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Törnqvist AE, Grahnemo L, Nilsson KH, Funck-Brentano T, Ohlsson C, Movérare-Skrtic S. Wnt16 Overexpression in Osteoblasts Increases the Subchondral Bone Mass but has no Impact on Osteoarthritis in Young Adult Female Mice. Calcif Tissue Int 2020; 107:31-40. [PMID: 32140758 PMCID: PMC7270053 DOI: 10.1007/s00223-020-00682-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies have shown that high bone mineral density (BMD) is associated with an increased risk of osteoarthritis (OA), but the causality of this relationship remains unclear. Both bone mass and OA have been associated with the WNT signaling pathway in genetic studies, there is thus an interest in studying molecular partners of the WNT signaling pathway and OA. Female mice overexpressing WNT16 in osteoblasts (Obl-Wnt16 mice) have an increased bone mass. We aimed to evaluate if the high bone mass in Obl-Wnt16 mice leads to a more severe experimental OA development than in WT control mice. We induced experimental OA in female Obl-Wnt16 and WT control mice by destabilizing the medial meniscus (DMM). The Obl-Wnt16 mice displayed thicker medial and lateral subchondral bone plates as well as increased subchondral trabecular bone volume/tissue volume (BV/TV) but un-altered thickness of articular cartilage compared to WT mice. After DMM surgery, there was no difference in OA severity in the articular cartilage in the knee joint between the Obl-Wnt16 and WT mice. Both the Obl-Wnt16 and WT mice developed osteophytes in the DMM-operated tibia to a similar extent. We conclude that although the Obl-Wnt16 female mice have a high subchondral bone mass due to increased WNT signaling, they do not exhibit a more severe OA phenotype than their WT controls. This demonstrates that high bone mass does not result in an increased risk of OA per se.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Törnqvist
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Klin Farm Lab, Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Vita Stråket 11, 41345, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Louise Grahnemo
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin H Nilsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Thomas Funck-Brentano
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
- BIOSCAR, Inserm, Université de Paris, 75010, Paris, France
- Department of Rheumatology, AP-HP, Hopital Lariboisière, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Claes Ohlsson
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sofia Movérare-Skrtic
- Department of Internal Medicine and Clinical Nutrition, Centre for Bone and Arthritis Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 413 45, Gothenburg, Sweden
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Anholm C, Kumarathurai P, Jürs A, Pedersen LR, Nielsen OW, Kristiansen OP, Fenger M, Holst JJ, Madsbad S, Sajadieh A, Haugaard SB. Liraglutide improves the beta-cell function without increasing insulin secretion during a mixed meal in patients, who exhibit well-controlled type 2 diabetes and coronary artery disease. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2019; 11:42. [PMID: 31164926 PMCID: PMC6543623 DOI: 10.1186/s13098-019-0438-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hyperinsulinemia aggravates insulin resistance and cardio-vascular disease. How the insulinotropic glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist liraglutide in a physiologic post-prandial setting may act on pancreatic alpha and beta-cell function in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is less clear. METHODS Insulin resistant patients with established CAD and newly diagnosed well-controlled T2DM were recruited to a placebo-controlled, cross-over trial with two treatment periods of 12 weeks and a 2 weeks wash-out period before and in-between. Treatment was liraglutide or placebo titrated from 0.6 mg q.d. to 1.8 mg q.d. within 4 weeks and metformin titrated from 500 mg b.i.d to 1000 mg b.i.d. within 4 weeks. Before and after intervention in both 12 weeks periods insulin, C-peptide, glucose, and glucagon were measured during a meal test. Beta-cell function derived from the oral glucose tolerance setting was calculated as changes in insulin secretion per unit changes in glucose concentration (Btotal) and whole-body insulin resistance using ISIcomposite. RESULTS Liraglutide increased the disposition index [Btotal × ISIcomposite, by 40% (n = 24, p < 0.001)] compared to placebo. Post-prandial insulin and glucose was reduced by metformin in combination with liraglutide and differed, but not significantly different from placebo, moreover, glucagon concentration was unaffected. Additionally, insulin clearance tended to increase during liraglutide therapy (n = 26, p = 0.06). CONCLUSIONS The insulinotropic drug liraglutide may without increasing the insulin concentration reduce postprandial glucose but not glucagon excursions and improve beta-cell function in newly diagnosed and well-controlled T2DM.Trial registration Clinicaltrials.gov ID: NCT01595789.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Anholm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Preman Kumarathurai
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Jürs
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lene Rørholm Pedersen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Olav Wendelboe Nielsen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole Peter Kristiansen
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mogens Fenger
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jens Juul Holst
- NovoNordisk Foundation Center for Metabolic Research and Department of Biomedical Sciences, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sten Madsbad
- Department of Endocrinology, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ahmad Sajadieh
- Department of Cardiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Bendix Haugaard
- Department of Internal Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital Glostrup, Nordre Ringvej 57, 2600 Glostrup, Denmark
