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Wei X, Liu N, Feng Y, Wang H, Han W, Zhuang M, Zhang H, Gao W, Lin Y, Tang X, Zheng Y. Competitive-like binding between carbon black and CTNNB1 to ΔNp63 interpreting the abnormal respiratory epithelial repair after injury. Sci Total Environ 2024; 929:172652. [PMID: 38653146 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.172652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Airway epithelium is extraordinary vulnerable to damage owning to continuous environment exposure. Subsequent repair is therefore essential to restore the homeostasis of respiratory system. Disruptions in respiratory epithelial repair caused by nanoparticles exposure have been linked to various human diseases, yet implications in repair process remain incompletely elucidated. This study aims to elucidate the key stage in epithelial repair disturbed by carbon black (CB) nanoparticles, highlighting the pivotal role of ΔNp63 in mediating the epithelium repair. A competitive-like binding between CB and beta-catenin 1 (CTNNB1) to ΔNp63 is proposed to elaborate the underlying toxicity mechanism. Specifically, CB exhibits a remarkable inhibitory effect on cell proliferation, leading to aberrant airway epithelial repair, as validated in air-liquid culture. ΔNp63 drives efficient epithelial proliferation during CB exposure, and CTNNB1 was identified as a target of ΔNp63 by bioinformatics analysis. Further molecular dynamics simulation reveals that oxygen-containing functional groups on CB disrupt the native interaction of CTNNB1 with ΔNp63 through competitive-like binding pattern. This process modulates CTNNB1 expression, ultimately restraining proliferation during respiratory epithelial repair. Overall, the current study elucidates that the diminished interaction between CTNNB1 and ΔNp63 impedes respiratory epithelial repair in response to CB exposure, thereby enriching the public health risk assessment on CB-related respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoran Wei
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Liu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yawen Feng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Hongmei Wang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weizhong Han
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Min Zhuang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hongna Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Wei Gao
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yongfeng Lin
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Xiaowen Tang
- Department of Medical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China.
| | - Yuxin Zheng
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Li M, Ding Y, Tuersong T, Chen L, Zhang ML, Li T, Feng SM, Guo Q. Let-7 family regulates HaCaT cell proliferation and apoptosis via the ΔNp63/PI3K/AKT pathway. Open Med (Wars) 2024; 19:20240925. [PMID: 38584846 PMCID: PMC10997002 DOI: 10.1515/med-2024-0925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the expression profiles of differentially expressed miRNAs (DEmiRNAs) involved in human fetal skin development via high-throughput sequencing to explore the expression difference and the regulatory role of miRNA in different stages of fetal skin development. Analysis of expression profiles of miRNAs involved collecting embryo samples via high-throughput sequencing, then bioinformatics analyses were performed to validate DEmiRNAs. A total of 363 miRNAs were differentially expressed during the early and mid-pregnancy of development, and upregulated DEmiRNAs were mainly concentrated in the let-7 family. The transfection of let-7b-5p slowed down HaCaT cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis, as evidenced by the cell counting kit-8 assay, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, and flow cytometry. The double luciferin reporter assay also confirmed let-7b-5p and ΔNp63 downregulation through the combination with the 3'-untranslated region of ΔNp63. Moreover, treatment with a let-7b-5p inhibitor upregulated ΔNp63 and activated the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-protein kinase B (AKT) signaling pathway. The let-7b-5p caused a converse effect on HaCaT cells because of Np63 upregulation. Let-7b-5p regulates skin development by targeting ΔNp63 via PI3K-AKT signaling, contributing to future studies on skin development and clinical scar-free healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Human Anatomy, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Second Medical College, Karamay, 834000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tayier Tuersong
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Long Chen
- Functional Center, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Mei-Lin Zhang
- Xinjiang Urumqi City Center Blood Station, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Tian Li
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Shu-Mei Feng
- Key Laboratory of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Laboratory of Molecular Biology of Endemic Diseases, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567 Suntech North Road, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
| | - Qiong Guo
- Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xinjiang Medical University, No. 567 Suntech North Road, Shuimogou District, Urumqi, 830000, Xinjiang, China
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Lim S, Khalmuratova R, Lee YY, Kim YS, Lee M, Lee NK, Kim SN, Choy YB, Park CG, Kim DW, Shin HW. Neutrophil extracellular traps promote ΔNp63+ basal cell hyperplasia in chronic rhinosinusitis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2024; 153:705-717.e11. [PMID: 38000697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2023.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) are observed in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS), although their role remains unclear. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to investigate the influence of NETs on the CRS epithelium. METHODS Forty-five sinonasal biopsy specimens were immunofluorescence-stained to identify NETs and p63+ basal stem cells. Investigators treated human nasal epithelial cells with NETs and studied them with immunofluorescence staining, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR. NET inhibitors were administered to a murine neutrophilic nasal polyp model. RESULTS NETs existed in tissues in patients with CRS with nasal polyps, especially in noneosinophilic nasal polyp tissues. p63+ basal cell expression had a positive correlation with the release of NETs. NETs induced the expansion of Ki-67+p63+ cells. We found that ΔNp63, an isoform of p63, was mainly expressed in the nasal epithelium and controlled by NETs. Treatment with deoxyribonuclease (DNase) I or Sivelestat (NET inhibitors) prevented the overexpression of ΔNp63+ epithelial stem cells and reduced polyp formation. CONCLUSIONS These results reveal that NETs are implicated in CRS pathogenesis via basal cell hyperplasia. This study suggests a novel possibility of treating CRS by targeting NETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suha Lim
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roza Khalmuratova
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Young Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yi Sook Kim
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Mingyu Lee
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Na Kyeong Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea
| | - Se-Na Kim
- Department of Research and Development Center, MediArk Inc, Cheongju, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Bin Choy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chun Gwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea; Department of Intelligent Precision Healthcare Convergence, SKKU Institute for Convergence, Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU), Suwon, Korea
| | - Dae Woo Kim
- Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun-Woo Shin
- Obstructive Upper airway Research (OUaR) Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University Graduate School, Seoul, Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea; Sensory Organ Research Institute, Seoul National University Medical Research Center, Seoul, Korea; Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Low-Calle AM, Ghoneima H, Ortega N, Cuibus AM, Katz C, Prives C, Prywes R. A Non-Canonical Hippo Pathway Represses the Expression of ΔNp63. Mol Cell Biol 2024; 44:27-42. [PMID: 38270135 PMCID: PMC10829837 DOI: 10.1080/10985549.2023.2292037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The p63 transcription factor, a member of the p53 family, plays an oncogenic role in squamous cell carcinomas, while in breast cancers its expression is often repressed. In the canonical conserved Hippo pathway, known to play a complex role in regulating growth of cancer cells, protein kinases MST1/2 and LATS1/2 act sequentially to phosphorylate and inhibit the YAP/TAZ transcription factors. We found that in MCF10A mammary epithelial cells as well as in squamous and breast cancer cell lines, expression of ΔNp63 RNA and protein is strongly repressed by inhibition of the Hippo pathway protein kinases. While MST1/2 and LATS1 are required for p63 expression, the next step of the pathway, namely phosphorylation and degradation of the YAP/TAZ transcriptional activators is not required for p63 repression. This suggests that regulation of p63 expression occurs by a noncanonical version of the Hippo pathway. We identified similarly regulated genes, suggesting the broader importance of this pathway. Interestingly, lowering p63 expression lead to increased YAP protein levels, indicating crosstalk of the YAP/TAZ-independent and -dependent branches of the Hippo pathway. These results, which reveal the intersection of the Hippo and p63 pathways, may prove useful for the control of their activities in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Maria Low-Calle
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Hana Ghoneima
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Nicholas Ortega
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Adriana M. Cuibus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Chen Katz
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Carol Prives
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Ron Prywes
- Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
