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Fan J, Santos da Cruz NF, Negron CI, Zhu AY, Chang TC, Berrocal AM. Foveal photoreceptor atrophy, persistent fetal vasculature, congenital cataracts, and microphthalmia in a pediatric patient with BCOR-associated oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome. Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2024; 34:102060. [PMID: 38699441 PMCID: PMC11063980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2024.102060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose To report a case of oculo-facio-cardio-dental (OFCD) syndrome secondary to a novel BCOR variant in a pediatric patient with congenital cataracts, microphthalmia, persistent fetal vasculature (PFV), focal chorioretinal hyperpigmentation, peripheral retinal avascularity, and foveal photoreceptor atrophy. Observations A 3-month-old female patient was referred for bilateral congenital cataracts with microphthalmia. Her past medical history was significant for syndactyly of the toes, left bifid rib, atrial septal defect, patent ductus arteriosus, mitral regurgitation, pulmonary hypertension, anemia of prematurity, vesicoureteral reflux, and duodenal atresia. Examination under anesthesia revealed persistent fetal vasculature (PFV) with peripheral avascularity, foveal photoreceptor atrophy, and focal chorioretinal hyperpigmentation. A bilateral lensectomy with anterior vitrectomy and posterior capsulotomy were performed. Genetic testing identified a novel heterozygous pathogenic variant in the BCOR gene (c.1612C > T (p.Gln538Ter)), confirming a diagnosis of OFCD syndrome. Conclusions and importance This case describes novel posterior segment findings in a patient with OFCD. A detailed examination of both anterior and posterior segments in combination with multimodal imaging should be performed in patients suspected of having OFCD, as this may be critical in determining visual potential and appropriate surgical management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Fan
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | | | - Catherin I. Negron
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Angela Y. Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Ta C. Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Audina M. Berrocal
- Department of Ophthalmology, Bascom Palmer Eye Institute, Miami, FL, USA
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2
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Dehner CA, Lazar AJ, Chrisinger JSA. Updates on WHO classification for small round cell tumors: Ewing sarcoma vs. everything else. Hum Pathol 2024; 147:101-113. [PMID: 38280658 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2024.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
The WHO Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours currently recognizes four categories of undifferentiated small round cell sarcoma: Ewing sarcoma, round cell sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusions including NFATc2 and PATZ1, CIC-rearranged sarcoma, and sarcoma with BCOR genetic alterations. These neoplasms frequently pose significant diagnostic challenges due to rarity and overlapping morphologic and immunohistochemical findings. Further, molecular testing, with accompanying pitfalls, may be needed to establish a definitive diagnosis. This review summarizes the clinical, histologic, immunohistochemical, and molecular features of these neoplasms. In addition, differential diagnosis and areas of uncertainty and ongoing investigation are discussed.
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MESH Headings
- Humans
- Sarcoma, Ewing/genetics
- Sarcoma, Ewing/pathology
- Sarcoma, Ewing/classification
- Sarcoma, Ewing/chemistry
- Bone Neoplasms/pathology
- Bone Neoplasms/genetics
- Bone Neoplasms/classification
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/genetics
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/pathology
- Sarcoma, Small Cell/classification
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- World Health Organization
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Immunohistochemistry
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/genetics
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/classification
- RNA-Binding Protein EWS/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Gene Rearrangement
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics
- Predictive Value of Tests
- Phenotype
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina A Dehner
- Department of Anatomic Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Indiana University, 635 Barnhill Drive, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
| | - Alexander J Lazar
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA; Department of Genomic Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd, Houston, TX, 77030, USA.
| | - John S A Chrisinger
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Division of Anatomic and Molecular Pathology, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Ave, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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3
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Mavridou E, Lema Fernandez AG, Nardelli C, Pierini V, Quintini M, Arniani S, Di Giacomo D, Crescenzi B, Matteucci C, Sambani C, Mecucci C. A novel t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) translocation adds to the role of BCOR and RUNX1 in myelodysplastic syndromes and acute myeloid leukemias. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23235. [PMID: 38656651 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In myeloid neoplasms, both fusion genes and gene mutations are well-established events identifying clinicopathological entities. In this study, we present a thus far undescribed t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) in five cases with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) or acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The translocation was isolated or accompanied by additional changes. It did not generate any fusion gene or gene deregulation by aberrant juxtaposition with regulatory sequences. Molecular analysis by targeted next-generation sequencing showed that the translocation was accompanied by at least one somatic mutation in TET2, EZH2, RUNX1, ASXL1, SRSF2, ZRSR2, DNMT3A, and NRAS genes. Co-occurrence of deletion of RUNX1 in 21q22 and of BCOR in Xp11 was associated with t(X;21). BCOR haploinsufficiency corresponded to a significant hypo-expression in t(X;21) cases, compared to normal controls and to normal karyotype AML. By contrast, RUNX1 expression was not altered, suggesting a compensatory effect by the remaining allele. Whole transcriptome analysis showed that overexpression of HOXA9 differentiated t(X;21) from both controls and t(8;21)-positive AML. In conclusion, we characterized a new recurrent reciprocal t(X;21)(p11.4;q22.12) chromosome translocation in MDS and AML, generating simultaneous BCOR and RUNX1 deletions rather than a fusion gene at the genomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Mavridou
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Anair Graciela Lema Fernandez
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Carlotta Nardelli
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Valentina Pierini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Martina Quintini
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Silvia Arniani
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Danika Di Giacomo
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Barbara Crescenzi
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Caterina Matteucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Constantina Sambani
- Laboratory of Health Physics, Radiobiology & Cytogenetics, National Center for Scientific Research (NCSR) "Demokritos", Athens, Greece
| | - Cristina Mecucci
- Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Kim D, Kim SH, Yoon C, Lee GM. Genome-wide CRISPR/Cas9 knockout screening to mitigate cell growth inhibition induced by histone deacetylase inhibitors in recombinant CHO cells. Biotechnol Bioeng 2024; 121:931-941. [PMID: 38013500 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (iHDACs) have been extensively studied as enhancers of therapeutic protein production in recombinant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) (rCHO) cell cultures. However, the addition of iHDACs reduces the viable cell concentration (VCC) in rCHO cell cultures, thereby reducing their potential to enhance therapeutic protein production. To mitigate the negative effects of iHDACs on VCC, screening using a clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9)-based single-gene knockout (KO) library in rCHO cells was performed in the presence of CI994, a member of iHDACs, and 10 potential KO genes that enhanced the VCC of CI994-treated rCHO cells were identified. Among these, Bcor was validated as a promising KO target that improved VCC without negatively affecting the specific productivity in the presence of CI994. Bcor KO increased the VCC and therapeutic protein concentrations in both batch and fed-batch cultures in the presence of CI994. Taken together, these findings highlight the potential of the whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9-based single-gene KO cell library to identify KO target genes for the development of iHDAC-resistant rCHO cells for enhanced therapeutic protein production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongil Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Su Hyun Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Chansik Yoon
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gyun Min Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
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Barresi V, Cardoni A, Miele E, Pedace L, Masotto B, Nardini C, Barresi S, Rossi S. CNS tumor with CREBBP:: BCORL1 Fusion and pathogenic mutations in BCOR and CREBBP: expanding the spectrum of BCOR-altered tumors. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2024; 12:8. [PMID: 38216991 PMCID: PMC10785472 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-024-01726-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The fifth edition of the World Health Organization (WHO) classification of central nervous system (CNS) tumors introduced the new tumor type CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD), characterized by a distinct DNA methylation profile and peculiar histopathological features, including a circumscribed growth pattern, ependymoma-like perivascular pseudorosettes, microcystic pattern, absent or focal GFAP immunostaining, OLIG2 positivity, and BCOR immunoreactivity. We describe a rare case of a CNS tumor in a 45-year-old man with histopathological and immunohistochemical features overlapping the CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD) but lacking BCOR immunostaining and BCOR ITD. Instead, the tumor showed CREBBP::BCORL1 fusion and pathogenic mutations in BCOR and CREBBP, along with a DNA methylation profile matching the "CNS tumor with EP300:BCOR(L1) fusion" methylation class. Two CNS tumors with fusions between CREBBP, or its paralog EP300, and BCORL1, and approximately twenty CNS tumors with CREBBP/EP300::BCOR fusions have been reported to date. They exhibited similar ependymoma-like features or a microcystic pattern, along with focal or absent GFAP immunostaining, and shared the same DNA methylation profile. Given their morphological and epigenetic similarities, circumscribed CNS tumors with EP300/CREBBP::BCOR(L1) fusions and CNS tumors with BCOR ITD may represent variants of the same tumor type. The ependymoma-like aspect coupled with the lack of diffuse GFAP immunostaining and the presence of OLIG2 positivity are useful clues for recognizing these tumors in histopathological practice. The diagnosis should be confirmed after testing for BCOR(L1) gene fusions and BCOR ITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Barresi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Policlinico G.B. Rossi, P.le L.A. Scuro, 10, Verona, 37138, Italy.