- Department of Endocrinology I, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Korshoej AR, Hansen FL, Mikic N, von Oettingen G, Sørensen JCH, Thielscher A. Importance of electrode position for the distribution of tumor treating fields (TTFields) in a human brain. Identification of effective layouts through systematic analysis of array positions for multiple tumor locations. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201957. [PMID: 30133493 PMCID: PMC6104980 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor treating fields (TTFields) is a new modality used for the treatment of glioblastoma. It is based on antineoplastic low-intensity electric fields induced by two pairs of electrode arrays placed on the patient’s scalp. The layout of the arrays greatly impacts the intensity (dose) of TTFields in the pathology. The present study systematically characterizes the impact of array position on the TTFields distribution calculated in a realistic human head model using finite element methods. We investigate systematic rotations of arrays around a central craniocaudal axis of the head and identify optimal layouts for a large range of (nineteen) different frontoparietal tumor positions. In addition, we present comprehensive graphical representations and animations to support the users’ understanding of TTFields. For most tumors, we identified two optimal array positions. These positions varied with the translation of the tumor in the anterior-posterior direction but not in the left-right direction. The two optimal directions were oriented approximately orthogonally and when combining two pairs of orthogonal arrays, equivalent to clinical TTFields therapy, we correspondingly found a single optimum position. In most cases, an oblique layout with the fields oriented at forty-five degrees to the sagittal plane was superior to the commonly used anterior-posterior and left-right combinations of arrays. The oblique configuration may be used as an effective and viable configuration for most frontoparietal tumors. Our results may be applied to assist clinical decision-making in various challenging situations associated with TTFields. This includes situations in which circumstances, such as therapy-induced skin rash, scar tissue or shunt therapy, etc., require layouts alternative to the prescribed. More accurate distributions should, however, be based on patient-specific models. Future work is needed to assess the robustness of the presented results towards variations in conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Rosendal Korshoej
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Nørrebrogade, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard, Aarhus N, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Frederik Lundgaard Hansen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Nørrebrogade, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Nikola Mikic
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Nørrebrogade, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Gorm von Oettingen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Nørrebrogade, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Hedemann Sørensen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Nørrebrogade, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaards Allé, DK, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, DK, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Bernardes G, IJzerman RG, Ten Kulve JS, Barkhof F, Diamant M, Veltman DJ, Landeira-Fernandez J, van Bloemendaal L, van Duinkerken E. Cortical and subcortical gray matter structural alterations in normoglycemic obese and type 2 diabetes patients: relationship with adiposity, glucose, and insulin. Metab Brain Dis 2018; 33:1211-1222. [PMID: 29654499 PMCID: PMC6060745 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-018-0223-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is associated with structural cortical and subcortical alterations, although it is insufficiently clear if these alterations are driven by obesity or by diabetes and its associated complications. We used FreeSurfer5.3 and FSL-FIRST to determine cortical thickness, volume and surface area, and subcortical gray matter volume in a group of 16 normoglycemic obese subjects and 28 obese T2DM patients without clinically manifest micro- and marcoangiopathy, and compared them to 31 lean normoglycemic controls. Forward regression analysis was used to determine demographic and clinical correlates of altered (sub)cortical structure. Exploratively, vertex-wise correlations between cortical structure and fasting glucose and insulin were calculated. Compared with controls, obese T2DM patients showed lower right insula thickness and lower left lateral occipital surface area (PFWE < 0.05). Normoglycemic obese versus controls had lower thickness (PFWE < 0.05) in the right insula and inferior frontal gyrus, and higher amygdala and thalamus volume. Thalamus volume and left paracentral surface area were also higher in this group compared with obese T2DM patients. Age, sex, BMI, fasting glucose, and cholesterol were related to these (sub)cortical alterations in the whole group (all P < 0.05). Insulin were related to temporal and frontal structural deficits (all PFWE < 0.05). Parietal/occipital structural deficits may constitute early T2DM-related cerebral alterations, whereas in normoglycemic obese subjects, regions involved in emotion, appetite, satiety regulation, and inhibition were affected. Central adiposity and elevated fasting glucose may constitute risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Bernardes
- Department of Psychology, Pontifíca Universidade Católica - Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vincente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Richard G IJzerman
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jennifer S Ten Kulve
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Institutes of Neurology and Healthcare Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Michaela Diamant
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dick J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jesus Landeira-Fernandez
- Department of Psychology, Pontifíca Universidade Católica - Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vincente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Liselotte van Bloemendaal
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eelco van Duinkerken
- Department of Psychology, Pontifíca Universidade Católica - Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vincente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil.
