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Kang ZR, Jiang S, Han JX, Gao Y, Xie Y, Chen J, Liu Q, Yu J, Zhao X, Hong J, Chen H, Chen YX, Chen H, Fang JY. Deficiency of BCAT2-mediated branched-chain amino acid catabolism promotes colorectal cancer development. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166941. [PMID: 37926361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/29/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism is involved in the development of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Therefore, this study investigates the role of BCAA metabolism in CRC progression. METHODS Dietary BCAA was administered to both azoxymethane-induced and azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate-induced CRC mouse models. The expression of genes related to BCAA metabolism was determined using RNA sequencing. Adjacent tissue samples, obtained from 58 patients with CRC, were subjected to quantitative real-time PCR and immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, the suppressive role of branched-chain aminotransferase 2 (BCAT2) in cell proliferation, apoptosis, and xenograft mouse models was investigated. Alterations in BCAAs and activation of downstream pathways were also assessed using metabolic analysis and western blotting. RESULTS High levels of dietary BCAA intake promoted CRC tumorigenesis in chemical-induced CRC and xenograft mouse models. Both the mRNA and protein levels of BCAT2 were decreased in tumor tissues of patients with CRC compared to those in normal tissues. Proliferation assays and xenograft models confirmed the suppressive role of BCAT2 in CRC progression. Furthermore, the accumulation of BCAAs caused by BCAT2 deficiency facilitated the chronic activation of mTORC1, thereby mediating the oncogenic effect of BCAAs. CONCLUSION BCAT2 deficiency promotes CRC progression through inhibition of BCAAs metabolism and chronic activation of mTORC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zi-Ran Kang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ji-Xuan Han
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yaqi Gao
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yile Xie
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinxian Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Pathology, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Yu
- Institute of Digestive Disease and The Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, State Key Laboratory of Digestive Disease, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogen Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Hong
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Haoyan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ying-Xuan Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huimin Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Jing-Yuan Fang
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shanghai Institute of Digestive Disease, NHC Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, State Key Laboratory for Oncogenes and Related Genes, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Tian Y, Ma J, Wang H, Yi X, Wang H, Zhang H, Guo S, Yang Y, Zhang B, Du J, Shi Q, Gao T, Guo W, Li C. BCAT2 promotes melanoma progression by activating lipogenesis via the epigenetic regulation of FASN and ACLY expressions. Cell Mol Life Sci 2023; 80:315. [PMID: 37801083 PMCID: PMC11073144 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-023-04965-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Melanoma is the most lethal skin cancer originating from the malignant transformation of epidermal melanocyte. The dysregulation of cellular metabolism is a hallmark of cancer, including in melanoma. Aberrant branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) metabolism and related enzymes has been greatly implicated in the progression of multiple types of cancer, whereas remains far from understood in melanoma. Herein, we reported that the critical BCAA metabolism enzyme branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2 (BCAT2) is an oncogenic factor in melanoma by activating lipogenesis via the epigenetic regulation of fatty acid synthase (FASN) and ATP-citrate lyase (ACLY) expressions. Firstly, we found that BCAT2 expression was prominently increased in melanoma, and highly associated with clinical stage. Then, it was proved that the deficiency of BCAT2 led to impaired tumor cell proliferation, invasion and migration in vitro, and tumor growth and metastasis in vivo. Further, RNA sequencing technology and a panel of biochemical assays demonstrated that BCAT2 regulated de novo lipogenesis via the regulation of the expressions of both FASN and ACLY. Mechanistically, the inhibition of BCAT2 suppressed the generation of intracellular acetyl-CoA, mitigating P300-dependent histone acetylation at the promoter of FASN and ACLY, and thereby their transcription. Ultimately, zinc finger E-box binding homeobox 1 (ZEB1) was identified as the upstream transcriptional factor responsible for BCAT2 up-regulation in melanoma. Our results demonstrate that BCAT2 promotes melanoma progression by epigenetically regulating FASN and ACLY expressions via P300-dependent histone acetylation. Targeting BCAT2 could be exploited as a promising strategy to restrain tumor progression in melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangzi Tian
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jingjing Ma
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiuli Yi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huina Wang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hengxiang Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuqi Yang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Baolu Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qiong Shi
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Tianwen Gao
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weinan Guo
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
