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Ju Y, Lee WS, Pilkington EH, Kelly HG, Li S, Selva KJ, Wragg KM, Subbarao K, Nguyen THO, Rowntree LC, Allen LF, Bond K, Williamson DA, Truong NP, Plebanski M, Kedzierska K, Mahanty S, Chung AW, Caruso F, Wheatley AK, Juno JA, Kent SJ. Anti-PEG Antibodies Boosted in Humans by SARS-CoV-2 Lipid Nanoparticle mRNA Vaccine. ACS Nano 2022; 16:11769-11780. [PMID: 35758934 PMCID: PMC9261834 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 44.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Humans commonly have low level antibodies to poly(ethylene) glycol (PEG) due to environmental exposure. Lipid nanoparticle (LNP) mRNA vaccines for SARS-CoV-2 contain small amounts of PEG, but it is not known whether PEG antibodies are enhanced by vaccination and what their impact is on particle-immune cell interactions in human blood. We studied plasma from 130 adults receiving either the BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) or mRNA-1273 (Moderna) mRNA vaccines or no SARS-CoV-2 vaccine for PEG-specific antibodies. Anti-PEG IgG was commonly detected prior to vaccination and was significantly boosted a mean of 13.1-fold (range 1.0-70.9) following mRNA-1273 vaccination and a mean of 1.78-fold (range 0.68-16.6) following BNT162b2 vaccination. Anti-PEG IgM increased 68.5-fold (range 0.9-377.1) and 2.64-fold (0.76-12.84) following mRNA-1273 and BNT162b2 vaccination, respectively. The rise in PEG-specific antibodies following mRNA-1273 vaccination was associated with a significant increase in the association of clinically relevant PEGylated LNPs with blood phagocytes ex vivo. PEG antibodies did not impact the SARS-CoV-2 specific neutralizing antibody response to vaccination. However, the elevated levels of vaccine-induced anti-PEG antibodies correlated with increased systemic reactogenicity following two doses of vaccination. We conclude that PEG-specific antibodies can be boosted by LNP mRNA vaccination and that the rise in PEG-specific antibodies is associated with systemic reactogenicity and an increase of PEG particle-leukocyte association in human blood. The longer-term clinical impact of the increase in PEG-specific antibodies induced by lipid nanoparticle mRNA vaccines should be monitored. It may be useful to identify suitable alternatives to PEG for developing next-generation LNP vaccines to overcome PEG immunogenicity in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Ju
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences,
RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083,
Australia
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000,
Australia
| | - Wen Shi Lee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Emily H. Pilkington
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University,
Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Hannah G. Kelly
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Shiyao Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000,
Australia
| | - Kevin J. Selva
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kathleen M. Wragg
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Kanta Subbarao
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- WHO Collaborating Centre for Reference and Research on
Influenza, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity,
Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Thi H. O. Nguyen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Louise C. Rowntree
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Lilith F. Allen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Katherine Bond
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne
Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Deborah A. Williamson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, Royal Melbourne
Hospital, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Nghia P. Truong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Department of Drug Delivery, Disposition and Dynamics,
Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University,
Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Magdalena Plebanski
- School of Health and Biomedical Sciences,
RMIT University, Bundoora, VIC 3083,
Australia
| | - Katherine Kedzierska
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Siddhartha Mahanty
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter Doherty Institute
for Infection and Immunity, The University of Melbourne,
Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Amy W. Chung
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Frank Caruso
- Department of Chemical Engineering, The
University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000,
Australia
| | - Adam K. Wheatley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Jennifer A. Juno
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
| | - Stephen J. Kent
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Peter
Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, The University of
Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Melbourne Sexual Health Centre and Department of Infectious
Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Central Clinical School, Monash
University, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
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