- Amsterdam Diabetes Center/Department of Internal Medicine, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Center for Epilepsy, Instituto Estadual do Cérebro Paulo Niemeyer, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
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Andersen M, Boesen M, Ellegaard K, Söderström K, Søe NH, Spee P, Mørch UGW, Torp-Pedersen S, Bartels EM, Danneskiold-Samsøe B, Karlsson L, Bliddal H. Association between IL-6 production in synovial explants from rheumatoid arthritis patients and clinical and imaging response to biologic treatment: A pilot study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197001. [PMID: 29787569 PMCID: PMC5963776 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction The need for biomarkers which can predict disease course and treatment response in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is evident. We explored whether clinical and imaging responses to biologic disease modifying anti-rheumatic drug treatment (bDMARD) were associated with the individual’s mediator production in explants obtained at baseline. Methods RA Patients were evaluated by disease activity score 28 joint C-reactive protein (DAS 28-)), colour Doppler ultrasound (CDUS) and 3 Tesla RA magnetic resonance imaging scores (RAMRIS). Explants were established from synovectomies from a needle arthroscopic procedure prior to initiation of bDMARD. Explants were incubated with the bDMARD in question, and the productions of interleukin-6 (IL-6), monocyte chemo-attractive protein-1 (MCP-1) and macrophage inflammatory protein-1-beta (MIP-1b) were measured by multiplex immunoassays. The changes in clinical and imaging variables following a minimum of 3 months bDMARD treatment were compared to the baseline explant results. Mixed models and Spearman’s rank correlations were performed. P-values below 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results 16 patients were included. IL-6 production in bDMARD-treated explants was significantly higher among clinical non-responders compared to responders (P = 0.04), and a lack of suppression of IL-6 by the bDMARDS correlated to a high DAS-28 (ρ = 0.57, P = 0.03), CDUS (ρ = 0.53, P = 0.04) and bone marrow oedema (ρ = 0.56, P = 0.03) at follow-up. No clinical association was found with explant MCP-1 production. MIP-1b could not be assessed due to a large number of samples below the detection limit. Conclusions Synovial explants appear to deliver a disease-relevant output testing which when carried out in advance of bDMARD treatment can potentially pave the road for a more patient tailored treatment approach with better treatment effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Andersen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MA); (HB)
| | - Mikael Boesen
- Department of Radiology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Ellegaard
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kalle Söderström
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
| | - Niels H. Søe
- Department of Orthopaedics, Section of Hand Surgery, Gentofte University Hospital, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Pieter Spee
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
| | | | - Søren Torp-Pedersen
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Else M. Bartels
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bente Danneskiold-Samsøe
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars Karlsson
- Translational Immunology, Biopharmaceutical Research Unit, Måløv, Novo Nordisk, Denmark
| | - Henning Bliddal
- The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MA); (HB)
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Ikushima I, Jensen L, Flint A, Nishida T, Zacho J, Irie S. A Randomized Trial Investigating the Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Safety of Subcutaneous Semaglutide Once-Weekly in Healthy Male Japanese and Caucasian Subjects. Adv Ther 2018; 35:531-544. [PMID: 29536338 PMCID: PMC5910468 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-018-0677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Semaglutide is a glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue for once-weekly subcutaneous treatment of type 2 diabetes. This trial compared the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and safety of semaglutide in Japanese and Caucasian subjects. METHODS In this single-center, double-blind, parallel-group, 13-week trial, 44 healthy male subjects (22 Japanese, 22 Caucasian) were randomized within each race to semaglutide 0.5 mg (n = 8), 1.0 mg (n = 8), placebo 0.5 mg (n = 3) or 1.0 mg (n = 3). The primary endpoint was semaglutide exposure at steady state [area under the curve (AUC0-168h)]. RESULTS Steady-state exposure of semaglutide was similar for both populations: AUC0-168h estimated race ratio (ERR), Japanese/Caucasian: 0.5 mg, 1.06; 1.0 mg, 0.99; maximum concentration (Cmax) ERR: 0.5 mg, 1.06; 1.0 mg, 1.02. Exposure after the first dose (0.25 mg) was slightly higher in Japanese versus Caucasian subjects (AUC0-168h ERR 1.11; Cmax ERR 1.14). Dose-dependent increases in AUC0-168h and Cmax occurred in both populations. Accumulation was as expected, based on the half-life (t1/2, ~ 1 week) and dosing interval of semaglutide. Significant body weight reductions were observed with semaglutide 0.5 mg and 1.0 mg in Japanese (both p ≤ 0.05) and Caucasian (both p ≤ 0.05) subjects versus placebo. No new safety issues were identified. CONCLUSIONS The pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety profiles of semaglutide were similar in Japanese and Caucasian subjects, suggesting that no dose adjustment is required for the clinical use of semaglutide in Japanese subjects. FUNDING Novo Nordisk A/S, Denmark. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT02146079. Japanese trial registration number JapicCTI-142550.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Shin Irie
