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Pérez-Anta I, Rubio E, López-Serrano FR, Garcés D, Andrés-Abellán M, Picazo M, Chebbi W, Arquero R, García-Morote FA. Transpiration Dynamics of Esparto Grass ( Macrochloa tenacissima (L.) Kunth) in a Semi-Arid Mediterranean Climate: Unraveling the Impacts of Pine Competition. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:661. [PMID: 38475507 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Macrochloa tenacissima (M. tenacissima), or esparto, is a perennial tussock grass that coexists with Pinus halepensis (P. halepensis) in semi-arid Mediterranean woodlands. This research was carried out to explore diurnal transpiration at leaf level in esparto grass under different levels of pine-esparto competition and in contrasting environmental soil water conditions. The measurement period spanned from the summer of 2020 to the spring of 2021. The relationship between transpiration and competition was conducted in open and closed P. halepensis stands, and the type of leaf (green, senescent) and the maturity of the esparto grass were taken into account. We observed a higher control of transpiration in green leaves, and the correlations between the transpiration and pine competition were noted exclusively in this type of leaf. Our results demonstrated a significant impact of pine competitors (closed stands) on the transpiration of esparto grass, particularly during seasons characterized by scenarios of high water demand: the summer drought period and the commencement of the growing and flowering period (spring). Furthermore, our findings revealed a greater response to transpiration in mature bushes compared to young ones under severe water stress, indicating a higher adaptation to drought by esparto as it ages. Although our results confirmed that PAR increased transpiration in all seasons and in both stands, which is attributable to the heliophilia of esparto grass, the site effects on transpiration could also be attributable to competition for water, especially during periods of drought. These results may have important implications for the dynamics and management of these semi-arid mixed woodlands, as well as the planning of reforestation programs aimed at restoring esparto grass formations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iván Pérez-Anta
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Eva Rubio
- Applied Physics Department, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco Ramón López-Serrano
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Diego Garcés
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Manuela Andrés-Abellán
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Marta Picazo
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Wafa Chebbi
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Rocío Arquero
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
| | - Francisco Antonio García-Morote
- Environment and Forest Resources Group, Renewable Energy Research Institute, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
- Higher Technical School of Agricultural and Forest Engineering, University of Castilla-La Mancha, Campus Universitario s/n, 02071 Albacete, Spain
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Pereira C, Castander-Olarieta A, Montalbán IA, Mendes VM, Correia S, Pedrosa A, Manadas B, Moncaleán P, Canhoto J. Proteomic and Metabolic Analysis of Pinus halepensis Mill. Embryonal Masses Induced under Heat Stress. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087211. [PMID: 37108380 PMCID: PMC10139065 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the physiological and molecular adjustments occurring during tree stress response is of great importance for forest management and breeding programs. Somatic embryogenesis has been used as a model system to analyze various processes occurring during embryo development, including stress response mechanisms. In addition, "priming" plants with heat stress during somatic embryogenesis seems to favor the acquisition of plant resilience to extreme temperature conditions. In this sense, Pinus halepensis somatic embryogenesis was induced under different heat stress treatments (40 °C for 4 h, 50 °C for 30 min, and 60 °C for 5 min) and its effects on the proteome and the relative concentration of soluble sugars, sugar alcohols and amino acids of the embryonal masses obtained were assessed. Heat severely affected the production of proteins, and 27 proteins related to heat stress response were identified; the majority of the proteins with increased amounts in embryonal masses induced at higher temperatures consisted of enzymes involved in the regulation of metabolism (glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid cycle, amino acid biosynthesis and flavonoids formation), DNA binding, cell division, transcription regulation and the life-cycle of proteins. Finally, significant differences in the concentrations of sucrose and amino acids, such as glutamine, glycine and cysteine, were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Pereira
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | | | - Vera M Mendes
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sandra Correia
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
- InnovPlantProtect CoLAb, Estrada de Gil Vaz, 7350-478 Elvas, Portugal
| | - Ana Pedrosa
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paloma Moncaleán
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER-BRTA, 01192 Arkaute, Spain
| | - Jorge Canhoto
- Centre for Functional Ecology, TERRA Associate Laboratory, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Calçada Martim de Freitas, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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Pereira C, Castander-Olarieta A, Sales E, Montalbán IA, Canhoto J, Moncaleán P. Heat Stress in Pinus halepensis Somatic Embryogenesis Induction: Effect in DNA Methylation and Differential Expression of Stress-Related Genes. Plants (Basel) 2021; 10:plants10112333. [PMID: 34834696 PMCID: PMC8622292 DOI: 10.3390/plants10112333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In the current context of climate change, plants need to develop different mechanisms of stress tolerance and adaptation to cope with changing environmental conditions. Temperature is one of the most important abiotic stresses that forest trees have to overcome. Recent research developed in our laboratory demonstrated that high temperatures during different stages of conifer somatic embryogenesis (SE) modify subsequent phases of the process and the behavior of the resulting ex vitro somatic plants. For this reason, Aleppo pine SE was induced under different heat stress treatments (40 °C for 4 h, 50 °C for 30 min, and 60 °C for 5 min) in order to analyze its effect on the global DNA methylation rates and the differential expression of four stress-related genes at different stages of the SE process. Results showed that a slight decrease of DNA methylation at proliferating embryonal masses (EMs) can correlate with the final efficiency of the process. Additionally, different expression patterns for stress-related genes were found in EMs and needles from the in vitro somatic plants obtained; the DEHYDRATION INDUCED PROTEIN 19 gene was up-regulated in response to heat at proliferating EMs, whereas HSP20 FAMILY PROTEIN and SUPEROXIDE DISMUTASE [Cu-Zn] were down-regulated in needles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cátia Pereira
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER-BRTA, 01080 Arkaute, Spain; (A.C.-O.); (I.A.M.)