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Ge M, Zhu J, Yi K, Chen Y, Cao W, Wang M, Xie C, Li X, Geng S, Wu J, Zhong C, Cao H, Jiang Z, Han H. Diallyl trisulfide inhibits gastric cancer stem cell properties through ΔNp63/sonic hedgehog pathway. Mol Carcinog 2023; 62:1673-1685. [PMID: 37477518 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Gastric cancer is one of the deadliest malignant tumors, and half of the patients develop recurrences or metastasis within 5 years after eradication therapy. Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be important in this progress. The sonic hedgehog (SHH) pathway plays an important role in the maintenance of gastric CSCs characteristics. The p63 proteins are vital transcription factors belonging to the p53 family, while their functions in regulating CSCs remain unclear. The preventive effects of dietary diallyl trisulfide (DATS) against human gastric cancer have been verified. However, whether DATS can target gastric CSCs are poorly understood. Here, we investigated the role of ΔNp63/SHH pathway in gastric CSCs and the inhibitory effect of DATS on gastric CSCs via ΔNp63/SHH pathway. We found that ΔNp63 was upregulated in serum-free medium cultured gastric tumorspheres compared with the parental cells. Overexpression of ΔNp63 elevated the self-renewal capacity and CSC markers' levels in gastric sphere-forming cells. Furthermore, we found that ΔNp63 directly bound to the promoter region of Gli1, the key transcriptional factor of SHH pathway, to enhance its expression and to activate SHH pathway. In addition, it was revealed that DATS effectively inhibited gastric CSC properties both in vitro and in vivo settings. Activation of SHH pathway attenuated the suppressive effects of DATS on the stemness of gastric cancer. Moreover, DATS suppression of gastric CSC properties was also diminished by ΔNp63 upregulation through SHH pathway activation. These findings illustrated the role of ΔNp63/SHH pathway in DATS inhibition of gastric cancer stemness. Taken together, the present study suggested for the first time that DATS inhibited gastric CSCs properties by ΔNp63/SHH pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Ge
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jianyun Zhu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Division of Nutrition, Suzhou Digestive Diseases and Nutrition Research Center, North District of Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Kefan Yi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yue Chen
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanshuang Cao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Menghuan Wang
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chunfeng Xie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoting Li
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shanshan Geng
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jieshu Wu
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Caiyun Zhong
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Division of Cancer Research, Center for Global Health, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hui Cao
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhiwei Jiang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongyu Han
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Katoh I, Tsukinoki K, Hata RI, Kurata SI. ΔNp63 silencing, DNA methylation shifts, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition resulted from TAp63 genome editing in squamous cell carcinoma. Neoplasia 2023; 45:100938. [PMID: 37778252 PMCID: PMC10544079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2023.100938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
TP63 (p63) is strongly expressed in lower-grade carcinomas of the head and neck, skin, breast, and urothelium to maintain a well-differentiated phenotype. TP63 has two transcription start sites at exons 1 and 3' that produce TAp63 and ΔNp63 isoforms, respectively. The major protein, ΔNp63α, epigenetically activates genes essential for epidermal/craniofacial differentiation, including ΔNp63 itself. To examine the specific role of weakly expressed TAp63, we disrupted exon 1 using CRISPR-Cas9 homology-directed repair in a head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) line. Surprisingly, TAp63 knockout cells having either monoallelic GFP cassette insertion paired with a frameshift deletion allele or biallelic GFP cassette insertion exhibited ΔNp63 silencing. Loss of keratinocyte-specific gene expression, switching of intermediate filament genes from KRT(s) to VIM, and suppression of cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion components indicated the core events of epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Many of the positively and negatively affected genes, including ΔNp63, displayed local DNA methylation changes. Furthermore, ΔNp63 expression was partially rescued by transfection of the TAp63 knockout cells with TAp63α and application of DNA methyltransferase inhibitor zebularine. These results suggest that TAp63, a minor part of the TP63 gene, may be involved in the auto-activation mechanism of ΔNp63 by which the keratinocyte-specific epigenome is maintained in SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iyoko Katoh
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan.
| | - Keiichi Tsukinoki
- Department of Environmental Pathology, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Ryu-Ichiro Hata
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
| | - Shun-Ichi Kurata
- Faculty of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, 82 Inaoka-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 238-8580, Japan
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Mourtada J, Lony C, Nicol A, De Azevedo J, Bour C, Macabre C, Roncarati P, Ledrappier S, Schultz P, Borel C, Burgy M, Wasylyk B, Mellitzer G, Herfs M, Gaiddon C, Jung AC. A novel ΔNp63-dependent immune mechanism improves prognosis of HPV-related head and neck cancer. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1264093. [PMID: 38022675 PMCID: PMC10630910 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1264093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Deconvoluting the heterogenous prognosis of Human Papillomavirus (HPV)-related oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is crucial for enhancing patient care, given its rapidly increasing incidence in western countries and the adverse side effects of OSCC treatments. Methods Transcriptomic data from HPV-positive OSCC samples were analyzed using unsupervised hierarchical clustering, and clinical relevance was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. HPV-positive OSCC cell line models were used in functional analyses and phenotypic assays to assess cell migration and invasion, response to cisplatin, and phagocytosis by macrophages in vitro. Results We found, by transcriptomic analysis of HPV-positive OSCC samples, a ΔNp63 dependent molecular signature that is associated with patient prognosis. ΔNp63 was found to act as a tumor suppressor in HPV-positive OSCC at multiple levels. It inhibits cell migration and invasion, and favors response to chemotherapy. RNA-Seq analysis uncovered an unexpected regulation of genes, such as DKK3, which are involved in immune response-signalling pathways. In agreement with these observations, we found that ΔNp63 expression levels correlate with an enhanced anti-tumor immune environment in OSCC, and ΔNp63 promotes cancer cell phagocytosis by macrophages through a DKK3/NF-κB-dependent pathway. Conclusion Our findings are the first comprehensive identification of molecular mechanisms involved in the heterogeneous prognosis of HPV-positive OSCC, paving the way for much-needed biomarkers and targeted treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Mourtada
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Christelle Lony
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Anaïs Nicol
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Justine De Azevedo
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Cyril Bour
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Macabre
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
- Tumorothèque du Centre Paul Strauss, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Roncarati
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Sonia Ledrappier
- Tumorothèque du Centre Paul Strauss, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
| | - Philippe Schultz
- Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christian Borel
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mickaël Burgy
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bohdan Wasylyk
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U 1258, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Centre Nationale de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) UMR 7104, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Georg Mellitzer
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Michaël Herfs
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathology, GIGA-Cancer, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Christian Gaiddon
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
| | - Alain C. Jung
- Laboratoire de Biologie Tumorale, Institut de cancérologie Strasbourg Europe, Strasbourg, France
- Université de Strasbourg-Inserm, UMR_S 1113 IRFAC, Laboratory « Streinth », Strasbourg, France
- Tumorothèque du Centre Paul Strauss, Centre Paul Strauss, Strasbourg, France
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8
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Sato K, Yoshino H, Sato Y, Nakano M, Tsuruga E. ΔNp63 Regulates Radioresistance in Human Head and Neck Squamous Carcinoma Cells. Curr Issues Mol Biol 2023; 45:6262-6271. [PMID: 37623213 PMCID: PMC10453785 DOI: 10.3390/cimb45080394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Radiation therapy is commonly used to treat head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC); however, recurrence results from the development of radioresistant cancer cells. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the underlying mechanisms of radioresistance in HNSCC. Previously, we showed that the inhibition of karyopherin-β1 (KPNB1), a factor in the nuclear transport system, enhances radiation-induced cytotoxicity, specifically in HNSCC cells, and decreases the localization of SCC-specific transcription factor ΔNp63. This suggests that ΔNp63 may be a KPNB1-carrying nucleoprotein that regulates radioresistance in HNSCC. Here, we determined whether ΔNp63 is involved in the radioresistance of HNSCC cells. Cell survival was measured by a colony formation assay. Apoptosis was assessed by annexin V staining and cleaved caspase-3 expression. The results indicate that ΔNp63 knockdown decreased the survival of irradiated HNSCC cells, increased radiation-induced annexin V+ cells, and cleaved caspase-3 expression. These results show that ΔNp63 is involved in the radioresistance of HNSCC cells. We further investigated which specific karyopherin-α (KPNA) molecules, partners of KPNB1 for nuclear transport, are involved in nuclear ΔNp63 expression. The analysis of nuclear ΔNp63 protein expression suggests that KPNA1 is involved in nuclear ΔNp63 expression. Taken together, our results suggest that ΔNp63 is a KPNB1-carrying nucleoprotein that regulates radioresistance in HNSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kota Sato
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Hironori Yoshino
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Yoshiaki Sato
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
| | - Manabu Nakano
- Department of Bioscience and Laboratory Medicine, Hirosaki University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan;
| | - Eichi Tsuruga
- Department of Radiation Science, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8564, Aomori, Japan (Y.S.); (E.T.)
