A clinical and statistical study on enamel hypomineralization of the first permanent molar in the period of mixed dentition

BACKGROUND

The first permanent molar (FPM) is the first tooth in the permanent dentition that emerges in the oral cavity, at around the age of six and behind the deciduous teeth, thus converting the primary dentition into a mixed dentition. Its early formation represents a risk factor for the onset of hard dental tissues disorders, the most common being the molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH).

AIM

The aim of the study was to assess the hypomineralization type of developmental defects of enamel at FPM level during the mixed dentition stage, in a group of Romanian children.

PATIENTS, MATERIALS AND METHODS

The research was conducted on 87 patients, 44 females and 43 males, divided into the following age groups: 5-6 years, 6-7 years, 7-8 years, 8-9 years, 9-10 years, 10-11 years, 11-12 years and older than 12 years. All children were examined in the dental office by a pediatric dentist.

RESULTS

Of the subjects, 40.2% presented hypomineralization lesions on the FPM. Among the affected children, 62.9% were girls and 37.1% were boys. Mild forms were the most prevalent, being found in 71.4% of the affected subjects. Moderate forms were present in 22.9% and severe forms in 5.7% of the affected children. MIH prevalence significantly decreased with increasing age. Only two children belonging to the group 8-9 years and 10-11 years, respectively, showed severe MIH lesions. Statistically significant differences were determined in what regards the distribution of MIH children according to the severity of the lesions in relation to age (p=0.007).

CONCLUSIONS

Children 6- to 7-year-old have been the most affected by FPM hypomineralization, which indicates the need for early management of the disease, through a thorough diagnosis, and preventive and interceptive therapeutic approaches.

EVALUATION THE PREVALENCE OF MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE BACTERIA AMONG IRAQI PATIENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH PATIENTS' PREDICTIVE FACTORS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

OBJECTIVE

The aim: The study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of multidrug resistance bacteria (MDR),, it's types and explore the patient's predictive factors associated with it.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: The study was a cross-sectional observational study conducted in a microbiology lab in AL-Zahraa Teaching Hospital and Alsader Medical City, in Najaf Province, Iraq. The participants included patients presented with different kinds of infections and caused by organisms isolated from different sources. The patients had positive growth media were 304 out of total 475 patients.

RESULTS

Results: The data extraction sheet included the laboratory culture and sensitivity report and patient sociodemographic factors and risk factors. The study displayed an extremely high prevalence of MDR bacteria 88% and the prevalence of extensive drug resistance (XDR) was 23%, whereas Pan-drug resistance (PDR) prevalence was 2%. Specifically, Methicillin resistance Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA) was detected in 73% of the total patients infected with Staph. Bacteria. The prevalence of Extended spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) was reached to 56% among the patients infected with Enterobacteria, while carbap¬enem resistance (CR) was recorded in 25% of the patients infected with different kinds of bacteria. Only education level was significantly associated with the prevalence of MDR. Patients with (college/post-graduate) education were associated with a low incidence of MDR.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: A very high prevalence of multidrug resistance bacteria was noted in patients with a bacterial infection. Among all patients' characters, only higher education was associated with lower incidence.

PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS OF INFERTILITY IN UKRAINE: RESULTS A MULTICENTER STUDY (2019-2021)

OBJECTIVE

The aim: To assess the current prevalence and identify the risk factors for infertility among couples of reproductive age in Ukraine.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: We conducted a retrospective multicentre cohort study was based on reproductive health surveillance data among married populations from January 1st, 2019 to December 31st, 2021 in Ukraine. Definitions of infertility were used from the WHO.

RESULTS

Results: Among all the 6,885 participants in this study, the prevalence of infertility was 25.4%. The prevalence of primary infertility was 5.8%, and the prevalence of secondary infertility was 19.6%. The levels of infertility in the regions of Ukraine had significant differences. It was found that among those women who had primary infertility, more were from rural than urban, while for secondary infertility women the situation was reversed. Infertility was associated with age, history of gynecological surgery, decreased ovarian reserve, age of marriage, long-term air-conditioning environment, and history of endometriosis. There were differences among factors associated with infertility, primary infertility and secondary infertility. The factors associated with primary infertility were age of marriage, age of first sexual intercourse, long-term air-conditioning environment, decreased ovarian reserve and age. A factors associated with secondary infertility were history of gynecological surgery and decreased ovarian reserve.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: The results of this study revealed high level the prevalence rate of infertility among couples of reproductive age in Ukraine is high. This applies to both primary and secondary infertility of married women. The most women who had experienced infertility have not sought medical or professional help for the problem.