| | - Antonello Cardoni
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Oncohematology Research Area, Genetics and Epigenetics of tumors, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Oncohematology Research Area, Genetics and Epigenetics of tumors, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Barbara Masotto
- Unit of Cranial Posterior Fossa Surgery, University and Hospital Trust of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Nardini
- Oncohematology Research Area, Genetics and Epigenetics of tumors, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabina Barresi
- Oncohematology Research Area, Genetics and Epigenetics of tumors, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Sabrina Rossi
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Sharma AE, Dermawan JK, Sherrod AE, Chopra S, Maki RG, Antonescu CR. When molecular outsmarts morphology: Malignant ossifying fibromyxoid tumors masquerading as osteosarcomas, including a novel CREBZF::PHF1 fusion. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2024; 63:e23206. [PMID: 37819540 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.23206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
We present two cases of malignant ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) which eluded diagnosis due to compelling clinicopathologic mimicry, compounded by similarly elusive underlying molecular drivers. The first is of a clavicle mass in a 69 year-old female, which histologically showed an infiltrative nested and trabeculated proliferation of monomorphic cells giving rise to scattered spicules of immature woven bone. Excepting SATB2 positivity, the lesion showed an inconclusive immunoprofile which along with negative PHF1 FISH led to an initial diagnosis of high-grade osteosarcoma. Next generation sequencing (NGS) revealed a particularly rare CREBBP::BCORL1 fusion. The second illustrates the peculiar presentation of a dural-based mass in a 52 year-old female who presented with neurologic dyscrasias. Sections showed a sheeted monotonous proliferation of ovoid to spindle cells, but in contrast to Case #1, the tumor contained an exuberance of reticular osteoid and woven bone deposition mimicking malignant osteogenic differentiation. NGS showed a novel CREBZF::PHF1 fusion. Both tumors recurred locally less than 1 year post-operatively. As such we reiterate that careful morphologic examination is axiomatic to any diagnosis in our discipline, but this paradigm must shift to recognize that molecular diagnostics can provide closure where traditional tools have notable limitations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aarti E Sharma
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, New York, USA
| | - Josephine K Dermawan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
- Robert J. Tomsich Pathology and Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Andy E Sherrod
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Shefali Chopra
- Department of Pathology, University of Southern California, Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Robert G Maki
- Department of Medicine, Sarcoma Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Cristina R Antonescu
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
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Nakata S, Arai Y, Fukuoka K, Shirakura T, Yamazaki A, Osawa S, Hama N, Shibata T, Miyagishima T, Horiguchi K, Tosaka M, Yokoo H, Yoshimoto Y, Nobusawa S. Pediatric diffuse glioma with EP300:: BCOR fusion manifesting as low-grade epilepsy-associated neuroepithelial tumor: a case presentation. Brain Tumor Pathol 2024; 41:35-39. [PMID: 38133797 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-023-00475-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakata
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Yasuhito Arai
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kohei Fukuoka
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Saitama Children's Medical Center, Saitama, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shirakura
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Ayako Yamazaki
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Sho Osawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
- Department of Neurosurgery and Neuro-Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Natsuko Hama
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shibata
- Division of Cancer Genomics, National Cancer Center Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takaaki Miyagishima
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Keishi Horiguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Masahiko Tosaka
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Hideaki Yokoo
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan
| | - Yuhei Yoshimoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Maebashi, Japan
| | - Sumihito Nobusawa
- Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-39-22, Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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Moleiro AF, Oliveira JS, Grangeia A, Faria P, Falcão-Reis F, Magalhães A, Silva SE. Ocular severe involvement in oculofaciocardiodental syndrome: Description of a case series. Eur J Ophthalmol 2024; 34:NP6-NP11. [PMID: 37157789 DOI: 10.1177/11206721231170406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Oculofaciocardiodental (OFCD) syndrome is a rare genetic disorder affecting ocular, facial, dental, and cardiac systems, being an X-linked condition caused by pathogenic variants in the BCL-6 corepressor gene (BCOR). We report a case series of three female patients with OFCD syndrome with severe glaucoma. RESULTS Three female patients with OFCD syndrome with different variants involving BCOR gene, in heterozygosity: a seven-years-old girl with an insertion (c.2037_2038dupCT), a nine years-old girl with a microdeletion in the X (p21.2-p11.4)) spanning the BCOR gene; and a 25 years-old female with a deletion (c.3858_3859del). Systemic involvement is variable among patients ranging from one patient mainly with ocular and dental involvement to one with associated intra-auricular and intra-ventricular defects. All the patients presented with congenital cataracts diagnosed in the first days of life. Cataract surgery was performed without incidents between 6 and 16 weeks of age in all the patients. Postoperatively, the three patients developed ocular hypertension and glaucoma with the need for surgical interventions, including trabeculectomy, Ahmed valve implantation, and cyclophotocoagulation. CONCLUSION OFCD syndrome characterizes by a severe ocular involvement with glaucoma as a characteristic feature. Ocular hypertension after cataract surgery in these patients is challenging, almost always needing surgery during childhood. Therefore, we consider BCOR disruption may predispose to a higher incidence of glaucoma due to its aggressiveness and early onset on our case series. The awareness of these complications is crucial to an adequate follow-up of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Filipa Moleiro
- Department of Ophthalmology, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Grangeia
- Department of Medical Genetics, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Pedro Faria
- Department of Ophthalmology, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fernando Falcão-Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Augusto Magalhães
- Department of Ophthalmology, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sérgio Estrela Silva
- Department of Ophthalmology, São João Hospital University Center, Porto, Portugal
- Department of Surgery and Physiology, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Mizuno R, Sasaki A, Suzuki T, Adachi JI, Shirahata M, Nishikawa R, Mishima K. Successful Treatment of a CNS Tumor with BCOR Internal Tandem Duplication: A Case Report. NMC Case Rep J 2023; 10:343-348. [PMID: 38249434 PMCID: PMC10796265 DOI: 10.2176/jns-nmc.2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A central nervous system (CNS) tumor with BCL-6 co-repressor (BCOR) internal tandem duplication (CNS tumor with BCOR ITD) is a rare tumor classified as an embryonal tumor by the World Health Organization classification (5th edition), and the prognosis is generally poor. A successfully treated case is reported, and its treatment is discussed. A five-year-old boy presented with a one-month history of headache and vomiting. Magnetic resonance imaging showed a well-demarcated, left-frontal tumor without perifocal edema. The patient underwent complete resection without a neurological deficit. Anti-BCOR antibody showed strong immunoreactivity in tumor nuclei, and the tumor was diagnosed as a CNS tumor with BCOR ITD. The patient received craniospinal irradiation (CSI) comprising 23.4 Gy, followed by a boost to the primary site to a total dose of 30.6 Gy in daily fractions of 1.8 Gy. The chemotherapy comprised four cycles of vincristine, cyclophosphamide, and cisplatin with peripheral blood stem cell rescue. The clinical course was uneventful throughout the treatment, the tumor has not recurred for four years, and no neurological impairment was reported. CSI and multiagent chemotherapy were effective for a CNS tumor with BCOR ITD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reina Mizuno
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sasaki
- Department of Pathology, Saitama Medical University, Moroyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - Tomonari Suzuki
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Adachi
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Shirahata
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Ryo Nishikawa
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Mishima
- Department of Neuro-Oncology/Neurosurgery, Saitama International Medical Center, Hidaka, Saitama, Japan
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Thway K, Fisher C. A Practical Approach to Small Round Cell Tumors Involving the Gastrointestinal Tract and Abdomen. Surg Pathol Clin 2023; 16:765-778. [PMID: 37863565 DOI: 10.1016/j.path.2023.05.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Small round cell neoplasms are diagnostically challenging owing to their clinical and pathologic overlap, necessitating use of large immunopanels and molecular analysis. Ewing sarcomas (ES) are the most common, but EWSR1 is translocated in several diverse neoplasms, some with round cell morphology. Molecular advances enable classification of many tumors previously termed 'atypical ES'. The current WHO Classification includes two new undifferentiated round cell sarcomas (with CIC or BCOR alterations), and a group of sarcomas in which EWSR1 partners with non-Ewing family transcription factor genes. This article reviews the spectrum of small round cell sarcomas within the gastrointestinal tract and abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khin Thway
- Sarcoma Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital, London SW3 6JJ, UK; Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK.
| | - Cyril Fisher
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SW3 6JB, UK; Department of Pathology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham B15 2GW, UK
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11
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Motoi T, Hirata M, Kukita Y, Satomi K, Tamura H, Adachi S, Matsushita Y, Horiguchi SI, Hishima T, Ikegami M, Okuma T, Tao K, Arakawa A, Ogawa C, Matsuda K, Ichimura K, Nakamura H, Mori T, Yoshida A. KDM2B-Rearranged Soft Tissue Sarcomas Expand the Concept of BCOR-Associated Sarcoma. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100317. [PMID: 37634866 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2023.100317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Sarcomas with BCOR genetic alterations (BCOR-associated sarcomas) represent a recently recognized family of soft tissue and bone tumors characterized by BCOR fusion, BCOR internal tandem duplication, or YWHAE::NUTM2B fusion. Histologically, the tumors demonstrate oval to spindle cell proliferation in a variably vascular stroma and overexpression of BCOR and SATB2. Herein, we describe 3 soft tissue sarcomas with KDM2B fusions that phenotypically and epigenetically match BCOR-associated sarcomas. The cases included 1 infant, 1 adolescent, and 1 older patient. All tumors showed histologic findings indistinguishable from those of BCOR-associated sarcomas and were originally diagnosed as such based on the phenotype. However, none of the tumors had BCOR or YWHAE genetic alterations. Instead, targeted RNA sequencing identified in-frame KDM2B::NUTM2B, KDM2B::CREBBP, and KDM2B::DUX4 fusions. KDM2B fusions were validated using reverse-transcription PCR, Sanger sequencing, and in situ hybridization assays. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis matched all 3 tumors with BCOR-associated sarcomas using the Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum (DKFZ) classifier and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis. One localized tumor showed a flat genome-wide copy number profile, and the patient remained disease-free after treatment. The other tumors showed multiple copy number alterations, including MDM2/CDK4 amplification and/or CDKN2A/B loss, and both tumors metastasized, leading to the patient's death in one of the cases. When tested using KDM2B immunohistochemistry, all 3 KDM2B-rearranged sarcomas showed diffuse strong staining, and all 13 sarcomas with BCOR genetic alterations also demonstrated diffuse, strong, or weak staining. By contrast, among 72 mimicking tumors, only a subset of synovial sarcomas showed focal or diffuse weak KDM2B expression. In conclusion, our study suggests that KDM2B-rearranged soft tissue sarcomas belong to the BCOR-associated sarcoma family and expand its molecular spectrum. This may be related to the known molecular relationship between KDM2B and BCOR in the polycomb repressive complex 1.1. Immunohistochemical analysis of KDM2B is a potentially valuable diagnostic tool for BCOR-associated sarcomas, including those with KDM2B rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Toru Motoi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Makoto Hirata
- Laboratory of Genome Technology, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Genetic Medicine and Services, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoji Kukita
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kaishi Satomi
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Pathology, Kyorin University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Tamura
- Department of Pathology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shiro Adachi
- Department of Pathology, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuko Matsushita
- Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichiro Horiguchi
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsunekazu Hishima
- Department of Pathology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masachika Ikegami
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomotake Okuma
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Tokyo Metropolitan Cancer and Infectious Diseases Center Komagome Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kayoko Tao
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ayumu Arakawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chitose Ogawa
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Ichimura
- Department of Brain Disease Translational Research, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taisuke Mori
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiko Yoshida
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan; Rare Cancer Center, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan.