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Pokorna Z, Vyslouzil J, Vojtesek B, Coates PJ. Identifying pathways regulating the oncogenic p53 family member ΔNp63 provides therapeutic avenues for squamous cell carcinoma. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2022; 27:18. [PMID: 35196980 PMCID: PMC8903560 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-022-00323-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background ΔNp63 overexpression is a common event in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) that contributes to tumorigenesis, making ΔNp63 a potential target for therapy. Methods We created inducible TP63-shRNA cells to study the effects of p63-depletion in SCC cell lines and non-malignant HaCaT keratinocytes. DNA damaging agents, growth factors, signaling pathway inhibitors, histone deacetylase inhibitors, and metabolism-modifying drugs were also investigated for their ability to influence ΔNp63 protein and mRNA levels. Results HaCaT keratinocytes, FaDu and SCC-25 cells express high levels of ΔNp63. HaCaT and FaDu inducible TP63-shRNA cells showed reduced proliferation after p63 depletion, with greater effects on FaDu than HaCaT cells, compatible with oncogene addiction in SCC. Genotoxic insults and histone deacetylase inhibitors variably reduced ΔNp63 levels in keratinocytes and SCC cells. Growth factors that regulate proliferation/survival of squamous cells (IGF-1, EGF, amphiregulin, KGF, and HGF) and PI3K, mTOR, MAPK/ERK or EGFR inhibitors showed lesser and inconsistent effects, with dual inhibition of PI3K and mTOR or EGFR inhibition selectively reducing ΔNp63 levels in HaCaT cells. In contrast, the antihyperlipidemic drug lovastatin selectively increased ΔNp63 in HaCaT cells. Conclusions These data confirm that ΔNp63-positive SCC cells require p63 for continued growth and provide proof of concept that p63 reduction is a therapeutic option for these tumors. Investigations of ΔNp63 regulation identified agent-specific and cell-specific pathways. In particular, dual inhibition of the PI3K and mTOR pathways reduced ΔNp63 more effectively than single pathway inhibition, and broad-spectrum histone deacetylase inhibitors showed a time-dependent biphasic response, with high level downregulation at the transcriptional level within 24 h. In addition to furthering our understanding of ΔNp63 regulation in squamous cells, these data identify novel drug combinations that may be useful for p63-based therapy of SCC. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s11658-022-00323-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Pokorna
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Vyslouzil
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip J Coates
- Research Center of Applied Molecular Oncology (RECAMO), Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Zluty kopec 7, 656 53, Brno, Czech Republic.
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10
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Nishimori T, Hanazono K, Matsuda K, Kawamura Y, Kadosawa T, Endo Y, Uchide T. Prognostic role of ΔNp63 expression in canine transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. Open Vet J 2022; 11:700-706. [PMID: 35070867 PMCID: PMC8770170 DOI: 10.5455/ovj.2021.v11.i4.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Decreased p63 protein expression in canine transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder is associated with vascular invasion of the tumor, metastasis, and shortened survival. ΔNp63, an isoform of p63, is downregulated in high-grade invasive urothelial carcinoma in humans. However, the clinical significance of ΔNp63 expression in canine urinary bladder tumors is unknown. Therefore, it is essential to investigate ΔNp63 expression patterns in TCC, the most common urinary bladder tumor in dogs. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the expression and role of ΔNp63 in canine TCC of the urinary bladder. Methods ΔNp63 expression was compared between the normal canine urinary bladder, polypoid cystitis, and TCC. The correlation of ΔNp63 expression with histopathological and clinical findings were further evaluated, and its usefulness as a prognostic factor was examined. Results We observed that ΔNp63 was highly expressed in dogs' normal urinary bladder and polypoid cystitis, and its expression levels were low in TCC. Furthermore, low levels of ΔNp63 expression were associated with vascular invasion, metastasis, and shortened survival in dogs with TCC. Conclusion These results indicate that ΔNp63 expression could serve as a valuable biomarker for invasion, metastasis, and prognosis of canine TCC of the urinary bladder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiwamu Hanazono
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Kazuya Matsuda
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kawamura
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Kadosawa
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Endo
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Rakuno Gakuen University, Ebetsu, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Uchide
- Laboratory of Veterinary Molecular Pathology and Therapeutics, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu, Japan
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11
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Prieto-Garcia C, Tomašković I, Shah VJ, Dikic I, Diefenbacher M. USP28: Oncogene or Tumor Suppressor? A Unifying Paradigm for Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cells 2021; 10:2652. [PMID: 34685632 PMCID: PMC8534253 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Squamous cell carcinomas are therapeutically challenging tumor entities. Low response rates to radiotherapy and chemotherapy are commonly observed in squamous patients and, accordingly, the mortality rate is relatively high compared to other tumor entities. Recently, targeting USP28 has been emerged as a potential alternative to improve the therapeutic response and clinical outcomes of squamous patients. USP28 is a catalytically active deubiquitinase that governs a plethora of biological processes, including cellular proliferation, DNA damage repair, apoptosis and oncogenesis. In squamous cell carcinoma, USP28 is strongly expressed and stabilizes the essential squamous transcription factor ΔNp63, together with important oncogenic factors, such as NOTCH1, c-MYC and c-JUN. It is presumed that USP28 is an oncoprotein; however, recent data suggest that the deubiquitinase also has an antineoplastic effect regulating important tumor suppressor proteins, such as p53 and CHK2. In this review, we discuss: (1) The emerging role of USP28 in cancer. (2) The complexity and mutational landscape of squamous tumors. (3) The genetic alterations and cellular pathways that determine the function of USP28 in squamous cancer. (4) The development and current state of novel USP28 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristian Prieto-Garcia
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (I.T.); (V.J.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Ines Tomašković
- Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (I.T.); (V.J.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Varun Jayeshkumar Shah
- Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (I.T.); (V.J.S.); (I.D.)
| | - Ivan Dikic
- Molecular Signaling Group, Institute of Biochemistry II, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (I.T.); (V.J.S.); (I.D.)
- Buchmann Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Goethe University Frankfurt, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Markus Diefenbacher
- Protein Stability and Cancer Group, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Würzburg, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Comprehensive Cancer Centre Mainfranken, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
- Mildred Scheel Early Career Center, 97074 Würzburg, Germany
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12
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Kubo T, Sato S, Hida T, Minowa T, Hirohashi Y, Tsukahara T, Kanaseki T, Murata K, Uhara H, Torigoe T. IL-13 modulates ∆Np63 levels causing altered expression of barrier- and inflammation-related molecules in human keratinocytes: A possible explanation for chronicity of atopic dermatitis. Immun Inflamm Dis 2021; 9:734-745. [PMID: 33792188 PMCID: PMC8342210 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrier disruption and an excessive immune response in keratinocytes are now considered to have important roles in the pathophysiology of atopic dermatitis (AD). Furthermore, disturbed keratinocyte differentiation is considered to underlie AD. ΔNp63, a p53-like transcription factor, is a major regulator of keratinocyte differentiation. However, the functional significance of ΔNp63 in AD has not been clarified. OBJECTIVE In this study, we aimed to investigate the influence of the type 2 inflammatory environment on ΔNp63 expression and AD-associated molecules regulated by ΔNp63 in keratinocytes. METHODS The immunohistochemical expression profiles of ΔNp63 and AD-related molecules were evaluated in human skin tissue. The function of ΔNp63 in the regulation of AD-related molecules and the influence of the type 2 inflammatory environment on ΔNp63 expression were investigated using human primary keratinocytes. Expression of ΔNp63 was manipulated using the RNA interfering method. RESULTS In healthy skin tissue, we observed an inverse expression pattern between ∆Np63 and some barrier-related proteins including filaggrin, caspase-14, claudin-1, and claudin-4. ΔNp63 regulated expression of these genes and proteins. In addition, production of IL-1β and IL-33, pro-inflammatory cytokines, was modulated by ΔNp63. Furthermore, prolonged IL-13 exposure increased the thickness of the three-dimensional culture of keratinocytes. IL-13 interfered with ΔNp63 downregulation during calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation. IL-13 modulated some barrier-related and inflammation-related molecules, which were regulated by ΔNp63. CONCLUSIONS We have shown that ΔNp63 modulated AD-related barrier and inflammatory molecules. In addition, ΔNp63 expression was affected by IL-4/IL-13. IL-13-ΔNp63 axis would integrate two major factors of AD pathogenesis: dysregulated barrier and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terufumi Kubo
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Sayuri Sato
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tokimasa Hida
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomoyuki Minowa
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Hirohashi
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tomohide Tsukahara
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanaseki
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kenji Murata
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hisashi Uhara
- Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Toshihiko Torigoe
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Sapporo Medical University, Sapporo, Japan
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13
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Reinecke JB, Roberts RD. Targetable Intercellular Signaling Pathways Facilitate Lung Colonization in Osteosarcoma. Adv Exp Med Biol 2020; 1258:111-23. [PMID: 32767237 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43085-6_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Outcomes for young people diagnosed with osteosarcoma hinge almost exclusively on whether they develop lung metastasis. The striking predilection that osteosarcoma shows for metastatic spread to lung suggests properties and/or lung interactions that generate tissue-specific survival and proliferation advantages. While these mechanisms remain overall poorly defined, studies have begun to describe biological elements important to metastasis. Mechanisms described to date include both cell-autonomous adaptations that allow disseminated tumor cells to survive the stressors imposed by metastasis and intercellular signaling networks that tumor cells exploit to pirate needed signals from surrounding tissues or to recruit other cells that create a more favorable niche. Evidence suggests that cell-autonomous changes are largely driven by epigenetic reprogramming of disseminated tumor cells that facilitates resistance to late apoptosis, manages endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stressors, promotes translation of complex transcripts, and activates clotting pathways. Tumor-host signaling pathways important for lung colonization drive interactions with lung epithelium, mesenchymal stem cells, and mediators of innate and adaptive immunity. In this chapter, we highlight one particular pathway that integrates cell-autonomous adaptations with lung-specific tumor-host interactions. In this mechanism, aberrant ΔNp63 expression primes tumor cells to produce IL6 and CXCL8 upon interaction with lung epithelial cells. This tumor-derived IL6 and CXCL8 then initiates autocrine, osteosarcoma-lung paracrine, and osteosarcoma-immune paracrine interactions that facilitate metastasis. Importantly, many of these pathways appear targetable with clinically feasible therapeutics. Ongoing work to better understand metastasis is driving efforts to improve outcomes by targeting the most devastating complication of this disease.
