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Donovan P, O'Connor P. The confidence and competence of primary school staff to administer an adrenaline auto-injector. Eur J Pediatr 2024:10.1007/s00431-024-05562-y. [PMID: 38609653 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-024-05562-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
School teachers are often inadequately prepared to use an adrenaline auto-injector (AAI), resulting in potentially dangerous treatment delays. The purpose of this study was to assess the observed competence, and self-reported confidence, of primary school teachers in the Republic of Ireland (RoI) to use an AAI. An evaluation of whether there was a link between confidence and competence was also assessed. Teachers from four primary schools in the RoI completed a questionnaire to assess their prior level of experience, training, and confidence levels with AAI administration. The four steps in administrating trainer AAI to a mannequin simulator were then assessed. A total of 61 teachers participated (out of a population of 80). The mean self-reported confidence was 1.82 out of 5 (SD = 0.96). There was no significant difference in confidence between trained and untrained participants (U = 240.5, NS). Participants who had received AAI administration training performed significantly more of the steps correctly (mean = 3.85, SD = 0.95) as compared to those who had received no training (mean = 2.97, SD = 1.10; U = 180.5, p = 0.008). There was no correlation between confidence in administrating AAI and the percentage of steps in the procedure performed correctly (rho = -0.17, NS). Conclusion: Improvements in readiness to administer AAIs can be achieved through the application of more effective approaches to teaching clinical skills, changes to school policies and practices, and consideration of the design of AAIs in order to make their operation safer and simpler. It is important that teachers have the confidence and competence to safely administer an AAI. What is Known: • Poor ability in adrenaline auto-injector use seen across population groups-healthcare professionals, patients, carers, and school staff • Training in the use of adrenaline auto-injectors has positive impact on competency What is New: • Irish school teachers show poor levels of competency in adrenaline auto-injector use • No observed correlation between reported confidence and competency.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Donovan
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P O'Connor
- School of Medicine, University of Galway, Galway, Ireland.
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2
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Dell PF. What is the Source of Hypnotic Responses? Int J Clin Exp Hypn 2024; 72:64-83. [PMID: 38060715 DOI: 10.1080/00207144.2023.2276846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The author proposes that hypnosis is a culture-bound concept that has misattributed - to suggestion and hypnosis - the functioning of a natural, freestanding, human ability to alter personal experience. The 18th-century attribution of these phenomena (to the suggestions of a magnetizer) continues today because science and Western culture still do not explicitly acknowledge that humans possess a natural capacity to intentionally alter their own experiences. Like every other human ability (e.g. athletic, artistic, musical, mathematical, etc.), utilization of the natural human ability to intentionally alter one's personal experience does not require suggestion, trance, or hypnotic induction. This ability has been studied for over 200 years under the conceptual aegis of suggestibility and hypnosis. As a consequence, the phenomena of this freestanding ability have been veiled and conflated with hypnosis, suggestion, suggestibility, and hypnotizability. One serious consequence of this conflation is an underdeveloped, nomological network of hypnosis-centric concepts that has impeded the integration of hypnosis with the rest of science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul F Dell
- Churchland Psychological Center, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
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3
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Zhang L, Huang YL, Wu XQ, Liu CY, Zhang XL, Yang XY, Lai HM, Fu J, Yang MF. The impact of virtual clinical simulation on nursing students' palliative care knowledge, ability, and attitudes: A mixed methods study. Nurse Educ Today 2024; 132:106037. [PMID: 37976886 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2023.106037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Palliative care is fraught with numerous challenges when it comes to conducting practical teaching as it involves caring for people facing the complexities of end-of-life and death. Insufficient clinical practice hinders nursing students from mastering knowledge, attitude and ability of hospice care. Virtual clinical simulation has demonstrated its effectiveness as a valuable educational tool in nursing. However, there is a dearth of evidence supporting its utilization in the context of palliative care practice education. OBJECTIVE To develop a virtual clinical simulation education system and assess its impact on enhancing nursing students' knowledge, ability, and attitudes toward palliative care. DESIGN A single-group pretest-posttest design and focus group interviews were employed. SETTING The study was conducted at a medical university in southwest China. PARTICIPANTS A total of 76 third-year nursing students participated. METHODS Participants underwent a 1-hour learning session using the virtual clinical simulation education system. Pre-test and post-test evaluations were conducted to assess the participants' knowledge, ability, and attitudes toward palliative care. Survey questionnaire was administered to gauge the students' acceptance and perception of virtual clinical simulation. Focus group interviews were integrated to gain insight into students' subjective perceptions and feedback on the virtual clinical simulation. RESULTS There were notable enhancements in the students' overall scores of palliative care knowledge, ability, and attitudes after the learning session. Students positively evaluated the usefulness and usability of virtual clinical simulation. Students' feedback regarding virtual clinical simulation can be categorized into four themes: the value of virtual clinical simulation education system, its role as a complement to clinical practice teaching, the enjoyment and accessibility of learning, and the technological challenges encountered. CONCLUSION Virtual clinical simulation is an effective learning tool in palliative care practice education, which has the potential to enhance students' knowledge, ability, and attitudes toward palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yue-Lin Huang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China; Department of Cardiology, Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Wu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chun-Yan Liu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Li Zhang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yu Yang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | | | - Jing Fu
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
| | - Mei-Fang Yang
- School of Nursing, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.
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4
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Nihei S, Ogawa M, Hashimoto Y, Kikuchi N, Nakazato K, Okamoto T. Arterial stiffness and physical fitness on cognitive function in community-dwelling middle-aged and older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2023; 35:1845-1854. [PMID: 37329475 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02470-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study examined whether decline in cognitive function is related to arterial stiffness and reduction in physical fitness in middle-aged and older adults. METHODS A total of 1554 healthy middle-aged and older adults participated in this study. The trail making test parts-A (TMT-A) and B (TMT-B), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), grip strength, the 30-s chair stand (CS-30) test, the 6-min walk (6MW) test, the 8-foot up-and-go (8UG) test and gait assessment were performed. Participants were classified into a middle-aged group (40-64 years; mean, 50.4 ± 0.2 years) or an older group (≥ 65 years; mean, 73.1 ± 0.5 years), as well as into three cognition (COG) groups (high, moderate, and low) based on median TMT-A and -B scores (high scores on both, either, or neither TMT-A and -B, respectively). RESULTS The results revealed that baPWV was significantly lower in the high-than in the moderate- and low-COG groups in both middle-aged and older adults (P < 0.05). In addition, except for a few parameters (e.g., 6MW test in middle-aged adults), physical fitness was significantly higher in the high-than in the moderate- and low-COG groups in both middle-aged and older adults (P < 0.05). Multivariate regression analysis revealed that baPWV (P < 0.05) and some physical fitness indicators (grip strength, CS-30, and 8UG) were significantly independently associated with both TMT-A and -B in the middle-aged and older groups (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION These results suggest that increased arterial stiffness and reduced physical fitness are associated with impaired cognitive function in middle-aged and older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Madoka Ogawa
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
- Department of Sport Science and Research, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuto Hashimoto
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Naoki Kikuchi
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Koichi Nakazato
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan
| | - Takanobu Okamoto
- Research Institute of Sports Science, Nippon Sport Science University, 7-1-1, Fukasawa, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 158-8508, Japan.
