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Lucio J, Alcazar-Fuoli L, Gil H, Cano-Pascual S, Hernandez-Egido S, Cuetara MS, Mellado E. Distribution of Aspergillus species and prevalence of azole resistance in clinical and environmental samples from a Spanish hospital during a three-year study period. Mycoses 2024; 67:e13719. [PMID: 38551063 DOI: 10.1111/myc.13719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surveillance studies are crucial for updating trends in Aspergillus species and antifungal susceptibility information. OBJECTIVES Determine the Aspergillus species distribution and azole resistance prevalence during this 3-year prospective surveillance study in a Spanish hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three hundred thirty-five Aspergillus spp. clinical and environmental isolates were collected during a 3-year study. All isolates were screened for azole resistance using an agar-based screening method and resistance was confirmed by EUCAST antifungal susceptibility testing. The azole resistance mechanism was confirmed by sequencing the cyp51A gene and its promoter. All Aspergillus fumigatus strains were genotyped using TRESPERG analysis. RESULTS Aspergillus fumigatus was the predominant species recovered with a total of 174 strains (51.94%). The rest of Aspergillus spp. were less frequent: Aspergillus niger (14.93%), Aspergillus terreus (9.55%), Aspergillus flavus (8.36%), Aspergillus nidulans (5.37%) and Aspergillus lentulus (3.28%), among other Aspergillus species (6.57%). TRESPERG analysis showed 99 different genotypes, with 72.73% of the strains being represented as a single genotype. Some genotypes were common among clinical and environmental A. fumigatus azole-susceptible strains, even when isolated months apart. We describe the occurrence of two azole-resistant A. fumigatus strains, one clinical and another environmental, that were genotypically different and did not share genotypes with any of the azole-susceptible strains. CONCLUSIONS Aspergillus fumigatus strains showed a very diverse population although several genotypes were shared among clinical and environmental strains. The isolation of azole-resistant strains from both settings suggest that an efficient analysis of clinical and environmental sources must be done to detect azole resistance in A. fumigatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Lucio
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Alcazar-Fuoli
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-CB21/13/00105), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Horacio Gil
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Cano-Pascual
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Hernandez-Egido
- Microbiology Department, University Hospital Severo Ochoa, Leganés, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Emilia Mellado
- Mycology Reference Laboratory, National Centre for Microbiology, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Research in Network in Infectious Diseases (CIBERINFEC-CB21/13/00105), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Montero-Vega MT, Matilla J, Bazán E, Reimers D, De Andrés-Martín A, Gonzalo-Gobernado R, Correa C, Urbano F, Gómez-Coronado D. Fluvastatin Converts Human Macrophages into Foam Cells with Increased Inflammatory Response to Inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Ra. Cells 2024; 13:536. [PMID: 38534380 DOI: 10.3390/cells13060536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2024] [Revised: 03/07/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Cholesterol biosynthesis inhibitors (statins) protect hypercholesterolemic patients against developing active tuberculosis, suggesting that these drugs could help the host to control the pathogen at the initial stages of the disease. This work studies the effect of fluvastatin on the early response of healthy peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to inactivated Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Ra. We found that in fluvastatin-treated PBMCs, most monocytes/macrophages became foamy cells that overproduced NLRP3 inflammasome components in the absence of immune stimulation, evidencing important cholesterol metabolism/immunity connections. When both fluvastatin-treated and untreated PBMCs were exposed to Mtb H37Ra, a small subset of macrophages captured large amounts of bacilli and died, concentrating the bacteria in necrotic areas. In fluvastatin-untreated cultures, most of the remaining macrophages became epithelioid cells that isolated these areas of cell death in granulomatous structures that barely produced IFNγ. By contrast, in fluvastatin-treated cultures, foamy macrophages surrounded the accumulated bacteria, degraded them, markedly activated caspase-1 and elicited a potent IFNγ/cytotoxic response. In rabbits immunized with the same bacteria, fluvastatin increased the tuberculin test response. We conclude that statins may enhance macrophage efficacy to control Mtb, with the help of adaptive immunity, offering a promising tool in the design of alternative therapies to fight tuberculosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Montero-Vega
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Matilla
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eulalia Bazán