| | - Chunying Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Yu F, Wang C, Su Y, Chen T, Zhu W, Dong X, Ke W, Cai L, Yang S, Wan P. Comprehensive analysis of ferritinophagy-related genes and immune infiltration landscape in diabetic retinopathy. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2023; 14:1177488. [PMID: 37522124 PMCID: PMC10377661 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2023.1177488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is deemed a microangiopathy and neurodegenerative disorder, which is a primary reason of visual impairment in the world. Ferritinophagy is a critical regulator of ferroptosis and has a vital part in the etiopathogenesis of DR. Nevertheless, its molecular mechanism in DR remains to be expounded. Methods The GSE146615 dataset was adopted to identify ferritinophagy-related differentially expressed genes (FRDEGs). The interactions and biological functions of the genes were described by means of functional enrichment analysis (FEA). The enriched gene sets were analyzed utilizing gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) and gene set variation analysis (GSVA). Identification of hub genes was performed utilizing protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis. mRNA-miRNA, mRNA-transcription factors (TF), mRNA-drugs, mRNA-RNA-binding proteins (RBP) interaction networks were constructed. In addition, datasets GSE60436 and GSE94019 were utilized for validation. The diagnostic performance of FRDEGs was assessed by means of receiver-operating characteristic curve monofactor analysis, followed by immune infiltration analysis. Lastly, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) was implemented to analyze the validation of genes. Results In total, the identification of eight FRDEGs was completed utilizing differential expression analysis. FEA mainly implicated the autophagy of mitochondrion, mitochondrion disassembly, autophagosome assembly, and organization pathways. GSEA and GSVA mainly implicated the interferon alpha response, ultraviolet response up, interferon gamma response, apical junction, pical surface, and allograft rejection pathways. BECN1 and HERC2 displayed high diagnostic accuracies in validation sets. Immune infiltration analysis revealed that several immune cells related to ferritinophagy may be play potential roles in DR. Finally, qRT-PCR was utilized to validate the upregulated expression of BECN1 as well as the downregulated expression of BCAT2 and ATG7 in the DR model. Conclusion BECN1, HERC2, ATG7, and BCAT2 act as potential biomarkers for DR and might regulate ferritinophagy and the immune microenvironment to influence its development and progression. This research can provide new insights into pathogenesis of DR related to ferritinophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenfen Yu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Congyao Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yihua Su
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenhui Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Dong
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wanyi Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Leqi Cai
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shasha Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guangzhou First People’s Hospital, The Second Affiliated Hospital, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Pengxia Wan
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Han L, Dong L, Leung K, Zhao Z, Li Y, Gao L, Chen Z, Xue J, Qing Y, Li W, Pokharel SP, Gao M, Chen M, Shen C, Tan B, Small A, Wang K, Zhang Z, Qin X, Yang L, Wunderlich M, Zhang B, Mulloy JC, Marcucci G, Chen CW, Wei M, Su R, Chen J, Deng X. METTL16 drives leukemogenesis and leukemia stem cell self-renewal by reprogramming BCAA metabolism. Cell Stem Cell 2023; 30:52-68.e13. [PMID: 36608679 PMCID: PMC9838187 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
N6-methyladenosine (m6A), the most prevalent internal modification in mammalian mRNAs, is involved in many pathological processes. METTL16 is a recently identified m6A methyltransferase. However, its role in leukemia has yet to be investigated. Here, we show that METTL16 is a highly essential gene for the survival of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) cells via CRISPR-Cas9 screening and experimental validation. METTL16 is aberrantly overexpressed in human AML cells, especially in leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and leukemia-initiating cells (LICs). Genetic depletion of METTL16 dramatically suppresses AML initiation/development and maintenance and significantly attenuates LSC/LIC self-renewal, while moderately influencing normal hematopoiesis in mice. Mechanistically, METTL16 exerts its oncogenic role by promoting expression of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) transaminase 1 (BCAT1) and BCAT2 in an m6A-dependent manner and reprogramming BCAA metabolism in AML. Collectively, our results characterize the METTL16/m6A/BCAT1-2/BCAA axis in leukemogenesis and highlight the essential role of METTL16-mediated m6A epitranscriptome and BCAA metabolism reprograming in leukemogenesis and LSC/LIC maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Han
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Keith Leung
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zhicong Zhao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Liver Surgery, Renji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200127, China
| | - Yangchan Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Radiation Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zhenhua Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Jianhuang Xue
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
| | - Ying Qing
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Sheela Pangeni Pokharel
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Meiling Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; Department of Hematology, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Hematology, Fujian Institute of Hematology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian 350001, China
| | - Chao Shen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Brandon Tan
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Andrew Small
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Kitty Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Zheng Zhang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Xi Qin
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Lu Yang
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Mark Wunderlich
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Bin Zhang
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - James C Mulloy
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Guido Marcucci
- City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA; Department of Hematologic Malignancies Translational Science, City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA
| | - Chun-Wei Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA
| | - Minjie Wei
- School of Pharmacy, China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
| | - Rui Su
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.
| | - Jianjun Chen
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center and Gehr Family Center for Leukemia Research, City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
| | - Xiaolan Deng
- Department of Systems Biology, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Monrovia, CA 91016, USA.