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Kearl T. What we know when we act. Philos Stud 2023; 180:2665-2683. [PMID: 37662849 PMCID: PMC10471674 DOI: 10.1007/s11098-023-01997-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Two traditions in action theory offer different accounts of what distinguishes intentional action from mere behavior. According to the causalist tradition, intentional action has certain distinguished causal antecedents, and according to the Anscombian tradition, intentional action has certain distinguished epistemological features. I offer a way to reconcile these ostensibly conflicting accounts of intentional action by way of appealing to "ability-constituting knowledge". After explaining what such knowledge is, and in particular its relationship to inadvertent virtue and knowledge-how, I suggest that, among other things, appealing to ability-constituting knowledge can help us flesh out what it is for an agent's reasons to non-deviantly cause and sustain her purposive behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Kearl
- COGITO Epistemology Research Centre, University of Glasgow, 67-69 Oakfield Avenue, Glasgow, G3 8LP UK
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6
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Mulder TA, van de Velde T, Dokter E, Boekestijn B, Olgers TJ, Bauer MP, Hierck BP. Unravelling the skillset of point-of-care ultrasound: a systematic review. Ultrasound J 2023; 15:19. [PMID: 37074526 PMCID: PMC10115919 DOI: 10.1186/s13089-023-00319-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The increasing number of physicians that are trained in point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) warrants critical evaluation and improvement of current training methods. Performing POCUS is a complex task and it is unknown which (neuro)cognitive mechanisms are most important in competence development of this skill. This systematic review was conducted to identify determinants of POCUS competence development that can be used to optimize POCUS training. METHODS PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Emcare, PsycINFO and ERIC databases were searched for studies measuring ultrasound (US) skills and aptitude. The papers were divided into three categories: "Relevant knowledge", "Psychomotor ability" and 'Visuospatial ability'. The 'Relevant knowledge' category was further subdivided in 'image interpretation', 'technical aspects' and 'general cognitive abilities'. Visuospatial ability was subdivided in visuospatial subcategories based on the Cattell-Horn-Carroll (CHC) Model of Intelligence v2.2, which includes visuospatial manipulation and visuospatial perception. Post-hoc, a meta-analysis was performed to calculate pooled correlations. RESULTS 26 papers were selected for inclusion in the review. 15 reported on relevant knowledge with a pooled coefficient of determination of 0.26. Four papers reported on psychomotor abilities, one reported a significant relationship with POCUS competence. 13 papers reported on visuospatial abilities, the pooled coefficient of determination was 0.16. CONCLUSION There was a lot of heterogeneity in methods to assess possible determinants of POCUS competence and POCUS competence acquisition. This makes it difficult to draw strong conclusions on which determinants should be part of a framework to improve POCUS education. However, we identified two determinants of POCUS competence development: relevant knowledge and visuospatial ability. The content of relevant knowledge could not be retrieved in more depth. For visuospatial ability we used the CHC model as theoretical framework to analyze this skill. We could not point out psychomotor ability as a determinant of POCUS competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tessa A Mulder
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Tim van de Velde
- Department of Neuropsychology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eveline Dokter
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bas Boekestijn
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tycho J Olgers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martijn P Bauer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Beerend P Hierck
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Center for Innovation of Medical Education, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Sciences-Anatomy and Physiology, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Kim J, Liu R. A tale of tails: Nonlinear effects of ability rank on adolescent psychological well-being. Soc Sci Res 2023; 111:102856. [PMID: 36898794 DOI: 10.1016/j.ssresearch.2023.102856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Previous literature has documented the effect of cognitive ability on adolescent psychological well-being. This study extends this line of research by revealing the nonlinear effect of a student's ability rank within the peer group on adolescent depression. Using a nationally representative longitudinal survey of U.S. adolescents, we leverage a quasi-experimental research design to show that controlling for absolute ability, students with lower ability ranks are more likely to develop depressive symptoms. Moreover, this effect is nonlinear and more pronounced at the top and bottom of the ability distribution. We further examine two mediation mechanisms: social comparison and social relations. Results show that social comparison partly mediate the ability rank effect on depression at the top and bottom of the ability distribution; social relations, particularly care from teachers, partly mediate the rank effect at the top of the ability distribution. Findings may help design targeted initiatives to address adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinho Kim
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Center for Demography of Health and Aging, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
| | - Ran Liu
- Department of Educational Policy Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
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8
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Furnham A, Sherman RA. Beliefs about personal change. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 232:103821. [PMID: 36566611 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2022.103821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
In all, 510 Europeans completed an online questionnaire rating their beliefs about personal change, including the established Dweck Mindset measure. Their ratings of 27 characteristics from BMI to sexual preference factored into 5 interpretable factors labelled Personality, Beliefs and Habits, Health, Social Status and Physical. Correlation indicated beliefs about change were most related to religious beliefs but also sex and age. Dweck ratings of ability and personality growth were logically related to beliefs about change on the five factors and also to religious beliefs and self-rated optimism. Regressions indicated that being religious was the most consistent predictor about change, as well as age and education. Many beliefs about change were in direct contraction to the academic literature on the topic. Implications and limitations are acknowledged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Furnham
- Department of Leadership and Organisational Behaviour, Norwegian Business School (BI), Norway.