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diana Reimers
- Servicio de Neurobiología-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana De Andrés-Martín
- Servicio de Inmunología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Gonzalo-Gobernado
- Departamento de Biología Molecular y Celular, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Correa
- Unidad de Cirugía Experimental y Animalario, Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Urbano
- Servicio Interdepartamental de Investigación (SIdI), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Diego Gómez-Coronado
- Servicio de Bioquímica-Investigación, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), 28034 Madrid, Spain
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Alonso-Menchén D, Bouza E, Valerio M, de Alarcón A, Gutiérrez-Carretero E, Miró JM, Goenaga-Sánchez MÁ, Plata-Ciézar A, González-Rico C, López-Cortés LE, Rodríguez Esteban MÁ, Martínez-Marcos FJ, Muñoz P. Non-nosocomial Healthcare-Associated Infective Endocarditis: A Distinct Entity? Data From the GAMES Series (2008-2021). Open Forum Infect Dis 2023; 10:ofad393. [PMID: 37564744 PMCID: PMC10411035 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofad393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Patients who acquire infective endocarditis (IE) following contact with the healthcare system, but outside the hospital, are classified as having non-nosocomial healthcare-associated IE (HCIE). Our aim was to characterize HCIE and establish whether its etiology, diagnosis, and therapeutic approach suggest it should be considered a distinct entity. Methods This study retrospectively analyzes data from a nationwide, multicenter, prospective cohort including consecutive cases of IE at 45 hospitals across Spain from 2008 to 2021. HCIE was defined as IE detected in patients in close contact with the healthcare system (eg, patients receiving intravenous treatment, hemodialysis, or institutionalized). The prevalence and main characteristics of HCIE were examined and compared with those of community-acquired IE (CIE) and nosocomial IE (NIE) and with literature data. Results IE was diagnosed in 4520 cases, of which 2854 (63%) were classified as CIE, 1209 (27%) as NIE, and 457 (10%) as HCIE. Patients with HCIE showed a high burden of comorbidities, a high presence of intravascular catheters, and a predominant staphylococcal etiology, Staphylococcus aureus being identified as the most frequent causative agent (35%). They also experienced more persistent bacteremia, underwent fewer surgeries, and showed a higher mortality rate than those with CIE (32.4% vs 22.6%). However, mortality in this group was similar to that recorded for NIE (32.4% vs 34.9%, respectively, P = .40). Conclusions Our data do not support considering HCIE as a distinct entity. HCIE affects a substantial number of patients, is associated with a high mortality, and shares many characteristics with NIE.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Alonso-Menchén
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CB06/06/0058), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maricela Valerio
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Arístides de Alarcón
- Unidad Clínica de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Microbiología y Parasitología, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville/CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Seville, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Encarnación Gutiérrez-Carretero
- Cardiac Surgery Service, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville/CSIC(Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Seville, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Miró
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Service, Hospital Clínic–IDIBAPS (Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Antonio Plata-Ciézar
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, IBIMA (Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga), Málaga, Spain
| | - Claudia González-Rico
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla–IDIVAL (Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla), Santander, Spain
| | - Luis Eduardo López-Cortés
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Infectious Diseases and Microbiology Clinical Unit, University Hospital Virgen Macarena, Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, University of Seville/CSIC (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas), Seville, Spain
| | | | | | - Patricia Muñoz