- SOUSEIKAI Global Clinical Research Center, Fukuoka, Japan
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Laursen SB, Finsen S, Marcussen N, Quaggin SE, Hansen PBL, Dimke H. Endothelial mineralocorticoid receptor ablation does not alter blood pressure, kidney function or renal vessel contractility. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0193032. [PMID: 29466427 PMCID: PMC5821352 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0193032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aldosterone blockade confers substantial cardiovascular and renal protection. The effects of aldosterone on mineralocorticoid receptors (MR) expressed in endothelial cells (EC) within the renal vasculature have not been delineated. We hypothesized that lack of MR in EC may be protective in renal vasculature and examined this by ablating the Nr3c2 gene in endothelial cells (EC-MR) in mice. Blood pressure, heart rate and PAH clearance were measured using indwelling catheters in conscious mice. The role of the MR in EC on contraction and relaxation was investigated in the renal artery and in perfused afferent arterioles. Urinary sodium excretion was determined by use of metabolic cages. EC-MR transgenics had markedly decreased MR expression in isolated aortic endothelial cells as compared to littermates (WT). Blood pressure and effective renal plasma flow at baseline and following AngII infusion was similar between groups. No differences in contraction and relaxation were observed between WT and EC-MR KO in isolated renal arteries during baseline or following 2 or 4 weeks of AngII infusion. The constriction or dilatations of afferent arterioles between genotypes were not different. No changes were found between the groups with respect to urinary excretion of sodium after 4 weeks of AngII infusion, or in urinary albumin excretion and kidney morphology. In conclusion, deletion of the EC-MR does not confer protection towards the development of hypertension, endothelial dysfunction of renal arteries or renal function following prolonged AngII-infusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidsel B. Laursen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Stine Finsen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Niels Marcussen
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - Susan E. Quaggin
- Feinberg Cardiovascular Research Institute and Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States of America
| | - Pernille B. L. Hansen
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, IMED Biotech Unit, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Henrik Dimke
- Department of Cardiovascular and Renal Research, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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Peciulyte A, Samuelsson L, Olsson L, McFarland KC, Frickmann J, Østergård L, Halvorsen R, Scott BR, Johansen KS. Redox processes acidify and decarboxylate steam-pretreated lignocellulosic biomass and are modulated by LPMO and catalase. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:165. [PMID: 29946356 PMCID: PMC6004669 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1159-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The bioconversion of lignocellulosic feedstocks to ethanol is being commercialised, but further process development is required to improve their economic feasibility. Efficient saccharification of lignocellulose to fermentable sugars requires oxidative cleavage of glycosidic linkages by lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs). However, a proper understanding of the catalytic mechanism of this enzyme class and the interaction with other redox processes associated with the saccharification of lignocellulose is still lacking. The in-use stability of LPMO-containing enzyme cocktails is increased by the addition of catalase implying that hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) is generated in the slurry during incubation. Therefore, we sought to characterize the effects of enzymatic and abiotic sources of H2O2 on lignocellulose hydrolysis to identify parameters that could improve this process. Moreover, we studied the abiotic redox reactions of steam-pretreated wheat straw as a function of temperature and dry-matter (DM) content. RESULTS Abiotic reactions in pretreated wheat straw consume oxygen, release carbon dioxide (CO2) to the slurry, and decrease the pH. The magnitude of these reactions increased with temperature and with DM content. The presence of LPMO during saccharification reduced the amount of CO2 liberated, while the effect on pH was insignificant. Catalase led to increased decarboxylation through an unknown mechanism. Both in situ-generated and added H2O2 caused a decrease in pH. CONCLUSIONS Abiotic redox processes similar to those that occur in natural water-logged environments also affect the saccharification of pretreated lignocellulose. Heating of the lignocellulosic material and adjustment of pH trigger rapid oxygen consumption and acidification of the slurry. In industrial settings, it will be of utmost importance to control these processes. LPMOs interact with the surrounding redox compounds and redirect abiotic electron flow from decarboxylating reactions to fuel the oxidative cleavage of glycosidic bonds in cellulose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ausra Peciulyte
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Louise Samuelsson
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Lisbeth Olsson
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Jesper Frickmann
- Novozymes North America, 77 Perry’s Chapel Church Road, Franklinton, NC 27525 USA
| | | | | | | | - Katja S. Johansen