| | | | - Ester Sales
- Departament of Ciencias Agrarias y del Medio Natural, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Ambientales, Universidad de Zaragoza, Escuela Politécnica Superior, 22071 Huesca, Spain;
| | - Itziar A. Montalbán
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER-BRTA, 01080 Arkaute, Spain; (A.C.-O.); (I.A.M.)
| | - Jorge Canhoto
- Center for Functional Ecology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (P.M.)
| | - Paloma Moncaleán
- Department of Forestry Science, NEIKER-BRTA, 01080 Arkaute, Spain; (A.C.-O.); (I.A.M.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (P.M.)
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4
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Nadal-Sala D, Grote R, Birami B, Lintunen A, Mammarella I, Preisler Y, Rotenberg E, Salmon Y, Tatarinov F, Yakir D, Ruehr NK. Assessing model performance via the most limiting environmental driver in two differently stressed pine stands. Ecol Appl 2021; 31:e02312. [PMID: 33630380 DOI: 10.1002/eap.2312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Climate change will impact forest productivity worldwide. Forecasting the magnitude of such impact, with multiple environmental stressors changing simultaneously, is only possible with the help of process-based models. In order to assess their performance, such models require careful evaluation against measurements. However, direct comparison of model outputs against observational data is often not reliable, as models may provide the right answers due to the wrong reasons. This would severely hinder forecasting abilities under unprecedented climate conditions. Here, we present a methodology for model assessment, which supplements the traditional output-to-observation model validation. It evaluates model performance through its ability to reproduce observed seasonal changes of the most limiting environmental driver (MLED) for a given process, here daily gross primary productivity (GPP). We analyzed seasonal changes of the MLED for GPP in two contrasting pine forests, the Mediterranean Pinus halepensis Mill. Yatir (Israel) and the boreal Pinus sylvestris L. Hyytiälä (Finland) from three years of eddy-covariance flux data. Then, we simulated the same period with a state-of-the-art process-based simulation model (LandscapeDNDC). Finally, we assessed if the model was able to reproduce both GPP observations and MLED seasonality. We found that the model reproduced the seasonality of GPP in both stands, but it was slightly overestimated without site-specific fine-tuning. Interestingly, although LandscapeDNDC properly captured the main MLED in Hyytiälä (temperature) and in Yatir (soil water availability), it failed to reproduce high-temperature and high-vapor pressure limitations of GPP in Yatir during spring and summer. We deduced that the most likely reason for this divergence is an incomplete description of stomatal behavior. In summary, this study validates the MLED approach as a model evaluation tool, and opens up new possibilities for model improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Nadal-Sala
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Grote
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Benjamin Birami
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
| | - Anna Lintunen
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki,, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki,, 00014, Finland
| | - Ivan Mammarella
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki,, 00014, Finland
| | - Yakir Preisler
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, 16 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02138, USA
| | - Eyal Rotenberg
- Deptartment of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Yann Salmon
- Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry, Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Forest Sciences, University of Helsinki, Latokartanonkaari 7, P.O. Box 27, Helsinki,, 00014, Finland
- Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research/Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 68, Gustaf Hällströmin katu 2b, Helsinki,, 00014, Finland
| | - Fedor Tatarinov
- Deptartment of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Dan Yakir
- Deptartment of Environmental Sciences and Energy Research, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, 76100, Israel
| | - Nadine K Ruehr
- Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute of Meteorology and Climate Research - Atmospheric Environmental Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, 82467, Germany
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Fotelli MN, Lyrou FG, Avtzis DN, Maurer D, Rennenberg H, Spyroglou G, Polle A, Radoglou K. Effective Defense of Aleppo Pine Against the Giant Scale Marchalina hellenica Through Ecophysiological and Metabolic Changes. Front Plant Sci 2020; 11:581693. [PMID: 33362812 PMCID: PMC7758410 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.581693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis) is widely distributed in the Mediterranean region and in other areas of the world, where it has been introduced due to its adaptive capacity to xerothermic conditions. The giant pine scale Marchalina hellenica often infests Aleppo pine, as well as other pines, in several southeastern European countries, causing pine declines. When combined with the expected intensified heat and drought events in eastern Mediterranean, the impact of this biotic parameter on the host pines may be exacerbated. The importance of understanding the defense mechanisms of Aleppo pine is emphasized by the recent invasion of the pine scale in new regions, like Australia, lacking the insect's natural enemies, where more intense negative effects on pine species may occur. To date, Aleppo pine's physiological responses to the infestation by M. hellenica are largely unknown. This study aimed at assessing the responses of Aleppo pine to the giant pine scale attack, both on an ecophysiological and a metabolic level. For this purpose, gas exchange, needle water status, and carbon and nitrogen content were measured during 1 year on healthy and infested adult trees. M etabolic profiling of Aleppo pine needles was also performed before, during, and