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14
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Kim J, Park S, Chang Y, Park KH, Lee H. Synergetic Effects of Intronic Mature miR-944 and ΔNp63 Isoforms on Tumorigenesis in a Cervical Cancer Cell Line. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21165612. [PMID: 32764455 PMCID: PMC7460632 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21165612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
miR-944 is located in an intron of the tumor protein p63 gene (TP63). miR-944 expression levels in cervical cancer tissues are significantly higher than in normal tissues and are associated with tumor size, International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage, lymph node metastasis, and survival. However, associations of miR-944 with its host gene, TP63, which encodes TAp63 and ΔNp63, in cervical cancer have not been fully investigated. A positive correlation between miR-944 and ΔNp63 mRNA expression was identified in cervical cancer tissues. Furthermore, when the expression of miR-944 and ΔNp63 was simultaneously inhibited, cell proliferation-, differentiation- epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-, transcription-, and virus-associated gene clusters were shown to be significantly more active according to functional annotation analysis. Cell viability and migration were more reduced upon simultaneous inhibition with anti-miR-944 or ΔNp63 siRNA than with inhibition with anti-miR-944 or ΔNp63 siRNA alone, or scramble. In addition, Western blot analysis showed that the simultaneous inhibition of miR-944 and ΔNp63 reduced EMT by increasing the expression of epithelial markers such as claudin and by decreasing mesenchymal markers such as N-cadherin and vimentin. Slug, an EMT transcription factor, was also decreased by the simultaneous inhibition of miR-944 and ΔNp63. Thus, associations between miR-944 and ΔNp63 in cervical cancer could help to elucidate the function of this intronic microRNA and its role in carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungho Kim
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Catholic University of Pusan, Busan 46252, Korea;
| | - Sunyoung Park
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (S.P.); (Y.C.)
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03772, Korea
| | - Yunhee Chang
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (S.P.); (Y.C.)
| | - Kwang Hwa Park
- Department of Pathology, Yonsei University, Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju 26426, Korea;
| | - Hyeyoung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Health Sciences, Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Korea; (S.P.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-760-2740; Fax: +82-33-760-2561
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15
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Hattori T, Kawano S, Tanaka S, Matsubara R, Sakamoto T, Hashiguchi Y, Kaneko N, Mikami Y, Morioka M, Maruse Y, Kitamura R, Hamada E, Hiwatashi M, Oobu K, Kiyoshima T, Nakamura S. Elevated expression of protease-activated receptor 1 via ΔNp63 down-regulation contributes to nodal metastasis in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2021; 50:163-70. [PMID: 32536459 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2020.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Protease-activated receptor 1 (PAR1) is known as a thrombin receptor. Recent studies have reported PAR1 expression in various malignancies; however, its role in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) requires clarification. A previous study showed that down-regulation of ΔNp63, a homolog of p53, augments PAR1 expression in OSCC. In the present study, the association of PAR1 expression with clinicopathological findings in OSCC was examined retrospectively. Expression of PAR1, thrombin, and ΔNp63 was examined immunohistochemically in OSCC specimens. Patients were divided into three groups based on the expression pattern of PAR1 at the invasive front: group A, PAR1-negative in both cancer and stromal cells; group B, positive in stromal cells but negative in cancer cells; group C, positive in both cancer and stromal cells. Histologically high-grade tumours were significantly more common in group C. Patients in group C had the highest incidence rate of nodal metastasis (P<0.001) and a lower survival rate (P=0.085) than those in the other groups. At the invasive front, in group C, thrombin was expressed but ΔNp63 expression was weak. These results indicate that increased PAR1 expression in both cancer and stromal cells could be a useful predictive marker of nodal metastasis and that ΔNp63 is involved in regulating PAR1 expression.
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16
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Hazawa M, Yoshino H, Nakagawa Y, Shimizume R, Nitta K, Sato Y, Sato M, Wong RW, Kashiwakura I. Karyopherin-β1 Regulates Radioresistance and Radiation-Increased Programmed Death-Ligand 1 Expression in Human Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cell Lines. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E908. [PMID: 32276424 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12040908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 04/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Nuclear transport receptors, such as karyopherin-β1 (KPNB1), play important roles in the nuclear-cytoplasmic transport of macromolecules. Recent evidence indicates the involvement of nuclear transport receptors in the progression of cancer, making these receptors promising targets for the treatment of cancer. Here, we investigated the anticancer effects of KPNB1 blockage or in combination with ionizing radiation on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). HNSCC cell line SAS and Ca9-22 cells were used in this study. Importazole, an inhibitor of KPNB1, or knockdown of KPNB1 by siRNA transfection were applied for the blockage of KPNB1 functions. The roles of KPNB1 on apoptosis induction and cell surface expression levels of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) in irradiated HNSCC cells were investigated. The major findings of this study are that (i) blockage of KPNB1 specifically enhanced the radiation-induced apoptosis and radiosensitivity of HNSCC cells; (ii) importazole elevated p53-upregulated modulator of apoptosis (PUMA) expression via blocking the nuclear import of SCC-specific oncogene ΔNp63 in HNSCC cells; and (iii) blockage of KPNB1 attenuated the upregulation of cell surface PD-L1 expression on irradiated HNSCC cells. Taken together, these results suggest that co-treatment with KPNB1 blockage and ionizing radiation is a promising strategy for the treatment of HNSCC.