- Division of Industrial Biotechnology, Department of Biology and Biological Engineering, Chalmers University of Technology, Kemivägen 10, 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
- Novozymes A/S, Krogshøjvej 36, 2880 Bagsværd, Denmark
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, Copenhagen University, Rolighedsvej 23, 1958 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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Hansen L, de Raedt S, Jørgensen PB, Mygind-Klavsen B, Kaptein B, Stilling M. Dynamic radiostereometric analysis for evaluation of hip joint pathomechanics. J Exp Orthop 2017; 4:20. [PMID: 28585023 PMCID: PMC5459782 DOI: 10.1186/s40634-017-0096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dynamic RSA (dRSA) enables non-invasive 3D motion-tracking of bones and may be used to evaluate in-vivo hip joint kinematics including hip pathomechanics such as femoroacetabular impingement (FAI) and the biomechanical effects of arthroscopic cheilectomy and -rim trimming (ACH). The study aim was to evaluate the kinematic changes in the hip joint after ACH. METHODS Seven non-FAI affected human cadaveric hips were CT-scanned and CT-bone models were created. dRSA recordings of the hip joints were acquired at five frames/s during passive flexion, adduction to stop, and internal rotation to stop (FADIR). ACH was performed and dRSA was repeated. dRSA images were analyzed using model-based RSA. Hip joint kinematics before and after ACH were compared pairwise. The volume of removed bone was quantified and compared to the postoperative range of motion (ROM). RESULTS Mean hip internal rotation increased from 19.1 to 21.9° (p = 0.04, Δ2.8°, SD 2.7) after ACH surgery. Mean adduction of 3.9° before and 2.7° after ACH surgery was unchanged (p = 0.48, Δ-1.2°; SD 4.3). Mean flexion angles during dRSA tests were 82.4° before and 80.8° after ACH surgery, which were similar (p = 0.18, Δ-1.6°, SD = 2.7). No correlation between volume of removed bone and ROM was observed. CONCLUSIONS A small increase in internal rotation, but not in adduction, was observed after arthroscopic cheilectomy and -rim trimming in cadaver hips. The hip flexion angle of the FADIR test was reproducible. dRSA kinematic analysis is a new and clinically applicable method with good potential to evaluate hip joint kinematics and to test FAI pathomechanics and other surgical corrections of the hip.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hansen
- Orthopedic Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, building 10A, Office 13, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Peter Bo Jørgensen
- Orthopedic Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, building 10A, Office 13, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Bart Kaptein
- Department of Orthopaedics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maiken Stilling
- Orthopedic Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Tage-Hansens Gade 2, building 10A, Office 13, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Christiansen MK, Larsen SB, Nyegaard M, Neergaard-Petersen S, Ajjan R, Würtz M, Grove EL, Hvas AM, Jensen HK, Kristensen SD. Coronary artery disease-associated genetic variants and biomarkers of inflammation. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0180365. [PMID: 28686695 PMCID: PMC5501546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0180365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic constitution and inflammation both contribute to development of coronary artery disease (CAD). Several CAD-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have recently been identified, but their functions are largely unknown. We investigated the associations between CAD-associated SNPs and five CAD-related inflammatory biomarkers. METHODS We genotyped 45 CAD-associated SNPs in 701 stable CAD patients in whom levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsRCP), interleukin-6, calprotectin, fibrinogen and complement component 3 levels had previously been measured. A genetic risk score was calculated to assess the combined risk associated with all the genetic variants. A multiple linear regression model was used to assess associations between the genetic risk score, single SNPs, and the five inflammatory biomarkers. RESULTS The minor allele (G) (CAD risk allele) of rs2075650 (TOMM40/APOE) was associated with lower levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (effect per risk allele: -0.37 mg/l [95%CI -0.56 to -0.18 mg/l]). The inflammatory markers tested showed no association with the remaining 44 SNPs or with the genetic risk score. CONCLUSIONS In stable CAD patients, the risk allele of a common CAD-associated marker at the TOMM40/APOE locus was associated with lower hsCRP levels. No other genetic variants or the combined effect of all variants were associated with the five inflammatory biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Krogh Christiansen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Sanne Bøjet Larsen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Nyegaard
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Ramzi Ajjan
- Leeds Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Medicine (LICAMM), University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Morten Würtz
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Erik Lerkevang Grove
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Anne-Mette Hvas
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Kjærulf Jensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Steen Dalby Kristensen
