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Paudyal R, Jiang J, Han J, Diplas BH, Riaz N, Hatzoglou V, Lee N, Deasy JO, Veeraraghavan H, Shukla-Dave A. Auto-segmentation of neck nodal metastases using self-distilled masked image transformer on longitudinal MR images. BJR Artif Intell 2024; 1:ubae004. [PMID: 38476956 PMCID: PMC10928808 DOI: 10.1093/bjrai/ubae004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Objectives Auto-segmentation promises greater speed and lower inter-reader variability than manual segmentations in radiation oncology clinical practice. This study aims to implement and evaluate the accuracy of the auto-segmentation algorithm, "Masked Image modeling using the vision Transformers (SMIT)," for neck nodal metastases on longitudinal T2-weighted (T2w) MR images in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) patients. Methods This prospective clinical trial study included 123 human papillomaviruses (HPV-positive [+]) related OSPCC patients who received concurrent chemoradiotherapy. T2w MR images were acquired on 3 T at pre-treatment (Tx), week 0, and intra-Tx weeks (1-3). Manual delineations of metastatic neck nodes from 123 OPSCC patients were used for the SMIT auto-segmentation, and total tumor volumes were calculated. Standard statistical analyses compared contour volumes from SMIT vs manual segmentation (Wilcoxon signed-rank test [WSRT]), and Spearman's rank correlation coefficients (ρ) were computed. Segmentation accuracy was evaluated on the test data set using the dice similarity coefficient (DSC) metric value. P-values <0.05 were considered significant. Results No significant difference in manual and SMIT delineated tumor volume at pre-Tx (8.68 ± 7.15 vs 8.38 ± 7.01 cm3, P = 0.26 [WSRT]), and the Bland-Altman method established the limits of agreement as -1.71 to 2.31 cm3, with a mean difference of 0.30 cm3. SMIT model and manually delineated tumor volume estimates were highly correlated (ρ = 0.84-0.96, P < 0.001). The mean DSC metric values were 0.86, 0.85, 0.77, and 0.79 at the pre-Tx and intra-Tx weeks (1-3), respectively. Conclusions The SMIT algorithm provides sufficient segmentation accuracy for oncological applications in HPV+ OPSCC. Advances in knowledge First evaluation of auto-segmentation with SMIT using longitudinal T2w MRI in HPV+ OPSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Paudyal
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Jue Jiang
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - James Han
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Bill H Diplas
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Nadeem Riaz
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Vaios Hatzoglou
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Nancy Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Joseph O Deasy
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Harini Veeraraghavan
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
| | - Amita Shukla-Dave
- Department of Medical Physics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, United States
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Iyer HS, Vaselkiv JB, Stopsack KH, Roscoe C, DeVille NV, Zhang Y, Penney KL, Balk SP, Fiorentino M, Hart JE, James P, De Vivo I, Mucci LA, Laden F, Rebbeck TR. Influence of Neighborhood Social and Natural Environment on Prostate Tumor Histology in a Cohort of Male Health Professionals. Am J Epidemiol 2023; 192:1485-1498. [PMID: 37139568 PMCID: PMC10948945 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwad112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Adverse neighborhood social and natural (green space) environments may contribute to the etiology of prostate cancer (CaP), but mechanisms are unclear. We examined associations between neighborhood environment and prostate intratumoral inflammation in 967 men diagnosed with CaP with available tissue samples from 1986-2009 in the Health Professionals Follow-up Study. Exposures were linked to work or residential addresses in 1988. We estimated indices of neighborhood socioeconomic status (nSES) and segregation (Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE)) using US Census tract-level data. Surrounding greenness was estimated using seasonal averaged Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data. Surgical tissue underwent pathological review for acute and chronic inflammation, corpora amylacea, and focal atrophic lesions. Adjusted odds ratios (aORs) for inflammation (ordinal) and focal atrophy (binary) were estimated using logistic regression. No associations were observed for acute or chronic inflammation. Each interquartile-range increase in NDVI within 1,230 m of the participant's work or home address (aOR = 0.74, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.59, 0.93), in ICE-income (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.61, 1.04), and in ICE-race/income (aOR = 0.79, 95% CI: 0.63, 0.99) was associated with lower odds of postatrophic hyperplasia. Interquartile-range increases in nSES (aOR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.57, 1.02) and ICE-race/income (aOR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54, 0.99) were associated with lower odds of tumor corpora amylacea. Histopathological inflammatory features of prostate tumors may be influenced by neighborhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari S Iyer