after the high feeding activity of the insect. The maintenance of stable relative water content, δ13C signatures, and chlorophyll fluorescence in the needles of infested pines indicated that infestation did not induce drought stress to the host pines. At the peak of infestation, stomatal closure and a pronounced reduction in assimilation were observed and were associated with the accumulation of sugars in the needles, probably due to impaired phloem loading. At the end of the infestation period, tricarboxylic acids were induced and phenolic compounds were enhanced in the needles of infested pines. These metabolic responses, together with the recovery of photosynthesis after the end of M. hellenica intense feeding, indicate that in the studied region and under the current climate, Aleppo pine is resilient to the infestation by the giant pine scale. Future research should assess whether these promising defense mechanisms are also employed by other host pines, particularly in regions of the world recently invaded by the giant pine scale, as well as under more xerothermic regimes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela N. Fotelli
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Fani G. Lyrou
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Dimitrios N. Avtzis
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Daniel Maurer
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Heinz Rennenberg
- Chair of Tree Physiology, Institute of Forest Sciences, University of Freiburg, Freiburg im Breisgau, Germany
| | - Gavriil Spyroglou
- Forest Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization Demeter, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andrea Polle
- Department of Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, Georg-August University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kalliopi Radoglou
- Department of Forestry and Management of the Environment and Natural Resources, Democritus University of Thrace, Orestiada, Greece
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Patsiou TS, Shestakova TA, Klein T, di Matteo G, Sbay H, Chambel MR, Zas R, Voltas J. Intraspecific responses to climate reveal nonintuitive warming impacts on a widespread thermophilic conifer. New Phytol 2020; 228:525-540. [PMID: 32402106 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Many ecologically important forest trees from dry areas have been insufficiently investigated for their ability to adapt to the challenges posed by climate change, which hampers the implementation of mitigation policies. We analyzed 14 common-garden experiments across the Mediterranean which studied the widespread thermophilic conifer Pinus halepensis and involved 157 populations categorized into five ecotypes. Ecotype-specific tree height responses to climate were applied to projected climate change (2071-2100 ad), to project potential growth patterns both locally and across the species' range. We found contrasting ecotypic sensitivities to annual precipitation but comparatively uniform responses to mean temperature, while evidence of local adaptation for tree height was limited to mesic ecotypes. We projected intriguing patterns of response range-wide, implying either height inhibition or stimulation of up to 75%, and deduced that the ecotype currently experiencing more favorable (wetter) conditions will show the largest inhibition. Extensive height reductions can be expected for coastal areas of France, Greece, Spain and northern Africa. Our findings underline the fact that intraspecific variations in sensitivity to precipitation must be considered when projecting tree height responses of dry forests to future climate. The ecotype-specific projected performances call for management activities to ensure forest resilience in the Mediterranean through, for example, tailored deployment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theofania S Patsiou
- Institute of Botany, University of Basel, Schönbeinstrasse 6, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, Bern, 3013, Switzerland
| | | | - Tamir Klein
- Department of Plant and Environmental sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, 234 Herzl Street, Rehovot, 7610001, Israel
| | - Giovanni di Matteo
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Agriculture and Environment (CREA), via della Navicella 2-4, Rome, 00184, Italy
| | - Hassan Sbay
- Forest Research Centre (CRF), Av. Omar Ibn el Khattab. Agdal, Rabat, 110000, Morocco
| | | | - Rafael Zas
- Misión Biológica de Galicia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (MBG-CSIC), Apdo. 28, Salcedo, E-36080, Spain
| | - Jordi Voltas
- Joint Research Unit CTFC - AGROTECNIO, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, E-25198, Spain
- Department of Crop and Forest Sciences, University of Lleida, Av. Alcalde Rovira Roure 191, Lleida, E-25198, Spain
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Minervini F, Missaoui J, Celano G, Calasso M, Achour L, Saidane D, Gobbetti M, De Angelis M. Use of Autochthonous Lactobacilli to Increase the Safety of Zgougou. Microorganisms 2019; 8:microorganisms8010029. [PMID: 31877880 PMCID: PMC7023124 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Seeds of Pinus halepensis are used for preparing zgougou, a spontaneously fermented matrix giving juice and seeds debris, consumed in many Arabian countries, including Tunisia. In the same way as all the food processes based on spontaneous fermentation, zgougou hides health risks due to eventual pathogenic microorganisms and derived toxins. This study aimed at investigating the effect of the use of autochthonous Lactobacillus paraplantarum A1 and Lactobacillus plantarum A2, as fermentation starters, on the microbiological characteristics, profiles of volatile organic compounds (VOC), antibacterial and antioxidant activities of juice and seeds debris from zgougou. The starter lactobacilli inhibited undesired bacteria (e.g., Enterobacter and Aeromonas) and coccus-shaped lactic acid bacteria, as shown by culture-dependent and-independent methods. The inhibitory effect was more evident in juice than in seeds debris. Some VOC (ethanol, acetoin, phenol,2-methoxy and caryophyllene) were present at higher concentrations in juice and seeds obtained