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Kim MS, Tcho IW, Choi YK. Cryptographic triboelectric random number generator with gentle breezes of an entropy source. Sci Rep 2024; 14:1358. [PMID: 38228787 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-51939-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
A wind-driven triboelectric nanogenerator (W-TENG) is a promising energy harvesting device due to its clean, ubiquitous and unexhausted properties. In addition, a W-TENG induces unpredictable chaotic outputs from wind flow that can serve as an entropy source for cryptography. This can be applied to a true random number generator (TRNG) for a secured system due to its inherent turbulent nature; thus, a W-TENG with a two-in-one structure can simultaneously generate both power and true random numbers. However, a previously reported W-TENG had one major drawback: a wind velocity of 10 m/s is required for stable energy harvesting by wind force. Thus, it is timely to demonstrate a W-TENG-based RNG whose operating condition is below 3 m/s, which is a gentle breeze similar to natural wind. In this study, we demonstrate a wind-driven cryptographic triboelectric random number generator (WCT-RNG) by using a W-TENG whose operating condition for wind speed is below 3 m/s by adopting a rear-fixed film structure instead of a conventional structure. The rear-fixed film refers to the fluttering film being freestanding on the front-side and fixed on the rear-side, where the front- and rear-sides are the wind inlet and outlet, respectively. The WCT-RNG enables the W-TENG to operate below a 3 m/s wind velocity. Because of this, the working time of the WCT-RNG is dramatically enhanced from only 8-42% at an average altitude above sea level. As the capability of operating at low wind speeds is significantly improved, a WCT-RNG becomes more useful and practical for generating both power and true random numbers in a single device. The device can thereby lead to the construction of a self-powered TRNG and secure communication for Internet of Things (IoT) devices in various environments, even under a gentle breeze. In this study, we explain the design of a WCT-RNG structure and also evaluate its randomness by using an NIST SP 800-22 B test suite with a reliability test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Seok Kim
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
- The Department of Semiconductor System Engineering, Hanbat National University, 125 Dongseo-daero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Woong Tcho
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Yang-Kyu Choi
- School of Electrical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea.
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Oh G, Sim JH, Won M, Jung M, Mantry SP, Kim DS. Integrated Temperature-Humidity Sensors for a Pouch-Type Battery Using 100% Printing Process. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 24:104. [PMID: 38202968 PMCID: PMC10781144 DOI: 10.3390/s24010104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 12/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The performance, stability, and lifespan of lithium-ion batteries are influenced by variations in the flow of lithium ions with temperature. In electric vehicles, coolants are generally used to maintain the optimal temperature of the battery, leading to an increasing demand for temperature and humidity sensors that can prevent leakage and short circuits. In this study, humidity and temperature sensors were fabricated on a pouch film of a pouch-type battery. IDE electrodes were screen-printed on the pouch film and humidity- and temperature-sensing materials were printed using a dispenser process. Changes in the capacitance of the printed Ag-CNF film were used for humidity sensing, while changes in the resistance of the printed PEDOT:PSS film were used for temperature sensing. The two sensors were integrated into a single electrode for performance evaluation. The integrated sensor exhibited a response of ΔR ≈ 0.14 to temperature variations from 20 °C to 100 °C with 20% RH humidity as a reference, and a response of ΔC ≈ 2.8 to relative humidity changes from 20% RH to 80% RH at 20 °C. The fabricated integrated sensor is expected to contribute to efficient temperature and humidity monitoring applications in various pouch-type lithium-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gyeongseok Oh
- Department of Creative Convergence Engineering, Hanbat National University, Yuseong-ku, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea; (G.O.); (J.-H.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Jae-Ho Sim
- Department of Creative Convergence Engineering, Hanbat National University, Yuseong-ku, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea; (G.O.); (J.-H.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Mijin Won
- Department of Creative Convergence Engineering, Hanbat National University, Yuseong-ku, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea; (G.O.); (J.-H.S.); (M.W.)
| | - Minhun Jung
- Research Institute of Printed Electronics & 3D Printing, Hanbat National University, Yuseng-ku, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.P.M.)
| | - Snigdha Paramita Mantry
- Research Institute of Printed Electronics & 3D Printing, Hanbat National University, Yuseng-ku, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea; (M.J.); (S.P.M.)
| | - Dong-Soo Kim
- Department of Creative Convergence Engineering, Hanbat National University, Yuseong-ku, Daejeon 305-719, Republic of Korea; (G.O.); (J.-H.S.); (M.W.)