- Correspondence to Dr. Hari Iyer, Section of Cancer Epidemiology and Health Outcomes, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, 120 Albany Street, New Brunswick, NJ 08901 (e-mail: )
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Chen CH, Chin RL, Hartley GP, Lea ST, Engel BJ, Hsieh CE, Prasad R, Roszik J, Shingu T, Lizee GA, Heimberger AB, Millward SW, Hu J, Hong DS, Curran MA. Novel murine glioblastoma models that reflect the immunotherapy resistance profile of a human disease. Neuro Oncol 2023; 25:1415-1427. [PMID: 36705543 PMCID: PMC10398813 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The lack of murine glioblastoma models that mimic the immunobiology of human disease has impeded basic and translational immunology research. We, therefore, developed murine glioblastoma stem cell lines derived from Nestin-CreERT2QkL/L; Trp53L/L; PtenL/L (QPP) mice driven by clinically relevant genetic mutations common in human glioblastoma. This study aims to determine the immune sensitivities of these QPP lines in immunocompetent hosts and their underlying mechanisms. METHODS The differential responsiveness of QPP lines was assessed in the brain and flank in untreated, anti-PD-1, or anti-CTLA-4 treated mice. The impact of genomic landscape on the responsiveness of each tumor was measured through whole exome sequencing. The immune microenvironments of sensitive (QPP7) versus resistant (QPP8) lines were compared in the brain using flow cytometry. Drivers of flank sensitivity versus brain resistance were also measured for QPP8. RESULTS QPP lines are syngeneic to C57BL/6J mice and demonstrate varied sensitivities to T cell immune checkpoint blockade ranging from curative responses to complete resistance. Infiltrating tumor immune analysis of QPP8 reveals improved T cell fitness and augmented effector-to-suppressor ratios when implanted subcutaneously (sensitive), which are absent on implantation in the brain (resistant). Upregulation of PD-L1 across the myeloid stroma acts to establish this state of immune privilege in the brain. In contrast, QPP7 responds to checkpoint immunotherapy even in the brain likely resulting from its elevated neoantigen burden. CONCLUSIONS These syngeneic QPP models of glioblastoma demonstrate clinically relevant profiles of immunotherapeutic sensitivity and potential utility for both mechanistic discovery and evaluation of immune therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hsien Chen
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Neurology, Houston Methodist Neurological Institute, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Renee L Chin
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Genevieve P Hartley
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Spencer T Lea
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Brian J Engel
- Departement of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Cheng-En Hsieh
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Rishika Prasad
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jason Roszik
- Departement of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Takashi Shingu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Gregory A Lizee
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Departement of Melanoma Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer CenterHouston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Amy B Heimberger
- Department of Neurosurgery, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Steven W Millward
- Departement of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jian Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - David S Hong
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Michael A Curran
- UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Immunology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Nardo M, Yilmaz B, Nelson BE, Torres HA, Wang LS, Granwehr BP, Song J, Dalla Pria HRF, Trinh VA, Glitza Oliva IC, Patel SP, Tannir NM, Kaseb AO, Altan M, Lee SS, Miller E, Zhang H, Stephen BA, Naing A. Safety and Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Cancer and Viral Hepatitis: The MD Anderson Cancer Center Experience. Oncologist 2023; 28:714-721. [PMID: 36952233 PMCID: PMC10400154 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the clinical benefit of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), patients with a viral hepatitis have been excluded from clinical trials because of safety concerns. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence rate of adverse events (AEs) in patients with viral hepatitis who received ICIs for cancer treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a retrospective study in patients with cancer and concurrent hepatitis B or C, who had undergone treatment with ICI at MD Anderson Cancer Center from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2019. RESULTS Of the 1076 patients screened, we identified 33 with concurrent hepatitis. All 10 patients with HBV underwent concomitant antiviral therapy during ICI treatment. Sixteen of the 23 patients with HCV received it before the initiation of ICI. The median follow-up time was 33 months (95% CI, 23-45) and the median duration of ICI therapy was 3 months (IQR, 1.9-6.6). Of the 33 patients, 12 (39%) experienced irAEs (immune-related adverse events) of any grade, with 2 (6%) having grade 3 or higher. None of the patients developed hepatitis toxicities. CONCLUSION ICIs may be a therapeutic option with an acceptable safety profile in patients with cancer and advanced liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirella Nardo