- Department of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER (Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red) de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CB06/06/0058), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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Díaz-García J, Mesquida A, Machado M, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Muñoz P, Escribano P, Guinea J. Yeasts from blood cultures in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic in a tertiary care hospital: Shift in species epidemiology, steady low antifungal resistance and full in vitro ibrexafungerp activity. Med Mycol 2023; 61:myad072. [PMID: 37460168 DOI: 10.1093/mmy/myad072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/02/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Several institutions reported a rise not only in fungemia incidence but also in the number of cases caused by Candida auris or fluconazole-resistant C. parapsilosis during the COVID-19 pandemic. Since the pandemic broke out in early 2020, we studied its impact on fungemia incidence, species epidemiology, potential patient-to-patient transmission, and antifungal resistance in 166 incident yeast isolates collected from January 2020 to December 2022. Isolates were molecularly identified, and their antifungal susceptibilities to amphotericin B, azoles, micafungin, anidulafungin, and ibrexafungerp were studied following the European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) method, and genotyped. The fungemia incidence (episodes per 1000 admissions) tended to decrease over time (2020 = 1.60, 2021 = 1.36, 2022 = 1.16); P > .05). Species distribution was C. albicans (50.6%, n = 84), C. parapsilosis (18.7%, n = 31), C. glabrata (12.0%, n = 20), C. tropicalis (11.4%, n = 19), C. krusei (3.0%, n = 5), other Candida spp. (1.2%, n = 2), and non-Candida yeasts (3.0%, n = 5). The highest and lowest proportions of C. albicans and C. parapsilosis were detected in 2020. The proportion of isolates between 2020 and 2022 decreased in C. albicans (60.3% vs. 36.7%) and increased in C. parapsilosis (10.3% vs. 28.6%; P < .05) and C. tropicalis (8.8% vs. 16.3%; P > .05). Only three C. albicans intra-ward clusters involving two patients each were detected, and the percentages of patients involved in intra-ward clusters reached 9.8% and 8.0% in 2020 and 2021, respectively, suggesting that clonal spreading was not uncontrolled. Fluconazole resistance (5%) exhibited a decreasing trend (P > .05) over time (2020 = 7.6%; 2021 = 4.2%; and 2022 = 2.1%). Ibrexafungerp showed high in vitro activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Díaz-García
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina Mesquida
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Machado
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029, Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Escribano
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- School of Health Sciences-HM Hospitals, Universidad Camilo José Cela, 28692, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Guinea
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, 28007, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), 28029, Madrid, Spain
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Díaz-García J, Mesquida A, Sánchez-Carrillo C, Reigadas E, Muñoz P, Escribano P, Guinea J. Monitoring the Epidemiology and Antifungal Resistance of Yeasts Causing Fungemia in a Tertiary Care Hospital in Madrid, Spain: Any Relevant Changes in the Last 13 Years? Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2021; 65:e01827-20. [PMID: 33468487 PMCID: PMC8097463 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01827-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 12/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We conducted an updated analysis on yeast isolates causing fungemia in patients admitted to a tertiary hospital in Madrid, Spain, over a 13-year period. We studied 896 isolates associated with 872 episodes of fungemia in 857 hospitalized patients between January 2007 and December 2019. Antifungal susceptibility was assessed by EUCAST EDef 7.3.2. Mutations conferring azole and echinocandin resistance were further studied, and genotyping of resistant clones was performed with species-specific microsatellite markers. Candida albicans (45.8%) was the most frequently identified species, followed by the Candida parapsilosis complex (26.4%), Candida glabrata (12.3%), Candida tropicalis (7.3%), Candida krusei (2.3%), other Candida spp. (3.1%), and non-Candida yeasts (2.8%). The rate of fluconazole resistance in Candida spp. was 4.7%, ranging from 0% (C. parapsilosis) to 9.1% (C. glabrata). The overall rate of echinocandin resistance was 3.1%. Resistance was highly influenced by the presence of intrinsically resistant species. Although the number of isolates between 2007 and 2013 was almost 2-fold higher than that in the period from 2014 to 2019 (566 versus 330), fluconazole resistance in Candida spp. was greater in the second period (3.5% versus 6.8%; P < 0.05), while overall resistance to echinocandins remained stable (3.5% versus 2.4%; P > 0.05). Resistant clones were collected from different wards and/or time points, suggesting that there were no epidemiological links. The number of fungemia episodes has been decreasing over the last 13 years, with a slight increase in the rate of fluconazole resistance and stable echinocandin resistance. Antifungal resistance is not the cause of the spread of resistant clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Díaz-García
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aina Mesquida
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Reigadas
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Muñoz
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Escribano
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Guinea
