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Caballol M, Redondo MÁ, Catalán N, Corcobado T, Jung T, Marçais B, Milenković I, Nemesio-Gorriz M, Stenlid J, Oliva J. Climate acts as an environmental filter to plant pathogens. ISME J 2024; 18:wrae010. [PMID: 38366172 PMCID: PMC10926774 DOI: 10.1093/ismejo/wrae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Climate shapes the distribution of plant-associated microbes such as mycorrhizal and endophytic fungi. However, the role of climate in plant pathogen community assembly is less understood. Here, we explored the role of climate in the assembly of Phytophthora communities at >250 sites along a latitudinal gradient from Spain to northern Sweden and an altitudinal gradient from the Spanish Pyrenees to lowland areas. Communities were detected by ITS sequencing of river filtrates. Mediation analysis supported the role of climate in the biogeography of Phytophthora and ruled out other environmental factors such as geography or tree diversity. Comparisons of functional and species diversity showed that environmental filtering dominated over competitive exclusion in Europe. Temperature and precipitation acted as environmental filters at different extremes of the gradients. In northern regions, winter temperatures acted as an environmental filter on Phytophthora community assembly, selecting species adapted to survive low minimum temperatures. In southern latitudes, a hot dry climate was the main environmental filter, resulting in communities dominated by drought-tolerant Phytophthora species with thick oospore walls, a high optimum temperature for growth, and a high maximum temperature limit for growth. By taking a community ecology approach, we show that the establishment of Phytophthora plant pathogens in Europe is mainly restricted by cold temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Caballol
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Lleida 25198, Spain
| | - Miguel Ángel Redondo
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7026, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
| | - Núria Catalán
- Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, IDAEA-CSIC, Barcelona 08034, Spain
| | - Tamara Corcobado
- Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Phytophthora Research Centre, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
- Austrian Research Centre for Forests (BFW), Seckendorff-Gudent-Weg 8, Vienna 1131, Austria
| | - Thomas Jung
- Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Phytophthora Research Centre, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
| | - Benoît Marçais
- Université de Lorraine - INRAE, UMR Interactions Arbres/Microorganismes, Nancy 54000, France
| | - Ivan Milenković
- Mendel University in Brno, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Technology, Department of Forest Protection and Wildlife Management, Phytophthora Research Centre, Brno 613 00, Czech Republic
- University of Belgrade-Faculty of Forestry, Belgrade 11030, Serbia
| | | | - Jan Stenlid
- Department of Forest Mycology and Plant Pathology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, PO Box 7026, Uppsala 750 07, Sweden
| | - Jonàs Oliva
- Department of Agricultural and Forest Sciences and Engineering, University of Lleida, Lleida 25198, Spain
- Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO-CERCA, Lleida 25198, Spain
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