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Faculty of Health, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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Korshoej AR, Hansen FL, Thielscher A, von Oettingen GB, Sørensen JCH. Impact of tumor position, conductivity distribution and tissue homogeneity on the distribution of tumor treating fields in a human brain: A computer modeling study. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179214. [PMID: 28604803 PMCID: PMC5467909 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tumor treating fields (TTFields) are increasingly used in the treatment of glioblastoma. TTFields inhibit cancer growth through induction of alternating electrical fields. To optimize TTFields efficacy, it is necessary to understand the factors determining the strength and distribution of TTFields. In this study, we provide simple guiding principles for clinicians to assess the distribution and the local efficacy of TTFields in various clinical scenarios. METHODS We calculated the TTFields distribution using finite element methods applied to a realistic head model. Dielectric property estimates were taken from the literature. Twentyfour tumors were virtually introduced at locations systematically varied relative to the applied field. In addition, we investigated the impact of central tumor necrosis on the induced field. RESULTS Local field "hot spots" occurred at the sulcal fundi and in deep tumors embedded in white matter. The field strength was not higher for tumors close to the active electrode. Left/right field directions were generally superior to anterior/posterior directions. Central necrosis focally enhanced the field near tumor boundaries perpendicular to the applied field and introduced significant field non-uniformity within the tumor. CONCLUSIONS The TTFields distribution is largely determined by local conductivity differences. The well conducting tumor tissue creates a preferred pathway for current flow, which increases the field intensity in the tumor boundaries and surrounding regions perpendicular to the applied field. The cerebrospinal fluid plays a significant role in shaping the current pathways and funnels currents through the ventricles and sulci towards deeper regions, which thereby experience higher fields. Clinicians may apply these principles to better understand how TTFields will affect individual patients and possibly predict where local recurrence may occur. Accurate predictions should, however, be based on patient specific models. Future work is needed to assess the robustness of the presented results towards variations in conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Rosendal Korshoej
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Nørrebrogade 44, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 100, Aarhus N, Denmark
- * E-mail:
| | - Frederik Lundgaard Hansen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Nørrebrogade 44, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 100, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Axel Thielscher
- Danish Research Center for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Kettegaards Allé 30, DK, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Biomedical Engineering, DTU Electro, Technical University of Denmark, Ørsteds Plads, Building 349, DK, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute of Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Gorm Burckhardt von Oettingen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Nørrebrogade 44, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 100, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Jens Christian Hedemann Sørensen
- Aarhus University Hospital, Department of Neurosurgery, Nørrebrogade 44, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Aarhus University, Department of Clinical Medicine, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 100, Aarhus N, Denmark
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Plass M, Rasmussen SH, Krogh A. Highly accessible AU-rich regions in 3' untranslated regions are hotspots for binding of regulatory factors. PLoS Comput Biol 2017; 13:e1005460. [PMID: 28410363 PMCID: PMC5409497 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1005460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 04/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Post-transcriptional regulation is regarded as one of the major processes involved in the regulation of gene expression. It is mainly performed by RNA binding proteins and microRNAs, which target RNAs and typically affect their stability. Recent efforts from the scientific community have aimed at understanding post-transcriptional regulation at a global scale by using high-throughput sequencing techniques such as cross-linking and immunoprecipitation (CLIP), which facilitates identification of binding sites of these regulatory factors. However, the diversity in the experimental procedures and bioinformatics analyses has hindered the integration of multiple datasets and thus limited the development of an integrated view of post-transcriptional regulation. In this work, we have performed a comprehensive analysis of 107 CLIP datasets from 49 different RBPs in HEK293 cells to shed light on the complex interactions that govern post-transcriptional regulation. By developing a more stringent CLIP analysis pipeline we have discovered the existence of conserved regulatory AU-rich regions in the 3’UTRs where miRNAs and RBPs that regulate several processes such as polyadenylation or mRNA stability bind. Analogous to promoters, many factors have binding sites overlapping or in close proximity in these hotspots and hence the regulation of the mRNA may depend on their relative concentrations. This hypothesis is supported by RBP knockdown experiments that alter the relative concentration of RBPs in the cell. Upon AGO2 knockdown (KD), transcripts containing “free” target sites show increased expression levels compared to those containing target sites in hotspots, which suggests that target sites within hotspots are less available for miRNAs to bind. Interestingly, these hotspots appear enriched in genes with regulatory functions such as DNA binding