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bulent Yilmaz
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Blessie Elizabeth Nelson
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Harrys A Torres
- Department of Infectious Diseases Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lan Sun Wang
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bruno Palma Granwehr
- Department of Infectious Diseases Infection Control and Employee Health, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Juhee Song
- Department of Biostatistics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hanna R F Dalla Pria
- Department of Radiology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Van A Trinh
- Department of Melanoma Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Isabella C Glitza Oliva
- Department of Melanoma Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sapna P Patel
- Department of Melanoma Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nizar M Tannir
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ahmed Omar Kaseb
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mehmet Altan
- Department of Genitourinary Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
- Department of Thoracic/Head and Neck Medical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston TX, USA
| | - Sunyoung S Lee
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Ethan Miller
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Bettzy A Stephen
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Aung Naing
- Department of Investigational Cancer Therapeutics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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Dougherty LL, Dutta S, Avasthi P. The ERK activator, BCI, inhibits ciliogenesis and causes defects in motor behavior, ciliary gating, and cytoskeletal rearrangement. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202301899. [PMID: 36914265 PMCID: PMC10011610 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202301899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
MAPK pathways are well-known regulators of the cell cycle, but they have also been found to control ciliary length in a wide variety of organisms and cell types from Caenorhabditis elegans neurons to mammalian photoreceptors through unknown mechanisms. ERK1/2 is a MAP kinase in human cells that is predominantly phosphorylated by MEK1/2 and dephosphorylated by the phosphatase DUSP6. We have found that the ERK1/2 activator/DUSP6 inhibitor, (E)-2-benzylidene-3-(cyclohexylamino)-2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-1-one (BCI), inhibits ciliary maintenance in Chlamydomonas and hTERT-RPE1 cells and assembly in Chlamydomonas These effects involve inhibition of total protein synthesis, microtubule organization, membrane trafficking, and KAP-GFP motor dynamics. Our data provide evidence for various avenues for BCI-induced ciliary shortening and impaired ciliogenesis that gives mechanistic insight into how MAP kinases can regulate ciliary length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa L Dougherty
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Soumita Dutta
- Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Prachee Avasthi
- Biochemistry and Cell Biology Department, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH, USA
- Anatomy and Cell Biology Department, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Hao Z, Chen Q, Huang B. In Reply: Overall Survival of Resectable Metastatic Colon Cancer Treated With Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy or Adjuvant Chemotherapy in Non-academic Program. Oncologist 2023:7175047. [PMID: 37210565 DOI: 10.1093/oncolo/oyad133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/22/2023] Open
Abstract
This letter to the editor responds to the letter from Su et al, regarding concerns related to immortal time bias that may partially account for recently published study results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonglin Hao
- Division of Medical Oncology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Quan Chen
- Division of Medical Oncology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
| | - Bin Huang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, Markey Cancer Center, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
