri
- Biochemistry
Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz
University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia
- Amsterdam
Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aiden J. Purugganan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Chimari Jiko
- Institute
for Integrated Radiation and Nuclear Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Carol de Ram
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Holger Lill
- Amsterdam
Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Pabst
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kaoru Mitsuoka
- Research
Center for Ultra-High Voltage Electron Microscopy, Osaka University, Ibaraki, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Christoph Gerle
- Institute
for Protein Research, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
- Life
Science Research Infrastructure Group, RIKEN
SPring-8 Center, Kouto, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - Dirk Bald
- Amsterdam
Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), AIMMS, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Duncan G. G. McMillan
- Department
of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, 2628 CD Delft, The Netherlands
- Department
of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Bunkyo
City, Tokyo 113-8654, Japan
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Krah A, Zarco-Zavala M, McMillan DGG. Insights into the regulatory function of the ɛ subunit from bacterial F-type ATP synthases: a comparison of structural, biochemical and biophysical data. Open Biol 2018; 8:170275. [PMID: 29769322 PMCID: PMC5990651 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.170275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
ATP synthases catalyse the formation of ATP, the most common chemical energy storage unit found in living cells. These enzymes are driven by an electrochemical ion gradient, which allows the catalytic evolution of ATP by a binding change mechanism. Most ATP synthases are capable of catalysing ATP hydrolysis to varying degrees, and to prevent wasteful ATP hydrolysis, bacteria and mitochondria have regulatory mechanisms such as ADP inhibition. Additionally, ɛ subunit inhibition has also been described in three bacterial systems, Escherichia coli, Bacillus PS3 and Caldalkalibacillus thermarum TA2.A1. Previous studies suggest that the ɛ subunit is capable of undergoing an ATP-dependent conformational change from the ATP hydrolytic inhibitory 'extended' conformation to the ATP-induced non-inhibitory 'hairpin' conformation. A recently published crystal structure of the F1 domain of the C. thermarum TA2.A1 F1Fo ATP synthase revealed a mutant ɛ subunit lacking the ability to bind ATP in a hairpin conformation. This is a surprising observation considering it is an organism that performs no ATP hydrolysis in vivo, and appears to challenge the current dogma on the regulatory role of the ɛ subunit. This has prompted a re-examination of present knowledge of the ɛ subunits role in different organisms. Here, we compare published biochemical, biophysical and structural data involving ɛ subunit-mediated ATP hydrolysis regulation in a variety of organisms, concluding that the ɛ subunit from the bacterial F-type ATP synthases is indeed capable of regulating ATP hydrolysis activity in a wide variety of bacteria, making it a potentially valuable drug target, but its exact role is still under debate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Krah
- School of Computational Sciences, Korea Institute for Advanced Study, 85 Hoegiro Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 02455, Republic of Korea
| | - Mariel Zarco-Zavala
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Duncan G G McMillan
- Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, van der Maasweg 9, Delft 2629 HZ, The Netherlands
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