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Liu Y, Nekulova M, Nenutil R, Horakova I, Appleyard MV, Murray K, Holcakova J, Galoczova M, Quinlan P, Jordan LB, Purdie CA, Vojtesek B, Thompson AM, Coates PJ. ∆Np63/p40 correlates with the location and phenotype of basal/mesenchymal cancer stem-like cells in human ER + and HER2 + breast cancers. J Pathol Clin Res 2019; 6:83-93. [PMID: 31591823 PMCID: PMC6966710 DOI: 10.1002/cjp2.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
ΔNp63, also known as p40, regulates stemness of normal mammary gland epithelium and provides stem cell characteristics in basal and HER2‐driven murine breast cancer models. Whilst ΔNp63/p40 is a characteristic feature of normal basal cells and basal‐type triple‐negative breast cancer, some receptor‐positive breast cancers express ΔNp63/p40 and its overexpression imparts cancer stem cell‐like properties in ER+ cell lines. However, the incidence of ER+ and HER2+ tumours that express ΔNp63/p40 is unclear and the phenotype of ΔNp63/p40+ cells in these tumours remains uncertain. Using immunohistochemistry with p63 isoform‐specific antibodies, we identified a ΔNp63/p40+ tumour cell subpopulation in 100 of 173 (58%) non‐triple negative breast cancers and the presence of this population associated with improved survival in patients with ER−/HER2+ tumours (p = 0.006). Furthermore, 41% of ER+/PR+ and/or HER2+ locally metastatic breast cancers expressed ΔNp63/p40, and these cells commonly accounted for <1% of the metastatic tumour cell population that localised to the tumour/stroma interface, exhibited an undifferentiated phenotype and were CD44+/ALDH−. In vitro studies revealed that MCF7 and T47D (ER+) and BT‐474 (HER2+) breast cancer cell lines similarly contained a small subpopulation of ΔNp63/p40+ cells that increased in mammospheres. In vivo, MCF7 xenografts contained ΔNp63/p40+ cells with a similar phenotype to primary ER+ cancers. Consistent with tumour samples, these cells also showed a distinct location at the tumour/stroma interface, suggesting a role for paracrine factors in the induction or maintenance of ΔNp63/p40. Thus, ΔNp63/p40 is commonly present in a small population of tumour cells with a distinct phenotype and location in ER+ and/or HER2+ human breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Liu
- NCRC, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Marta Nekulova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Rudolf Nenutil
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Horakova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - M Virginia Appleyard
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Karen Murray
- Dundee Cancer Centre, University of Dundee, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Jitka Holcakova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Galoczova
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Philip Quinlan
- Advanced Data Analysis Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Lee B Jordan
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Colin A Purdie
- Department of Pathology, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK
| | - Borivoj Vojtesek
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alastair M Thompson
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Dan L Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Philip J Coates
- Regional Centre for Applied Molecular Oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic
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Raj N, Bam R. Reciprocal Crosstalk Between YAP1/Hippo Pathway and the p53 Family Proteins: Mechanisms and Outcomes in Cancer. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:159. [PMID: 31448276 PMCID: PMC6695833 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The YAP1/Hippo and p53 pathways are critical protectors of genome integrity in response to DNA damage. Together, these pathways secure cellular adaptation and maintain overall tissue integrity through transcriptional re-programing downstream of various environmental and biological cues generated during normal tissue growth, cell proliferation, and apoptosis. Genetic perturbations in YAP1/Hippo and p53 pathways are known to contribute to the cells’ ability to turn rogue and initiate tumorigenesis. The Hippo and p53 pathways cooperate on many levels and are closely coordinated through multiple molecular components of their signaling pathways. Several functional and physical interactions have been reported to occur between YAP1/Hippo pathway components and the three p53 family members, p53, p63, and p73. Primarily, functional status of p53 family proteins dictates the subcellular localization, protein stability and transcriptional activity of the core component of the Hippo pathway, Yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1). In this review, we dissect the critical points of crosstalk between the YAP1/Hippo pathway components, with a focus on YAP1, and the p53 tumor suppressor protein family. For each p53 family member, we discuss the biological implications of their interaction with Hippo pathway components in determining cell fate under the conditions of tissue homeostasis and cancer pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Raj
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Rakesh Bam
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
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19
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Zhou R, Gao Y, Lv D, Wang C, Wang D, Li Q. METTL3 mediated m 6A modification plays an oncogenic role in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma by regulating ΔNp63. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2019; 515:310-7. [PMID: 31153635 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.05.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) originates from epithelial stem cells through the dysregulation of self-renewal and differentiation. Recent studies have identified methyltransferase-like 3 (METTL3)-mediated N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modification as key regulator of fate of stem cells. However, little is known about the functional importance of METTL3 in cSCC. Here, Western blot and immunohistochemistry were used to investigate the METTL3 levels in cSCC tissues. Functional experiments including surface marker detection, Brdu incorporation assay, colony forming assay, m6A dot blot and tumor xenograft assay were performed to investigate the properties in cSCC cell lines after METTL3 knock down. The expression of METTL3 was up-regulated in cSCC samples. METTL3 knock down impaired cSCC cell stem-like properties, including colony forming ability in vitro and tumorigenicity in vivo. Furthermore, METTL3 knock down and methylation inhibitor cycloleucine could decrease the m6A levels and the expression of ΔNp63 in cSCC. Exogenous expression of ΔNp63 partially restored the cell proliferation of METTL3-knockdown cSCC cells. Therefore, our data indicated the m6A methyltransferases METTL3 as a critical gene in regulating tumorigeneis of cSCC.
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20
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He Y, Tai S, Deng M, Fan Z, Ping F, He L, Zhang C, Huang Y, Cheng B, Xia J. Metformin and 4SC-202 synergistically promote intrinsic cell apoptosis by accelerating ΔNp63 ubiquitination and degradation in oral squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Med 2019; 8:3479-3490. [PMID: 31025540 PMCID: PMC6601594 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is the most common and aggressive epithelial tumor in the head and neck region with a rising incidence. Despite the advances in basic science and clinical research, the overall survival rate of OSCC remains low. Thus finding novel effective therapeutic agents for OSCC is necessary. In this study, we investigated the effects and mechanisms of combined metformin and 4SC-202 in OSCC. Our results showed that metformin and 4SC-202 synergistically suppressed the proliferation and promoted the intrinsic apoptosis of OSCC cells in vitro and in vivo. Importantly, the proteasome inhibitor MG132 impeded the ΔNp63-decreasing effects after metformin and 4SC-202 treatment, indicating that metformin and 4SC-202 could promote the degradation of ΔNp63 protein. Moreover, ubiquitination level of ΔNp63 increased after metformin or/and 4SC-202 administration. Furthermore, we revealed that ΔNp63 mediated anticancer effects of metformin and 4SC-202, as overexpression or suppression of ΔNp63 could attenuate or facilitate the apoptosis rate of OSCC under metformin or/and 4SC-202 treatment. Collectively, metformin and 4SC-202 synergistically promote intrinsic apoptosis through accelerating ubiquitin-mediated degradation of ΔNp63 in OSCC, and this co-treatment can serve as a potential therapeutic scheme for OSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan He
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Shanshan Tai
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Miao Deng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhaona Fan
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Fan Ping
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lihong He
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Chi Zhang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yulei Huang
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Bin Cheng
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
| | - Juan Xia
- Department of Oral Medicine, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, P.R. China
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21
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Ono S, Nakano K, Takabatake K, Kawai H, Nagatsuka H. Immunohistochemistry of YAP and dNp63 and survival analysis of patients bearing precancerous lesion and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Med Sci 2019; 16:766-773. [PMID: 31217745 PMCID: PMC6566736 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.29995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Yes-associated protein (YAP) is a candidate oncogene in various human cancers, and recently, it has been reported that YAP expression and its activity was enhanced by ΔNp63. However, the role of YAP and ΔNp63 expression in carcinogenesis and progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) has been unknown. Therefore, we investigated how YAP and ΔNp63 influence carcinogenesis and progression of OSCC. Methods: We performed immunohistochemical analyses in whole tissue samples to investigate YAP and ΔNp63 expression in normal oral mucosa, epithelial hyperplasia, oral epithelial dysplasia (OED; low/high grade), carcinoma in situ (CIS), and OSCC. Furthermore, in OSCC, we analyzed clinical significance by using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results: In normal oral mucosa and epithelial hyperplasia, YAP expression was primarily confined to the basal and parabasal layers, but YAP expression was elevated in OED, CIS, and OSCC. In OED, YAP and ΔNp63 expression levels were markedly higher in high grade than in low grade. In OSCC groups, YAP and ΔNp63 expression patterns tended to differ according to histopathological differentiation of OSCC. Furthermore, the YAP high expression group, which showed YAP staining in >50% positive cells with strong cytoplasmic staining or >10% positive cells with nuclear reactivity, showed a tendency to have a poor survival rate. Conclusion: YAP and ΔNp63 expression levels correlated with grade of oral OED. Additionally, YAP expression was associated with OSCC survival rate. Our results suggested that YAP and ΔNp63 expression might serve as predictive markers to distinguish OSCC development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sawako Ono
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakano
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kiyofumi Takabatake
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hotaka Kawai
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagatsuka
- Department of Oral Pathology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
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22