and RNA binding. Taken together, our results suggest that hotspots are functional regulatory elements that define an extra layer of regulation of post-transcriptional regulatory networks. All the cells in a given organism contain the same genome, yet their phenotype can be very diverse. The vast majority of this diversity arises from the differences in the expression of genes and proteins in them. One of the main mechanisms involved in controlling the protein and mRNA repertoire in cells is post-transcriptional regulation. The recent development of high-throughput sequencing techniques gives us now an unprecedented opportunity to investigate how post-transcriptional regulation works and which are the elements involved in defining the final set of mRNAs and proteins inside cells. In this work, we have performed a comprehensive computational analysis of several post-transcriptional regulators in a commonly used human cell line in order to understand which factors are involved in post-transcriptional regulation and how they coordinate their function. The results of our analysis show that this process is orchestrated around small regions in the mRNAs where many regulators bind and may compete with each other to regulate the mRNAs. The investigation and characterization of these regions gives us insight into the underlying combinatorial control that causes gene expression to differ across cell types and in diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mireya Plass
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MP); (AK)
| | - Simon H. Rasmussen
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anders Krogh
- Section for Computational and RNA Biology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaløes Vej 5, Copenhagen, Denmark
- * E-mail: (MP); (AK)
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES This analysis used a population pharmacokinetic approach to identify covariates that influence plasma exposure of liraglutide 3.0 mg, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist approved for weight management in overweight and obese individuals. METHODS Samples for pharmacokinetic analysis were drawn at weeks 2, 12 and 28 of the phase IIIa SCALE Obesity and Prediabetes (N = 2339) and SCALE Diabetes (N = 584) trials. Dose proportionality of liraglutide in obese subjects was investigated using data from a phase II dose-finding study (N = 331). RESULTS Dose-proportional exposure of liraglutide up to and including 3.0 mg was confirmed. Body weight and sex influenced exposure of liraglutide 3.0 mg, while age ≥70 years, race, ethnicity and baseline glycaemic status did not. Compared with a reference subject weighing 100 kg, exposure of liraglutide 3.0 mg was 44 % lower for a subject weighing 234 kg (90 % CI 41-47), 41 % higher for a subject weighing 60 kg (90 % CI 37-46), and 32 % higher (90 % CI 28-35) in females than males with the same body weight. Neither injection site nor renal function significantly influenced exposure of liraglutide 3.0 mg (post hoc analysis). CONCLUSION Population pharmacokinetics of liraglutide up to and including 3.0 mg daily in overweight and obese adults demonstrated dose-proportional exposure, and limited effect of covariates other than sex and body weight. These findings were similar to those previously observed with liraglutide up to 1.8 mg in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Further analysis of exposure-response relationship and its effect on dose requirements is addressed in a separate publication.
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14
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Korshoej AR, Saturnino GB, Rasmussen LK, von Oettingen G, Sørensen JCH, Thielscher A. Enhancing Predicted Efficacy of Tumor Treating Fields Therapy of Glioblastoma Using Targeted Surgical Craniectomy: A Computer Modeling Study. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0164051. [PMID: 27695068 PMCID: PMC5047456 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0164051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The present work proposes a new clinical approach to TTFields therapy of glioblastoma. The approach combines targeted surgical skull removal (craniectomy) with TTFields therapy to enhance the induced electrical field in the underlying tumor tissue. Using computer simulations, we explore the potential of the intervention to improve the clinical efficacy of TTFields therapy of brain cancer. Methods We used finite element analysis to calculate the electrical field distribution in realistic head models based on MRI data from two patients: One with left cortical/subcortical glioblastoma and one with deeply seated right thalamic anaplastic astrocytoma. Field strength was assessed in the tumor regions before and after virtual removal of bone areas of varying shape and size (10 to 100 mm) immediately above the tumor. Field strength was evaluated before and after tumor resection to assess realistic clinical scenarios. Results For the superficial tumor, removal of a standard craniotomy bone flap increased the electrical field strength by 60–70% in the tumor. The percentage of tissue in expected growth arrest or regression was increased from negligible values to 30–50%. The observed effects were highly focal and targeted at the regions of pathology underlying the craniectomy. No significant changes were observed in surrounding healthy tissues. Median field strengths in tumor tissue increased with increasing craniectomy diameter up to 50–70 mm. Multiple smaller burr holes were more efficient than single craniectomies of equivalent area. Craniectomy caused no significant field enhancement in the deeply seated tumor, but rather a focal enhancement in the brain tissue underlying the skull defect. Conclusions Our results provide theoretical evidence that small and clinically feasible craniectomies may provide significant enhancement of TTFields intensity in cerebral hemispheric tumors without severely compromising brain protection or causing unacceptable heating in healthy tissues. A clinical trial is being planned to validate safety and efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Guilherme Bicalho Saturnino