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12
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Soukup J, Valtr O, Brtkova J, Zoul Z, Staniczkova-Zambo I, Hojny J, Kamaradova K. Soft tissue sarcoma with ZC3H7B:: BCOR fusion in a male mimicking low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma - A case report. Pathol Res Pract 2023; 251:154831. [PMID: 37837859 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2023.154831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Diagnosis of soft tissue tumors is often challenging, given the large number of entities, often with non-specific or overlapping morphology. Although morphology still plays an important part in diagnostic process, additional studies including immunohistochemistry and molecular genetics are often needed to arrive at correct diagnosis. We report a case of 61-year-old male with subcutaneous tumor in right hip area, that was surgically removed. The tumor was composed of uniform bland spindle cells in mild to moderately cellular myxoid nodules, with limited areas of collagenization and the diagnosis of low grade fibromyxoid sarcoma was made. The tumor recurred 3 years after the initial diagnosis and the new sample showed a high-grade round cell sarcoma with limited residual low-grade areas and non-specific immunoprofile after extended immunohistochemical work-up. Molecular analysis demonstrated ZC3H7B::BCOR fusion. Sarcomas with ZC3H7B::BCOR fusion occurring outside of uterus are exceedingly rare. A comprehensive review of previously published cases and a short discussion about classification of the entity is provided, together with data about morphology and immunoprofile of the lesions. The case also underscores the necessity of extended work up of soft tissue tumors with unusual immunohistochemical or morphological features in order to accurately assess their biological potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Soukup
- Department of Pathology, Military University Hospital Prague, U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200, Praha 6, Prague 16902, Czech Republic; The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic; Department of Pathology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Studnickova 2039, Nové Mesto, Prague 12800, Czech Republic.
| | - Ondrej Valtr
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Jindra Brtkova
- Department of Radiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenek Zoul
- Department of Oncology and Radiotherapy, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic
| | - Iva Staniczkova-Zambo
- 1st Department of Pathology, St. Anne´s University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University, Pekarská 664/53, Brno-stred, Brno 60200, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hojny
- Department of Pathology, Charles University, First Faculty of Medicine and General University Hospital in Prague, Studnickova 2039, Nové Mesto, Prague 12800, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Kamaradova
- The Fingerland Department of Pathology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Králové and University Hospital Hradec Králové, Sokolska 581, Hradec Kralove 50005, Czech Republic; Unilabs Pathology k.s., Evropská 2589/33B, Praha 6, Dejvice, Prague 16000, Czech Republic
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13
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Reis LM, Amor DJ, Haddad RA, Nowak CB, Keppler-Noreuil KM, Chisholm SA, Semina EV. Alternative Genetic Diagnoses in Axenfeld-Rieger Syndrome Spectrum. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1948. [PMID: 37895297 PMCID: PMC10606241 DOI: 10.3390/genes14101948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Axenfeld-Rieger anomaly (ARA) is a specific ocular disorder that is frequently associated with other systemic abnormalities. PITX2 and FOXC1 variants explain the majority of individuals with Axenfeld-Rieger syndrome (ARS) but leave ~30% unsolved. Here, we present pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in nine families with ARA/ARS or similar phenotypes affecting five different genes/regions. USP9X and JAG1 explained three families each. USP9X was recently linked with syndromic cognitive impairment that includes hearing loss, dental defects, ventriculomegaly, Dandy-Walker malformation, skeletal anomalies (hip dysplasia), and other features showing a significant overlap with FOXC1-ARS. Anterior segment anomalies are not currently associated with USP9X, yet our cases demonstrate ARA, congenital glaucoma, corneal neovascularization, and cataracts. The identification of JAG1 variants, linked with Alagille syndrome, in three separate families with a clinical diagnosis of ARA/ARS highlights the overlapping features and high variability of these two phenotypes. Finally, intragenic variants in CDK13, BCOR, and an X chromosome deletion encompassing HCCS and AMELX (linked with ocular and dental anomalies, correspondingly) were identified in three additional cases with ARS. Accurate diagnosis has important implications for clinical management. We suggest that broad testing such as exome sequencing be applied as a second-tier test for individuals with ARS with normal results for PITX2/FOXC1 sequencing and copy number analysis, with attention to the described genes/regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda M. Reis
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (L.M.R.); (S.A.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - David J. Amor
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
| | - Raad A. Haddad
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolic Diseases, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Catherine B. Nowak
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Kim M. Keppler-Noreuil
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI 53726, USA;
| | - Smith Ann Chisholm
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (L.M.R.); (S.A.C.)
| | - Elena V. Semina
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA; (L.M.R.); (S.A.C.)
- Department of Pediatrics and Children’s Research Institute, Medical College of Wisconsin and Children’s Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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14
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Wagh V, Menon S, Maheshwari A, Gupta S, Deodhar KK, Rekhi B. High-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma displaying immunohistochemical expression of BCOR-A report of two cases of a novel tumor entity. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2023; 66:829-833. [PMID: 38084541 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1021_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Several defining molecular alterations have recently been identified underlying high-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas, such as YWHAE: NUTM2A/B fusions, ZC3H7B: BCOR fusions, and BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD). BCOR is a useful immunohistochemical marker for identifying these tumors. A 37-year-old lady was presented with a 10-cm-sized tumor in the pouch of Douglas, involving the vaginal vault, bilateral adnexa, and peritoneum. A 53-year-old lady with a prior hysterectomy was presented with a 12-cm-sized tumor in the vault with abdominal deposits. Histopathological examination of both tumors revealed atypical cells comprising oval to spindle-shaped nuclei, a variable amount of myxoid stroma, and mitotic figures exceeding 10/10 high power fields. Immunohistochemically, the former tumor was diffusely positive for CD10, and the second tumor displayed patchy staining. Both tumors were positive for BCOR. Estrogen receptor (ER) showed variable staining in both tumors. By fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH), both tumors lacked YWHAE gene rearrangement. Both tumors had an aggressive clinical course, including extensive involvement This constitutes the first report of BCOR-positive high-grade sarcomas involving the female genital tract from our subcontinent. BCOR is a useful immunostain for identifying these relatively aggressive tumors. The differential diagnoses and the prognosis of these ultra-rare tumors are discussed herewith.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha Wagh
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Santosh Menon
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Amita Maheshwari
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sudeep Gupta
- Department of Medical Oncology (Gynecology Disease Management Group), Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kedar K Deodhar
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
| | - Bharat Rekhi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tata Memorial Hospital, Mumbai, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI) University, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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15
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Rekhi B, Kosemehmetoglu K, Ergen FB, Vengurlekar V, Rumde R, Shetty O, Guler G. Spectrum of Histopathological, Immunohistochemical, Molecular and Radiological Features in 12 Cases of BCOR::CCNB3-positive Sarcomas With Literature Review. Int J Surg Pathol 2023; 31:1244-1264. [PMID: 36591870 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221143467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Introduction BCOR::CCNB3-positive undifferentiated sarcomas are rare. Herein, we present clinicopathological features including immunohistochemical and molecular data, along with the radiological profile of 12 such tumors. Methods Tumors were tested for BCOR::CCNB3 fusion by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique. Eight tumors were tested for EWSR1 and three for SS18 gene rearrangements by fluorescence in situ hybridization, and two for SS18::SSX fusion by fragment analysis. Results Ten of 12 patients were male with ages ranging between 4 and 17 years (median = 13, average = 14.4). Nine tumors occurred in bones and three in soft tissues (median size = 8 cm). Four of five tumors within the appendicular bones were metadiaphyseal and appeared as permeative lesions, invariably associated with cortical thickening. Three tumors displayed mineralization. Histopathologically, the tumors comprised round to epithelioid cells with round to oval to spindle-shaped nuclei, mostly diffusely arranged in a myxoid stroma with intervening thin-walled vessels. Immunohistochemically, tumor cells were positive for BCOR (10/11), SATB2 (8/9), TLE1 (5/6), cyclinD1 (4/4), and EMA (3/8). All tumors revealed BCOR::CCNB3 fusion transcript. Nine patients underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy, including five who underwent surgical resection, with two patients, who received adjuvant radiation therapy. A single patient, each, underwent palliative chemotherapy and palliative radiotherapy, respectively. Four patients developed pulmonary metastasis and three developed local recurrences. Four patients were alive-with-disease and two were free-of-disease. Conclusions It is crucial to identify BCOR::CCNB3 fusion-positive sarcomas, given significant treatment-associated implications. Certain clinicoradiological, histopathological features, absent EWSR1 rearrangement and BCOR, SATB2, and TLE1 immunoexpression are useful for triaging these tumors for molecular testing. A review of the literature on these ultra-rare tumors, including their diagnostic mimics is presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bharat Rekhi
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tata Memorial Centre, Homi Bhabha National Institue (HBNI) University, Mumbai, India
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, HBNI University, Mumbai, India
| | | | | | - Vaibhavi Vengurlekar
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, HBNI University, Mumbai, India
| | - Rachna Rumde
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, HBNI University, Mumbai, India
| | - Omshree Shetty
- Division of Molecular Diagnostics and Translational Medicine, HBNI University, Mumbai, India
| | - Gaye Guler
- Department of Pathology, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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16
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Bouligny IM, Maher KR, Grant S. Secondary-Type Mutations in Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Updates from ELN 2022. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:3292. [PMID: 37444402 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15133292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The characterization of the molecular landscape and the advent of targeted therapies have defined a new era in the prognostication and treatment of acute myeloid leukemia. Recent revisions in the European LeukemiaNet 2022 guidelines have refined the molecular, cytogenetic, and treatment-related boundaries between myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) and AML. This review details the molecular mechanisms and cellular pathways of myeloid maturation aberrancies contributing to dysplasia and leukemogenesis, focusing on recent molecular categories introduced in ELN 2022. We provide insights into novel and rational therapeutic combination strategies that exploit mechanisms of leukemogenesis, highlighting the underpinnings of splicing factors, the cohesin complex, and chromatin remodeling. Areas of interest for future research are summarized, and we emphasize approaches designed to advance existing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian M Bouligny
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Keri R Maher
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
| | - Steven Grant
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University Massey Cancer Center, Richmond, VA 23298, USA
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17
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Sugino H, Satomi K, Mori T, Mukai Y, Honda-Kitahara M, Matsushita Y, Ichimura K, Narita Y, Yoshida A. High-grade neuroepithelial tumor with EP300:: BCOR fusion and negative BCOR immunohistochemical expression: a case report. Brain Tumor Pathol 2023. [PMID: 36811792 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-023-00451-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
In the World Health Organization tumor classification (fifth edition), central nervous system (CNS) tumors with BCOR internal tandem duplications have been recognized as a new tumor type. Some recent studies have reported CNS tumors with EP300::BCOR fusions, predominantly in children and young adults, expanding the spectrum of BCOR-altered CNS tumors. This study reports a new case of high-grade neuroepithelial tumor (HGNET) with an EP300::BCOR fusion in the occipital lobe of a 32-year-old female. The tumor displayed anaplastic ependymoma-like morphologies characterized by a relatively well-circumscribed solid growth with perivascular pseudorosettes and branching capillaries. Immunohistochemically, OLIG2 was focally positive and BCOR was negative. RNA sequencing revealed an EP300::BCOR fusion. The Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum DNA methylation classifier (v12.5) classified the tumor as CNS tumor with BCOR/BCORL1 fusion. The t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding analysis plotted the tumor close to the HGNET with BCOR alteration reference samples. BCOR/BCORL1-altered tumors should be included in the differential diagnosis of supratentorial CNS tumors with ependymoma-like histological features, especially when they lack ZFTA fusion or express OLIG2 even in the absence of BCOR expression. Analysis of published CNS tumors with BCOR/BCORL1 fusions revealed partly overlapping but not identical phenotypes. Further studies of additional cases are required to establish their classification.