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Lu JH, Liao WT, Lee CH, Chang KL, Ke HL, Yu HS. ΔNp63 promotes abnormal epidermal proliferation in arsenical skin cancers. Toxicol In Vitro 2018; 53:57-66. [PMID: 30026126 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2018.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic is known to perturb epidermal homeostasis and induce abnormal keratinocyte proliferation, leading to skin carcinogenesis. P63 and its isoforms are essential to regulate epidermal homeostasis. This study aimed to investigate the role of p63 isoforms in abnormal epidermal proliferation induced by arsenic. Using arsenic-induced Bowen's disease (As-BD; an intraepidermal carcinoma) as a disease model, we found that in As-BD, the expression of proliferating basal keratinocytes marker cytokeratin 14 (CK14) and N-terminal truncated p63 isoform (ΔNp63; proliferation regulator) was increased, however, that of the differentiation marker cytokeratin 10 (CK10) and full-length p63 isoform (TAp63; differentiation regulator) was decreased in squamous cells as compared with healthy subjects. These observations were recapitulated in the arsenic-treated skin equivalents (SEs). The SEs showed that arsenic increased epidermal thickness, induced abnormal proliferation, and increased ΔNp63 expression in squamous cells as compared with the control. Treatment of cultured normal human epidermal keratinocytes (HKCs) with arsenic increased CK14 and △Np63 expressions, but decreased TAp63 and CK10 expressions. Furthermore, knockdown of ΔNp63 by RNA interference abrogated arsenic-induced CK14 expression and recovered the reduction of TAp63 and CK10 caused by arsenic. These findings indicated that ΔNp63 is a pivotal regulator in the abnormal cell proliferation in arsenical cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-He Lu
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ting Liao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Lung Chang
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Lung Ke
- Graduate Institute of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Urology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Su Yu
- Department of Dermatology, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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23
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Yoshida M, Yokota E, Sakuma T, Yamatsuji T, Takigawa N, Ushijima T, Yamamoto T, Fukazawa T, Naomoto Y. Development of an integrated CRISPRi targeting ΔNp63 for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2018; 9:29220-29232. [PMID: 30018747 PMCID: PMC6044376 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.25678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
TP63 encodes TAp63, which is functionally similar to the tumor suppressor TP53, and ΔNp63, which lacks the transcription-activating domain of TAp63 and appears potently oncogenic in squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs). In this study, we developed an integrated CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system to selectively suppress ΔNp63 (CRISPRiΔNp63). We engineered this CRISPRi using tandemized guide RNA expression cassettes that targeted the 50 to 100 bp downstream of the transcription start site of ΔNp63 in combination with inactivated Cas9 linked to the transcription repression module Krüppel-associated box repressor domain. The plasmid vector harboring CRISPRiΔNp63 repressed ΔNp63 transcription in lung and esophageal SCC cells. Likewise, Ad-CRISPRiΔNp63, an all-in-one adenoviral vector containing the tandemized gRNAs and dCas9/KRAB expression cassette suppressed ΔNp63 expression in SCC cells. Ad-CRISPRiΔNp63 also effectively decreased cell proliferation and colony formation and induced apoptosis in lung and esophageal SCC cells in vitro and significantly inhibited tumor growth in a mouse lung SCC xenograft model in vivo. These results indicate that ΔNp63 suppression using CRISPRiΔNp63 may be an effective strategy for treating lung and esophageal SCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Yoshida
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 700-8505 Japan
| | - Etsuko Yokota
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 700-8505 Japan
| | - Tetsushi Sakuma
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8526 Japan
| | - Tomoki Yamatsuji
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 700-8505 Japan
| | - Nagio Takigawa
- Department of General Internal Medicine 4, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 700-8505 Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ushijima
- Division of Epigenomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tsukiji, Chuo-ku, Tokyo, 104-0045 Japan
| | - Takashi Yamamoto
- Department of Mathematical and Life Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, 739-8526 Japan
| | - Takuya Fukazawa
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 700-8505 Japan
| | - Yoshio Naomoto
- Department of General Surgery, Kawasaki Medical School, Okayama, 700-8505 Japan
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24
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Chen Y, Peng Y, Fan S, Li Y, Xiao ZX, Li C. A double dealing tale of p63: an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:965-973. [PMID: 28975366 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2666-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
As a member of tumor suppressor p53 family, p63, a gene encoding versatile protein variant, has been documented to correlate with cancer formation and progression, though it is rarely mutated in cancer patients. However, it has long been controversial on whether p63 is an oncogene or a tumor suppressor. Here, we comprehensively reviewed reports on roles of p63 in development, tumorigenesis and tumor progression. According to data from molecular cell biology, genetic models and clinic research, we conclude that p63 may act as either an oncogene or a tumor suppressor gene in different scenarios: TA isoforms of p63 gene are generally tumor-suppressive through repressing cell proliferation, survival and metastasis; ΔN isoforms, however, may initiate tumorigenesis via promoting cell proliferation and survival, but inhibit tumor metastasis and progression; effects of p63 on tumor formation and progression depend on the context of the whole p53 family, and either amplification or loss of p63 gene locus can break the balance to cause tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonglong Chen
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yougong Peng
- Department of General Surgery, The Second People's Hospital of Jingmen, Jingmen, 448000, China
| | - Shijie Fan
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Yimin Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Zhi-Xiong Xiao
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China
| | - Chenghua Li
- Center of Growth, Metabolism and Aging, Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, China.
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25
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Coates PJ, Nenutil R, Holcakova J, Nekulova M, Podhorec J, Svoboda M, Vojtesek B. p63 isoforms in triple-negative breast cancer: ΔNp63 associates with the basal phenotype whereas TAp63 associates with androgen receptor, lack of BRCA mutation, PTEN and improved survival. Virchows Arch 2018; 472:351-9. [PMID: 29484502 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-018-2324-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The TP63 gene encodes two major protein variants that differ in their N-terminal sequences and have opposing effects. In breast, ΔNp63 is expressed by immature stem/progenitor cells and mature myoepithelial/basal cells and is a characteristic feature of basal-like triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs). The expression and potential role of TAp63 in the mammary gland and breast cancers is less clear, partly due to the lack of studies that employ p63 isoform-specific antibodies. We used immunohistochemistry with ΔNp63-specific or TAp63-specific monoclonal antibodies to investigate p63 isoforms in 236 TNBCs. TAp63, but not ΔNp63, was seen in tumour-associated lymphocytes and other stromal cells. Tumour cells showed nuclear staining for ΔNp63 in 17% of TNBCs compared to 7.3% that were positive for TAp63. Whilst most TAp63+ tumours also contained ΔNp63+ cells, the levels of the two isoforms were independent of each other. ΔNp63 associated with metaplastic and medullary cancers, and with a basal phenotype, whereas TAp63 associated with androgen receptor, BRCA1/2 wild-type status and PTEN positivity. Despite the proposed effects of p63 on proliferation, Ki67 did not correlate with either p63 isoform, nor did they associate with p53 mutation status. ΔNp63 showed no association with patient outcomes, whereas TAp63+ patients showed fewer recurrences and improved overall survival. These findings indicate that both major p63 protein isoforms are expressed in TNBCs with different tumour characteristics, indicating distinct functional activities of p63 variants in breast cancer. Analysis of individual p63 isoforms provides additional information into TNBC biology, with TAp63 expression indicating improved prognosis.
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26
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Traver G, Mont S, Gius D, Lawson WE, Ding GX, Sekhar KR, Freeman ML. Loss of Nrf2 promotes alveolar type 2 cell loss in irradiated, fibrotic lung. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 112:578-586. [PMID: 28870520 PMCID: PMC5623074 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2017.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The development of radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis represents a critical clinical issue limiting delivery of therapeutic doses of radiation to non-small cell lung cancer. Identification of the cell types whose injury initiates a fibrotic response and the underlying biological factors that govern that response are needed for developing strategies that prevent or mitigate fibrosis. C57BL/6 mice (wild type, Nrf2 null, Nrf2flox/flox, and Nrf2Δ/Δ; SPC-Cre) were administered a thoracic dose of 12Gy and allowed to recover for 250 days. Whole slide digital and confocal microscopy imaging of H&E, Masson's trichrome and immunostaining were used to assess tissue remodeling, collagen deposition and cell renewal/mobilization during the regenerative process. Histological assessment of irradiated, fibrotic wild type lung revealed significant loss of alveolar type 2 cells 250 days after irradiation. Type 2 cell loss and the corresponding development of fibrosis were enhanced in the Nrf2 null mouse. Yet, conditional deletion of Nrf2 in alveolar type 2 cells in irradiated lung did not impair type 2 cell survival nor yield an increased fibrotic phenotype. Instead, radiation-induced ΔNp63 stem/progenitor cell mobilization was inhibited in the Nrf2 null mouse while the propensity for radiation-induced myofibroblasts derived from alveolar type 2 cells was magnified. In summary, these results indicate that Nrf2 is an important regulator of irradiated lung's capacity to maintain alveolar type 2 cells, whose injury can initiate a fibrotic phenotype. Loss of Nrf2 inhibits ΔNp63 stem/progenitor mobilization, a key event for reconstitution of injured lung, while promoting a myofibroblast phenotype that is central for fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geri Traver
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Stacey Mont
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - David Gius
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Driskill Graduate Program in Life Sciences, Department of Pharmacology, Robert Lurie Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - William E Lawson
- Division of Pulmonary & Critical Care, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37240, USA
| | - George X Ding
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Konjeti R Sekhar
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA
| | - Michael L Freeman
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.