| | - Ryne A Sherman
- Hogan Assessment Systems, Tulsa, OK, United States of America
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9
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Lillywhite B, Wolbring G. Auditing the impact of artificial intelligence on the ability to have a good life: using well-being measures as a tool to investigate the views of undergraduate STEM students. AI Soc 2023:1-16. [PMID: 36619527 PMCID: PMC9810249 DOI: 10.1007/s00146-022-01618-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
AI/ML increasingly impacts the ability of humans to have a good life. Various sets of indicators exist to measure well-being/the ability to have a good life. Students play an important role in AI/ML discussions. The purpose of our study using an online survey was to learn about the perspectives of undergraduate STEM students on the impact of AI/ML on well-being/the ability to have a good life. Our study revealed that many of the abilities participants perceive to be needed for having a good life were part of the well-being/ability to have a good life indicator lists we gave to participants. Participants perceived AI/ML to have and continue to have the most positive impact on the ability to have a good life for disabled people, elderly people, and individuals with a high income and the least positive impact for people of low income and countries from the global south. Regarding indicators of well-being and the ability to have a good life given to participants, we found a significant techno-positive sentiment. 30% of respondents selected the purely positive box for 28 of the indicators and none did so for the purely negative box. For 52 indicators, the purely negative was below 10% (not counting the 0%) and for 10 indicators, none selected purely negative. Our findings suggest that our questions might be valuable tools to develop an inventory of STEM and other students' perspectives on the implications of AI/ML on the ability to have a good life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brielle Lillywhite
- Department of Chemical and Petroleum Engineering, Schulich School of Engineering, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB Canada
| | - Gregor Wolbring
- Department of Community Health Sciences, Community Rehabilitation and Disability Studies, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1 Canada
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10
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Fioravanti F, Delbianco F, Tohmé F. The relative importance of ability, luck and motivation in team sports: a Bayesian model of performance in the English Rugby Premiership. STAT METHOD APPL-GER 2022; 32:1-17. [PMID: 36532203 PMCID: PMC9734849 DOI: 10.1007/s10260-022-00677-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Results in contact sports like Rugby are mainly interpreted in terms of the ability and/or luck of teams. But this neglects the important role of the motivation of players, reflected in the effort exerted in the game. Here we present a Bayesian hierarchical model to infer the main features that explain score differences in rugby matches of the English Premiership Rugby 2020/2021 season. The main result is that, indeed, effort (seen as a ratio between the number of tries and the scoring kick attempts) is highly relevant to explain outcomes in those matches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Fioravanti
- Instituto de Matemática de Bahía Blanca, CONICET - UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Matemática, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Fernando Delbianco
- Instituto de Matemática de Bahía Blanca, CONICET - UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Economía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
| | - Fernando Tohmé
- Instituto de Matemática de Bahía Blanca, CONICET - UNS, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
- Departamento de Economía, Universidad Nacional del Sur, Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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11
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Gold JM, Luck SJ. Working Memory in People with Schizophrenia. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2022; 63:137-152. [PMID: 35915383 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Working memory (WM) refers to the ability to maintain a small number of representations in an activated, easily accessible state for a short period of time in the service of ongoing cognitive processing and behavior. Because WM is a resource critical for multiple forms of complex cognition and executive control of behavior, it is of central interest in the study of disorders such as schizophrenia that involve a broad compromise of cognitive function and in the regulation of goal-directed behavior. There is now robust evidence that WM impairment is characteristic of people with schizophrenia. The impairment includes both elementary storage capacity as well as more complex forms of WM that involve the manipulation and updating of WM representations. These impairments appear to underlie a substantial portion of the generalized cognitive deficit in schizophrenia. Neuroimaging studies have implicated widespread abnormalities in the broad neural system that subserves WM performance, consistent with the evidence of broad cognitive impairment seen in PSZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- James M Gold
- Maryland Psychiatric Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Steven J Luck
- Center for Mind & Brain and Department of Psychology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
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12
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Ebrahimi H, Hosseinzadeh M, Seifi Saray R, Wilson M, Namdar Areshtanab H. Ability of older adults to recognize cognitive changes and its relationship with mental health: a cross-sectional study. BMC Geriatr 2022; 22:402. [PMID: 35525932 PMCID: PMC9077964 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-022-03096-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION With rising age, the incidence of physical and mental problems increases. Physiological and social changes occur across the lifespan that can affect an individual's health and ability. The present study was aimed to determine older adult's ability to recognize cognitive changes and its relation with mental health status. MATERIALS AND METHODS A descriptive correlational design was used to recruit 423 older adults who were referred to health centers in Tabriz, Iran in 2019 to receive primary health care. A systematic random sampling method was used for selecting participants. Data collection tools included a demographic-social questionnaire, General Health Questionnaire for assessing mental health (with 4 subscales) and a questionnaire of ability to recognize cognitive changes (with 8 sub-scales). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. RESULTS The mean score of mental health of the older adults was 56.35 (8.40) which shows moderately impaired mental health. The most impaired aspect of mental health detected was the social function dimension 13.20 (2.67). The average of the total ability score was 41.19 (4.78) and the physical strength dimension had the highest average of 9.08 (1.80) and the empowerment obligation dimension had the lowest average of 3.06 (1.08). There was significant relationship between dimensions of depression (r = 0.21, p < 0.001), anxiety (r = 0.1, p = 0.04) and social functioning (r = 0.17), p < 0.001) with the ability to recognize cognitive changes of the older adults. CONCLUSION Negative mood states and social functioning were associated with the ability to recognize cognitive changes in this population of older adults. This sample exhibited moderately impaired mental health status and relatively large burdens of untreated affective symptoms. Although causality cannot be determined with this cross-sectional design, use of social programs to keep older adults mentally active, as well as cognitive rehabilitation programs could be tested with longitudinal designs for their impact on cognitive change recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Ebrahimi
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mina Hosseinzadeh
- Department of Community Health Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reihaneh Seifi Saray
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Marian Wilson
- Washington State University College of Nursing, Spokane, Washington, USA
| | - Hossein Namdar Areshtanab
- Department of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, Nursing and Midwifery Faculty, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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Abstract
We sought to determine whether an objective test of musical ability could be successfully administered online. A sample of 754 participants was tested with an online version of the Musical Ear Test (MET), which had Melody and Rhythm subtests. Both subtests had 52 trials, each of which required participants to determine whether standard and comparison auditory sequences were identical. The testing session also included the Goldsmiths Musical Sophistication Index (Gold-MSI), a test of general cognitive ability, and self-report questionnaires that measured basic demographics (age, education, gender), mind-wandering, and personality. Approximately 20% of the participants were excluded for incomplete responding or failing to finish the testing session. For the final sample (N = 608), findings were similar to those from in-person testing in many respects: (1) the internal reliability of the MET was maintained, (2) construct validity was confirmed by strong associations with Gold-MSI scores, (3) correlations with other measures (e.g., openness to experience, cognitive ability, mind-wandering) were as predicted, (4) mean levels of performance were similar for individuals with no music training, and (5) musical sophistication was a better predictor of performance on the Melody than on the Rhythm subtest. In sum, online administration of the MET proved to be a reliable and valid way to measure musical ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Isabel Correia
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av.ª das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margherita Vincenzi
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av.ª das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Patrícia Vanzella
- Center for Mathematics, Computing, and Cognition, Universidade Federal do ABC, Santo Andre, Brazil
| | - Ana P Pinheiro
- CICPSI, Faculdade de Psicologia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - César F Lima
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av.ª das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisboa, Portugal.
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, London, UK.
| | - E Glenn Schellenberg
- Centro de Investigação e Intervenção Social (CIS-IUL), Instituto Universitário de Lisboa (ISCTE-IUL), Av.ª das Forças Armadas, 1649-026, Lisboa, Portugal
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto Mississauga, Mississauga, Canada
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Bjelica B, Peric S, Bozovic I, Jankovic M, Brankovic M, Palibrk A, Rakocevic Stojanovic V. Quality of life in hereditary neuropathy with li ability to pressure palsies is as impaired as in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 1A. Acta Neurol Belg 2021; 121:1481-6. [PMID: 32335868 DOI: 10.1007/s13760-020-01355-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To date, only one study assessed quality of life (QoL) in patients with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). We aimed to fill in this gap by investigating QoL in a cohort of patients with HNPP compared to Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 1A (CMT1A) patients, as well as to analyze sociodemographic and clinical features associated with QoL in HNPP. Eighteen genetically confirmed HNPP patients were age-and gender-matched with 18 CMT1A patients. SF-36 questionnaire was used to assess QoL. Medical Research Council (MRC) Sum Score, CMT Neuropathy Score (CMTNS), Overall Neuropathy Limitation Scale Score (ONLS), Falls Efficacy Score (FES), Visual Analog Pain Scale, Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) were also used in our study. Although HNPP patients were less clinically impaired, no difference was observed in these two cohorts regarding SF-36 scores. Worse QoL in HNPP patients was associated with lower education (p < 0.01), physical work (p < 0.05), higher number of clinically affected nerves during the disease course (p < 0.01), worse MRC-SS score (p < 0.01), worse ONLS score (p < 0.01), and with more severe pain (p < 0.01), depression (p < 0.01), and fatigue (p < 0.01). Worse pain at the moment of testing appeared as a significant independent predictor of worse QoL in HNPP patients (β = - 0.93, p < 0.001). QoL was similarly impaired in patients with HNPP and patients with CMT1A. We identified different factors associated with QoL in HNPP, and many of these factors are amenable to treatment which is of special interest in these still incurable disease.
