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Jackson LA, Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG, Roberts PC, Makhene M, Coler RN, McCullough MP, Chappell JD, Denison MR, Stevens LJ, Pruijssers AJ, McDermott A, Flach B, Doria-Rose NA, Corbett KS, Morabito KM, O'Dell S, Schmidt SD, Swanson PA, Padilla M, Mascola JR, Neuzil KM, Bennett H, Sun W, Peters E, Makowski M, Albert J, Cross K, Buchanan W, Pikaart-Tautges R, Ledgerwood JE, Graham BS, Beigel JH. An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 - Preliminary Report. N Engl J Med 2020; 383:1920-1931. [PMID: 32663912 PMCID: PMC7377258 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2022483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2238] [Impact Index Per Article: 559.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emerged in late 2019 and spread globally, prompting an international effort to accelerate development of a vaccine. The candidate vaccine mRNA-1273 encodes the stabilized prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. METHODS We conducted a phase 1, dose-escalation, open-label trial including 45 healthy adults, 18 to 55 years of age, who received two vaccinations, 28 days apart, with mRNA-1273 in a dose of 25 μg, 100 μg, or 250 μg. There were 15 participants in each dose group. RESULTS After the first vaccination, antibody responses were higher with higher dose (day 29 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay anti-S-2P antibody geometric mean titer [GMT], 40,227 in the 25-μg group, 109,209 in the 100-μg group, and 213,526 in the 250-μg group). After the second vaccination, the titers increased (day 57 GMT, 299,751, 782,719, and 1,192,154, respectively). After the second vaccination, serum-neutralizing activity was detected by two methods in all participants evaluated, with values generally similar to those in the upper half of the distribution of a panel of control convalescent serum specimens. Solicited adverse events that occurred in more than half the participants included fatigue, chills, headache, myalgia, and pain at the injection site. Systemic adverse events were more common after the second vaccination, particularly with the highest dose, and three participants (21%) in the 250-μg dose group reported one or more severe adverse events. CONCLUSIONS The mRNA-1273 vaccine induced anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses in all participants, and no trial-limiting safety concerns were identified. These findings support further development of this vaccine. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others; mRNA-1273 ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04283461).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa A Jackson
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Evan J Anderson
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Nadine G Rouphael
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Paul C Roberts
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Mamodikoe Makhene
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Rhea N Coler
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Michele P McCullough
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - James D Chappell
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Mark R Denison
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Laura J Stevens
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Andrea J Pruijssers
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Adrian McDermott
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Britta Flach
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Nicole A Doria-Rose
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Kizzmekia S Corbett
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Kaitlyn M Morabito
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Sijy O'Dell
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Stephen D Schmidt
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Phillip A Swanson
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Marcelino Padilla
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - John R Mascola
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Kathleen M Neuzil
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Hamilton Bennett
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Wellington Sun
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Etza Peters
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Mat Makowski
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Jim Albert
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Kaitlyn Cross
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Wendy Buchanan
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Rhonda Pikaart-Tautges
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Julie E Ledgerwood
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - Barney S Graham
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
| | - John H Beigel
- From Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute (L.A.J.) and the Center for Global Infectious Disease Research (CGIDR), Seattle Children's Research Institute (R.N.C.) - both in Seattle; the Department of Medicine, Center for Childhood Infections and Vaccines (CCIV) of Children's Healthcare of Atlanta and Emory University Department of Pediatrics, Atlanta (E.J.A., E.P.), and Hope Clinic, Department of Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Decatur (N.G.R., M.P.M.) - both in Georgia; the Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (P.C.R., M. Makhene, W.B., R.P.-T., J.H.B.) and the Vaccine Research Center (A.M., B.F., N.A.D.-R., K.S.C., K.M.M., S.O., S.D.S., P.A.S., M.P., J.R.M., J.E.L., B.S.G.), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, the University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore (K.M.N.), and the Emmes Company, Rockville (M. Makowski, J.A., K.C.) - all in Maryland; the Departments of Pediatrics (J.D.C., M.R.D., L.J.S., A.J.P.) and Pathology, Microbiology, and Immunology (M.R.D.), and the Vanderbilt Institute for Infection, Immunology, and Inflammation (J.D.C., M.R.D., A.J.P.), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville; and Moderna, Cambridge, MA (H.B., W.S.)
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