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18
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Tauziède-Espariat A, Uro-Coste E, Sievers P, Nicaise Y, Mariet C, Siegfried A, Pierron G, Guillemot D, Benzakoun J, Pallud J, Roques M, Bonneville F, Larrieu-Ciron D, Chaynes P, Saffroy R, Hamelin J, Hasty L, Métais A, Chrétien F, Kool M, Gojo J, Varlet P. CNS tumor with EP300:: BCOR fusion: discussing its prevalence in adult population. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:26. [PMID: 36782314 PMCID: PMC9926824 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01523-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Central Nervous System (CNS) tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD) has recently been added as a novel embryonal histomolecular tumor type to the 2021 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification of CNS Tumors. In addition, other CNS tumors harboring a BCOR/BCORL1 fusion, which are defined by a distinct DNA-methylation profile, have been recently identified in the literature but clinical, radiological and histopathological data remain scarce. Herein, we present two adult cases of CNS tumors with EP300::BCOR fusion. These two cases presented radiological, histopathological, and immunohistochemical homologies with CNS tumors having BCOR ITD in children. To compare these tumors with different BCOR alterations, we performed a literature review with a meta-analysis. CNS tumors with EP300::BCOR fusion seem to be distinct from their BCOR ITD counterparts in terms of age, location, progression-free survival, tumor growth pattern, and immunopositivity for the BCOR protein. CNS tumors from the EP300::BCOR fusion methylation class in adults may be added to the future WHO classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnault Tauziède-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014, Paris, France. .,Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France. .,Université de Paris, Paris, France.
| | - Emmanuelle Uro-Coste
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Department of Pathology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France ,grid.468186.5Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUniversité Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Philipp Sievers
- grid.5253.10000 0001 0328 4908Department of Neuropathology, Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Clinical Cooperation Unit Neuropathology, German Cancer Research Center DKFZ), German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Yvan Nicaise
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Department of Pathology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France ,grid.468186.5Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUniversité Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Cassandra Mariet
- grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France ,grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Aurore Siegfried
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Department of Pathology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France ,grid.468186.5Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), INSERM U1037, Toulouse, France ,grid.15781.3a0000 0001 0723 035XUniversité Paul Sabatier, Toulouse III, Toulouse, France
| | - Gaëlle Pierron
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Curie Institute Research Center, INSERMU830 Paris, France ,grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Laboratory of Somatic Genetics, Curie Institute Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Delphine Guillemot
- grid.418596.70000 0004 0639 6384Paris-Sciences-Lettres, Curie Institute Research Center, INSERMU830 Paris, France
| | - Joseph Benzakoun
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France ,grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Radiology, GHU Paris-Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Johan Pallud
- grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France ,grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Université de Paris, Paris, France ,grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neurosurgery, GHU Paris-Psychiatrie et Neurosciences, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Margaux Roques
- grid.414282.90000 0004 0639 4960Department of Radiology, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Fabrice Bonneville
- grid.414282.90000 0004 0639 4960Department of Radiology, Purpan University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Delphine Larrieu-Ciron
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Department of Neurology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France ,grid.488470.7Department of Medical Oncology, IUCT-Oncopole, Toulouse, France
| | - Patrick Chaynes
- grid.411175.70000 0001 1457 2980Department of Neurosurgery, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse, France
| | - Raphaël Saffroy
- grid.413133.70000 0001 0206 8146Department of Biochemistry and Oncogenetic, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Jocelyne Hamelin
- grid.413133.70000 0001 0206 8146Department of Biochemistry and Oncogenetic, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France
| | - Lauren Hasty
- grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Alice Métais
- grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France ,grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France ,grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Marcel Kool
- grid.510964.fHopp Children’s Cancer Center (KiTZ), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.7497.d0000 0004 0492 0584Division of Pediatric Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany ,grid.487647.ePrincess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Gojo
- grid.22937.3d0000 0000 9259 8492Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Comprehensive Center for Pediatrics and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pascale Varlet
- grid.414435.30000 0001 2200 9055Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, 1, Rue Cabanis, 75014 Paris, France ,grid.7429.80000000121866389Institut de Psychiatrie et Neurosciences de Paris (IPNP), UMR S1266, INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Paris, France ,grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Université de Paris, Paris, France
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19
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Fiore M, Taddia A, Indio V, Bertuccio SN, Messelodi D, Serravalle S, Bandini J, Spreafico F, Perotti D, Collini P, Di Cataldo A, Pasquinelli G, Chiarini F, Fois M, Melchionda F, Pession A, Astolfi A. Molecular Signature of Biological Aggressiveness in Clear Cell Sarcoma of the Kidney (CCSK). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36835166 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is a rare pediatric renal tumor with a worse prognosis than Wilms' tumor. Although recently, BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD) has been found as a driver mutation in more than 80% of cases, a deep molecular characterization of this tumor is still lacking, as well as its correlation with the clinical course. The aim of this study was to investigate the differential molecular signature between metastatic and localized BCOR-ITD-positive CCSK at diagnosis. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) and whole-transcriptome sequencing (WTS) were performed on six localized and three metastatic BCOR-ITD-positive CCSKs, confirming that this tumor carries a low mutational burden. No significant recurrences of somatic or germline mutations other than BCOR-ITD were identified among the evaluated samples. Supervised analysis of gene expression data showed enrichment of hundreds of genes, with a significant overrepresentation of the MAPK signaling pathway in metastatic cases (p < 0.0001). Within the molecular signature of metastatic CCSK, five genes were highly and significantly over-expressed: FGF3, VEGFA, SPP1, ADM, and JUND. The role of FGF3 in the acquisition of a more aggressive phenotype was investigated in a cell model system obtained by introducing the ITD into the last exon of BCOR by Crispr/Cas9 gene editing of the HEK-293 cell line. Treatment with FGF3 of BCOR-ITD HEK-293 cell line induced a significant increase in cell migration versus both untreated and scramble cell clone. The identification of over-expressed genes in metastatic CCSKs, with a particular focus on FGF3, could offer new prognostic and therapeutic targets in more aggressive cases.
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20
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Pritzl SL, Gurney M, Badar T, Ferrer A, Lasho T, Finke C, Mangaonkar A, McCullough K, Gangat N, Fernandez J, Al-Kali A, Viswanatha D, He R, Foran J, Patnaik MM. Clinical and molecular spectrum and prognostic outcomes of U2AF1 mutant clonal hematopoiesis- a prospective mayo clinic cohort study. Leuk Res 2023; 125:107007. [PMID: 36586169 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2022.107007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie L Pritzl
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mark Gurney
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Talha Badar
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Alejandro Ferrer
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Terra Lasho
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Christy Finke
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Abhishek Mangaonkar
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kristen McCullough
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Naseema Gangat
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Jenna Fernandez
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Aref Al-Kali
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - David Viswanatha
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Rong He
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - James Foran
- Mayo Clinic, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Mrinal M Patnaik
- Mayo Clinic, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Hematology, Rochester, MN, USA.
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21
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Salgado CM, Alaggio R, Ciolfi A, Zin A, Diomedi Camassei F, Pedace L, Milano GM, Serra A, Di Giannatale A, Mastronuzzi A, Gianatti A, Bisogno G, Ferrari A, Tartaglia M, Reyes-Múgica M, Locatelli F, Miele E. Pediatric BCOR-Altered Tumors From Soft Tissue/Kidney Display Specific DNA Methylation Profiles. Mod Pathol 2023; 36:100039. [PMID: 36853789 DOI: 10.1016/j.modpat.2022.100039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
In the pediatric population, BCL6-correpresor gene (BCOR)-upregulated tumors include primitive myxoid mesenchymal tumors/undifferentiated sarcomas (PMMTI/UND), clear cell sarcomas of the kidney (CCSK), and high-grade neuroepithelial tumors (HG-NET). We investigated DNA methylation (DNAm) and copy number variation (CNV) profiling in these tumors (N = 34) using an Illumina EPIC BeadChip to better define the potential use of these tools to confirm diagnosis and predict outcomes. Twenty-seven tumors from 25 patients (age range, 0-10 years), showed molecular confirmation of genetic abnormalities as follows: BCOR internal tandem duplication in 14 PMMTI/UND, 8 CCSK, and 3 HG-NET and YWHAE fusions in 2 PMMTI/UND. The remaining 7 cases lacking informative molecular data were analyzed by immunophenotyping and were included in the study as a training cohort, clearly separated from the main study group. These were 4 PMMTI, 1 HG-NET, and 1 CCSK in which poor RNA preservation precluded the confirmation of BCOR rearrangements and 1 CCSK in which no rearrangements were found. DNAm data were compared with those of brain tumor and/or sarcoma classifier. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were analyzed in the 3 groups. Twenty-two cases of the 24 molecularly confirmed PMMTI/UND and CCSK and 3 of 6 of those with only immunophenotyping were classified within the methylation class "BCOR-altered sarcoma family" with optimal calibrated scores. PMMTI/UND and CCSK showed similar methylation profiles, whereas thousands of DMRs and significantly enriched pathways were evident between soft tissue/kidney tumors and HG-NET. The CNV analysis showed an overall flat profile in 19 of the 31 evaluable tumors (8/10 CCSK; 9/18 PMMTI/UND; 2/4 HG-NET). The most frequent CNVs were 1q gain and 9p and 10q loss. Follow-up time data were available for 20 patients: ≥2 CNV significantly correlated with a worse overall survival rate. In conclusion, soft tissue and kidney BCOR sarcomas matched with BCOR-altered sarcoma methylation class, whereas those from the brain matched with the central nervous system tumor classifier HG-NET BCOR, supporting the notion that DNAm profiling is an informative diagnostic tool. CNV alterations were associated with a more aggressive clinical behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia M Salgado
- Division of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Rita Alaggio
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.