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Robin N, Coudevylle GR, Dominique L, Rulleau T, Champagne R, Guillot A, Toussaint L. Translation and validation of the movement imagery questionnaire-3 second French version. J Bodyw Mov Ther 2021; 28:540-546. [PMID: 34776192 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Motor imagery (MI) can be defined as the mental simulation of an action without performing it. Its effectiveness can be substantially influenced by imagery ability, and it is currently accepted that three main modalities are used in MI (kinaesthetic imagery, and internal or external visual imageries). In the context of rehabilitation, MI combined with physical therapy is further known to facilitate functional improvements, and promote cortical reorganization and long-term recovery. This study aimed to test the reproducibility and the validity of constructs (internal consistency and factorial structure) of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-3 Second French version (MIQ-3Sf). METHOD The internal consistency as well as the validity of constructs and the test-retest inter-rate reproducibility of the MIQ-3Sf was examined, in 553 participants, for the kinaesthetic and visual items. RESULTS The composite reliability scores (≥0.92) and the intraclass correlation coefficients (>0.88) for the kinaesthetic, internal visual and external visual imagery subscales revealed satisfactory internal consistency and reproducibility. Moreover, Pearson correlations revealed a strong relationship between the MIQ-3Sf and the MIQ-3f. CONCLUSIONS /Implications. The MIQ-3Sf can be considered as a valid, reliable and useful questionnaire for examining MI ability in the context of rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Robin
- Laboratoire « Adaptation au Climat Tropical, Exercice & Santé », Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Pointe-à-Pitre, Université des Antilles, France.
| | - Guillaume R Coudevylle
- Laboratoire « Adaptation au Climat Tropical, Exercice & Santé », Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Pointe-à-Pitre, Université des Antilles, France
| | - Laurent Dominique
- UFR Sciences de l'homme et de l'environnement, département STAPS, Université de la Réunion, France
| | - Thomas Rulleau
- Unité de Recherche Clinique, Centre Hospitalier Départemental de La Roche sur Yon, France
| | - Romain Champagne
- Service de Médecine Physique et Réadaptation, Les Capucins, Angers, France
| | - Aymeric Guillot
- Laboratoire Interuniversitaire de Biologie de la Motricité, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Lyon, France
| | - Lucette Toussaint
- Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l'Apprentissage, Faculté des Sciences du Sport de Poitiers, Université de Poitiers, Poitiers, France
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16
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Beattie KL, Hill A, Horswill MS, Grove PM, Stevenson ARL. Aptitude and attitude: predictors of performance during and after basic laparoscopic skills training. Surg Endosc 2021; 36:3467-3479. [PMID: 34370121 PMCID: PMC8351236 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-021-08668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Manual dexterity and visual-spatial ability are considered key to the development of superior laparoscopic skills. Nevertheless, these abilities do not reliably explain all the variance found in the technical performance of surgical trainees. Consequently, we must look beyond these abilities to improve our understanding of laparoscopic skills and to better identify/develop surgical potential earlier on. Purpose To assess the individual and collective impact of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological variables on performance during and after basic simulation-based laparoscopic skills training. Method Thirty-four medical students (laparoscopic novices) completed a proficiency-based laparoscopic skills training program (using either a 2D or 3D viewing mode). This was followed by one testing session, a follow-up testing session with new (yet similar) tasks, and a series of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological measures. Results The statistical models that best predicted variance in training performance metrics included four variables: viewingmode (2D vs 3D), psychologicalflexibility, perceivedtaskdemands, and manualdexterity (bimanual). In subsequent testing, a model that included viewingmode and manualdexterity (assembly) best predicted performance on the pre-practiced tasks. However, for a highly novel, spatially complex laparoscopic task, performance was best predicted by a model that comprised viewingmode, visual-spatialability, and perceivedtaskdemands. At follow-up, manualdexterity (assembly) alone was the best predictor of performance on new (yet similar) tasks. Conclusion By focussing exclusively on physical/cognitive abilities, we may overlook other important predictors of surgical performance (e.g. psychological variables). The present findings suggest that laparoscopic performance may be more accurately explained through the combined effects of physical, cognitive, visual, and psychological variables. Further, the results suggest that the predictors may change with both task demands and the development of the trainee. This study highlights the key role of psychological skills in overcoming initial training challenges, with far-reaching implications for practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty L Beattie
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
| | - Andrew Hill
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Clinical Skills Development Service, Metro North Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
- Minerals Industry Safety and Health Centre, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark S Horswill
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Philip M Grove
- School of Psychology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Andrew R L Stevenson
- School of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Department of Colon and Rectal Surgery, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Huang Y, Luo X, Liu D, Du S, Yan A, Tang L. Pest control ability, technical guidance, and pesticide overuse: evidence from rice farmers in rural China. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:39587-39597. [PMID: 33761074 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-13607-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pesticide overuse is still prevalent in many developing countries. And improving farmers' pest control ability is considered to be the key to achieve pesticide reduction. Based on the survey data of 822 rice farmers from Hubei, Jiangxi, and Zhejiang provinces in the Yangtze River Basin, we demonstrated the impact of pest control ability and technical guidance on farmers' pesticide overuse. We find that rice farmers' insufficient pest control ability does not necessarily lead to pesticide overuse, which depends on whether there is external technical guidance. The technical guidance of government agrotechnical stations and pesticide retailers can weaken pesticide overuse caused by lack of personal ability. In terms of sample, variable and method substitution, the above estimated results are still robust. In addition, we find that different subjects and links of pesticide technical guidance will bring different impacts. The technical guidance of agrotechnical stations mainly plays a role in the time and type of pesticide application, while the pesticide retailers mainly play a role in the time and dosage of pesticide application. This paper emphasizes that strengthening the guidance and regulation of pesticide technology guidance subject is also an efficient way of pesticide reduction. This will help to improve the effect of agricultural extension and accelerate the realization of pesticide reduction target in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanzhong Huang
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
- Rural Sustainable Development Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xiaofeng Luo
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Hubei Rural Development Research Center, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China.
- Rural Sustainable Development Research Center, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
| | - Di Liu
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Sanxia Du
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Aqian Yan
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Tang
- College of Economics and Management, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, Hubei, China
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18
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Robinson MD, Irvin RL, Persich MR, Krishnakumar S. Bipolar or Independent? Relations Between Positive and Negative Affect Vary by Emotional Intelligence. Affect Sci 2020; 1:225-236. [PMID: 36042817 PMCID: PMC9383005 DOI: 10.1007/s42761-020-00018-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Individuals who are intelligent concerning their emotions should experience them differently. In particular, being conversant with the valence dimension that is key to emotions should reasonably result in emotional experiences that are more bipolar with respect to this dimension. Pursuant of these ideas, three studies (total N = 335) assessed emotional intelligence in ability-related terms (ability EI). The same participants also reported on their recent experiences of positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) at work (studies 1 and 2) and/or their day-to-day emotional experiences within a daily diary protocol (study 3). Within each of these studies, ability EI moderated the relationship between experiences of PA and NA, such that the PA-NA relationship was more bipolar at higher levels of EI. These findings are discussed with respect to their implications for debates about bipolarity as well as for their value in highlighting ways in which the ability EI dimension operates.