upon spontaneous fermentation, compared to the samples deriving from fermentation with lactobacilli. The latter samples were characterized by higher concentrations of acetic acid, decane, 1-nonanol, bornyl acetate and bornyl formate. In addition, they showed a wider spectrum of antibacterial activity than spontaneously fermented juice and seeds. The use of autochthonous lactobacilli did not relevantly affect the antioxidant activity of zgougou. When juice from lactobacilli-driven fermentation was used to prepare a traditional Tunisian pudding ("Assidat-Zgougou"), it improved color and odor with respect to the pudding containing juice from spontaneous fermentation. This study showed that the use, at laboratory scale, of autochthonous lactobacilli is a feasible biotechnological tool to outgrow undesired bacteria, thus improving the safety of zgougou juice. Future studies should be undertaken to confirm the observed benefits at industrial scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Minervini
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Jihen Missaoui
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valuation of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Giuseppe Celano
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Calasso
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Lotfi Achour
- Bio-resources: Integrative Biology & Valorization, Higher Institute of Biotechnology of Monastir, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Dalila Saidane
- Laboratory of Analysis, Treatment and Valuation of Environmental Pollutants and Products, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Monastir, 5000 Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Marco Gobbetti
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bozen, 39100 Bolzano, Italy
| | - Maria De Angelis
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70126 Bari, Italy
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Maseyk K, Lin T, Cochavi A, Schwartz A, Yakir D. Quantification of leaf-scale light energy allocation and photoprotection processes in a Mediterranean pine forest under extensive seasonal drought. Tree Physiol 2019; 39:1767-1782. [PMID: 31274163 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpz079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 06/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Photoprotection strategies in a Pinus halepensis Mill. forest at the dry timberline that shows sustained photosynthetic activity during 6-7 month summer drought were characterized and quantified under field conditions. Measurements of chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf-level gas exchange and pigment concentrations were made in both control and summer-irrigated plots, providing the opportunity to separate the effects of atmospheric from soil water stress on the photoprotection responses. The proportion of light energy incident on the leaf surface ultimately being used for carbon assimilation was 18% under stress-free conditions (irrigated, winter), declining to 4% under maximal stress (control, summer). Allocation of absorbed light energy to photochemistry decreased from 25 to 15% (control) and from 50% to 30% (irrigated) between winter and summer, highlighting the important role of pigment-mediated energy dissipation processes. Photorespiration or other non-assimilatory electron flow accounted for 15-20% and ~10% of incident light energy during periods of high and low carbon fixation, respectively, representing a proportional increase in photochemical energy going to photorespiration in summer but a decrease in the absolute amount of photorespiratory CO2 loss. Resilience of the leaf photochemical apparatus was expressed in the complete recovery of photosystem II (PSII) efficiency (ΦPSII) and relaxation of the xanthophyll de-epoxidation state on the diurnal cycle throughout the year, and no seasonal decrease in pre-dawn maximal PSII efficiency (Fv/Fm). The response of CO2 assimilation and photoprotection strategies to stomatal conductance and leaf water potential appeared independent of whether stress was due to atmospheric or soil water deficits across seasons and treatments. The range of protection characteristics identified provides insights into the relatively high carbon economy under these dry conditions, conditions that are predicted for extended areas in the Mediterranean and other regions due to global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kadmiel Maseyk
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- School of Environment, Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, The Open University, Walton Hall, Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK
| | - Tongbao Lin
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St, Rehovot 76100, Israel
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Nongye Road, Zhengzhou 450002, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Amnon Cochavi
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Amnon Schwartz
- Robert H. Smith Institute of Plant Sciences and Genetics in Agriculture, Faculty of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Quality Sciences, the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Herzl St, Rehovot 76100, Israel
| | - Dan Yakir
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Herzl St, Rehovot 76100, Israel