- The Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Axel Thielscher
- The Danish Research Centre for Magnetic Resonance, Copenhagen University Hospital Hvidovre, Hvidovre, Denmark
- Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
- Biomedical Engineering, DTU Elektro, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
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Song SO, Hwang YC, Ahn KJ, Cha BS, Song YD, Lee DW, Lee BW. Clinical Characteristics of Patients Responding to Once-Daily Basal Insulin Therapy in Korean Subjects with Type 2 Diabetes. Diabetes Ther 2015; 6:547-558. [PMID: 26515457 PMCID: PMC4674476 DOI: 10.1007/s13300-015-0140-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A1chieve® (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00869908) was a 24-week observational study evaluating certain insulin analogs and not insulin analogs in general in 66,726 people with type 2 diabetes (T2D) in routine clinical care in 28 non-Western countries. This study demonstrated that insulin analogs improved self-management and metabolic control in patients with T2D. We investigated the effectiveness and clinical characteristics of patients with T2D showing better response to basal insulin (BI) (detemir), using data from the A1chieve study performed in Korea. METHODS Subjects were classified into two groups according to the achievement of target glycated hemoglobin (A1c) level of <7.5%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the variables independently associated with the achievement of target A1c level. RESULTS Baseline A1c, postprandial glucose (PPG), difference between PPG and fasting plasma glucose, and duration of diabetes were independently associated with better response to BI after adjusting for other risk factors. Compared to patients with BI use at evening, those who took BI in the morning demonstrated a larger reduction in A1c level. CONCLUSION Once-daily BI therapy appears to be effective in Korean subjects with type 2 diabetes who had a shorter duration of diabetes and a smaller postprandial glucose excursion. FUNDING Novo Nordisk Pharma Korea and Novo Nordisk International Operations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Ok Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - You-Cheol Hwang
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyu-Jeung Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bong Soo Cha
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Duk Song
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, National Health Insurance Service Ilsan Hospital, Goyang, South Korea
| | - Dae Wook Lee
- Novo Nordisk Pharma Korea Limited, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Byung-Wan Lee
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
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Gautier JF, Martinez L, Penfornis A, Eschwège E, Charpentier G, Huret B, Madani S, Gourdy P. Effectiveness and Persistence with Liraglutide Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes in Routine Clinical Practice--EVIDENCE: A Prospective, 2-Year Follow-Up, Observational, Post-Marketing Study. Adv Ther 2015; 32:838-53. [PMID: 26424330 PMCID: PMC4604502 DOI: 10.1007/s12325-015-0245-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Introduction The aim of this study was to investigate whether the efficacy of liraglutide observed in randomized controlled trials translates into therapeutic benefits in the French population during routine clinical practice. Methods This observational, prospective, multicenter study included 3152 adults with type 2 diabetes who had recently started or were about to start liraglutide treatment. During 2 years of follow-up, an evaluation of the reasons for prescribing liraglutide, maintenance dose of liraglutide, changes in combined antidiabetic treatments, level of glycemic control, change in body weight and body mass index (BMI), patient satisfaction with diabetes treatment and safety of liraglutide were investigated. The primary study endpoint was the proportion of patients still receiving liraglutide and presenting with HbA1c <7.0% after 2 years of follow-up. Results At the end of the study, 29.5% of patients maintained liraglutide treatment and reached the HbA1c target. Mean (±SD) HbA1c, fasting plasma glucose concentration, body weight and BMI were significantly reduced from baseline [8.46% (±1.46) to 7.44% (±1.20); 180 (±60) to 146 (±44) mg/dL; 95.2 (±20.0) to 91.1 (±19.6) kg; 34.0 (±7.2) to 32.5 (±6.9) kg/m2; respectively, all P < 0.0001]. Patient treatment satisfaction increased, with the mean diabetes treatment satisfaction questionnaire status version score increasing from 22.17 (±7.64) to 28.55 (±5.79), P < 0.0001. The main adverse event type was gastrointestinal, with a frequency of 10.9%, and the percentage of patients suffering ≥1 hypoglycemic episode decreased from 6.9% to 4.4%. Conclusion The results of the EVIDENCE study suggest that the effectiveness of liraglutide in real-world clinical practice is similar to that observed in randomized controlled trials. Funding Novo Nordisk A/S. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov identifier, NCT01226966. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12325-015-0245-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luc Martinez
- Université Pierre and Marie Curie, Paris, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Pierre Gourdy
- Service de Diabétologie, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France.
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