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Abstract
There are great health disparities in the world today, both between countries and within them. This problem might be seen as related to the access to various kinds of capabilities. It is not fully clear, however, what the exact relation is between health and capabilities. Neither Amartya Sen nor Martha Nussbaum has explicitly formulated a theory of health to go with their theories of capabilities. This paper attempts to present a clarification of the conceptual relation between health and capabilities. Health, it is argued, should be seen as a holistic multi-dimensional phenomenon, made up of basic abilities and subjective well-being, and of fundamental states and processes. Using this theory, the paper shows how health is related to Nussbaum's ten capabilities. It is argued that health, in the senses described, is a necessary part of all ten capabilities. Moreover, some of the capabilities on Nussbaum's list, such as thinking and imagining, and practical reasoning, refer to health. Finally, it is shown that even though health is part of all capabilities, health cannot itself primarily be seen as a capability. An acceptable degree of health is required as a functioning for any theory of human flourishing to be reasonable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per-Anders Tengland
- Health and Society, Malmö University, Jan Waldenströms gata 25, 205 06, Malmö, Sweden.
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20
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Arizpe JM, Saad E, Douglas AO, Germine L, Wilmer JB, DeGutis JM. Self-reported face recognition is highly valid, but alone is not highly discriminative of prosopagnosia-level performance on objective assessments. Behav Res Methods 2019; 51:1102-16. [PMID: 30761463 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-018-01195-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Severe developmental deficits in face recognition ability (developmental prosopagnosia, or DP) have been vigorously studied over the past decade, yet many questions remain unanswered about their origins, nature, and social consequences. A rate-limiting factor in answering such questions is the challenge of recruiting rare DP participants. Although self-reported experiences have long played a role in efforts to identify DPs, much remains unknown about how such self-reports can or should contribute to screening or diagnosis. Here, in a large, population-based web sample, we investigated the effectiveness of self-report, used on its own, as a screen to identify individuals who will ultimately fail, at a conventional cutoff, the two types of objective tests that are most commonly used to confirm DP diagnoses: the Cambridge Face Memory Test (CFMT) and the famous faces memory test (FFMT). We used a highly reliable questionnaire (alpha = .91), the Cambridge Face Memory Questionnaire (CFMQ), and revealed strong validity via high correlations of .44 with the CFMT and .52 with the FFMT. However, cutoff analyses revealed that no CFMQ score yielded a clinical-grade combination of sensitivity and positive predictive value in enough individuals to support using it alone as a DP diagnostic or screening tool. This result was replicated in an analysis of data from the widely used PI20 questionnaire, a 20-question self-assessment of facial recognition similar in form to the CFMQ. We therefore recommend that screens for DP should, wherever possible, include objective as well as subjective assessment tools.
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21
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Chestnut EK, Markman EM. "Girls Are as Good as Boys at Math" Implies That Boys Are Probably Better: A Study of Expressions of Gender Equality. Cogn Sci 2018; 42:2229-2249. [PMID: 29954049 DOI: 10.1111/cogs.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Although "Girls are as good as boys at math" explicitly expresses equality, we predict it could nevertheless suggest that boys have more raw talent. In statements with this subject-complement structure, the item in the complement position serves as the reference point and is thus considered more typical and prominent. This explains why "Tents are like houses," for instance, sounds better than "Houses are like tents"-people generally think of houses as more typical. For domains about ability, the reference point should be the item that is typically more skilled. We further propose that the reference point should be naturally more skilled. In two experiments, we presented adults with summaries of actual scientific evidence for gender equality in math (Experiment 1) or verbal ability (Experiment 2), but we manipulated whether the reference point in the statements of equality in the summaries (e.g., "Boys' verbal ability is as good as girls'") was girls or boys. As predicted, adults attributed more natural ability to each gender when it was in the complement rather than subject position. Yet, in Experiment 3, we found that when explicitly asked, participants judged that such sentences were not biased in favor of either gender, indicating that subject-complement statements must be transmitting this bias in a subtle way. Thus, statements such as "Girls are as good as boys at math" can actually backfire and perpetuate gender stereotypes about natural ability.
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Babapour J, Gholipourb A, Mehralian G. Human Resource Management Challenges to Develop Pharmaceutical Industry: Evidence from Developing Countries. Iran J Pharm Res 2018; 17:224-238. [PMID: 31011355 PMCID: PMC6447866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Human resource management has increasingly become one of the most important challenging issues in the pharmaceutical industry in general and in developing countries in particular to increase the access of societies to needed medicines. In this study, an attempt was made to explore the challenges of human resource management practices surrounding pharmaceutical firms in Iran, as a developing country. To answer the research question, a qualitative descriptive study using thematic analysis was performed through 22 semi-structured interviews with the key informants of Iranian pharmaceutical industry. Extracted themes of interviews were categorized into three main groups namely ability, motivation, and opportunity challenges based on the AMO model and briefly discussed separately. This is the first study investigating HRM challenges in the pharmaceutical industry; the research contributes to developing knowledge of human resource practices and assist pharma managers with better understanding how well implement human resource practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jafar Babapour
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Arian Gholipourb
- Department of Human Resource Management, School of Management, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Gholamhossein Mehralian
- Department of Pharmacoeconomics and Pharma Management, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
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Harvey-Knowles J, Faw MH. Caregiver social support quality when interacting with cancer survivors: advancing the dual-process model of supportive communication. Support Care Cancer 2017; 26:1281-1288. [PMID: 29103150 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3951-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Cancer caregivers often experience significant challenges in their motivation and ability to comfort cancer survivors, particularly in a spousal or romantic context. Spousal cancer caregivers have been known to report even greater levels of burden and distress than cancer sufferers, yet still take on the role of acting as an informal caregiver so they can attend to their partner's needs. The current study tested whether a theoretical model of supportive outcomes-the dual-process model of supportive communication-explained variations in cancer caregivers' motivation and ability to create high-quality support messages. The study also tested whether participant engagement with reflective journaling on supportive acts was associated with increased motivation or ability to generate high-quality support messages. Based upon the dual-process model, we posited that, following supportive journaling tasks, caregivers of spouses currently managing a cancer experience would report greater motivation but also greater difficulty in generating high-quality support messages, while individuals caring for a patient in remission would report lower motivation but greater ability to create high-quality support messages. Findings provided support for these assertions and suggested that reflective journaling tasks might be a useful tool for improving remission caregivers' ability to provide high-quality social support to survivors. Corresponding theoretical and applied implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meara H Faw
- Colorado State University, 1783 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523, USA
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Yue L, Fan X, Peng H. Abilities and barriers to practicing evidence-based nursing for burn specialist nurses. Burns 2017; 44:397-404. [PMID: 28797576 DOI: 10.1016/j.burns.2017.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore the abilities and barriers of practicing evidence-based nursing (EBN) for burn specialist nurses so as to provide rationales for its clinical training and practice. METHODS From January 2016 to March 2016, a cross-sectional survey was conducted with a self-designed questionnaire among burn specialist nurses in Hunan Province. Data analysis was performed with SPSS software (version 20). RESULTS Burn specialist nurses in Hunan Province had diminished EBN abilities. The three procedures of EBN with the lowest score were "summarizing evidence through systematic reviews", "rigorous evaluations of evidence" and "systematic literature searches". And the three procedures of "clarifying problems", "disseminating evidence" and "introducing evidence" scored the highest. The systematic literature retrieval ability of nurses at class III general hospitals was higher than that of class II counterparts (P=0.001). Thus EBN ability was positively correlated with barriers to practicing EBN, English proficiency, research experiences and educator status. CONCLUSION Burn specialist nurses at classes III & II general hospitals in Hunan Province had poor EBN abilities. Influencing factors of EBN ability included barriers to practicing EBN, English proficiency, research experiences and educator status. Therefore it is imperative to implement targeted trainings and integrated managements for improved ability of practicing EBN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqing Yue
- Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China.