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Lehmann DM, Cohen N, Lin IH, Alexander S, Kathuria R, Kerpelev M, Taur Y, Seo SK. Analyzing Adherence to the 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America Guidelines for Candidemia in Cancer Patients. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022; 9:ofac555. [PMID: 36540383 PMCID: PMC9757685 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Candidemia is associated with morbidity and mortality in cancer patients. We analyzed adherence to the 2016 Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) candidiasis guidelines and the reasons for guideline nonadherence. We also investigated whether matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) improved time to effective antifungal therapy compared with historical data (median, 43.2 hours). Methods Cancer patients with candidemia between 1/1/17 and 12/31/19 were included. Adherence to 7 individual IDSA guideline components was assessed. Composite IDSA guideline adherence (defined as meeting ≥6 guideline components) was also assessed. Charts were reviewed to examine reasons for noncompliance. Results Of 157 patients with candidemia, 150 (95.5%) had infectious disease (ID) consultation. The median total time from blood culture collection to antifungal initiation was 42.1 hours. Excluding 39 patients with short treatment due to death, there was 100% adherence with surveillance blood cultures, followed by antifungal susceptibility testing (117/118, 99.2%), initial appropriate therapy (117/118, 99.2%), antifungal duration (110/118, 93.2%), line removal (82/91, 90.1%), eye exams (93/118, 78.8%), and step-down therapy (69/94, 73.4%). A quarter (30/118) did not meet composite IDSA guideline adherence. Univariate logistic regression suggested a relationship between poor cancer prognosis and incomplete adherence to the 2016 IDSA candidiasis guidelines (odds ratio, 8.6; 95% CI, 1.6-47). Conclusions The addition of MALDI-TOF did not shorten time to effective antifungal therapy. Nearly all patients were seen by ID for candidemia. Poor cancer prognosis was a common factor for incomplete composite adherence to the 2016 IDSA candidiasis guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - I-Hsin Lin
- Biostatistics Service, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Marina Kerpelev
- Information Systems, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ying Taur
- Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Joan and Sanford Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York, USA
| | - Susan K Seo
- Correspondence: S. K. Seo, MD, Infectious Disease Service, Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10065 ()
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Anderson FL, von Herrmann KM, Young AL, Havrda MC. Bbc3 Loss Enhances Survival and Protein Clearance in Neurons Exposed to the Organophosphate Pesticide Chlorpyrifos. Toxicol Sci 2021; 183:378-392. [PMID: 34289071 PMCID: PMC8634496 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfab090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Exposure to environmental toxicants can increase the risk of developing age-related neurodegenerative disorders. Exposure to the widely used organophosphate pesticide chlorpyrifos (CPF) is associated with increased risk of developing Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, but the cellular mechanisms underlying CPF toxicity in neurons are not completely understood. We evaluated CPF toxicity in mouse primary cortical neuronal cultures, using RNA-sequencing to identify cellular pathways modulated by CPF. CPF exposure altered the expression of genes associated with intrinsic apoptosis, significantly elevating expression of the pro-apoptotic mediator Bbc3/Puma. Bbc3 loss attenuated CPF driven neurotoxicity, induction of other intrinsic apoptosis regulatory genes including Trp53 and Pmaip1 (encoding the NOXA protein), and cleavage of apoptosis executors caspase 3 and poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). CPF exposure was associated with enhanced expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress-related genes and proteins and the accumulation of high molecular weight protein species in primary neuronal cultures. No evidence of alterations in the ubiquitin-proteosome system were observed, however, autophagy-related proteins were upregulated in CPF-treated Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures compared with identically exposed WT cultures. Elevated autophagy-related protein expression in Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures was associated with a reduction in CPF-induced high molecular weight alpha-synuclein and tau immunoreactive protein aggregates. Studies indicate that Bbc3-/- neuronal cultures enhance the endoplasmic reticulum stress response and upregulate protein clearance mechanisms as a component of resistance to CPF-mediated toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faith L Anderson
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Katharine M von Herrmann
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Alison L Young
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
| | - Matthew C Havrda
- Department of Molecular and Systems Biology, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire 03766, USA