| | - Andrea Ciolfi
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Angelica Zin
- Clinica di Oncoematologia Pediatrica Azienda Ospedaliera, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Francesca Diomedi Camassei
- Pathology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Lucia Pedace
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Maria Milano
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Annalisa Serra
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Di Giannatale
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Mastronuzzi
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Gianatti
- Department of Pathology, Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Gianni Bisogno
- Department of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, Università di Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Ferrari
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Medical Oncology and Hematology Department, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Istituto Nazionale Tumori, Milano, Italy
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy
| | - Miguel Reyes-Múgica
- Division of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Franco Locatelli
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy; Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Pediatric Onco-Hematology and Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Rome, Italy.
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22
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Bosco S, Lyons T, Shpigel M, Minimo C, Bhat R, Zwillenberg S, Bhojwani A. BCOR-Rearranged Sarcoma of the Tonsil. Ear Nose Throat J 2023:1455613221141612. [PMID: 36634208 DOI: 10.1177/01455613221141612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A tonsillar mass in a young patient with no medical issues routinely presents as an infectious process. Practitioners must maintain a broad differential if diagnostic testing does not support an infection. Neoplasm must be excluded. Otolaryngologists must consider malignancies other than squamous cell carcinoma, the most common oropharyngeal malignancy, and lymphoma. Rare tumors, such as sarcomas, must also be considered. Otolaryngologists must be familiar with the proper management of rare oropharyngeal malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Bosco
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tanner Lyons
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Melanie Shpigel
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Corrado Minimo
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Rehka Bhat
- Department of Pathology, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Seth Zwillenberg
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Amit Bhojwani
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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23
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Pan H, Byers J, Yin H, Rytting H, Logan S, He M, Yu Z, Wang D, Mangray S, Zhou S. The utility of TLE1 and BCOR as immunohistochemical markers for angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma. Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2023; 16:32-39. [PMID: 36910892 PMCID: PMC9993016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Diagnosis of angiomatoid fibrous histiocytoma (AFH) can be challenging due to its variable histologic features and a lack of highly sensitive and/or specific immunohistochemical markers. The utility of TLE1 and BCOR as immunohistochemical markers for AFH is not known. METHODS We examined the spectrum of histologic features of 36 AFHs, and studied the expression of both TLE1 and BCOR in AFH and its mimics by immunohistochemical staining. Positive nuclear expression was scored semiquantitatively. RESULTS Both typical and unusual histologic features of AFHs were observed in this cohort. TLE1 was moderately to strongly positive in 36/36 AFHs, 4/4 synovial sarcomas, and 2/3 BCOR sarcomas; weakly positive in 4/6 inflammatory myofibroblastic tumors; negative in all dermatofibromas (n = 10), atypical fibrous histiocytomas (n = 5), myofibroma (n = 2) and juvenile xanthogranulomas (n = 5), with an overall sensitivity of 100%, and specificity of 71.4% for AFH. BCOR was moderately to strongly positive in 24/36 AFHs, 4/4 synovial sarcomas, 3/3 BCOR sarcomas, and 1/5 atypical fibrous histiocytomas; weakly positive in 10/36 AFHs; negative in the remaining tumors. The overall sensitivity and specificity of BCOR for AFH were 94.4% and 77.1%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS TLE1 is a highly sensitive immunohistochemical marker for AFH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Pan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, USC/LAC+USC Medical Center Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Joshua Byers
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles CA, USA
| | - Hong Yin
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Suzanna Logan
- Children's Healthcare of Atlanta Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Mai He
- Washington University in Saint Louis Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Zhongxin Yu
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Dehua Wang
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | | | - Shengmei Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles CA, USA.,Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California Los Angeles, CA, USA
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24
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Suo MJ, Chen WC, Xu ZQ, Tian GX, Li T, Li P, Sheng W, Huang GY, Ma XJ. X-linked BCOR variants identified in Chinese Han patients with congenital heart disease. J Gene Med 2023; 25:e3461. [PMID: 36314054 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.3461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital heart disease (CHD) frequently manifests as a complex phenotype and approximately one-third of cases may be caused by genetic factors. BCOR, an X-linked gene encoding the corepressor of BCL6, has been demonstrated to be closely involved in human heart development. However, whether BCOR variants represent the genetic etiology underlying CHD needs further investigation. METHODS We performed whole exome sequencing on CHD nuclear families and identified a candidate gene, BCOR, by robust bioinformatic analysis and medical literature searches. Targeted DNA sequencing of the candidate gene was conducted and then the association between variants and the risk of developing CHD was analyzed. The effects of BCOR mutations on gene expression, localization, protein interaction, and signaling pathways were evaluated in vitro. RESULTS We identified a BCOR hemizygous missense variant (c.1448C>T, p.Pro483Leu) in a male proband presented with CHD/heterotaxy. Sanger sequencing confirmed that this variant was inherited from his asymptomatic mother. Interestingly, through literature searches, we observed another novel BCOR hemizygous missense variant (c.1619G>A, p.Arg540Gln) in a CHD patient with heterotaxy, supporting the pathogenic evidence of BCOR variants. Functional experiments conducted in vitro revealed that the variant p.Pro483Leu altered the subcellular localization of BCOR protein, disrupted its interaction with BCL6, and significantly promoted cell proliferation, whereas the variant p.Arg540Gln displayed no obvious effects. Nevertheless, transcriptional analysis revealed that down-regulation of BCOR substantially enhanced the activities of mitogen-activated protein and phosphoinositide 3-kinase-AKT signaling pathways, which are closely attributed to heart development. Targeted sequencing of 932 sporadic CHD patients enriched nine variants of BCOR predicted as likely rare and damaging and a septal defect was present in 81.8% (9/11) of them, including the two probands, which was consistent with the possible phenotype caused by BCOR defects. CONCLUSIONS The findings of the present study indicate that variants in BCOR may predispose individuals to CHD in the Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Jiao Suo
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Cheng Chen
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Qing Xu
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Gui-Xiang Tian
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ting Li
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Li
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei Sheng
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Ying Huang
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Ma
- Children's Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Birth Defects, Shanghai, China.,Research Unit of Early Intervention of Genetically Related Childhood Cardiovascular Diseases (2018RU002), Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shanghai, China
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25
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Zhang M, Yao X, Guan X, Jia C, Zhang R, Wang H, Guo Y, Ni X, Yu Y, He L. Clinical relevance of BCOR internal tandem duplication and TP53 aberration in clear cell sarcoma of the kidney. Hum Pathol 2022; 134:45-55. [PMID: 36563883 DOI: 10.1016/j.humpath.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Clear cell sarcoma of the kidney (CCSK) is the second most common pediatric renal malignancy, characterized by BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD), YWHAE rearrangement, BCOR-CCNB3 fusion, and lack of other consistent structural alteration. We accidentally identified TP53 deletion in CCSK, which was often associated with adverse clinical outcomes. In this study, we assessed the incidence as well as the clinical relevance of these molecules in CCSK patients. BCOR ITD, YWHAE rearrangement, BCOR-CCNB3 fusion and TP53 status were examined by polymerase chain reaction, fluorescence in situ hybridization, or Sanger sequencing in a cohort of 39 patients with CCSK. Among them, 34 cases (87.18%) had BCOR ITD, 1 (2.56%) had YWHAE rearrangement, and 1 (2.56%) had BCOR-CCNB3 gene fusion. The remaining 3 (7.69%) harbored none of these aberrations. BCOR ITD, YWHAE rearrangement and BCOR-CCNB3 were mutually exclusive. Furthermore, 25.64% of the cohort acquired TP53 aberration (10/39, 3 with both copy number deletion and point mutation, 6 with deletion only, and 1 with mutation only), all of which were associated with BCOR ITD. Patients with or without BCOR ITD or TP53 aberration did not differ in demographic characteristics such as sex, onset age, or tumor stage at diagnosis. However, the overall survival rates and progression-free survival rates of BCOR ITD or TP53 deletion groups showed obvious downward trends, albeit not all reaching statistical significance. Patients with both BCOR ITD and TP53 deletion had the poorest prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xingfeng Yao
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xiaoxing Guan
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Chao Jia
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Ruqian Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Huanmin Wang
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yongli Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Xin Ni
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China; Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China; Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China
| | - Yongbo Yu
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China; Biobank for Clinical Data and Samples in Pediatrics, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China.
| | - Lejian He
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health (NCCH), Beijing, 100045, China.