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Santonja M, Bousquet‐Mélou A, Greff S, Ormeño E, Fernandez C. Allelopathic effects of volatile organic compounds released from Pinus halepensis needles and roots. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8201-8213. [PMID: 31380083 PMCID: PMC6662250 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 05/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mediterranean region is recognized as a global biodiversity hotspot. However, over the last decades, the cessation of traditional farming in the north part of the Mediterranean basin has given way to strong afforestation leading to occurrence of abandoned agricultural lands colonized by pioneer expansionist species like Pinus halepensis. This pine species is known to synthesize a wide range of secondary metabolites, and previous studies have demonstrated strong allelopathic potentialities of its needle and root leachates. Pinus halepensis is also recognized to release significant amounts of volatile organic compounds (VOC) with potential allelopathic effects that have never been investigated. In this context, the objectives of the present study were to improve our knowledge about the VOC released from P. halepensis needles and roots, determine if these VOC affect the seed germination and root growth of two herbaceous target species (Lactuca sativa and Linum strictum), and evaluate if soil microorganisms modulate the potential allelopathic effects of these VOC. Thirty terpenes were detected from both, needle and root emissions with β-caryophyllene as the major volatile. Numerous terpenes, such as β-caryophyllene, δ-terpinene, or α-pinene, showed higher headspace concentrations according to the gradient green needles < senescent needles < needle litter. Seed germination and root growth of the two target species were mainly reduced in presence of P. halepensis VOC. In strong contrast with the trend reported with needle leachates in literature, we observed an increasing inhibitory effect of P. halepensis VOC with the progress of needle physiological stages (i.e., green needle < senescent needle < needle litter). Surprisingly, several inhibitory effects observed on filter paper were also found or even amplified when natural soil was used as a substrate, highlighting that soil microorganisms do not necessarily limit the negative effects of VOC released by P. halepensis on herbaceous target species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Santonja
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBEMarseilleFrance
| | | | - Stéphane Greff
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBEMarseilleFrance
| | - Elena Ormeño
- Aix Marseille Univ, Avignon Université, CNRS, IRD, IMBEMarseilleFrance
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10
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Zeiner M, Kuhar A, Juranović Cindrić I. Geographic Differences in Element Accumulation in Needles of Aleppo Pines ( Pinus halepensis Mill.) Grown in Mediterranean Region. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24101877. [PMID: 31096695 PMCID: PMC6572550 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24101877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pine needles are widely used as bio-indicators due to their worldwide distribution and the ease of sample collection. In contrast to deciduous trees, conifers offer the possibility of monitoring long-term exposure through older needles. Pinus halepensis Miller is a pine species native to the Mediterranean region, which has been used for restoration activities in arid and semiarid areas leading to vast spatial expansion. Needles from pine trees collected in the southeastern to northwestern extension of Croatia’s coastal area at twelve sampling sites were analysed for twenty-one metals and metalloids. Statistical evaluation of the obtained data revealed significant differences for Al, As, B, Ba, Ca, Cr, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, Se, and Sr between the different regions. Needles from trees growing on islands did not show elevated levels of Mg and/or Na as a result of the sea spray influence. The differences in metal accumulation are supposed to be linked to the environmental conditions at the respective sampling site, since the species was the same everywhere. By comparing the elemental contents of the soil those of with needles, it can be clearly seen, that the root as well as the foliar uptake contribute to the final amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Zeiner
- Man-Environment-Technology Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, Gymnastikgatan 1, 70182 Örebro, Sweden.
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, BOKU ⁻ University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Muthgasse 18, 1190 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Ana Kuhar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Iva Juranović Cindrić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
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11
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Mecheri H, Kouidri M, Boukheroufa-Sakraoui F, Adamou AE. [Variation in Thaumetopoea pityocampa infestation rate of Aleppo pine: Effect on dendrometric parameters in the Djelfa region forests (Saharan Atlas, Algeria)]. C R Biol 2018; 341:380-386. [PMID: 30177499 DOI: 10.1016/j.crvi.2018.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The forests of the Saharan Atlas represent the southern edge of the natural range of the Aleppo pine (Pinus halepensis Mill.). These are exposed to climatic stress in relation to drought and attacks of the pine processionary moth (Thaumetopoea pityocampa Schiff., denoted by CP in the French text). The purpose of our work is to study the variation of the infestation rate by the pine processionary moth and its density with climatic factors and dendrometric parameters. The infestation rate (7.82%) by the pine processionary moth and its density (2.74±2.61nests/tree) were lower in our pine forests than in the northern ones. It appeared that the attacks of the moth increase mainly with the number of days of frost and heatwave. The dendrometric parameters were negatively correlated with the moth's density per tree. On the other hand, the latter was positively correlated with the defoliation rate. The results were discussed in a biogeographic framework in the light of the current knowledge of the distribution of the pine processionary moth in the Aleppo pine, in relation with the climatic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadjer Mecheri
- Département de biologie, faculté des sciences, université Badji-Mokhtar-Annaba, BP 12, 23000 Annaba, Algérie.
| | - Mohamed Kouidri
- Équipe « Désertification et climat », laboratoire de mécanique, université Amar-Telidji-Laghouat, BP 37, 03000 Laghouat, Algérie.
| | - Feriel Boukheroufa-Sakraoui
- Laboratoire des sols et développement durable, université Badji-Mokhtar-Annaba, BP 12, 23000 Annaba, Algérie.
| | - Ala-Eddine Adamou
- Équipe « Désertification et climat », laboratoire de mécanique, université Amar-Telidji-Laghouat, BP 37, 03000 Laghouat, Algérie.