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Ryu DH, Khan N, Park JG, Paik D, Kang BJ, Jeon NJ, Lee S, Lee HK, Lee SK, Shin WS, Lee JC, Kim H, Hong KH, Im SH, Song CE. Morphology and Performance Enhancement through the Strong Passivation Effect of Amphoteric Ions in Tin-based Perovskite Solar Cells. Small 2023; 19:e2302418. [PMID: 37236206 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202302418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the optoelectronic similarities between tin and lead halide perovskites, the performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells remains far behind, with the highest reported efficiency to date being ≈14%. This is highly correlated to the instability of tin halide perovskite, as well as the rapid crystallization behavior in perovskite film formation. In this work, l-Asparagine as a zwitterion plays a dual role in controlling the nucleation/crystallization process and improving the morphology of perovskite film. Furthermore, tin perovskites with l-Asparagine show more favorable energy-level matching, enhancing the charge extraction and minimizing the charge recombination, leading to an enhanced power conversion efficiency of 13.31% (from 10.54% without l-Asparagine) with remarkable stability. These results are also in good agreement with the density functional theory calculations. This work not only provides a facile and efficient approach to controlling the crystallization and morphology of perovskite film but also offers guidelines for further improved performance of tin-based perovskite electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Du Hyeon Ryu
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Nasir Khan
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Goo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Dooam Paik
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Bong Joo Kang
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Joong Jeon
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Seungjin Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Hang Ken Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Kyu Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Won Suk Shin
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Cheol Lee
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon, 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki-Ha Hong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, 34158, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hyuk Im
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-713, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Eun Song
- Advanced Energy Materials Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology (KRICT), Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
- Advanced Materials and Chemical Engineering, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
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Kang W, Lee A, Tae Y, Lee B, Choi JS. Enhancing catalytic efficiency of carbon dots by modulating their Mn doping and chemical structure with metal salts. RSC Adv 2023; 13:8996-9002. [PMID: 36936848 PMCID: PMC10022490 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra01001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Nanozymes are emerging materials in various fields owing to their advantages over natural enzymes, such as controllable and facile synthesis, tunability in catalytic activities, cost-effectiveness, and high stability under stringent conditions. In this study, the effect of metal salts on the formation and catalytic activity of carbon dots (CDs), a promising nanozyme, is demonstrated. By introducing Mn sources that possess different counter anions, the chemical structure and composition of the CDs produced are affected, thereby influencing their enzymatic activities. The synergistic catalytic effect of the Mn and N-doped CDs (Mn&N-CDs) is induced by effective metal doping in the carbogenic domain and a high proportion of graphitic and pyridinic N. This highly enhanced catalytic effect of Mn&N-CDs allows them to respond sensitively to the interference factors of enzymatic reactions. Consequently, ascorbic acid, which is an essential nutrient for maintaining our health and is a reactive oxygen scavenger, can be successfully monitored using color change by forming oxidized 3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine with H2O2 and Mn&N-CDs. This study provides a basic understanding of the formation of CDs and how their catalytic properties can be controlled by the addition of different metal sources, thereby providing guidelines for the development of CDs for industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wooseok Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 Korea
| | - Ahyun Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 Korea
| | - Yoonjin Tae
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 Korea
| | - Byeongseung Lee
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 Korea
| | - Jin-Sil Choi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon 34158 Korea
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Wi JS, Kim J, Kim MY, Choi S, Jung HJ, Kim C, Na HK. Theoretical and experimental comparison of the performance of gold, titanium, and platinum nanodiscs as contrast agents for photoacoustic imaging. RSC Adv 2023; 13:9441-9447. [PMID: 36968039 PMCID: PMC10034477 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra00795b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Exogenous contrast agents in photoacoustic imaging help improve spatial resolution and penetration depth and enable targeted molecular imaging. To screen efficient photoacoustic signaling materials as contrast agents, we propose a light absorption-weighted figure of merit (FOM) that can be calculated using material data from the literature and numerically simulated light absorption cross-sections. The calculated light absorption-weighted FOM shows that a Ti nanodisc has a photoacoustic conversion performance similar to that of an Au nanodisc and better than that of a Pt nanodisc. The photoacoustic imaging results of Ti, Au, and Pt nanodiscs, which are physically synthesized with identical shapes and dimensions, experimentally demonstrated that the Ti nanodisc could be a highly efficient contrast agent. Nanodiscs with different materials but the same shape and size were synthesized, and their performance as photoacoustic imaging contrast agents was compared both theoretically and experimentally.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Sub Wi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National UniversityDaejeon 34158Republic of Korea
| | - Jiwoong Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea
| | - Myeong Yun Kim
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and ScienceDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea
| | - Seongwook Choi
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea
| | - Hae Jue Jung
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and ScienceDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea
| | - Chulhong Kim
- Departments of Electrical Engineering, Convergence IT Engineering, and Mechanical Engineering, School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Medical Device Innovation Center, Pohang University of Science and TechnologyPohang 37673Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Kyung Na