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26
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Abstract
We report on a 47-year-old patient suffering from bilateral gonalgia, weight loss and night sweats without fever of several months' duration. Diagnostic work-up for infectious and autoimmune diseases showed no abnormal results. A CT scan showed extensive foci of sclerosis throughout the axial skeleton. In the trephine biopsy, foamy cell infiltrates were found with expression of histiocytic markers without expression of Langerhans cell markers. Molecular analysis revealed a low allelic BRAF V600E and BCOR mutation. The diagnosis of Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) was made. The histologic findings and molecular findings, the clinical and radiologic presentation before and 6 months after therapy as well as possible differential diagnoses of this very rare disease are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Mayr
- Institut für Pathologie und Mikrobiologie, Klinik Ottakring, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Wien, Österreich.
| | - Niklas Zojer
- 1. Medizinische Abteilung - Zentrum für Onkologie und Hämatologie mit Ambulanz und Palliativstation, Klinik Ottakring, Wien, Österreich
| | - Siroos Mirzaei
- Institut für Nuklearmedizin mit PET-Zentrum, Klinik Ottakring, Wien, Österreich
| | - Andreas Chott
- Institut für Pathologie und Mikrobiologie, Klinik Ottakring, Montleartstraße 37, 1160, Wien, Österreich
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27
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Niehusmann P, Stensvold E, Leske H, Pietsch T, Goschzik T, Gielen GH, Due-Tønnessen B, Frič R, Nilssen Y, Brandal P. Molecular pathological insights reveal a high number of unfavorable risk patients among children treated for medulloblastoma and CNS-PNET in Oslo 2005-2017. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29736. [PMID: 35570402 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An unexplained regional difference in survival was observed in previous publications on outcome for children treated for medulloblastoma and supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor (CNS-PNET) in Norway. We aimed now to reevaluate and perform a retrospective molecular-based risk stratification of all embryonal brain tumors (excluding atypical teratoid rhabdoid tumors [ATRT]) in pediatric patients, who underwent surgery and treatment at Oslo University Hospital between 2005 and 2017. PROCEDURE Specimens from all patients <20 years of age with initial diagnosis of medulloblastoma or CNS-PNET were reviewed. Molecular analyses comprised NanoString gene expression, molecular inversion probe profiling, Sanger sequencing, and 850K-methylation analysis. Whole chromosomal aberration signatures were assessed in standard-risk non-WNT/non-SHH medullobastomas for molecular risk stratification. RESULTS We identified 53 non-ATRT embryonal tumors among which 33 were medulloblastomas. Molecular genetic parameters including whole chromosomal aberration signatures allowed classification of 17 medulloblastomas as molecular high risk. These patients had a significantly worse 5-year overall survival than the remaining 16 medulloblastoma patients (52.9% vs. 87.1% p = 0.036). Five patients in our cohort had tumors that are considered as new entities in the 2021 classification of tumors of the central nervous system. Five tumors were re-classified as nonembryonal tumors after review. CONCLUSION Molecular-based risk stratification of standard-risk non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma enabled superior identification of medulloblastomas with dismal prognosis. Our cohort demonstrated a significantly increased fraction of standard-risk non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma with molecular high-risk profile compared to other studies, which might have contributed to previously reported unfavorable outcome data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pitt Niehusmann
- Department of Neurology/Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine (KlinMED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Einar Stensvold
- Department of Pediatrics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Henning Leske
- Department of Neurology/Pathology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine (KlinMED), University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Torsten Pietsch
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Tobias Goschzik
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | - Gerrit H Gielen
- Institute of Neuropathology, DGNN Brain Tumor Reference Center, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Radek Frič
- Department of Neurosurgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yngvar Nilssen
- Department of Registration, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Petter Brandal
- Department of Oncology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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Yamazaki A, Arai Y, Fukuoka K, Nakano Y, Hama N, Nakata S, Makino K, Kuroda JI, Shinojima N, Mukasa A, Mikami Y, Ichimura K, Shibata T, Yokoo H, Nobusawa S. Diffusely infiltrating glioma with CREBBP- BCORL1 fusion showing overexpression of not only BCORL1 but BCOR: A case report. Brain Tumor Pathol 2022. [PMID: 35596897 DOI: 10.1007/s10014-022-00435-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
BCORL1 encodes a transcriptional corepressor homolog to BCOR. BCORL1 rearrangements have been previously described as rare events, and among them, CREBBP-BCORL1 has been reported only in 2 cases of ossifying fibromyxoid tumors. Herein, we present the first case of diffusely infiltrating glioma with CREBBP-BCORL1 involving a 17-year-old female patient. Histologically, the tumor was composed of a diffusely infiltrative proliferation of small tumor cells with moderate cellularity showing prominent microcystic formation. DNA methylation analysis revealed that the current case and a previously reported anaplastic ependymoma with EP300-BCORL1 were clustered together in close proximity to but distinct from methylation class high-grade neuroepithelial tumor with BCOR alteration. RNA sequencing demonstrated high mRNA expression of not only BCORL1 but BCOR, and the latter was compatible with diffuse nuclear expression of BCOR detected by immunohistochemistry. Our findings suggest that central nervous system tumors with CREBBP/EP300-BCORL1 may exhibit diverse morphologies but form a distinct DNA methylation group and that BCORL1 fusion genes may lead to upregulation of both BCOR and BCORL1.
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Alkanat NE, Uner A, Usubutun A. High-grade Endometrial Stromal Sarcoma: Morphologic and Clinical Features, the Role of Immunohistochemistry and Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization in Diagnosis. Int J Surg Pathol 2022:10668969221098087. [PMID: 35506912 DOI: 10.1177/10668969221098087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Introduction. High-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (HGESS) are rare malignant mesenchymal tumors of the uterus with aggressive poor clinical outcome, which frequently exhibit YWHAE::NUTM2 and ZC3H7B::BCOR fusions. In this study, we aimed to investigate HGESSs with YWHAE and BCOR translocations through our archive materials, and to identify morphological, immunohistochemical and molecular features of these tumors. We also assessed the diagnostic value of BCOR immunohistochemistry (IHC) in HGESSs, low-grade endometrial stromal sarcomas (LGESS) and uterine leiomyosarcomas. Methods. One hundred fifty-one uterine sarcomas diagnosed between 2000-2019 were reevaluated, and tumors of 39 patients with specific features were included in the study. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) studies using YWHAE and BCOR break-apart probes and BCOR IHC were performed. BCOR IHC was also performed in 20 leiomyosarcomas and 19 LGESSs. Results. In six HGESSs, translocations involving YWHAE or BCOR were detected. Five tumors showed high-grade morphology and revealed YWHAE translocation. One HGESS with myxoid morphology revealed BCOR translocation. In immunohistochemistry, three (3/4) YWHAE translocated HGESSs showed BCOR expression. However, the BCOR translocated HGESS was BCOR negative. The study showed that all LGESSs were immunohistochemically negative with BCOR. Although 15% (3/20) leiomyosarcomas reveal focal weak-moderate BCOR expression. Conclusion. BCOR IHC is a useful marker to distinguish LGESS from HGESS. A small percentage of uterine leiomyosarcomas reveal BCOR expression; however, it is not as diffuse and strong as in HGESSs. Strong and diffuse BCOR IHC expression is highly suggestive for HGESS. The diagnosis of HGESS should be supported by molecular studies such as FISH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nazli Eylem Alkanat
- Department of Pathology, 37515Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uner
- Department of Pathology, 37515Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Alp Usubutun
- Department of Pathology, 37515Hacettepe University Faculty of Medicine, Ankara, Turkey
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30
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Gianno F, Miele E, Antonelli M, Giangaspero F. Embryonal tumors in the WHO CNS5 classification: A Review. INDIAN J PATHOL MICR 2022; 65:S73-S82. [PMID: 35562137 DOI: 10.4103/ijpm.ijpm_1049_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Embryonal tumors are a heterogenous group of neoplasms mostly defined by recurrent genetic driver events. They have been, previously, broadly classified as either medulloblastoma or supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNETs). However, the application of DNA methylation/gene expression profiling in large series of neoplasms histologically defined as PNET, revealed tumors, which showed genetic events associated with glial tumors. These findings led to the definitive removal of the term "PNET" in the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of CNS tumors. Moreover, further studies on a large scale of methylation profiling have allowed the identification of new molecular-defined entities and have largely influenced the 5th edition of the WHO classification of CNS tumors (WHO CNS5) for both medulloblastomas and other CNS embryonal tumors. The importance of molecular characteristics in CNS embryonal tumors is well represented by the identification of different molecular groups and subgroups in medulloblastoma. So, in the CNS5, the emerged group 3 and group 4 belong to the classification, and the four molecular and morphologic types are now combined into a unique section. Among other embryonal tumors, two new recognized entities are introduced in CNS5: CNS neuroblastoma, FOXR2-activated, and CNS tumor with BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD). Embryonal tumor with multilayered rosettes (ETMR), already present in the previous classification now has a revised nomenclature as a result of the new DICER1 alteration, additional to the formerly known C19MC. Regarding atypical teratoid/rhabdoid tumor (AT/RT), three molecular subgroups are recognized in CNS5. The combination of histopathological and molecular features reflects the complexity of all these tumors and gives critical information in terms of prognosis and therapy. This encourages the use of a layered diagnostic report with the integrated diagnosis at the top, succeeded by layers including the histological, molecular, and other essential details.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Gianno
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-pathological Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Evelina Miele
- Department of Hematology/Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | - Manila Antonelli
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-pathological Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Felice Giangaspero
- Department of Radiological, Oncological and Anatomo-pathological Sciences, University Sapienza of Rome, Rome; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli (IS), Italy
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31
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Vanhersecke L, Linck PA, Le Loarer F. [Fusion-related round and spindle cell sarcomas of the bone (beyond Ewing)]. Ann Pathol 2022; 42:227-241. [PMID: 35216845 DOI: 10.1016/j.annpat.2022.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Round cell sarcomas represent a diagnostic challenge for pathologists due to the poorly differentiated pattern of these high-grade tumors. Their diagnosis often requires large immunohistochemical panels and the use of molecular pathology. These tumors are largely dominated by Ewing sarcomas, but new families are now well characterized, including in decreasing frequency order in bone, BCOR-altered sarcomas, NFATc2-rearranged sarcomas, mesenchymal chondrosarcomas and more rarely CIC-rearranged sarcomas and myoepithelial tumors. This progress report presents microscopic, immunohistochemical and molecular features of these tumors previously named by the inappropriate term "Ewing-like" sarcomas, in order to enable any pathologist to perceive the morphological features of these sarcomas, to select the immunohistochemical panel that will lead to the diagnosis and to better guide the molecular approach needed to establish the final diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Vanhersecke
- Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France; Département de biopathologie, institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
| | | | - François Le Loarer
- Université de Bordeaux, 33400 Talence, France; Département de biopathologie, institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France; Inserm U1218, ACTION, institut Bergonié, 33000 Bordeaux, France
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32
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Hu Q, Mai J, Xiang Q, Zhou B, Liu S, Wang J. A novel deletion mutation in the BCOR gene is associated with oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome: a case report. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:82. [PMID: 35130870 PMCID: PMC8819928 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03148-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome is a rare X-linked dominant syndrome, characterized by radiculomegaly, congenital cataracts, dysmorphic facial features, and congenital heart disease. Because of the rarity, this syndrome could be misdiagnosed by the clinician, especially for the infant who may present only one to two systems involved. Case presentation Here we report a 3-month-old female infant presenting with typical clinical manifestations of oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome, like ocular, facial, cardiac, and skeletal abnormalities, and the genetic analyses of the proband and her parents were provided. Genetic evaluations were completed using whole exon sequencing, which revealed a novel heterozygous mutation between exons 7 and 14 of the BCOR gene(OMIM:300485) in this patient but not in her parents. This mutation is likely to encode a premature stop codon producing a truncated protein. Our patient was diagnosed early enough to allow for the cardiac defects to be treated first, and she will be closely followed up to ensure that any new presentations are treated in a timeous manner. Conclusion This patient fits the diagnostic criteria for oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome and is the youngest oculo-facio-cardio-dental syndrome patient ever reported, which is most important for her prognosis. In addition, this manuscript also describes a novel potenitally causative mutation for this syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Hu
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Centre for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Jingqun Mai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China
| | - Qinqin Xiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Centre for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Clinical Research Center for Birth Defects of Sichuan Province, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, P.R. China
| | - Shanling Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China.,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China. .,Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041, WH, China.