| | - Xuegong Fan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China.
| | - Huan Peng
- Department of Burns & Reconstruction, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, China.
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25
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Turri J. How "ought" exceeds but implies "can": Description and encouragement in moral judgment. Cognition 2017; 168:267-75. [PMID: 28755538 DOI: 10.1016/j.cognition.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2017] [Revised: 07/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
This paper tests a theory about the relationship between two important topics in moral philosophy and psychology. One topic is the function of normative language, specifically claims that one "ought" to do something. Do these claims function to describe moral responsibilities, encourage specific behavior, or both? The other topic is the relationship between saying that one "ought" to do something and one's ability to do it. In what respect, if any, does what one "ought" to do exceed what one "can" do? The theory tested here has two parts: (1) "ought" claims function to both describe responsibilities and encourage people to fulfill them (the dual-function hypothesis); (2) the two functions relate differently to ability, because the encouragement function is limited by the person's ability, but the descriptive function is not (the interaction hypothesis). If this theory is correct, then in one respect "ought implies can" is false because people have responsibilities that exceed their abilities. But in another respect "ought implies can" is legitimate because it is not worthwhile to encourage people to do things that exceed their ability. Results from two behavioral experiments support the theory that "ought" exceeds but implies "can." Results from a third experiment provide further evidence regarding an "ought" claim's primary function and how contextual features can affect the interpretation of its functions.
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Nong VM, Boggiano VL, Nguyen LHT, Nguyen CT, Nguyen LH, Xuan Bach T, Nguyen HV, Hoang CD, Latkin CA, Vu MTT. Ability to join the workforce and work productivity among drug users under methadone maintenance treatment in a mountainous area of Northern Vietnam: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016153. [PMID: 28751487 PMCID: PMC5642751 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A major measure of treatment success for drug users undergoing rehabilitation is the ability to enter the workforce and generate income. This study examines the absenteeism and productivity among people who inject drugs (PWID) enrolled in methadone maintenance treatment (MMT) in Northern Vietnam. SETTING We conducted a cross-sectional study in two clinics in Tuyen Quang province. PARTICIPANTS A total of 241 patients enrolled in MMT. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Patients' work productivity was measured using the WPAI-GH instrument (Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire: General Health V2.0). We also collected additional characteristics about participants' employment history, such as proficient jobs, whether they actively found a new job and be accepted by employers. RESULTS Most of the participants (>90%) were employed at the time of the study. Rates of absenteeism (missed work), presenteeism (impairment while working) and overall loss of productivity were 15.8%, 5.6% and 11.2%, respectively, as measured by the WPAI-GH questionnaire. The most proficient job was 'freelancer' (17.5%), followed by 'blue-collar worker' (10.6%) and 'farmer' (10.2%). Only 26.8% of patients reported that they actively sought jobs in the past. About half of them had been refused by employers because of their drug use history and/or HIV status. We found no statistically significant difference between patients enrolled in MMT for <1 year and those who had been enrolled >1 year. Factors associated with higher work productivity included not endorsing problems in mobility, self-care or pain; being HIV-negative and having greater MMT treatment adherence. CONCLUSION Our study highlights the high employment rate and work productivity among PWID in MMT programmes in remote areas of Northern Vietnam. The results can help to improve the quality and structure of MMT programmes across Vietnam and in other countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vuong Minh Nong
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Victoria L Boggiano
- University of California Berkeley School of Public Health, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Lan Huong Thi Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Cuong Tat Nguyen
- Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Vietnam
| | - Long Hoang Nguyen
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Tran Xuan Bach
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Hung Van Nguyen
- Authority of HIV/AIDS Control, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Canh Dinh Hoang
- Authority of HIV/AIDS Control, Ministry of Health, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Carl A Latkin
- Institute for Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Minh Thuc Thi Vu
- Department of Immunology and Allergy, National Otolaryngology Hospital, Hanoi, Vietnam
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Vahdatpour B, Kianimehr L, Moradi A, Haghighat S. Beneficial effects of platelet-rich plasma on improvement of pain severity and physical dis ability in patients with plantar fasciitis: A randomized trial. Adv Biomed Res 2016; 5:179. [PMID: 28028519 PMCID: PMC5157007 DOI: 10.4103/2277-9175.192731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study aimed to clinically examine the effects of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) on improvement of plantar fasciitis and its related manifestations. PATIENTS AND METHODS This single-blind randomized controlled trial was performed on 32 consecutive patients with the final diagnosis of plantar fasciitis that were randomly assigned to the case group (that received PRP, n = 16) and the control group (that received corticosteroid as methylprednisolone 1 ml plus lidocaine 1 ml, n = 16). The endpoints in the present study were changes in the visual analog scale score and the modified Roles and Maudsley score (RMS) from baseline, 1-month, 3 months, and 6 months follow-up. Plantar fascia was also assessed by B-mode sonography before and also 3 months after primary assessment. RESULTS Regarding the pain severity, the PRP group had significantly higher mean pain score at 3 time points of before injection, as well as 1 and 3 months after PRP use when compared to the corticosteroid group (P < 0.05); however, the control group experienced significantly higher pain severity than the PRP group at 6 months after interventions. Also, RMS was lower in PRP group than in corticosteroid group at baseline as well as at 1 and 3 months after injections (P < 0.05). In sonography assessment, no difference was revealed. CONCLUSION Administration of PRP leads to significant improvement in pain severity and physical limitation in patients with plantar fasciitis. This healing effect may be begun at least 3 months after injection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Vahdatpour
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Lida Kianimehr
- Department of Radiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ahmad Moradi
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shila Haghighat
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Whittington J, Holland A. Cognition in people with Prader-Willi syndrome: Insights into genetic influences on cognitive and social development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2016; 72:153-167. [PMID: 27836461 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2016] [Revised: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We present a mini-review of cognition in Prader-Willi syndrome. Studies cited include findings on general ability (IQ), IQ correlates with family members, strengths and weaknesses in cognitive profiles in genetic subtypes, attainment in literacy and numeracy, language, comprehension, modality preferences, executive functions, and social cognition. The latter includes investigations of theory of mind, emotion recognition, face processing and knowledge of social norms. Results from research on mouse models and brain imaging studies relevant to cognition are briefly discussed. The importance of these studies to understanding and managing education and behaviour in PWS and the limitations of the studies in terms of small numbers, non-representativeness, and lack of replication is also touched upon.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Holland
- University of Cambridge, Department of Psychiatry, Cambridge, UK