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27
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Zhuang Z, Xie N, Hu J, Yu P, Wang C, Hu X, Han X, Hou J, Huang H, Liu X. Interplay between ΔNp63 and miR-138-5p regulates growth, metastasis and stemness of oral squamous cell carcinoma. Oncotarget 2017; 8:21954-21973. [PMID: 28423539 PMCID: PMC5400637 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
TP63 acts as a master regulator in epithelia development and in the progression of various cancers, but its role in oral cancer pathogenesis remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of TP63 in the progression of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). This study shows that ΔNp63, the predominant isoform of TP63, is significantly upregulated in OSCC tissues and cell lines compared with their normal counterparts, and its expression is closely correlated with pathological differentiation, lymph node metastasis and clinical stage in patients with OSCC. The overexpression of ΔNp63 promotes growth, metastasis and stem-like properties in OSCC cells, and ΔNp63 depletion significantly represses OSCC cellular phenotypes in vitro and in vivo. The ΔNp63 isoform transcriptionally suppresses miR-138-5p expression; restoration of miR-138-5p expression partially abolishes the effect of upregulating ΔNp63. This study also demonstrates that miR-138-5p directly targets ΔNp63, resulting in crosstalk with ΔNp63. The correlation between ΔNp63 and miR-138-5p was further validated in OSCC tissues and was found to be significantly associated with the prognosis of patients with OSCC. Therefore, our data reveal that the interplay between ΔNp63 and miR-138-5p promotes OSCC progression by regulating cell growth, metastasis and stemness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zehang Zhuang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nan Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral Pathology, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cheng Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xingxue Hu
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA.,Division of General Practice and Materials Science, The Ohio State University College of Dentistry, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Xiaozhe Han
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jinsong Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhang Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiqiang Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Guanghua School and Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
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28
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Ma X, Li L, Jia T, Chen M, Liu G, Li C, Li N, Yang D. miR-203a controls keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation via targeting the stemness-associated factor ΔNp63 and establishing a regulatory circuit with SNAI2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 491:241-249. [PMID: 28754589 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.07.131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Keratinocyte differentiation plays a pivotal role in the function of epidermal barrier and can be triggered by extracellular calcium in vitro and in vivo, but the precise mechanism still need to be further investigated. On the other hand, it is known that microRNAs control multiple biological events including cellular proliferation and differentiation. The present study demonstrated that miR-203a expression was upregulated in calcium-induced HaCaT Cells in a dose-dependent manner, whereas the stemness-associated factors SNAI2 and ΔNp63 were downregulated. Furthermore, SNAI2 and ΔNp63 were identified as the targets of miR-203a by computational prediction and luciferase reporter assays. The protein levels of SNAI2 and ΔNp63 were suppressed by ectopic expression of miR-203a. Functionally, silencing of miR-203a or overexpression of SNAI2 and ΔNp63 attenuated cell cycle arrest induced by calcium without any changes in cellular apoptosis. Additionally, ectopic expression of SNAI2 inhibited miR-203a in calcium-induced HaCaT cells, by binding to the promoter region of miR-203a. In conclusion, our findings demonstrate that miR-203a plays an essential role in keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation caused by extracellular calcium by targeting the SNAI2 and ΔNp63 genes. Furthermore, SNAI2 was found to suppress the transcription of miR-203a. Our data highlights a coherent cross-talk between two transcription factors (SNAI2 and ΔNp63) and miR-203a in keratinocyte differentiation and epidermal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Ma
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang Block, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang Block, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Tao Jia
- Department of Hand and Microsurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang Block, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Mingwei Chen
- Department of Anatomy, Harbin Medical University, 157 Baojian Road, Nangang Block, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Guofeng Liu
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang Block, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Chunyang Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang Block, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang Block, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Daping Yang
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, 246 Xuefu Road, Nangang Block, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China.
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Sakamoto T, Kawano S, Matsubara R, Goto Y, Jinno T, Maruse Y, Kaneko N, Hashiguchi Y, Hattori T, Tanaka S, Kitamura R, Kiyoshima T, Nakamura S. Critical roles of Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling in aggressiveness of tongue squamous cell carcinoma and production of matrix metalloproteinase-2 via ΔNp63β-mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Oral Oncol 2017; 69:15-25. [PMID: 28559016 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2017.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We previously showed that ΔNp63β, a splicing variant of ΔNp63, mediated EMT and affected cell motility. DNA microarray was thus performed to elucidate the mechanism that ΔNp63β affects cell motility. As the results, Wnt5a was significantly down-regulated by ΔNp63β overexpression in tongue SCC cell line (SQUU-B) with EMT phenotype. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven OSCC cell lines were used. Expression of ΔNp63, Wnt5a, its receptor Ror2, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) were analyzed by RT-PCR, real-time PCR, and western blotting, and gelatin zymography. Furthermore, we examined the effects of siRNA for Wnt5a or Ror2 and recombinant human Wnt5a (rhWnt5a) on motility of tongue SCC cells. Biopsy specimens from tongue SCC patients were used for immunohistochemical staining of Wnt5a and Ror2. RESULTS Wnt5a and Ror2 were expressed only in SQUU-B cells without ΔNp63 expression, and negatively associated with ΔNp63 expression in other cells. ΔNp63β overexpression in SQUU-B cells decreased Wnt5a and Ror2 expression. By Wnt5a or Ror2 knockdown, cell motility was remarkably inhibited, but EMT markers expression was unaffected. MMP-2 expression and the activities inversely correlated with ΔNp63 expression, and were inhibited by Wnt5a or Ror2 knockdown. Cell motility and MMP-2 activities were recovered by adding rhWnt5a in the cells with Wnt5a knockdown, but not in those with Ror2 knockdown. Moreover, immunohistochemical analyses in tongue SCC specimens found that high expression of Wnt5a or Ror2 was associated with poorer prognosis. CONCLUSION Wnt5a-Ror2 signaling enhanced tongue SCC cell aggressiveness and promoted production of MMP-2 following ΔNp63β-mediated EMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taiki Sakamoto
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Shintaro Kawano
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Ryota Matsubara
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yuichi Goto
- Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Rehabilitation, Course of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 8-35-1 Sakuragaoka, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan.
| | - Teppei Jinno
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yasuyuki Maruse
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Naoki Kaneko
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Yuma Hashiguchi
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Taichi Hattori
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Shoichi Tanaka
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Ryoji Kitamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Tamotsu Kiyoshima
- Laboratory of Oral Pathology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Seiji Nakamura
- Section of Oral and Maxillofacial Oncology, Division of Maxillofacial Diagnostic and Surgical Sciences, Faculty of Dental Science, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Zhao G, Cao Y, Zhu X, Tang X, Ding L, Sun H, Li J, Li X, Dai C, Ru T, Zhu H, Lu J, Lin C, Wang J, Yan G, Wang H, Wang L, Dai Y, Wang B, Li R, Dai J, Zhou Y, Hu Y. Transplantation of collagen scaffold with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells promotes functional endometrium reconstruction via downregulating ΔNp63 expression in Asherman's syndrome. Sci China Life Sci 2017; 60:404-16. [PMID: 27921235 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-0328-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Asherman's syndrome (AS) is a common disease that presents endometrial regeneration disorder. However, little is known about its molecular features of this aregenerative endometrium in AS and how to reconstruct the functioning endometrium for the patients with AS. Here, we report that ΔNp63 is significantly upregulated in residual epithelial cells of the impaired endometrium in AS; the upregulated-ΔNp63 induces endometrial quiescence and alteration of stemness. Importantly, we demonstrate that engrafting high density of autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMNCs) loaded in collagen scaffold onto the uterine lining of patients with AS downregulates ΔNp63 expression, reverses ΔNp63-induced pathological changes, normalizes the stemness alterations and restores endometrial regeneration. Finally, five patients achieved successful pregnancies and live births. Therefore, we conclude that ΔNp63 is a crucial therapeutic target for AS. This novel treatment significantly improves the outcome for the patients with severe AS.