EPIDEMILOGY OF ENT DISORDERS IN ADULT POPULATION OF AGRICULTURAL REGION

OBJECTIVE

The aim:TostudyandanalyzeSumy region population morbidity dynamics taking into account current stage of medical reform. Sumy region here is represented as one of the main agricultural regions of Ukraine. The prevalence of ENT disorders (otolaryngologic diseases) was studied.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: During the study we used data of statistical report of Public Health Board, Sumy State Administration for the period from 2015 to 2019 years by administrative territories. Obtainedresults wereprocessed, usinggeneral statistics methodsandanalyzed, usingstructural-logicalanalysis.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: The study found that the morbidity rates of ENT disorders in adult population during the study period increased and had levels of 2113.0 and 122.1 per 100 thousand adult population, respectively, and the prevalence rates and the prevalence rates ofENT disorders among the adult population decreased , respectively to 167.7; 2113,0; 665.1 and 389.9. All indicators have reliable differences in terms of administrative territories of the region. The results of the study should be taken into account in the process of reforming the otolaryngological service in the region.

Middle-ear barotrauma after hyperbaric oxygen therapy: a five-year retrospective analysis on 2,610 patients

INTRODUCTION

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy is the use of oxygen or gas mixtures at a pressure above atmospheric pressure for therapeutic purposes. This treatment is used in numerous pathological processes. Its main side effect is middle ear barotrauma (MEB), which represents a great concern for iatrogenic HBO2 therapy. The aim of this work is to describe this adverse event in order to highlight clinical elements that can contribute to its prevention and management.

METHODS

We conducted a five-year retrospective study from January 2013 to December 2017, where 2,610 patients were selected, in the Hyperbaric Medicine Centre, Sainte- Marguerite Hospital of Marseille, France.

RESULTS

262 patients experienced MEB after HBO2, representing a prevalence of 10.04% and incidence of 0.587%. Their average age was 55 ± 19 years. Women were more affected than men. We have not highlighted a seasonality to this condition. Risk factors were: age older than 55 years, female gender, ear, nose and throat history (cancer, radiotherapy, infections or allergies, malformations or benign tumors), general history (smoking, obstructive breathing disorders, thyroid disorders and obesity), HBO2-approved indications of sudden deafness and delayed wound healing, and altered tympanic mobility on initial examination. Although the benign stages of Haines-Harris classification were the most encountered in our study, MEB was responsible for premature discontinuation of HBO2.

CONCLUSION

MEB is a common condition responsible for many premature discontinuations of HBO2. Its origin is multifactorial, associating non-modifiable and modifiable factors. Better management of this affection will further contribute to making HBO2 a low-risk treatment.

[Stroke as the first manifestation of atrial fibrillation]

Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common causes of ischaemic stroke, especially among the elderly. Cardiogenic stroke accounts for approximately 15-25& of all ischaemic strokes, depending on different studies. About 1/3 of all ischaemic strokes have an unknown cause and it is estimated that paroxysmal atrial fibrillation contributes to cryptogenic ischaemic strokes. De novo atrial fibrillation accounts for even over 20& of ischaemic strokes. The number of patients with atrial fibrillation has probably increased due to the aging of the population and more precise diagnostic procedures. Detection of atrial fibrillation is of great importance because ischaemic stroke due to atrial fibrillation is characterized by a tendency to recurrence, worse prognosis, longer hospitalization and higher mortality. Atrial fibrillation remains undiagnosed in a large percentage of cases. Holter ECG monitoring is most often used for diagnostic purposes. However, the diagnostic process should also include long-term Holter ECG monitoring because atrial fibrillation is detected only in a small percentage of cases when 24-h ECG monitoring is used. Our paper stresses the fact that the diagnosis of atrial fibrillation, particularly de novo, is very important for further therapeutic treatment i.e. the use of anticoagulants i.e. both the antagonists of vitamin K and NOACs.