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Rudisill TM, Zhu M, Kelley GA, Pilkerton C, Rudisill BR. Medication use and the risk of motor vehicle collisions among licensed drivers: A systematic review. Accid Anal Prev 2016; 96:255-270. [PMID: 27569655 PMCID: PMC5045819 DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Driving under the influence of prescription and over-the-counter medication is a growing public health concern. A systematic review of the literature was performed to investigate which specific medications were associated with increased risk of motor vehicle collision (MVC). METHODS The a priori inclusion criteria were: (1) studies published from English-language sources on or after January 1, 1960, (2) licensed drivers 15 years of age and older, (3) peer-reviewed publications, master's theses, doctoral dissertations, and conference papers, (4) studies limited to randomized control trials, cohort studies, case-control studies, or case-control type studies (5) outcome measure reported for at least one specific medication, (6) outcome measure reported as the odds or risk of a motor vehicle collision. Fourteen databases were examined along with hand-searching. Independent, dual selection of studies and data abstraction was performed. RESULTS Fifty-three medications were investigated by 27 studies included in the review. Fifteen (28.3%) were associated with an increased risk of MVC. These included Buprenorphine, Codeine, Dihydrocodeine, Methadone, Tramadol, Levocitirizine, Diazepam, Flunitrazepam, Flurazepam, Lorazepam, Temazepam, Triazolam, Carisoprodol, Zolpidem, and Zopiclone. CONCLUSIONS Several medications were associated with an increased risk of MVC and decreased driving ability. The associations between specific medication use and the increased risk of MVC and/or affected driving ability are complex. Future research opportunities are plentiful and worthy of such investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toni M Rudisill
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University, PO BOX 9151, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, PO BOX 9151, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Motao Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University, PO BOX 9151, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA; Center for Injury Research and Policy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH, 43205, USA; Injury Control Research Center, West Virginia University, PO BOX 9151, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - George A Kelley
- Department of Biostatistics, West Virginia University, PO BOX 9151, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
| | - Courtney Pilkerton
- Department of Epidemiology, West Virginia University, PO BOX 9151, Morgantown, WV, 26506, USA.
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Istiono W, Claramita M, Ekawati FM, Gayatri A, Sutomo AH, Kusnanto H, Graber MA. Physician's self-perceived abilities at primary care settings in Indonesia. J Family Med Prim Care 2016; 4:551-8. [PMID: 26985415 PMCID: PMC4776608 DOI: 10.4103/2249-4863.174286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Southeast Asian countries with better-skilled primary care physicians have been shown to have better health outcomes. However, in Indonesia, there has been a large number of inappropriate referrals, leading to suboptimal health outcomes. This study aimed to examine the reasons underlying the unnecessary referrals as related to Indonesian physicians' standard of abilities. MATERIALS AND METHODS This was a multiple-case study that explored physicians' self-evaluation of their abilities. Self-evaluation questionnaires were constructed from the Indonesian Standards of Physicians Competences of 2006-2012 (ISPC), which is a list of 155 diseases. This study was undertaken in three cities, three towns, and one "border-less developed" area during 2011-2014. The study involved 184 physicians in those seven districts. Data were collected using one-on-one, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGDs), and clinical observations. RESULTS This study found that primary care physicians in Indonesia felt that they were competent to handle less than one-third of "typical" primary care cases. The reasons were limited understanding of person-centered care principles and limited patient care services to diagnosis and treatment of common biomedical problems. Additionally, physical facilities in primary care settings are lacking. DISCUSSIONS AND CONCLUSIONS Strengthening primary health care in Indonesia requires upscaling doctors' abilities in managing health problems through more structured graduate education in family medicine, which emphasizes the bio-psycho-socio-cultural background of persons; secondly, standardizing primary care facilities to support physicians' performance is critical. Finally, a strong national health policy that recognizes the essential role of primary care physicians in health outcomes is an urgent need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wahyudi Istiono
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mora Claramita
- Department of Medical Education, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Aghnaa Gayatri
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Adi Heru Sutomo
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Hari Kusnanto
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - Mark Alan Graber
- Department of Family Medicine, Carver College of Medicine, the University of Iowa, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Subgroups of women with fibromyalgia likely show different activity of daily living (ADL) skill deficits. Identifying ineffective ADL skills of significance in the 'typical' woman with fibromyalgia will promote the planning of targeted occupational therapy interventions aiming at improving ADL ability. OBJECTIVE To identify frequently reported ADL skill deficits of significance in subgroups of women with fibromyalgia who have decreased ADL motor ability in combination with decreased or competent ADL process ability. METHOD Women with fibromyalgia were evaluated with the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS). If they demonstrated decreased ADL motor ability, the calibrated AMPS raters identified and reported ineffective ADL skills of significance. Descriptive comparisons were made between subgroups displaying either decreased or competent ADL process ability. RESULTS Moves, calibrates, bends, reaches, and paces were identified as the most frequently reported ineffective ADL skills of significance within the total sample (n = 188). The ADL process skills items organise and accommodate were identified as ineffective only in the subgroup with decreased ADL process ability (n = 105). CONCLUSION It is suggested that clinicians modify the individual's tasks and environments to compensate for identified ineffective ADL skills and to use the AMPS to differentiate interventions in women with fibromyalgia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecilie Von Bülow
- a The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology , Copenhagen University Hospital , Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg , Denmark .,b The Research Initiative for Activity Studies and Occupational Therapy, General Practice, Department of Public Health , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark , and.,c Metropolitan University College , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Kirstine Amris
- a The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology , Copenhagen University Hospital , Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Karen La Cour
- b The Research Initiative for Activity Studies and Occupational Therapy, General Practice, Department of Public Health , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark , and
| | - Bente Danneskiold-Samsøe
- a The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology , Copenhagen University Hospital , Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg , Denmark
| | - Eva Ejlersen Wæhrens
- a The Parker Institute, Department of Rheumatology , Copenhagen University Hospital , Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg , Denmark .,b The Research Initiative for Activity Studies and Occupational Therapy, General Practice, Department of Public Health , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark , and
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Mortazavi SM, Torkan A, Tabatabaei A, Shamspour N, Heidari S. Diseases Led to Refer Iranian Pilgrims From Hajj in 2012. Iran Red Crescent Med J 2015; 17:e12860. [PMID: 26421162 PMCID: PMC4583829 DOI: 10.5812/ircmj.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Some Iranian pilgrims are referred to Iran because of catching a new disease or exacerbation of their disease during the Hajj ceremony. These diseases need prolonged and specialized treatments. Investigation of the reasons led to their return to Iran is useful and effective in policy-making and planning of preventive health services. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the causes of referring Iranian patients to Iran during Hajj in 2010. Patients and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all Iranian pilgrim cases in Hajj (2012) who referred to Iran were studied, and data analysis was performed. Demographic data and the causes of return to Iran during and after Hajj rituals were analyzed. Results: A total of 106 cases were referred Iran during Hajj 2012. Psychiatric problems, with 26.4% allocated the highest rate of return to Iran during Hajj days, and significant difference was observed in the reasons before and after performing Hajj rituals (P = 0.001). Conclusions: Psychiatric, neurological, gastrointestinal, and respiratory diseases are the most frequent reasons of referring patients to Iran. More accuracy in screening and care of patients are recommended before Hajj in order to prevent references to Iran and its complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyyed Mostafa Mortazavi