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Tauziede-Espariat A, Macagno N, Pissaloux D, Figarella-Branger D, Appay R, Bochaton D, Tazi S, Kauv P, Hasty L, Métais A, Chrétien F, Varlet P. A potential diagnostic pitfall: Primary synovial sarcoma of the central nervous system. Free Neuropathol 2022; 3:3-11. [PMID: 37284151 PMCID: PMC10209896 DOI: 10.17879/freeneuropathology-2022-3811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
(No abstract).
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnault Tauziede-Espariat
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris France
- INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Université de Paris, UMR S1266, Paris France
| | - Nicolas Macagno
- Department of Biopathology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon France
| | - Daniel Pissaloux
- Department of Biopathology, Léon Bérard Cancer Center, Lyon France
| | - Dominique Figarella-Branger
- Department of Pathology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse France
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse France
| | - Romain Appay
- Department of Pathology, Toulouse University Hospital, Toulouse France
- INSERM U1037, Cancer Research Center of Toulouse (CRCT), Toulouse France
| | - Dorian Bochaton
- Institut Curie Hospital, Laboratory of Somatic Genetics, Paris France
| | - Sanaa Tazi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil France
| | - Paul Kauv
- Department of Radiology, Henri Mondor Hospital, Créteil France
| | - Lauren Hasty
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris France
| | - Alice Métais
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris France
- INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Université de Paris, UMR S1266, Paris France
| | - Fabrice Chrétien
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris France
| | - Pascale Varlet
- Department of Neuropathology, GHU Paris - Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Sainte-Anne Hospital, Paris France
- INSERM, IMA-BRAIN, Institute of Psychiatry and Neurosciences of Paris, Université de Paris, UMR S1266, Paris France
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Kallen ME, Hornick JL. From the ashes of "Ewing-like" sarcoma: A contemporary update of the classification, immunohistochemistry, and molecular genetics of round cell sarcomas. Semin Diagn Pathol 2021; 39:29-37. [PMID: 34763921 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2021.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Round cell sarcomas include a diverse group of bone and soft tissue tumors, which comprise well-defined entities as well as several nascent categories presented in the 2020 World Health Organization classification. The morphologic overlap yet disparate nosology, prognostic implications, and management strategies places a high value on ancillary testing, including a strategic immunohistochemical approach and directed confirmation by cytogenetic and molecular genetic methods. We review the diagnostic categories that have emerged from the former wastebasket "undifferentiated round cell sarcoma" ("Ewing-like" sarcomas), with an emphasis on algorithmic exclusion of nonsarcomatous entities, diagnostic stratification of well-defined entities (Ewing sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcomas, poorly differentiated synovial sarcoma), and a discussion of the new categories with novel genetic alterations (CIC-rearranged sarcomas, sarcomas with BCOR genetic alterations, and round cell sarcomas with EWSR1-non-ETS fusions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael E Kallen
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore MD, United States
| | - Jason L Hornick
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston MA, United States.
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35
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Kavuncuoglu A, Durmaz CD, Gokoz O, Uner A, Kosemehmetoglu K. Undifferentiated Melanoma Resembling Undifferentiated Round Cell Sarcoma: The Diagnostic Power of Molecular Melanoma Signature. Int J Surg Pathol 2021; 30:346-349. [PMID: 34617795 DOI: 10.1177/10668969211052238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Melanomas presenting in primary or metastatic sites with a poorly differentiated histology comprise dedifferentiated (DM) and undifferentiated melanomas (UM), the latter consisting purely of undifferentiated cells and totally lacking immunophenotypic features of melanoma. These entities have a wide morphological spectrum including round cell sarcoma-like features which pose a significant diagnostic challenge. Here we present a case of UM with morphological and immunohistochemical features resembling undifferentiated round cell sarcoma, whose diagnosis could only be established after proper integration of clinical and molecular data. This diagnostically challenging case, fulfilling the previously proposed diagnostic criteria by Agaimy et al, expands the clinicopathological spectrum of DM/UM, highlights the essence of molecular signature, and further emphasizes the importance of patient's history in any morphological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ceren Damla Durmaz
- Department of Medical Genetics, 37515Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ozay Gokoz
- Department of Pathology, 37515Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Uner
- Department of Pathology, 37515Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
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36
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Gajdzis P, Pierron G, Klijanienko J. Cytology of Undifferentiated Round-Cell Sarcomas of Bone and Soft Tissue: Ewing Sarcoma or Not Ewing Sarcoma , That Is the Question. Acta Cytol 2021; 66:295-306. [PMID: 34515032 DOI: 10.1159/000518146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Undifferentiated round-cell sarcomas (URCSs) of soft tissue and bone are a group of clinically heterogeneous tumors. Diagnosis of these malignancies is based mainly on recurrent genetic alterations. The most common and the best known representative of this group is Ewing sarcoma (ES) which is characterized by gene fusions including EWSR1 or FUS and ETS transcription factors family. Other newly described entities are CIC-rearranged sarcoma, sarcoma with BCOR genetic alterations, and round-cell sarcoma with EWSR1-non-ETS fusions. All these novel tumors are known as Ewing-like sarcomas. SUMMARY It is believed that morphologic features of ES and Ewing-like sarcomas vary only slightly or even that cytomorphology is not relevant. But differences are usually obvious, and some cytologic findings, such as spindle cells, connective tissue fragments, or myxoid stroma, are typical for Ewing-like sarcomas but not for ES. Each of these entities is also characterized by different immunoprofiles. The aim of this review was to summarize cytomorphologic and immunohistochemical features of URCS and compare them with other small round-cell tumors. Key Messages: Cytology can be successfully used in URCS diagnosis as a complementary tool for core-needle biopsy or even alone in selected cases, especially in recurrent and metastatic tumors. Knowing the morphologic and immunohistochemical differences between URCS is essential to provide appropriate ancillary studies and make a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Gajdzis
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Pathology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
- Department of Pathology, Institut Curie, Paris, France
| | - Gaëlle Pierron
- Department of Biology of Tumors, Institut Curie, Paris, France
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Vasella M, Wagner U, Fritz C, Seidl K, Giudici L, Exner GU, Moch H, Wild PJ, Bode-Lesniewska B. Novel RGAG1- BCOR gene fusion revealed in a somatic soft tissue sarcoma with a long follow-up. Virchows Arch 2021; 480:1107-1114. [PMID: 34331570 PMCID: PMC9033707 DOI: 10.1007/s00428-021-03160-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BCOR-rearranged sarcomas are rare and belong to the Ewing-like sarcomas (ELS). Their morphology and histopathological features make the diagnosis challenging. We present a case, initially diagnosed as an unusual extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma (EMC). A 54-year-old male patient developed an asymptomatic swelling of the lower leg. Imaging showed a 9.5-cm large intramuscular soft tissue mass. Due to its morphological and immunohistochemical profile on biopsy, it was initially diagnosed as an EMC. The patient was treated by complete resection and adjuvant radiotherapy and remained free of tumor at 7 years follow-up. Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we retrospectively identified RGAG1-BCOR gene fusion (confirmed by RT-PCR), which has not been described in somatic soft tissue tumors so far. This finding broadens the spectrum of partner genes in the BCOR-rearranged sarcomas in a tumor with a well-documented, long clinical follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Vasella
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University Hospital Zurich, Rämistrasse 100, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ulrich Wagner
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christine Fritz
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kati Seidl
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Luca Giudici
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Holger Moch
- Institute of Pathology and Molecular Pathology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Johannes Wild
- Senckenberg Institute of Pathology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Beata Bode-Lesniewska
- Present Address: Pathology Institute Enge and University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Sirisena UDN, Rajakulasingam R, Saifuddin A. Imaging of bone and soft tissue BCOR-rearranged sarcoma. Skeletal Radiol 2021; 50:1291-1301. [PMID: 33388948 DOI: 10.1007/s00256-020-03683-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
With recent advances in molecular research, an ever-increasing number of undifferentiated round cell sarcomas without the characteristic gene fusions of Ewing sarcoma are being discovered. One specific subtype termed BCOR-rearranged sarcoma belongs to this group. Previously termed 'Ewing-like' sarcoma, it was formally included with undifferentiated round cell tumours in the 2013 WHO Classification of Soft Tissue and Bone Tumours. However, in the 2020 WHO Classification, BCOR-sarcoma is now recognized as a distinct entity due to particular morphological and immunohistochemical features and differing clinical outcomes. As with classical Ewing sarcoma, osseous BCOR-rearranged sarcoma is an aggressive tumour with a similar clinical presentation. However, there are only a small handful of case series and isolated reports detailing the imaging characteristics, typically demonstrating an aggressive bone lesion with a large soft tissue mass. Soft tissue BCOR-sarcoma is even rarer. The aim of the current review is to describe the patient demographics, lesion locations and various imaging characteristics of histologically proven cases of musculoskeletal bone and soft tissue BCOR-sarcoma as described in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramanan Rajakulasingam
- Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, London, HA7 4LP, UK.