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
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Guinea J. Updated EUCAST Clinical Breakpoints against Aspergillus, Implications for the Clinical Microbiology Laboratory. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:E343. [PMID: 33291313 PMCID: PMC7762142 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Azole resistance poses a problem for the management of patients with invasive aspergillosis. Former species are in fact groups of closely related species (or complexes); cryptic species frequently show high antifungal resistance. The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) EUCAST Definitive Document (E.Def) 9.3.2 includes guidelines for antifungal susceptibility testing on Aspergillus spp. and clinical breakpoints for amphotericin B, itraconazole, voriconazole, posaconazole, and isavuconazole against A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. niger, and A. terreus. New clinical breakpoints were released in February 2020 and one of the most relevant modifications was the definition of the new "susceptible, increased exposure" (formerly "intermediate") category. Another relevant change was the adoption of the concept of area of technical uncertainty (ATU) that refers to problematic areas which involve uncertainty of susceptibility categorisation (e.g., when minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) for susceptible and resistant organisms overlap). To accommodate both the new "susceptible, increased exposure" category and the concept of ATU, MICs of azoles and amphotericin B that fall in the former "intermediate" category have been automatically categorized as either R (amphotericin B) or ATU (triazoles). Finally, EUCAST-AFST (Antifungal Susceptibility Testing) decided to adopt new breakpoints for less common species provided that the epidemiological cut-off value (ECOFF) is below or comparable to the breakpoint for the type species (A. fumigatus).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Guinea
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, C/ Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain; ; Tel.: +34-91-586-7163
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Servicio de Microbiología Clínica y Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, C/ Dr. Esquerdo, 46, 28007 Madrid, Spain
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Panach L, Pertusa C, Martínez-Rojas B, Acebrón Á, Mifsut D, Tarín JJ, Cano A, García-Pérez MÁ. Comparative transcriptome analysis identifies CARM1 and DNMT3A as genes associated with osteoporosis. Sci Rep 2020; 10:16298. [PMID: 33004909 PMCID: PMC7530982 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-72870-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
To identify new candidate genes in osteoporosis, mainly involved in epigenetic mechanisms, we compared whole gene-expression in osteoblasts (OBs) obtained from women undergoing hip replacement surgery due to fragility fracture and severe osteoarthritis. Then, we analyzed the association of several SNPs with BMD in 1028 women. Microarray analysis yielded 2542 differentially expressed transcripts belonging to 1798 annotated genes, of which 45.6% (819) were overexpressed, and 54.4% (979) underexpressed (fold-change between - 7.45 and 4.0). Among the most represented pathways indicated by transcriptome analysis were chondrocyte development, positive regulation of bone mineralization, BMP signaling pathway, skeletal system development and Wnt signaling pathway. In the translational stage we genotyped 4 SNPs in DOT1L, HEY2, CARM1 and DNMT3A genes. Raw data analyzed against inheritance patterns showed a statistically significant association between a SNP of DNMT3A and femoral neck-(FN) sBMD and primarily a SNP of CARM1 was correlated with both FN and lumbar spine-(LS) sBMD. Most of these associations remained statistically significant after adjusting for confounders. In analysis with anthropometric and clinical variables, the SNP of CARM1 unexpectedly revealed a close association with BMI (p = 0.000082), insulin (p = 0.000085), and HOMA-IR (p = 0.000078). In conclusion, SNPs of the DNMT3A and CARM1 genes are associated with BMD, in the latter case probably owing to a strong correlation with obesity and fasting insulin levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Layla Panach
- Research Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Clara Pertusa
- Research Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Álvaro Acebrón
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinic Hospital, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Damián Mifsut
- Orthopedic Surgery and Traumatology, Clinic Hospital, Institute of Health Research INCLIVA, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Tarín
- Department of Cellular Biology, Functional Biology and Physical Anthropology, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Antonio Cano
- Department of Pediatrics, Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Valencia, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel García-Pérez
- Research Unit, INCLIVA Health Research Institute, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
- Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, 46100, Burjassot, Spain.