- Department of Education and Research, Hajj and Pilgrimage Health Research Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Ali Torkan
- Department of Education and Research, Hajj and Pilgrimage Health Research Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Aminreza Tabatabaei
- Department of Education and Research, Hajj and Pilgrimage Health Research Center, Tehran, IR Iran
- Corresponding Author: Aminreza Tabatabaei, Department of Education and Research, Hajj and Pilgrimage Health Research Center, Tehran, IR Iran. Tel: +98-2186744114, E-mail:
| | - Navvab Shamspour
- Department of Education and Research, Hajj and Pilgrimage Health Research Center, Tehran, IR Iran
| | - Saeid Heidari
- Department of Education and Research, Hajj and Pilgrimage Health Research Center, Tehran, IR Iran
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Snowden A, Stenhouse R, Young J, Carver H, Carver F, Brown N. The relationship between emotional intelligence, previous caring experience and mindfulness in student nurses and midwives: a cross sectional analysis. Nurse Educ Today 2015; 35:152-158. [PMID: 25282342 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2014.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 09/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emotional Intelligence (EI), previous caring experience and mindfulness training may have a positive impact on nurse education. More evidence is needed to support the use of these variables in nurse recruitment and retention. OBJECTIVE To explore the relationship between EI, gender, age, programme of study, previous caring experience and mindfulness training. DESIGN Cross sectional element of longitudinal study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 938year one nursing, midwifery and computing students at two Scottish Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) who entered their programme in September 2013. DATA Participants completed a measure of 'trait' EI: Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire Short Form (TEIQue-SF); and 'ability' EI: Schutte's et al. (1998) Emotional Intelligence Scale (SEIS). Demographics, previous caring experience and previous training in mindfulness were recorded. METHODS Relationships between variables were tested using non-parametric tests. RESULTS Emotional intelligence increased with age on both measures of EI [TEIQ-SF H(5)=15.157 p=0.001; SEIS H(5)=11.388, p=0.044]. Females (n=786) scored higher than males (n=149) on both measures [TEIQ-SF, U=44,931, z=-4.509, p<.001; SEIS, U=44,744, z=-5.563, p<.001]. Nursing students scored higher that computing students [TEIQ-SF H(5)=46,496, p<.001; SEIS H(5)=33.309, p<0.001. There were no statistically significant differences in TEIQ-SF scores between those who had previous mindfulness training (n=50) and those who had not (n=857) [U=22,980, z=0.864, p = 0.388]. However, median SEIS was statistically significantly different according to mindfulness training [U=25,115.5, z=2.05, p=.039]. Neither measure demonstrated statistically significantly differences between those with (n=492) and without (n=479) previous caring experience, [TEIQ-SF, U=112, 102, z=0.938, p=.348; SEIS, U=115,194.5, z=1.863, p=0.063]. CONCLUSIONS Previous caring experience was not associated with higher emotional intelligence. Mindfulness training was associated with higher 'ability' emotional intelligence. Implications for recruitment, retention and further research are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austyn Snowden
- University of the West of Scotland, Ayr Campus, Ayr KA8 0SX, UK.
| | - Rosie Stenhouse
- The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, United Kingdom.
| | - Jenny Young
- University of the West of Scotland Paisley campus, Paisley, PA1 2BE.
| | - Hannah Carver
- Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN.
| | - Fiona Carver
- Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN.
| | - Norrie Brown
- Edinburgh Napier University, Sighthill Campus, Edinburgh, EH11 4BN.
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Abstract
Bulimia is characterized by poor affect regulation, yet the role of emotional intelligence (EI) is little understood. This study examined associations between EI and bulimic symptoms using 235 women from community and student populations. They completed measures of trait and ability EI, and the Eating Disorders Diagnostic Scale. Results showed that deficiencies in different aspects of trait EI and/or ability EI are a function of symptom type: binge eating, compensatory behaviours or weight and shape concerns. Consistent with affect regulation models, self-regulatory aspects of trait EI were related to two bulimic symptoms: binge eating and weight and shape concerns. Ability-based self-emotion management was not important, and explanatory power of lower-level EI facets (traits or abilities) was not superior to more broadly defined EI factors. Results support the conclusion that trait and ability EI may maintain subclinical levels of bulimic symptoms but have different paths.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephanie Quinton
- School of Psychology, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW 2795, Australia
| | - Pamela Qualter
- School of Psychology, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
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Rhee J, Parent D, Basu A. The influence of personality and ability on undergraduate teamwork and team performance. Springerplus 2013; 2:16. [PMID: 23420685 PMCID: PMC3568485 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-2-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The ability to work effectively on a team is highly valued by employers, and collaboration among students can lead to intrinsic motivation, increased persistence, and greater transferability of skills. Moreover, innovation often arises from multidisciplinary teamwork. The influence of personality and ability on undergraduate teamwork and performance is not comprehensively understood. An investigation was undertaken to explore correlations between team outcomes, personality measures and ability in an undergraduate population. Team outcomes included various self-, peer- and instructor ratings of skills, performance, and experience. Personality measures and ability involved the Five-Factor Model personality traits and GPA. Personality, GPA, and teamwork survey data, as well as instructor evaluations were collected from upper division team project courses in engineering, business, political science, and industrial design at a large public university. Characteristics of a multidisciplinary student team project were briefly examined. Personality, in terms of extraversion scores, was positively correlated with instructors’ assessment of team performance in terms of oral and written presentation scores, which is consistent with prior research. Other correlations to instructor-, students’ self- and peer-ratings were revealed and merit further study. The findings in this study can be used to understand important influences on successful teamwork, teamwork instruction and intervention and to understand the design of effective curricula in this area moving forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinny Rhee
- San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0087 USA
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36
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Abstract
UNLABELLED The ability to work effectively on a team is highly valued by employers, and collaboration among students can lead to intrinsic motivation, increased persistence, and greater transferability of skills. Moreover, innovation often arises from multidisciplinary teamwork. The influence of personality and ability on undergraduate teamwork and performance is not comprehensively understood. An investigation was undertaken to explore correlations between team outcomes, personality measures and ability in an undergraduate population. Team outcomes included various self-, peer- and instructor ratings of skills, performance, and experience. Personality measures and ability involved the Five-Factor Model personality traits and GPA. Personality, GPA, and teamwork survey data, as well as instructor evaluations were collected from upper division team project courses in engineering, business, political science, and industrial design at a large public university. Characteristics of a multidisciplinary student team project were briefly examined. Personality, in terms of extraversion scores, was positively correlated with instructors' assessment of team performance in terms of oral and written presentation scores, which is consistent with prior research. Other correlations to instructor-, students' self- and peer-ratings were revealed and merit further study. The findings in this study can be used to understand important influences on successful teamwork, teamwork instruction and intervention and to understand the design of effective curricula in this area moving forward. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/2193-1801-2-16) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinny Rhee
- San Jose State University, One Washington Square, San Jose, CA 95192-0087 USA
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