- Safety Measurement Institute, Korea Research Institute of Standards and ScienceDaejeon 34113Republic of Korea
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Seo J, Kim S, Jeon S, Kim S, Kim JH, Jung W. Nanoscale interface engineering for solid oxide fuel cells using atomic layer deposition. Nanoscale Adv 2022; 4:1060-1073. [PMID: 36131774 PMCID: PMC9417260 DOI: 10.1039/d1na00852h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Atomic layer deposition (ALD), which is already actively used in the semiconductor industry, has been in the spotlight in various energy fields, such as batteries and fuel cells, given its unique ability to enable the nanoscale deposition of diverse materials with a variety of compositions onto complex 3D structures. In particular, with regard to ceramic fuel cells, ALD has attracted attention because it facilitates the manufacturing of thin and dense electrolytes. Furthermore, recently, electrode surfaces and electrode/electrolyte interface modification are arising as new research strategies to fabricate robust fuel cells. In this mini-review, we present a brief overview of ALD and recent studies that utilize ALD in ceramic fuel cells, such as manufacturing thin film electrolytes, stabilizing electrodes, functionalizing electrodes, and modifying the chemistry of electrode surfaces. We also propose research directions to expand the utility and functionality of the ALD techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsu Seo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghyun Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - SungHyun Jeon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Suyeon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Hwan Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanbat National University Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - WooChul Jung
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) Daejeon Republic of Korea
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Jeong M, Lee S, Song DY, Kang S, Shin TH, Choi JS. Hyperthermia Effect of Nanoclusters Governed by Interparticle Crystalline Structures. ACS Omega 2021; 6:31161-31167. [PMID: 34841158 PMCID: PMC8613861 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c04632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles have an important role as heat generators in magnetic fluid hyperthermia, a type of next-generation cancer treatment. Despite various trials to improve the heat generation capability of magnetic nanoparticles, iron oxide nanoparticles are the only approved heat generators for clinical applications, which require a large injection dose due to their low hyperthermia efficiency. In this study, iron oxide nanoclusters (NCs) with a highly enhanced hyperthermia effect and adjustable size were synthesized through a facile and simple solvothermal method. Among the samples, the NCs with a size of 25 nm showed the highest hyperthermia efficiency. Differently sized NCs exhibit inconsistent interparticle crystalline alignments, which affect their magnetic properties (e.g., coercivity and saturation magnetization). As a result, the optimal NCs exhibited a significantly enhanced heat generation efficiency compared with that of isolated iron oxide nanoparticles (ca. 7 nm), and their hyperthermia effect on skin cancer cells was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miseon Jeong
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 34158 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sanghoon Lee
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 34158 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Song
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 34158 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwi Kang
- Center
for Nanomedicine, Institute for Basic Science
(IBS), 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department
of Chemistry, Yonsei University, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Hyun Shin
- Research
Institute of Radiological Science, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, 03722 Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin-sil Choi
- Department
of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Hanbat National University, 34158 Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Kim J, Park JY, Park YJ, Park SY, Lee MS, Koo C. A portable and high-sensitivity optical sensing system for detecting fluorescently labeled enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli Shiga toxin 2B-subunit. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236043. [PMID: 32673369 PMCID: PMC7365435 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We developed a stand-alone, real-time optical detection device capable of reading fluorescence intensities from cell samples with high sensitivity and precision, for use as a portable fluorescent sensor for sensing fluorescently labeled enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) Shiga toxins (Stxs). In general, the signal intensity from the fluorescently labeled Stxs was weak due to the small number of molecules bound to each cell. To address this technical challenge, we used a highly sensitive light detector (photomultiplier tube: PMT) to measure fluorescence, and designed a portable optical housing to align optical parts precisely; the housing itself was fabricated on a 3D printer. In addition, an electric circuit that amplified PMT output was designed and integrated into the system. The system shows the toxin concentration in the sample on a liquid crystal display (LCD), and a microcontroller circuit is used to read PMT output, process data, and display results. In contrast to other portable fluorescent detectors, the system works alone, without any peripheral computer or additional apparatus; its total size is about 17 × 13 × 9 cm3, and it weighs about 770 g. The detection limit was 0.01 ppm of Alexa Fluor 488 in PBS, which is ten thousand times lower than those of other smartphone-based systems and sufficiently sensitive for use with a portable optical detector. We used the portable real-time optical sensing system to detect Alexa Fluor 488–tagged Stx2B-subunits bound to monocytic THP-1 cells expressing the toxin receptor globotriaosylceramide (Gb3). The device did not detect a signal from Gb3-negative PD36 cells, indicating that it was capable of specifically detecting Stxs bound to cells expressing the toxin receptor. Following the development of a rapid and autonomous method for fluorescently tagging cells in food samples, the optical detection system described here could be used for direct detection of Shiga toxins in food in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongtae Kim
- Department of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Young Park
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Jun Park
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo-Young Park
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Moo-Seung Lee
- Environmental Diseases Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomolecular Science, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (MSL); (CK)
| | - Chiwan Koo
- Department of Electronics and Control Engineering, Hanbat National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail: (MSL); (CK)
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