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Dubois-Silva Á, Barbagelata-López C, Mena Á, Piñeiro-Parga P, Llinares-García D, Freire-Castro S. Pulmonary embolism and screening for concomitant proximal deep vein thrombosis in noncritically ill hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019. Intern Emerg Med 2020; 15:865-870. [PMID: 32592114 PMCID: PMC7318906 DOI: 10.1007/s11739-020-02416-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Dubois-Silva
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain.
- Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Cristina Barbagelata-López
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Álvaro Mena
- Universidade da Coruña (UDC), A Coruña, Spain
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Patricia Piñeiro-Parga
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Diego Llinares-García
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
| | - Santiago Freire-Castro
- Department of Internal Medicine, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de A Coruña (CHUAC), Servizo Galego de Saúde (SERGAS), A Coruña, Spain
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9
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Katinios G, Casado-Bedmar M, Walter SA, Vicario M, González-Castro AM, Bednarska O, Söderholm JD, Hjortswang H, Keita ÅV. Increased Colonic Epithelial Permeability and Mucosal Eosinophilia in Ulcerative Colitis in Remission Compared With Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Health. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2020; 26:974-984. [PMID: 31944236 PMCID: PMC7301402 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izz328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrier dysfunction is recognized as a pathogenic factor in ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but it is unclear to what extent the factors related to barrier dysfunction are disease-specific. The aim of this study was to compare these aspects in UC patients in remission, IBS patients, and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS Colonic biopsies were collected from 13 patients with UC in remission, 15 patients with IBS-mixed, and 15 HCs. Ulcerative colitis patients had recently been treated for relapse, and biopsies were taken from earlier inflamed areas. Biopsies were mounted in Ussing chambers for measurements of intestinal paracellular permeability to 51chromium (Cr)-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). In addition, biopsies were analyzed for mast cells and eosinophils by histological procedures, and plasma tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α was assessed by ELISA. RESULTS Ussing chamber experiments revealed an increased 51Cr-EDTA permeability in UC and IBS (P < 0.05). The 51Cr-EDTA permeability was higher in UC compared with IBS (P < 0.005). There were increased numbers of mucosal mast cells and eosinophils in UC and IBS and more eosinophils in UC compared with IBS (P < 0.05). Also, increased extracellular granule content was found in UC compared with HCs (P < 0.05). The 51Cr-EDTA permeability correlated significantly with eosinophils in all groups. Plasma TNF-α concentration was higher in UC compared with IBS and HCs (P < 0.0005). CONCLUSIONS Results indicate a more permeable intestinal epithelium in inactive UC and IBS compared with HCs. Ulcerative colitis patients, even during remission, demonstrate a leakier barrier compared with IBS. Both eosinophil numbers and activation state might be involved in the increased barrier function seen in UC patients in remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Katinios
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maite Casado-Bedmar
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Susanna A Walter
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Maria Vicario
- Laboratory of Translational Mucosal Immunology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana M González-Castro
- Laboratory of Translational Mucosal Immunology, Digestive Diseases Research Unit. Vall d’Hebron Institut de Recerca, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Bednarska
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Johan D Söderholm
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Surgery, Linköping, Linköping University,Sweden
| | - Henrik Hjortswang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Åsa V Keita
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
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10