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Zhang Y, Liu W, Feng W, Wang X, Lei T, Chen Z, Song W. Identification of 14 Differentially-Expressed Metabolism-Related Genes as Potential Targets of Gastric Cancer by Integrated Proteomics and Transcriptomics. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:816249. [PMID: 35265615 PMCID: PMC8899292 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.816249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although research on the metabolism related to gastric cancer (GC) is gradually gaining increasing interest, there are few studies regarding metabolism-related genes in GC. Understanding the characteristic changes of metabolism-related genes at the transcriptional and protein levels in GC will help us to identify new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets. We harvested six pairs of samples from GC patients and evaluated the differentially expressed proteins using mass spectrometry-based proteomics. RNA sequencing was conducted simultaneously to detect the corresponding expression of mRNAs, and bioinformatics analysis was used to reveal the correlation of significant differentially expressed genes. A total of 57 genes were observed to be dysregulated both in proteomics and transcriptomics. Bioinformatics analysis showed that these differentially expressed genes were significantly associated with regulating metabolic activity. Further, 14 metabolic genes were identified as potential targets for GC patients and were related to immune cell infiltration. Moreover, we found that dysregulation of branched-chain amino acid transaminase 2 (BCAT2), one of the 14 differentially expressed metabolism-related genes, was associated with the overall survival time in GC patients. We believe that this study provides comprehensive information to better understand the mechanism underlying the progression of GC metastasis and explores the potential therapeutic and prognostic metabolism-related targets for GC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenwei Liu
- Center for Digestive Disease, The Seventh Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tianxiang Lei
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.,Laboratory of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zehong Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
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Mann G, Adegoke OAJ. Effects of ketoisocaproic acid and inflammation on glucose transport in muscle cells. Physiol Rep 2021; 9:e14673. [PMID: 33400857 PMCID: PMC7785050 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are regulators of protein metabolism. However, elevated levels of BCAAs and their metabolites are linked to insulin resistance. We previously demonstrated that the leucine metabolite, α-ketoisocaproate (KIC), inhibited insulin-stimulated glucose transport in myotubes. Like KIC, inflammatory factors are implicated in the development of insulin resistance. Here, we analyzed the effect of KIC and inflammatory factors (homocysteine [50 μM], TNF-α [10 ng/ml], and interleukin 6 (IL-6) [10 ng/ml]) on myotubes. Although KIC suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose transport, addition of the inflammatory factors did not worsen this effect. Depletion of branched-chain aminotransferase 2, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of leucine into KIC, abrogated the effect of KIC and the inflammatory factors. The effect of insulin on AKTS473 and S6K1T389 phosphorylation was not modified by treatments. There were no treatment effects on glycogen synthase phosphorylation. Depletion of E1α subunit of branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase, the enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of KIC, suppressed insulin-stimulated glucose transport, especially in cells incubated in KIC. Thus, defects in BCAA catabolism are contributory to insulin resistance of glucose transport in myotubes, especially in the presence of KIC. Interventions that increase BCAA catabolism may promote muscle glucose utilization and improve insulin resistance and its sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Mann
- Kinesiology and Health Science and Muscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
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Dhanani ZN, Mann G, Adegoke OAJ. Depletion of branched-chain aminotransferase 2 ( BCAT2) enzyme impairs myoblast survival and myotube formation. Physiol Rep 2019; 7:e14299. [PMID: 31833233 PMCID: PMC6908738 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.14299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Much is known about the positive effects of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) in regulating muscle protein metabolism. Comparatively much less is known about the effects of these amino acids and their metabolites in regulating myotube formation. Using cultured myoblasts, we showed that although leucine is required for myotube formation, this requirement is easily met by α-ketoisocaproic acid, the ketoacid of leucine. We then demonstrated increases in the expression of the first two enzymes in the catabolism of the three BCAA, branched-chain amino transferase (BCAT2) and branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase (BCKD), with ~3× increase in BCKD protein expression (p < .05) during differentiation. Furthermore, depletion of BCAT2 abolished myoblast differentiation, as indicated by reduction in the levels of myosin heavy chain-1, troponin and myogenin. Supplementation of incubation medium with branched-chain α-ketoacids or related metabolites derivable from BCAT2 functions did not rescue the defects. However, co-depletion of BCKD kinase partially rescued the defects. Collectively, our data indicate a requirement for BCAA catabolism during myotube formation and that this requirement for BCAT2 likely goes beyond the need for this enzyme to generate the α-ketoacids of the BCAA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zameer N. Dhanani