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Coimbra EC, DA Conceição Gomes Leitão M, Júnior MRB, DE Oliveira THA, DA Costa Silva Neto J, DE Freitas AC. Expression Profile of MicroRNA-203 and its ΔNp63 Target in Cervical Carcinogenesis: Prospects for Cervical Cancer Screening. Anticancer Res 2016; 36:3939-3946. [PMID: 27466497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Host molecules disturbed by human papillomavirus (HPV) oncoproteins have been shown to be potential biomarkers of cervical carcinogenesis and represent an alternative or supplementary aid to cytological testing and HPV detection. The miR-203 and one of its targets, ΔNp63, are known to be host molecules that interact with each other to control the proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes; both have been found to be dysregulated in many cancers. As the role of p63 and miR-203 in cervical carcinogenesis is not yet well-understood, we have, thus, decided to evaluate the changes of expression of both in cervical carcinogenesis. MATERIALS AND METHODS This study was carried out by obtaining quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) data from cervical biopsies. RESULTS miR-203 and ΔNp63 displayed a similar expression pattern across cervical tissues and both targets showed statistically significant differences between low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) x high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL); HSIL x Cancer. Additionally, we did not observe an inverse correlation between ΔNp63 mRNA and miR-203 levels as expected but, rather, a positive correlation between cervical tissues. CONCLUSION Although preliminary, the expression levels of ΔNp63 mRNA and miR-203 seem to be promising for cervical cancer screening. In addition, positive correlation between miR-203 and ΔNp63 expression suggests the possible existence of some indirect pathways. However, further studies are needed to clarify the role of ΔNp63 and miR-203 in cervical carcinogenesis and, thus, determine how they can be applied in new strategies for diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane Campos Coimbra
- Biological Sciences Institute (ICB), University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Maria DA Conceição Gomes Leitão
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Marconi Rego Barros Júnior
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Talita Helena Araújo DE Oliveira
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Jacinto DA Costa Silva Neto
- Molecular and Cytological Research Laboratory, Department of Histology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Antonio Carlos DE Freitas
- Laboratory of Molecular Studies and Experimental Therapy (LEMTE), Department of Genetics, Center for Biological Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil
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Abstract
Defects in ribosome biogenesis are associated with a group of diseases called the ribosomopathies, of which Diamond-Blackfan anemia (DBA) is the most studied. Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal proteins (RPs) and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). RPs and multiple other factors are necessary for the processing of pre-rRNA, the assembly of ribosomal subunits, their export to the cytoplasm and for the final assembly of subunits into a ribosome. Haploinsufficiency of certain RPs causes DBA, whereas mutations in other factors cause various other ribosomopathies. Despite the general nature of their underlying defects, the clinical manifestations of ribosomopathies differ. In DBA, for example, red blood cell pathology is especially evident. In addition, individuals with DBA often have malformations of limbs, the face and various organs, and also have an increased risk of cancer. Common features shared among human DBA and animal models have emerged, such as small body size, eye defects, duplication or overgrowth of ectoderm-derived structures, and hematopoietic defects. Phenotypes of ribosomopathies are mediated both by p53-dependent and -independent pathways. The current challenge is to identify differences in response to ribosomal stress that lead to specific tissue defects in various ribosomopathies. Here, we review recent findings in this field, with a particular focus on animal models, and discuss how, in some cases, the different phenotypes of ribosomopathies might arise from differences in the spatiotemporal expression of the affected genes. Summary: This paper reviews recent data on Diamond Blackfan anemia and discusses them in connection with other ribosomopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Danilova
- Department of Molecular, Cell & Developmental Biology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Hanna T Gazda
- Division of Genetics and Genomics, The Manton Center for Orphan Disease Research, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Noda K, Mishina Y, Komatsu Y. Constitutively active mutation of ACVR1 in oral epithelium causes submucous cleft palate in mice. Dev Biol 2015; 415:306-313. [PMID: 26116174 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2015] [Revised: 05/23/2015] [Accepted: 06/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Cleft palate is among the most common human birth defects. Submucous cleft palate (SMCP) is a subgroup of cleft palate, which may be as common as overt cleft palate. Despite the high frequency of SMCP in humans, only recently have several animal models of SMCP begun to provide insight into the mechanisms by which SMCP develops. In this study, we show that enhanced BMP signaling through constitutively active ACVR1 in palatal epithelium causes submucous cleft palate in mice. In these mutant mice, the fusion of both palatal mesenchyme in hard palate, and muscles in soft palate were hampered by epithelial tissue. During palatal fusion, enhanced SMAD-dependent BMP signaling impaired cell death and altered cell proliferation rate in medial edge epithelium (MEE), and resulted in MEE persistence. At the molecular level, downregulation of ΔNp63, which is crucial for normal palatal fusion, in MEE cells was impaired, leading to a reduction in caspase-3 activation. Our study provides a new insight into the etiology of SMCP caused by augmented BMP signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Noda
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yuji Mishina
- Department of Biologic and Materials Science, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Yoshihiro Komatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Graduate Program in Genes and Development, The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Gailey MP, Bellizzi AM. Immunohistochemistry for the novel markers glypican 3, PAX8, and p40 ( ΔNp63) in squamous cell and urothelial carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol 2013; 140:872-80. [PMID: 24225756 DOI: 10.1309/ajcp4nskw5tlgtds] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) from diverse anatomic sites and invasive urothelial carcinomas (UCs) for expression of the oncofetal antigen glypican 3 (GPC3), the paired box transcription factor PAX8, and the ΔN isoform of p63 (p40). METHODS Immunohistochemistry for GPC3, PAX8, and p40 was performed on whole sections of 107 SCCs from 11 anatomic sites and 49 UCs; evaluation included extent and intensity of staining. RESULTS GPC3 was detected in 20% of SCCs and 12% of UCs and PAX8 in 3% of SCCs, limited to the uterine cervix, and 10% of UCs. p40 Was found in 99% of SCCs and 96% of UCs. CONCLUSIONS GPC3 expression is frequent in SCC/UC, awareness of which should guard against an incorrect diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma, while PAX8, limited in distribution, may have some use in suggesting a cervical or urothelial tract origin in a metastatic squamotransitional carcinoma of unknown primary. There is no drop-off in sensitivity for the diagnoses of SCC or UC with ΔNp63-specific immunohistochemistry, and if this performance can be extended to other applications, p40 may supplant the dominant "pan-p63" antibody clone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P. Gailey
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Andrew M. Bellizzi
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
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Li Y, Moretto-Zita M, Soncin F, Wakeland A, Wolfe L, Leon-Garcia S, Pandian R, Pizzo D, Cui L, Nazor K, Loring JF, Crum CP, Laurent LC, Parast MM. BMP4-directed trophoblast differentiation of human embryonic stem cells is mediated through a ΔNp63+ cytotrophoblast stem cell state. Development 2013; 140:3965-76. [PMID: 24004950 DOI: 10.1242/dev.092155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The placenta is a transient organ that is necessary for proper fetal development. Its main functional component is the trophoblast, which is derived from extra-embryonic ectoderm. Little is known about early trophoblast differentiation in the human embryo, owing to lack of a proper in vitro model system. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) differentiate into functional trophoblast following BMP4 treatment in the presence of feeder-conditioned media; however, this model has not been widely accepted, in part owing to a lack of proof for a trophoblast progenitor population. We have previously shown that p63, a member of the p53 family of nuclear proteins, is expressed in proliferative cytotrophoblast (CTB), precursors to terminally differentiated syncytiotrophoblast (STB) in chorionic villi and extravillous trophoblast (EVT) at the implantation site. Here, we show that BMP4-treated hESCs differentiate into bona fide CTB by direct comparison with primary human placental tissues and isolated CTB through gene expression profiling. We show that, in primary CTB, p63 levels are reduced as cells differentiate into STB, and that forced expression of p63 maintains cyclin B1 and inhibits STB differentiation. We also establish that, similar to in vivo events, hESC differentiation into trophoblast is characterized by a p63(+)/KRT7(+) CTB stem cell state, followed by formation of functional KLF4(+) STB and HLA-G(+) EVT. Finally, we illustrate that downregulation of p63 by shRNA inhibits differentiation of hESCs into functional trophoblast. Taken together, our results establish that BMP4-treated hESCs are an excellent model of human trophoblast differentiation, closely mimicking the in vivo progression from p63(+) CTB stem cells to terminally differentiated trophoblast subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingchun Li
- Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Nayak KB, Kuila N, Das Mohapatra A, Panda AK, Chakraborty S. EVI1 targets ΔNp63 and upregulates the cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor p21 independent of p53 to delay cell cycle progression and cell proliferation in colon cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2013; 45:1568-76. [PMID: 23665236 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2013.04.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Several lines of evidence suggest that specific transcriptional events are involved in cell cycle, proliferation and differentiation processes; however, their deregulation by proto-oncogenes are involved in the development of leukemia and tumors. One such proto-oncogene is ecotropic viral integration site I which can differentially effect cell cycle progression and proliferation, in cell types of different origin. Our data for the first time shows that ecotropic viral integration site I binds to ΔNp63 promoter element directly and down regulates its expression. Down regulation of ΔNp63 induces the expression of p21 in HT-29 cells and also in colon carcinoma cells that do not express p53 including patient samples expressing low level of p53, that eventually delay cell cycle progression at G0/G1 phase. Concomitant silencing of ecotropic viral integration site I from the cells or introduction of ΔNp63 to the cells significantly rescued this phenotype, indicating the growth defect induced by ΔNp63 deficiency to be, at least in part, attributable to ecotropic viral integration site I function. The mutual regulation between ecotropic viral integration site I and ΔNp63 may constitute a novel axis which might affect the downstream pathways in cells that do not express functional p53.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kasturi Bala Nayak
- Department of Gene Function and Regulation, Institute of Life Sciences, Nalco Square, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
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