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12
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Manrique-Alba À, Ruiz-Yanetti S, Moutahir H, Novak K, De Luis M, Bellot J. Soil moisture and its role in growth-climate relationships across an aridity gradient in semiarid Pinus halepensis forests. Sci Total Environ 2017; 574:982-990. [PMID: 27668850 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In Mediterranean areas with limited availability of water, an accurate knowledge of growth response to hydrological variables could contribute to improving management and stability of forest resources. The main goal of this study is to assess the temporal dynamic of soil moisture to better understand the water-growth relationship of Pinus halepensis forests in semiarid areas. The estimates of modelled soil moisture and measured tree growth were used at four sites dominated by afforested Pinus halepensis Mill. in south-eastern Spain with 300 to 609mm mean annual precipitation. Firstly, dendrochronological samples were extracted and the widths of annual tree rings were measured to compute basal area increments (BAI). Secondly, soil moisture was estimated over 20 hydrological years (1992-2012) by means of the HYDROBAL ecohydrological model. Finally, the tree growth was linked, to mean monthly and seasonal temperature, precipitation and soil moisture. Results depict the effect of soil moisture on growth (BAI) and explain 69-73% of the variance in semiarid forests, but only 51% in the subhumid forests. This highlights the fact that that soil moisture is a suitable and promising variable to explain growth variations of afforested Pinus halepensis in semiarid conditions and useful for guiding adaptation plans to respond pro-actively to water-related global challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Àngela Manrique-Alba
- IMEM "Ramon Margalef", University of Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; University of Alicante, Department of Ecology, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain.
| | | | - Hassane Moutahir
- University of Alicante, Department of Ecology, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
| | - Klemen Novak
- University of Alicante, Department of Ecology, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; University of Zaragoza, Department of Geography and Regional Planning - IUCA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Martin De Luis
- University of Zaragoza, Department of Geography and Regional Planning - IUCA, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Juan Bellot
- IMEM "Ramon Margalef", University of Alicante, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain; University of Alicante, Department of Ecology, Apdo. 99, 03080 Alicante, Spain
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13
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Taïbi K, del Campo AD, Vilagrosa A, Bellés JM, López-Gresa MP, Pla D, Calvete JJ, López-Nicolás JM, Mulet JM. Drought Tolerance in Pinus halepensis Seed Sources As Identified by Distinctive Physiological and Molecular Markers. Front Plant Sci 2017; 8:1202. [PMID: 28791030 PMCID: PMC5523154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Drought is one of the main constraints determining forest species growth, survival and productivity, and therefore one of the main limitations for reforestation or afforestation. The aim of this study is to characterize the drought response at the physiological and molecular level of different Pinus halepensis (common name Aleppo pine) seed sources, previously characterized in field trials as drought-sensitive or drought-tolerant. This approach aims to identify different traits capable of predicting the ability of formerly uncharacterized seedlings to cope with drought stress. Gas-exchange, water potential, photosynthetic pigments, soluble sugars, free amino acids, glutathione and proteomic analyses were carried out on control and drought-stressed seedlings in greenhouse conditions. Gas-exchange determinations were also assessed in field-planted seedlings in order to validate the greenhouse experimental conditions. Drought-tolerant seed sources presented higher values of photosynthetic rates, water use efficiency, photosynthetic pigments and soluble carbohydrates concentrations. We observed the same pattern of variation of photosynthesis rate and maximal efficiency of PSII in field. Interestingly drought-tolerant seed sources exhibited increased levels of glutathione, methionine and cysteine. The proteomic profile of drought tolerant seedlings identified two heat shock proteins and an enzyme related to methionine biosynthesis that were not present in drought sensitive seedlings, pointing to the synthesis of sulfur amino acids as a limiting factor for drought tolerance in Pinus halepensis. Our results established physiological and molecular traits useful as distinctive markers to predict drought tolerance in Pinus halepensis provenances that could be reliably used in reforestation programs in drought prone areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Taïbi
- Faculty of Natural Sciences and Life, Ibn Khaldoun UniversityTiaret, Algeria
- Re-ForeST, Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia, Spain
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: José M. Mulet, Khaled Taïbi,
| | - Antonio D. del Campo
- Re-ForeST, Research Institute of Water and Environmental Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de ValènciaValencia, Spain
| | - Alberto Vilagrosa
- Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo, Joint Research Unit University of Alicante – CEAM, University of AlicanteAlicante, Spain
| | - José M. Bellés
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - María Pilar López-Gresa
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Davinia Pla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - Juan J. Calvete
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Valencia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
| | - José M. López-Nicolás
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular-A, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de MurciaMurcia, Spain
| | - José M. Mulet
- Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, Universitat Politècnica de València – Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasValencia, Spain
- *Correspondence: José M. Mulet, Khaled Taïbi,
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14
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Prislan P, Gričar J, de Luis M, Novak K, Martinez del Castillo E, Schmitt U, Koch G, Štrus J, Mrak P, Žnidarič MT, Čufar K. Annual Cambial Rhythm in Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris as Indicator for Climate Adaptation. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:1923. [PMID: 28082994 PMCID: PMC5183617 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.01923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