- School of Kinesiology and Health ScienceMuscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
| | - Gagandeep Mann
- School of Kinesiology and Health ScienceMuscle Health Research CentreYork UniversityTorontoONCanada
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Knerr I, Colombo R, Urquhart J, Morais A, Merinero B, Oyarzabal A, Pérez B, Jones SA, Perveen R, Preece MA, Rogers Y, Treacy EP, Mayne P, Zampino G, MacKinnon S, Wassmer E, Yue WW, Robinson I, Rodríguez-Pombo P, Olpin SE, Banka S. Expanding the genetic and phenotypic spectrum of branched-chain amino acid transferase 2 deficiency. J Inherit Metab Dis 2019; 42:809-817. [PMID: 31177572 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Revised: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The first step in branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is catalyzed by the two BCAA transferase isoenzymes, cytoplasmic branched-chain amino acid transferase (BCAT) 1, and mitochondrial BCAT2. Defects in the second step of BCAA catabolism cause maple syrup urine disease (MSUD), a condition which has been far more extensively investigated. Here, we studied the consequences of BCAT2 deficiency, an ultra-rare condition in humans. We present genetic, clinical, and functional data in five individuals from four different families with homozygous or compound heterozygous BCAT2 mutations which were all detected following abnormal biochemical profile results or familial mutation segregation studies. We demonstrate that BCAT2 deficiency has a recognizable biochemical profile with raised plasma BCAAs and, in contrast with MSUD, low-normal branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs) with undetectable l-allo-isoleucine. Interestingly, unlike in MSUD, none of the individuals with BCAT2 deficiency developed acute encephalopathy even with exceptionally high BCAA levels. We observed wide-ranging clinical phenotypes in individuals with BCAT2 deficiency. While one adult was apparently asymptomatic, three individuals had presented with developmental delay and autistic features. We show that the biochemical characteristics of BCAT2 deficiency may be amenable to protein-restricted diet and that early treatment may improve outcome in affected individuals. BCAT2 deficiency is an inborn error of BCAA catabolism. At present, it is unclear whether developmental delay and autism are parts of the variable phenotypic spectrum of this condition or coincidental. Further studies will be required to explore this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ina Knerr
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
- Center for the Study of Rare Hereditary Diseases, Niguarda Ca' Granda Metropolitan Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - Jill Urquhart
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Ana Morais
- Centro de Diagnostico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Begona Merinero
- Centro de Diagnostico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Oyarzabal
- Centro de Diagnostico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Belén Pérez
- Centro de Diagnostico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon A Jones
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Rahat Perveen
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mary A Preece
- Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Yvonne Rogers
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Eileen P Treacy
- National Centre for Inherited Metabolic Disorders, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Adult Metabolic Service, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip Mayne
- Department of Biochemistry, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Giuseppe Zampino
- Department of Paediatrics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, and Center for Rare Diseases, Policlinico Agostino Gemelli, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina MacKinnon
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Evangeline Wassmer
- Children's Hospital, Birmingham Women's and Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Wyatt W Yue
- Structural Genomics Consortium, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ian Robinson
- Department of Radiology, Temple Street Children's University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Pilar Rodríguez-Pombo
- Centro de Diagnostico de Enfermedades Moleculares, Departamento de Biologia Molecular, Centro de Biologia Molecular Severo Ochoa, Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Raras, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Simon E Olpin
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Sheffield Children's NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield Children's Hospital, Sheffield, UK
| | - Siddharth Banka
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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9
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McBrayer SK, Mayers JR, DiNatale GJ, Shi DD, Khanal J, Chakraborty AA, Sarosiek KA, Briggs KJ, Robbins AK, Sewastianik T, Shareef SJ, Olenchock BA, Parker SJ, Tateishi K, Spinelli JB, Islam M, Haigis MC, Looper RE, Ligon KL, Bernstein BE, Carrasco RD, Cahill DP, Asara JM, Metallo CM, Yennawar NH, Vander Heiden MG, Kaelin WG. Transaminase Inhibition by 2-Hydroxyglutarate Impairs Glutamate Biosynthesis and Redox Homeostasis in Glioma. Cell 2018; 175:101-116.e25. [PMID: 30220459 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2018.08.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IDH1 mutations are common in low-grade gliomas and secondary glioblastomas and cause overproduction of (R)-2HG. (R)-2HG modulates the activity of many enzymes, including some that are linked to transformation and some that are probably bystanders. Although prior work on (R)-2HG targets focused on 2OG-dependent dioxygenases, we found that (R)-2HG potently inhibits the 2OG-dependent transaminases BCAT1 and BCAT2, likely as a bystander effect, thereby decreasing glutamate levels and increasing dependence on glutaminase for the biosynthesis of glutamate and one of its products, glutathione. Inhibiting glutaminase specifically sensitized IDH mutant glioma cells to oxidative stress in vitro and to radiation in vitro and in vivo. These findings highlight the complementary roles for BCATs and glutaminase in glutamate biosynthesis, explain the sensitivity of IDH mutant cells to glutaminase inhibitors, and suggest a strategy for maximizing the effectiveness of such inhibitors against IDH mutant gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel K McBrayer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Jared R Mayers
- Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Gabriel J DiNatale
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Diana D Shi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Januka Khanal
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Abhishek A Chakraborty
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Kristopher A Sarosiek
- John B. Little Center for Radiation Sciences, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kimberly J Briggs
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Alissa K Robbins
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Tomasz Sewastianik
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sarah J Shareef
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Benjamin A Olenchock
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Seth J Parker
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Kensuke Tateishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa 2360004, Japan
| | - Jessica B Spinelli
- Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Mirazul Islam
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Marcia C Haigis
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Ryan E Looper
- Department of Chemistry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Keith L Ligon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital Boston, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bradley E Bernstein
- Department of Pathology and Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA; Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Ruben D Carrasco
- Department of Oncologic Pathology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Daniel P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Translational Neuro-Oncology Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - John M Asara
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Christian M Metallo
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Neela H Yennawar
- Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Matthew G Vander Heiden
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA; Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - William G Kaelin
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, MD 20815, USA.
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10
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Roberson PA, Haun CT, Mobley CB, Romero MA, Mumford PW, Martin JS, Roberts MD. Skeletal muscle amino acid transporter and BCAT2 expression prior to and following interval running or resistance exercise in mode-specific trained males. Amino Acids 2018; 50:961-5. [PMID: 29725856 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-018-2570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Endurance (END)- and resistance (RES)-trained males performed interval running or resistance exercise during three consecutive days (bouts 1-3). Muscle biopsies were obtained at baseline, 2 h post-bout 1, and 72 h post-bout 3. Amino acid transporter SNAT2 mRNA was 75% greater in END (group p = 0.008), and increased ~ 70% 2 h post in both groups (time p = 0.023). Amino acid transporter PAT1 mRNA was 2.7-fold greater in RES (group p = 0.002). Baseline protein levels of the mitochondrial aminotransferase BCAT2 were 79% greater in END (p = 0.015).
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11
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Wang WM, Lu G, Su XW, Lyu H, Poon WS. MicroRNA-182 Regulates Neurite Outgrowth Involving the PTEN/AKT Pathway. Front Cell Neurosci 2017; 11:96. [PMID: 28442995 PMCID: PMC5385363 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2017.00096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/20/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are implicated in neuronal development and maturation. Neuronal maturation, including axon outgrowth and dendrite tree formation, is regulated by complex mechanisms and related to several neurodevelopmental disorders. We demonstrated that one neuron-enriched microRNA, microRNA-182 (miR-182), played a significant role in regulating neuronal axon outgrowth and dendrite tree formation. Overexpression of miR-182 promoted axon outgrowth and complexity of the dendrite tree while also increasing the expression of neurofilament-M and neurofilament-L, which provide structural support for neurite outgrowth. However, a reduction of miR-182 inhibited neurite outgrowth. Furthermore, we showed that miR-182 activated the AKT pathway by increasing AKT phosphorylation on S473 and T308 and inhibiting PTEN activity by increasing phosphorylation on S380. Inhibition of AKT activity with the PI3-K inhibitor LY294002 could downregulate AKT and PTEN phosphorylation and suppress axon outgrowth. In addition, we showed that BCAT2 might be the target of miR-182 that takes part in the regulation of neuronal maturation; blockage of endogenous BCAT2 promotes axon outgrowth and AKT activity. These observations indicate that miR-182 regulates axon outgrowth and dendrite maturation involving activation of the PTEN/AKT pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wu M Wang
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xian W Su
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hao Lyu
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Wai S Poon
- Division of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgery, Prince of Wales HospitalThe Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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