[Addiction to alcohol and drugs among the population of transcarpathian region]

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: Alcohol and drugs are a factor that significantly affects the health of the population. The consequences of alcohol abuse and drug addiction are not only a medical, but also socio-economic problem. The aim: Study and analyze the morbidity indices of the population of Transcarpathian region for alcoholism, drug addiction and substance abuse and the prevalence of specified diseases.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: Statistical and bibliosemantic methods were applied in the course of study. The data of branch statistical reporting of Transcarpathian region for the period 2015-2017 were used as materials for research.

RESULTS

Review: A trend towards decreasing the indices of morbidity for alcoholism, alcoholic psychosis, drugs addiction and substance abuse, as well as decreasing the indices of prevalence of alcoholism, drugs addiction and substance abuse was registered in the region with the growth of the index of alcoholic psychoses prevalence. The specified indices have proved differences in terms of administrative areas of the region.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Indices of population morbidity for alcoholism, drugs addiction and substance abuse and the prevalence of specified diseases are the basis for the adoption of the target regional program with the given disease.

Dynamics of epidemiological indications of epilepsy prevalence, morbidity and disability among children in kharkiv region, Ukraine

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization, epilepsy is one of the most common diseases of the central nervous system, which affects 0.5 to 2% of the entire population The aim is comparison of prevalence, incidence and disability from nervous diseases and epilepsy among children of the Kharkiv region of Ukraine and the results are compared with global figures.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: Epidemiological indicators, namely the prevalence and incidence. For the comparative analysis, the statistical data of the last 5 years are used.

RESULTS

Review: The prevalence of epilepsy in Ukraine amounts to 25 695 children (3.21%), higher than the prevalence of cerebral palsy or neuroinfections, the average value for 5 years is 24 667 children (3.144%). In the Kharkiv region the number is 1 451 children (3.43%), 5-year average is 1 340 children (3.21%). The incidence of epilepsy in children in Ukraine is 3 306 children (0.43%), the average value for 5 years is 3 569 children (0.454%). In Kharkiv region the incidence is 252 persons (0.53%), an average is 201.2 children (0.468%).

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Reliable epidemiological indicators will make it possible to improve the system of rendering specialized medical care to children with epilepsy, carry out a pharmaco-economic analysis, calculation and estimation of the costs for patients' treatment, which is especially important in the framework of the health care system reformation. Thus, the compilation of patients' registers with epilepsy is one of the urgent tasks to optimize the medical care.

Post-stroke fatigue and its dimensions over the second half year after stroke

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: Post-stroke fatigue (PSF) is a common and often debilitating sequel of both ischemic and hemorrhagic strokes. The aim: Assess the rates and intensities of PSF over the second half year after stroke.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: There were examined 128 patients at 6, 9 and 12 months after ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke onset. PSF was measured by fatigue assessment scale (FAS), multidimensional fatigue inventory-20 (MFI-20) and fatigue severity scale (FSS). Distributions of continuous variables were checked by Shapiro-Wilk test. Parametric variables were represented as mean±standard deviation, non-parametric - as mediana (Me) and interquartile (25%-75%) range (Q1-Q3). Categorical data were represented by number (n) and percentage. The difference between the patients' proportions with PSF at definite time points after stroke onset was assessed using Cochran's Q-test. The Friedman F-test for repeated measurements was performed to analyze multiple non-parametric variables. When the Friedman F-test yielded a significant effect (p<0,05), it was followed by Dunnett's test for determination the differences between initial and subsequent measurements. A p-value <0,05 was considered statistically significant.

RESULTS

Results: According to FAS and MFI-20 "global fatigue" sub-scale, PSF rates over the second half year after stroke were statistically stable and were present, respectively, in 28,1% and 34,0% at 6 months, in 26,2% and 32,4% at 9 months, in and 32,0% and 30,5% cases at 12 months after stroke. Physical, mental, activity-related and motivational PSF domains, due to MFI-20 sub-scales, had roughly similar percentage without any significant dynamics over the studied period. According to FSS value ranks, proportions of patients with different levels of PSF impact on daily life were statistically stable over the studied post-stroke period. However, it has been revealed significant reduction of PSF intensities in physical and activity-related domains whereas severities of mental and motivational PSF aspects have been statistically increased.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Rates of PSF were stable over the second half year after stroke occurrence, however intensities of mental and motivational PSF domains have been statistically increased, whereas severities of physical and activity-related PSF domains have been significantly decreased.