To understand better the adaptation strategies of intra-annual radial growth in Pinus halepensis and Pinus sylvestris to local environmental conditions, we examined the seasonal rhythm of cambial activity and cell differentiation at tissue and cellular levels. Two contrasting sites differing in temperature and amount of precipitation were selected for each species, one typical for their growth and the other represented border climatic conditions, where the two species coexisted. Mature P. halepensis trees from Mediterranean (Spain) and sub-Mediterranean (Slovenia) sites, and P. sylvestris from sub-Mediterranean (Slovenia) and temperate (Slovenia) sites were selected. Repeated sampling was performed throughout the year and samples were prepared for examination with light and transmission electron microscopes. We hypothesized that cambial rhythm in trees growing at the sub-Mediterranean site where the two species co-exist will be similar as at typical sites for their growth. Cambium in P. halepensis at the Mediterranean site was active throughout the year and was never truly dormant, whereas at the sub-Mediterranean site it appeared to be dormant during the winter months. In contrast, cambium in P. sylvestris was clearly dormant at both sub-Mediterranean and temperate sites, although the dormant period seemed to be significantly longer at the temperate site. Thus, the hypothesis was only partly confirmed. Different cambial and cell differentiation rhythms of the two species at the site where both species co-exist and typical sites for their growth indicate their high but different adaptation strategies in terms of adjustment of radial growth to environmental heterogeneity, crucial for long-term tree performance and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Prislan
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
- *Correspondence: Peter Prislan,
| | - Jožica Gričar
- Slovenian Forestry Institute, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Martin de Luis
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Klemen Novak
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ecology, University of AlicanteAlicante, Spain
| | | | - Uwe Schmitt
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute – Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchHamburg, Germany
| | - Gerald Koch
- Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institute – Thünen Institute of Wood ResearchHamburg, Germany
| | - Jasna Štrus
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Polona Mrak
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Magda T. Žnidarič
- Department of Biotechnology and Systems Biology, National Institute of Biology, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katarina. Čufar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
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15
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Novak K, de Luis M, Saz MA, Longares LA, Serrano-Notivoli R, Raventós J, Čufar K, Gričar J, Di Filippo A, Piovesan G, Rathgeber CBK, Papadopoulos A, Smith KT. Missing Rings in Pinus halepensis - The Missing Link to Relate the Tree-Ring Record to Extreme Climatic Events. Front Plant Sci 2016; 7:727. [PMID: 27303421 PMCID: PMC4885872 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2016.00727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Accepted: 05/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Climate predictions for the Mediterranean Basin include increased temperatures, decreased precipitation, and increased frequency of extreme climatic events (ECE). These conditions are associated with decreased tree growth and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases. The anatomy of tree rings responds to these environmental conditions. Quantitatively, the width of a tree ring is largely determined by the rate and duration of cell division by the vascular cambium. In the Mediterranean climate, this division may occur throughout almost the entire year. Alternatively, cell division may cease during relatively cool and dry winters, only to resume in the same calendar year with milder temperatures and increased availability of water. Under particularly adverse conditions, no xylem may be produced in parts of the stem, resulting in a missing ring (MR). A dendrochronological network of Pinus halepensis was used to determine the relationship of MR to ECE. The network consisted of 113 sites, 1,509 trees, 2,593 cores, and 225,428 tree rings throughout the distribution range of the species. A total of 4,150 MR were identified. Binomial logistic regression analysis determined that MR frequency increased with increased cambial age. Spatial analysis indicated that the geographic areas of south-eastern Spain and northern Algeria contained the greatest frequency of MR. Dendroclimatic regression analysis indicated a non-linear relationship of MR to total monthly precipitation and mean temperature. MR are strongly associated with the combination of monthly mean temperature from previous October till current February and total precipitation from previous September till current May. They are likely to occur with total precipitation lower than 50 mm and temperatures higher than 5°C. This conclusion is global and can be applied to every site across the distribution area. Rather than simply being a complication for dendrochronology, MR formation is a fundamental response of trees to adverse environmental conditions. The demonstrated relationship of MR formation to ECE across this dendrochronological network in the Mediterranean basin shows the potential of MR analysis to reconstruct the history of past climatic extremes and to predict future forest dynamics in a changing climate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klemen Novak
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning – Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
- Department of Ecology, University of AlicanteAlicante, Spain
- *Correspondence: Klemen Novak,
| | - Martin de Luis
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning – Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Miguel A. Saz
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning – Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Luis A. Longares
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning – Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Roberto Serrano-Notivoli
- Department of Geography and Regional Planning – Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias Ambientales, University of ZaragozaZaragoza, Spain
| | - Josep Raventós
- Department of Ecology, University of AlicanteAlicante, Spain
| | - Katarina Čufar
- Department of Wood Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaLjubljana, Slovenia
| | | | - Alfredo Di Filippo
- Dendrology Lab, Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), University of TusciaViterbo, Italy
| | - Gianluca Piovesan
- Dendrology Lab, Department of Agriculture and Forestry Science (DAFNE), University of TusciaViterbo, Italy