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Bjornsdottir E, Lindberg E, Benediktsdottir B, Gislason T, Garcia Larsen V, Franklin K, Jarvis D, Demoly P, Perret JL, Garcia Aymerich J, Arenas SD, Heinrich J, Torén K, Jögi R, Janson C. Are symptoms of insomnia related to respiratory symptoms? Cross-sectional results from 10 European countries and Australia. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e032511. [PMID: 32350008 PMCID: PMC7213858 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the prevalence of different insomnia subtypes among middle-aged adults from Europe and Australia and to explore the cross-sectional relationship between insomnia subtypes, respiratory symptoms and lung function. DESIGN Cross-sectional population-based, multicentre cohort study. SETTING 23 centres in 10 European countries and Australia. METHODS We included 5800 participants in the third follow-up of the European Community Respiratory Health Survey III (ECRHS III) who answered three questions on insomnia symptoms: difficulties falling asleep (initial insomnia), waking up often during the night (middle insomnia) and waking up early in the morning and not being able to fall back asleep (late insomnia). They also answered questions on smoking, general health and chronic diseases and had the following lung function measurements: forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1), forced vital capacity (FVC) and the FEV1/FVC ratio. Changes in lung function since ECRHS I about 20 years earlier were also analysed. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of insomnia subtypes and relationship to respiratory symptoms and function. RESULTS Overall, middle insomnia (31.2%) was the most common subtype followed by late insomnia (14.2%) and initial insomnia (11.2%). The highest reported prevalence of middle insomnia was found in Iceland (37.2%) and the lowest in Australia (22.7%), while the prevalence of initial and late insomnia was highest in Spain (16.0% and 19.7%, respectively) and lowest in Denmark (4.6% and 9.2%, respectively). All subtypes of insomnia were associated with significantly higher reported prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Only isolated initial insomnia was associated with lower FEV1, whereas no association was found between insomnia and low FEV1/FVC ratio or decline in lung function. CONCLUSION There is considerable geographical variation in the prevalence of insomnia symptoms. Middle insomnia is most common especially in Iceland. Initial and late insomnia are most common in Spain. All insomnia subtypes are associated with respiratory symptoms, and initial insomnia is also associated with lower FEV1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erla Bjornsdottir
- Haskolinn i Reykjavik, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Eva Lindberg
- Respiratory Medicine and Allegology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Bryndis Benediktsdottir
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Sleep, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Thorarinn Gislason
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | | | - Karl Franklin
- Department of Surgery, Surgical and Perioperative Sciences, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Debbie Jarvis
- Department of Respiratory Epidemiology and Public Health, Imperial College, London, UK
| | - Pascal Demoly
- Pneumology Department, University Hospital of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Judith Garcia Aymerich
- Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Instituto de Salud Global Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunya, Spain
| | - Sandra Dorado Arenas
- Pulmonology Department, Hospital Galdakao-Usansolo, Galdacano, País Vasco, Spain
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Clinical Center, Ludwig Maximilians University, Comprehensive Pneumology Centre Munich, German Centre for Lung Research, Muenchen, Germany
| | - Kjell Torén
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Christer Janson
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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11
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Cuypers L, Pérez AB, Chueca N, Aldamiz-Echevarría T, Alados JC, Martínez-Sapiña AM, Merino D, Pineda JA, Téllez F, Espinosa N, Salméron J, Rivero-Juarez A, Vivancos MJ, Hontañón V, Vandamme AM, García F. Relapse or reinfection after failing hepatitis C direct acting antiviral treatment: Unravelled by phylogenetic analysis. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201268. [PMID: 30044871 PMCID: PMC6059487 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite high response rates associated to hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment, no protective immunity is acquired, allowing for reinfection and continued infectiousness. Distinguishing between relapse and reinfection is crucial for patient counselling and to choose the most appropriate retreatment. Here, refined phylogenetic analysis using multiple genes served to assess genotype and reinfection for 53 patients for whom the virus was sampled before start of therapy and at time of sustained virological response evaluation at week 12. At baseline, genotypes were determined as HCV1a (41.5%), HCV1b (24.5%), HCV4 (18.9%) and HCV3a (15.1%), while six cases revealed to be discordantly assigned by phylogeny and commercial assays. Overall, 60.4% was co-infected with HIV. The large majority was classified as people who inject drugs (78.6%), often co-infected with HIV. Transmission was sexual in seven cases, of which five in HIV-positive men-who-have-sex-with-men. Overall, relapse was defined for 44 patients, while no conclusion was drawn for four patients. Five patients were reinfected with a different HCV strain, of which three with a different genotype, showing that phylogeny is needed not only to determine the genotype, but also to distinguish between relapse and intra-subtype reinfection. Of note, phylogenies are more reliable when longer fragments of the viral genome are being sequenced.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lize Cuypers
- KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
- Peter Medawar Building for Pathogen Research, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Belén Pérez
- Clinical Microbiology Department, University Hospital San Cecilio Granada, Instituto de Investigación Ibs. Granada, Spain
| | - Natalia Chueca
- Clinical Microbiology Department, University Hospital San Cecilio Granada, Instituto de Investigación Ibs. Granada, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Dolores Merino
- Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Infanta Elena, Huelva, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Téllez
- UGC Enfermedades Infecciosas y Microbiología, Hospital La Línea, AGS Campo de Gibraltar, Cadiz, Spain
| | - Nuria Espinosa
- Clinical Microbiology, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Salméron
- Hepatology Unit, University Hospital San Cecilio Granada, Instituto de Investigación Ibs. CIBERehd, Granada, Spain
| | - Antonio Rivero-Juarez
- Infectious Diseases Unit. Instituto Maimonides de Investigación Biomédica de Córdoba (IMIBIC). Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía de Córdoba. Universidad de Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | | | - Víctor Hontañón
- Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne-Mieke Vandamme
- KU Leuven–University of Leuven, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Leuven, Belgium
- Center for Global Health and Tropical Medicine, Microbiology Unit, Institute for Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, University Nova de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Féderico García
- Clinical Microbiology Department, University Hospital San Cecilio Granada, Instituto de Investigación Ibs. Granada, Spain
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12
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Bordallo-Cardona MÁ, Marcos-Zambrano LJ, Sánchez-Carrillo C, de la Pedrosa EGG, Cantón R, Bouza E, Escribano P, Guinea J. Mutant Prevention Concentration and Mutant Selection Window of Micafungin and Anidulafungin in Clinical Candida glabrata Isolates. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2018; 62:e01982-17. [PMID: 29311063 PMCID: PMC5826129 DOI: 10.1128/aac.01982-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We report the mutant prevention concentration (MPC) and mutant selection window (MSW) for micafungin and anidulafungin administered to treat Candida glabrata We also determine the mutation frequency. We studied 20 echinocandin-susceptible, fluconazole-intermediate, and FKS wild-type C. glabrata isolates. Adjusted inocula were stroked directly onto Sabouraud agar plates containing different concentrations of micafungin or anidulafungin and visually inspected daily for up to 5 days of incubation. Individual colonies growing on the plates containing echinocandins at 1 mg/liter were selected for antifungal susceptibility testing. The FKS genes of the resulting individual phenotypically resistant colonies were sequenced, and the MPC, MSW, and mutation frequency were determined. Biofilm was quantified, and the growth kinetics and virulence (Galleria mellonella model) of the resulting individual FKS mutant colonies were studied. For micafungin and anidulafungin, we found similar results for the MPC (0.06 to 2 mg/liter and 0.25 to 2 mg/liter, respectively), MSW (0.015 to 2 mg/liter for both echinocandins), and mutation frequency (3.7 × 10-8 and 2.8 × 10-8, respectively). A total of 12 isolates were able to grow at 1 mg/liter on echinocandin-containing plates, yielding a total of 32 phenotypically resistant colonies; however, FKS2 mutations (ΔF658, S663P, W715L, and E655A) were observed only in 21 colonies. We did not find differences in biofilm formation, the kinetic parameters studied, or the median survival of larvae infected by wild-type isolates and the resulting individual FKS2 mutant colonies. Echinocandin concentrations lower than 2 mg/liter can lead to selection of resistance mutations in C. glabrata isolates in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Bordallo-Cardona
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Judith Marcos-Zambrano
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlos Sánchez-Carrillo
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elia Gómez G de la Pedrosa
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Biomédica, Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal and Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Biomédica, Madrid, Spain
- Red Española de Investigación en Patología Infecciosa (REIPI), Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilio Bouza
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pilar Escribano
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Guinea
- Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER Enfermedades Respiratorias-CIBERES (CB06/06/0058), Madrid, Spain
- Medicine Department, School of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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13