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Naymagon L, Tremblay D, Zubizarreta N, Moshier E, Naymagon S, Mascarenhas J, Schiano T. The Natural History, Treatments, and Outcomes of Portal Vein Thrombosis in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2021; 27:215-223. [PMID: 32185400 PMCID: PMC8427727 DOI: 10.1093/ibd/izaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Portal vein thrombosis (PVT) is a poorly described complication of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). We sought to better characterize presentations, compare treatments, and assess outcomes in IBD-related PVT. METHODS We conducted a retrospective investigation of IBD-related PVT at our institution. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate adjusted hazard ratios across treatments. RESULTS Sixty-three patients with IBD-related PVT (26 with Crohn disease, 37 with ulcerative colitis) were followed for a median 21 months (interquartile ratio [IQR] = 9-52). Major risk factors included intra-abdominal surgery (60%), IBD flare (33%), and intra-abdominal infection (13%). Primary hematologic thrombophilias were rare and did not impact management. Presentations were generally nonspecific, and diagnosis was incidental. Ninety-two percent of patients (58/63) received anticoagulation (AC), including 23 who received direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs), 22 who received warfarin, and 13 who received enoxaparin. All anticoagulated patients started AC within 3 days of diagnosis. Complete radiographic resolution (CRR) of PVT occurred in 71% of patients. We found that DOACs were associated with higher CRR rates (22/23; 96%) relative to warfarin (12/22; 55%): the hazard ratio of DOACs to warfarin was 4.04 (1.83-8.93; P = 0.0006)). Patients receiving DOACs required shorter courses of AC (median 3.9 months; IQR = 2.7-6.1) than those receiving warfarin (median 8.5 months; IQR = 3.9-NA; P = 0.0190). Incidence of gut ischemia (n = 3), symptomatic portal hypertension (n = 3), major bleeding (n = 4), and death (n = 2) were rare, and no patients receiving DOACs experienced these adverse outcomes. CONCLUSIONS We show that early and aggressive use of AC can lead to excellent outcomes in IBD-associated PVT and that DOACs are associated with particularly favorable outcomes in this setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonard Naymagon
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Douglas Tremblay
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicole Zubizarreta
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy/Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Erin Moshier
- Department of Population Health Science and Policy/Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Steven Naymagon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - John Mascarenhas
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Thomas Schiano
- Division of Liver Diseases, Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
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Ferguson D, Hutson I, Tycksen E, Pietka TA, Bauerle K, Harris CA. Role of Mineralocorticoid Receptor in Adipogenesis and Obesity in Male Mice. Endocrinology 2020; 161:bqz010. [PMID: 32036385 PMCID: PMC7007880 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqz010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Increased visceral adiposity and hyperglycemia, 2 characteristics of metabolic syndrome, are also present in conditions of excess glucocorticoids (GCs). GCs are hormones thought to act primarily via the glucocorticoid receptor (GR). GCs are commonly prescribed for inflammatory disorders, yet their use is limited due to many adverse metabolic side effects. In addition to GR, GCs also bind the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), but there are many conflicting studies about the exact role of MR in metabolic disease. Using MR knockout mice (MRKO), we find that both white and brown adipose depots form normally when compared with wild-type mice at P5. We created mice with adipocyte-specific deletion of MR (FMRKO) to better understand the role of MR in metabolic dysfunction. Treatment of mice with excess GCs for 4 weeks, via corticosterone in drinking water, induced increased fat mass and glucose intolerance to similar levels in FMRKO and floxed control mice. Separately, when fed a high-fat diet for 16 weeks, FMRKO mice had reduced body weight, fat mass, and hepatic steatosis, relative to floxed control mice. Decreased adiposity likely resulted from increased energy expenditure since food intake was not different. RNA sequencing analysis revealed decreased enrichment of genes associated with adipogenesis in inguinal white adipose of FMRKO mice. Differentiation of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) showed modestly impaired adipogenesis in MRKO MEFs compared with wild type, but this was rescued upon the addition of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist or PPARγ overexpression. Collectively, these studies provide further evidence supporting the potential value of MR as a therapeutic target for conditions associated with metabolic syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Ferguson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Irina Hutson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Eric Tycksen
- Genome Technology Access Center, McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Terri A Pietka
- Nutrition and Geriatrics Division, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kevin Bauerle
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Charles A Harris
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Lipid Research, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
- Department of Medicine, Veterans Affairs St Louis Healthcare System, John Cochran Division, St. Louis, Missouri
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