| | | | - Andreas Papadopoulos
- Department of Forestry and Natural Environmental Management, T.E.I. Stereas ElladasKarpenissi, Greece
| | - Kevin T. Smith
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, DurhamNH, USA
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16
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Hernández-Serrano A, Verdú M, Santos-Del-Blanco L, Climent J, González-Martínez SC, Pausas JG. Heritability and quantitative genetic divergence of serotiny, a fire-persistence plant trait. Ann Bot 2014; 114:571-7. [PMID: 25008363 PMCID: PMC4204669 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcu142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Although it is well known that fire acts as a selective pressure shaping plant phenotypes, there are no quantitative estimates of the heritability of any trait related to plant persistence under recurrent fires, such as serotiny. In this study, the heritability of serotiny in Pinus halepensis is calculated, and an evaluation is made as to whether fire has left a selection signature on the level of serotiny among populations by comparing the genetic divergence of serotiny with the expected divergence of neutral molecular markers (QST-FST comparison). METHODS A common garden of P. halepensis was used, located in inland Spain and composed of 145 open-pollinated families from 29 provenances covering the entire natural range of P. halepensis in the Iberian Peninsula and Balearic Islands. Narrow-sense heritability (h(2)) and quantitative genetic differentiation among populations for serotiny (QST) were estimated by means of an 'animal model' fitted by Bayesian inference. In order to determine whether genetic differentiation for serotiny is the result of differential natural selection, QST estimates for serotiny were compared with FST estimates obtained from allozyme data. Finally, a test was made of whether levels of serotiny in the different provenances were related to different fire regimes, using summer rainfall as a proxy for fire regime in each provenance. KEY RESULTS Serotiny showed a significant narrow-sense heritability (h(2)) of 0·20 (credible interval 0·09-0·40). Quantitative genetic differentiation among provenances for serotiny (QST = 0·44) was significantly higher than expected under a neutral process (FST = 0·12), suggesting adaptive differentiation. A significant negative relationship was found between the serotiny level of trees in the common garden and summer rainfall of their provenance sites. CONCLUSIONS Serotiny is a heritable trait in P. halepensis, and selection acts on it, giving rise to contrasting serotiny levels among populations depending on the fire regime, and supporting the role of fire in generating genetic divergence for adaptive traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Hernández-Serrano
- CIDE-CSIC, Ctra. Moncada - Nàquera Km. 4·5 (IVIA campus), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Verdú
- CIDE-CSIC, Ctra. Moncada - Nàquera Km. 4·5 (IVIA campus), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luís Santos-Del-Blanco
- INIA-Forest Research Centre, Ctra. A Coruña Km 7·5, 28040 Madrid, Spain Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, INIA-University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - José Climent
- INIA-Forest Research Centre, Ctra. A Coruña Km 7·5, 28040 Madrid, Spain Sustainable Forest Management Research Institute, INIA-University of Valladolid, Palencia, Spain
| | - Santiago C González-Martínez
- INIA-Forest Research Centre, Ctra. A Coruña Km 7·5, 28040 Madrid, Spain Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Biophore Building, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Juli G Pausas
- CIDE-CSIC, Ctra. Moncada - Nàquera Km. 4·5 (IVIA campus), 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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17
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Parraga-Aguado I, Querejeta JI, González-Alcaraz MN, Conesa HM. Metal(loid) allocation and nutrient retranslocation in Pinus halepensis trees growing on semiarid mine tailings. Sci Total Environ 2014; 485-486:406-414. [PMID: 24742549 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2014] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/22/2014] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate internal metal(loid) cycling and the risk of metal(loid) accumulation in litter from Pinus halepensis trees growing at a mine tailing disposal site in semiarid Southeast Spain. Internal nutrient retranslocation was also evaluated in order to gain insight into the ability of pine trees to cope with the low-fertility soil conditions at the tailings. We measured metal(loid) concentrations in the foliage (young and old needles), woody stems and fresh leaf litter of pine trees growing on tailings. The nutrient status and stable isotope composition of pine foliage (δ(13)C, δ(15)N, δ(18)O as indicators of photosynthesis and water use efficiency) were also analyzed. Tailing soil properties in vegetation patches and in adjacent bare soil patches were characterized as well. Significant amounts of metal(loid)s such us Cd, Cu, Pb and Sb were immobilized in the woody stems of Pinus halepensis trees growing on tailings. Leaf litterfall showed high concentrations of As, Cd, Sb, Pb and Zn, which thereby return to the soil. However, water extractable metal(loid) concentrations in tailing soils were similar between vegetation patches (mineral soil under the litter layer) and bare soil patches. The pines growing on mine tailings showed very low foliar P concentrations in all leaf age classes, which suggests severe P deficiency. Young (current year) needles showed lower accumulation of metal(loid)s, higher nutrient concentrations (P and K), and higher water use efficiency (as indicated by and δ(13)C and δ(18)O data) than older needles. Substantial nutrient resorption occurred before leaf litterfall, with 46% retranslocation efficiency for P and 89% for K. In conclusion, phytostabilization of semiarid mine tailings with Pinus halepensis is feasible but would require careful monitoring of the trace elements released from litterfall, in order to assess the long term risk of metal(loid) transfer to the food chain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Parraga-Aguado
- Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agraria Paseo Alfonso XIII, Cartagena 48. 30203, Spain.
| | - Jose-Ignacio Querejeta
- Water and Soil Conservation Department, Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura CEBAS-CSIC Campus Universitario de Espinardo, PO Box 164, Espinardo-Murcia ES-30100, Spain
| | - María Nazaret González-Alcaraz
- Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agraria Paseo Alfonso XIII, Cartagena 48. 30203, Spain
| | - Hector M Conesa
- Universidad Politecnica de Cartagena, Departamento de Ciencia y Tecnología Agraria Paseo Alfonso XIII, Cartagena 48. 30203, Spain
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