The effects of diabetes mellitus on patients' oral health

OBJECTIVE

Introduction: According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the International Diabetic Federation (IDF) and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD), there is an annual increase in the number of diabetes mellitus patients. At the same time, the incidence and prevalence rate of major dental diseases in Ukraine remains high. Oral health is one of the direct measures indicators of the population's health. The aim: To study the features of the oral health status of diabetes mellitus patients, incidence and prevalence of dental caries, the extracted teeth rate; to assess the effect of oral health on quality of life.

PATIENTS AND METHODS

Materials and methods: A standard oral health survey of 220 female and male patients with diabetes mellitus aged 40 to 60 was conducted. The patients are under dispensary observation at the Vinnytsia Regional Endocrine Dispensary. Dental caries incidence and prevalence indices were calculated. A questionnaire survey of the patients was conducted to collect the information about the self-rating of oral health status, quality of life and social status. The statistical data were processed using Microsoft Excel. The assessment of significance of the surveyed indices difference was carried out using Student's test. Dynamics of morbidity in the surveyed group of patients was studied.

RESULTS

Results: The caries incidence rate by the DMFT Index for all the surveyed patients was high. Within the DMFT Index structure, in all age groups, conspicuous is a high percentage of extracted teeth. Dental caries prevalence comes to 100% in all surveyed groups; 78 % of the surveyed reported a pain-induced quality of life deterioration, discomfort or other oral problems.

CONCLUSION

Conclusions: Diabetes mellitus has a direct effect on oral health. The level of medical and preventive dental care for diabetes patients must be raised.

[Peculiarities of primary health care organization for patients suffering from chronic obstructive pulmonary disease jointly with coronary heart disease]

INTRODUCTION

Combination of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and coronary heart disease (CHD) leads to some difficulties for diagnostics and for prescription of complex differential treatment as well as increasings risk of complications from the illness and drug's side effects.

AIM

To develope peculiarities of Primary Health Care (PHC) organisation for patients suffering from COPD jointly with CHD; and to improve the patients surveillance for optimization of early diagnosis of named join pathology and well-timed prescription of appropriate health-promoting treatment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The COPD and CHD morbidity in Chernivtsi region and prevalence of CHD in 955 hospital cases were analyzed. Health survey of 241 patients of age more than 40 years was conducted according to Questionnaire for COPD primary monitoring on an outpatient basis.

RESULTS

The decreasing of COPD detection (-15%) and decreasing of CHD morbidity (-7,7%) were observed in 2015. Primary disablement due to pulmonary diseases across the employable population increased on 28,8%. Analyses of smoking prevalence across the man older 40 years show that 97 (40,2%) of persons are smokers. Risk of COPD symptoms appearance in man older 40 was in more than 6 times bigger for smokers in comparison with non-smoking persons. CHD happens reliably more often (72,5%) in patients suffering from COPD of age 49-50 who smoke comparatively to non-smoking patients (48,7).

CONCLUSIONS

An obligatory COPD primary monitoring in population risk groups and well-timed CHD diagnosis are main peculiarities of PHC organization for patients suffering from COPD jointly with CHD on primary health care level. Improvement of the surveillance for patients suffering from COPD jointly with CHD is also important on all population's health care levels.

[Cancer-Related Posttraumatic Stress Symptoms in Patients With Cancer]

At least half of patients with cancer experience emotional distress (e.g., posttraumatic stress symptoms). Most of the studies on the emotional distress of Taiwanese cancer patients have focused on issues of depression rather than on posttraumatic stress disorder. The scope of the present article covers the definitions of cancer-related posttraumatic stress disorder (CR-PTSD) and cancer-related posttraumatic stress symptoms (CR-PTSS), identifies the differences and similarities between professional interview and self-administered measurement tools and their applications; analyzes the prevalence of CR-PTSD and CR-PTSS; identifies the possible contributing sociodemographic (younger age, female, low education, low socio-economic status), clinical (advanced stage, undergoing chemotherapy, just completed the therapy), and psychosocial (negative psychological traits, poor social support, and insufficient coping strategies) of CR-PTSD and CR-PTSS; and aggregates the effects of cognitive and psychosocial interventions on CR-PTSD and CR-PTSS. Furthermore, recommendations for clinical practice and research are discussed. This article is expected to provide practicing nurses with a basic concept of caring for emotional distress and to inspire researchers to conduct further study of issues related to CR-PTSD and CR-PTSS.