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Fernández-Caballero JA, Alvarez M, Chueca N, Pérez AB, García F. The cobas® HCV GT is a new tool that accurately identifies Hepatitis C virus genotypes for clinical practice. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175564. [PMID: 28410425 PMCID: PMC5391928 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to evaluate the correct assignment of HCV genotype/subtypes 1a and 1b by cobas® HCV genotyping (GT) assay (Roche Molecular Diagnostics) compared with nonstructural protein 5B (NS5B) sequencing. Patients and methods Clinical samples from 153 patients submitted for HCV genotyping were studied. After genotyping with the cobas® HCV GT, sequencing of a 387 bp fragment in the NS5B gene and phylogenetic analysis was employed to compare genotyping results. Major discrepancies were defined as differences in the assigned genotype by cobas® HCV GT and NS5B sequencing (including genotype 1 subtypes 1a and 1b misclassification). Results Overall agreement between the cobas® HCV GT and NS5B sequencing was 98%; all the 1a, 1b, 2, 3 and 4 genotypes identified by cobas® HCV GT were concordant with NS5B sequencing. Three samples tested “indetermined” by cobas® HCV GT assay and were genotyped as 1a, 3a, and 4d by NS5B sequencing. Conclussion These results indicate that the cobas® HCV GT assay correctly identifies HCV genotypes, and points out the importance of additional methods based on DNA sequencing for resolving indeterminate results.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. A. Fernández-Caballero
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Granada-Hospital PTS, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Alvarez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Granada-Hospital PTS, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - N. Chueca
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Granada-Hospital PTS, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain
| | - A. B. Pérez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Granada-Hospital PTS, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain
| | - F. García
- Servicio de Microbiología, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Granada-Hospital PTS, Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS, Granada, Spain
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14
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Carreras-Sureda A, Rubio-Moscardo F, Olvera A, Argilaguet J, Kiefer K, Mothe B, Meyerhans A, Brander C, Vicente R. Lymphocyte Activation Dynamics Is Shaped by Hereditary Components at Chromosome Region 17q12-q21. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166414. [PMID: 27835674 PMCID: PMC5106028 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 10/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in the chromosome region 17q12-q21 are risk factors for asthma. Particularly, there are cis-regulatory haplotypes within this region that regulate differentially the expression levels of ORMDL3, GSDMB and ZPBP2 genes. Remarkably, ORMDL3 has been shown to modulate lymphocyte activation parameters in a heterologous expression system. In this context, it has been shown that Th2 and Th17 cytokine production is affected by SNPs in this region. Therefore, we aim to assess the impact of hereditary components within region 17q12-q21 on the activation profile of human T lymphocytes, focusing on the haplotype formed by allelic variants of SNPs rs7216389 and rs12936231. We measured calcium influx and activation markers, as well as the proliferation rate upon T cell activation. Haplotype-dependent differences in mRNA expression levels of IL-2 and INF-γ were observed at early times after activation. In addition, the allelic variants of these SNPs impacted on the extent of calcium influx in resting lymphocytes and altered proliferation rates in a dose dependent manner. As a result, the asthma risk haplotype carriers showed a lower threshold of saturation during activation. Finally, we confirmed differences in activation marker expression by flow cytometry using phytohemagglutinin, a strong polyclonal stimulus. Altogether, our data suggest that the genetic component of pro-inflammatory pathologies present in this chromosome region could be explained by different T lymphocyte activation dynamics depending on individual allelic heredity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado Carreras-Sureda
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Center for Molecular Studies of the Cell, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Fanny Rubio-Moscardo
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alex Olvera
- AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa—HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Jordi Argilaguet
- Infection Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kerstin Kiefer
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Mothe
- AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa—HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
| | - Andreas Meyerhans
- Infection Biology Group, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christian Brander
- AIDS Research Institute, IrsiCaixa—HIVACAT, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya (UVic-UCC), Vic, Spain
- Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Vicente
- Laboratory of Molecular Physiology, Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain
- * E-mail:
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