| | - Asif Saifuddin
- Department of Radiology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, Middlesex, London, HA7 4LP, UK
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Kyriazoglou A, Tourkantoni N, Liontos M, Zagouri F, Mahaira L, Papakosta A, Michali D, Patereli A, Stefanaki K, Tzotzola V, Skoura E, Baka M, Polychronopoulou S, Kattamis A, Dimitriadis E. A Case Series of BCOR Sarcomas With a New Splice Variant of BCOR/CCNB3 Fusion Gene. In Vivo 2021; 34:2947-2954. [PMID: 32871837 DOI: 10.21873/invivo.12125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Undifferentiated round cell sarcomas are a heterogeneous group of sarcomas. Identification of BCOR alterations, such as BCOR/CCNB3 and BCOR/MAML3 fusion genes and BCOR ITD has recently contributed in the precise diagnosis of these neoplasms, defining a new entity of the current classification of soft tissue and bone sarcomas. BCOR sarcomas share both morphological and genetic characteristics distinct from Ewing sarcomas. The scope of our study was to retrospectively identify BCOR sarcomas and find the correlations with the clinical outcome of these patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Histopathology and immunohistochemistry of pediatric tumor samples were combined with molecular testing (PCR) and fluorescent in situ hybridization to find BCOR sarcomas. RESULTS We, herein, present our experience with BCOR sarcomas in a referral center of Greece. Moreover, we report in one case the detection of a variant BCOR/CCNB3 fusion not previously described. CONCLUSION We are the first to report a splice variant of BCOR/CCNB3 which reveals the central position of BCOR in the oncogenesis of these tumors, furthermore we highlight the importance of molecular diagnostics in Ewing-like sarcomas and discuss the current treatment options for this rare entity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia Tourkantoni
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Michalis Liontos
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Flora Zagouri
- Department of Clinical Therapeutics, General Hospital Alexandra, Athens, Greece
| | - Louisa Mahaira
- Department of Genetics, Aghios Savvas Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Dimitra Michali
- Department of Genetics, Aghios Savvas Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Amalia Patereli
- Department of Pathology, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Kalliopi Stefanaki
- Department of Pathology, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Vasiliki Tzotzola
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Margarita Baka
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Panagiotis and Aglaia Kyriakou Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Antonis Kattamis
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, First Department of Pediatrics, Aghia Sofia Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Li L, Zhang M, Chen S, Sun X, Xu H, Li L, Zhang T, Huang X, Ye H, Ding Y. Detection of BCOR gene rearrangement in Ewing-like sarcoma: an important diagnostic tool. Diagn Pathol 2021; 16:50. [PMID: 34103053 PMCID: PMC8185946 DOI: 10.1186/s13000-021-01114-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background BCOR-CCNB3 sarcoma (BCS) is a group of undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas harboring the BCOR gene rearrangement which shares morphology with the Ewing sarcoma family as well as other malignant round blue cell tumors, thus making them difficult to diagnose. The aim of this study was to explore the role of molecular techniques in the diagnosis of BCS. Methods Twenty-three cases of EWSR1 rearrangement-negative undifferentiated small round cell sarcomas (Ewing-like sarcoma) were analyzed for the presence of BCOR gene rearrangement by Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and Reverse Transcription -Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). The clinicopathological features of the positive cases were also reviewed. Fifteen additional cases were used as negative controls. Results Eight cases were found with BCOR gene rearrangement by FISH and reappraised as BCS. The patients ranged in age from 8 to 20 years old, with a male predominance (M:F = 6:2). All tumors were located in the lower extremities. The tumor locations were more common in bone (n = 6) than deep soft tissue (n = 2). Histologically, 7 of 8 tumors were predominately composed of spindle or ovoid cells. The tumor cells were usually arranged in solid hypercellular sheets without a distinct architectural pattern. IHC showed expression of TLE1 (100%), CCNB3 (88%), BCOR (71%). RT-PCR for BCOR-CCNB3 fusion transcript was positive in 7 of 8 cases. Pre-operative chemotherapy resulted in eradication of tumors in 5 patients after a follow-up of 7 to 42 months. Conclusions Efficient diagnosis of BCOR rearranged sarcomas is achieved by the using a combination of FISH and RT-PCR assays. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13000-021-01114-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lan Li
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shaoyu Chen
- Guangzhou LBP Medicine Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqi Sun
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hairong Xu
- Department of Orthopedic Oncology Surgery, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Li
- Guangzhou LBP Medicine Science & Technology Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tingting Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongtao Ye
- Department of Histopathology, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK. .,Department of Pathology, Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical University, Guilin, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yi Ding
- Department of Pathology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, The Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION BCOR rearranged sarcomas comprise a group of malignant mesenchymal tumors that until recently were classified as Ewing sarcomas or as undifferentiated round cell sarcomas. The identification of alterations involving BCOR gene such as BCOR-CCNB3, BCOR-MAML3, ZC3H7B-BCOR fusion genes and BCOR internal tandem duplication (ITD) is characteristic for the differential diagnosis of BCOR rearranged sarcomas. Due to the rarity of these tumors there is no consensus or guidelines regarding the optimal therapeutic algorithm, that clinicians should follow. PATIENTS AND METHODS Herein we have conducted a meta-analysis of the current reports dealing with the therapeutic approach of BCOR rearranged sarcomas. RESULTS Meta-analysis of the 57 eligible cases from 10 studies resulted to similar Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR) and overall survival (OS) for patients who received Ewing protocols and non-Ewing oriented treatment. Further similar death rate was reported for both strategies (non-Ewing 20% Vs Ewing 21.8%). CONCLUSION Our data support that non-Ewing treatment strategy can be considered a safe option, being at least equal to Ewing protocols. The current study provides a hint toward the optimal therapeutic approach of BCOR rearranged sarcomas. Further, the present study challenges the use of the term Ewing-like sarcomas, since the current literature supports that BCOR rearranged sarcomas deserve their own distinct classification in terms of genetics, pathology and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Kyriazoglou
- Second Propaedeutic Department of Medicine, Attikon University Hospital, Chaidari, Athens, Greece
| | - Pantelis Bagos
- Department of Computer Science and Biomedical Informatics, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece
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Eckardt JN, Stasik S, Kramer M, Röllig C, Krämer A, Scholl S, Hochhaus A, Crysandt M, Brümmendorf TH, Naumann R, Steffen B, Kunzmann V, Einsele H, Schaich M, Burchert A, Neubauer A, Schäfer-Eckart K, Schliemann C, Krause SW, Herbst R, Hänel M, Frickhofen N, Noppeney R, Kaiser U, Baldus CD, Kaufmann M, Rácil Z, Platzbecker U, Berdel WE, Mayer J, Serve H, Müller-Tidow C, Ehninger G, Stölzel F, Kroschinsky F, Schetelig J, Bornhäuser M, Thiede C, Middeke JM. Loss-of-Function Mutations of BCOR Are an Independent Marker of Adverse Outcomes in Intensively Treated Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:2095. [PMID: 33926021 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13092095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is characterized by recurrent genetic events. The BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) and its homolog, the BCL6 corepressor-like 1 (BCORL1), have been reported to be rare but recurrent mutations in AML. Previously, smaller studies have reported conflicting results regarding impacts on outcomes. Here, we retrospectively analyzed a large cohort of 1529 patients with newly diagnosed and intensively treated AML. BCOR and BCORL1 mutations were found in 71 (4.6%) and 53 patients (3.5%), respectively. Frequently co-mutated genes were DNTM3A, TET2 and RUNX1. Mutated BCORL1 and loss-of-function mutations of BCOR were significantly more common in the ELN2017 intermediate-risk group. Patients harboring loss-of-function mutations of BCOR had a significantly reduced median event-free survival (HR = 1.464 (95%-Confidence Interval (CI): 1.005-2.134), p = 0.047), relapse-free survival (HR = 1.904 (95%-CI: 1.163-3.117), p = 0.01), and trend for reduced overall survival (HR = 1.495 (95%-CI: 0.990-2.258), p = 0.056) in multivariable analysis. Our study establishes a novel role for loss-of-function mutations of BCOR regarding risk stratification in AML, which may influence treatment allocation.
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Nakata S, Yuan M, Rubens JA, Kahlert UD, Maciaczyk J, Raabe EH, Eberhart CG. BCOR Internal Tandem Duplication Expression in Neural Stem Cells Promotes Growth, Invasion, and Expression of PRC2 Targets. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22083913. [PMID: 33920124 PMCID: PMC8070097 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22083913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system tumor with BCL6-corepressor internal tandem duplication (CNS-BCOR ITD) is a malignant entity characterized by recurrent alterations in exon 15 encoding the essential binding domain for the polycomb repressive complex (PRC). In contrast to deletion or truncating mutations seen in other tumors, BCOR expression is upregulated in CNS-BCOR ITD, and a distinct oncogenic mechanism has been suggested. However, the effects of this change on the biology of neuroepithelial cells is poorly understood. In this study, we introduced either wildtype BCOR or BCOR-ITD into human and murine neural stem cells and analyzed them with quantitative RT-PCR and RNA-sequencing, as well as growth, clonogenicity, and invasion assays. In human cells, BCOR-ITD promoted derepression of PRC2-target genes compared to wildtype BCOR. A similar effect was found in clinical specimens from previous studies. However, no growth advantage was seen in the human neural stem cells expressing BCOR-ITD, and long-term models could not be established. In the murine cells, both wildtype BCOR and BCOR-ITD overexpression affected cellular differentiation and histone methylation, but only BCOR-ITD increased cellular growth, invasion, and migration. BCOR-ITD overexpression drives transcriptional changes, possibly due to altered PRC function, and contributes to the oncogenic transformation of neural precursors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Nakata
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.N.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.A.R.); (E.H.R.)
| | - Ming Yuan
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.N.); (M.Y.)
| | - Jeffrey A. Rubens
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.A.R.); (E.H.R.)
| | - Ulf D. Kahlert
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University Duesseldorf, D-40225 Dusseldorf, Germany;
| | - Jarek Maciaczyk
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Bonn, D-53127 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Eric H. Raabe
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (J.A.R.); (E.H.R.)
| | - Charles G. Eberhart
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; (S.N.); (M.Y.)
- Correspondence:
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Muthusamy B, Bellad A, Girimaji SC, Pandey A. Shukla-Vernon Syndrome: A Second Family with a Novel Variant in the BCORL1 Gene. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12030452. [PMID: 33810051 PMCID: PMC8005212 DOI: 10.3390/genes12030452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Shukla-Vernon syndrome (SHUVER) is an extremely rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by global developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral anomalies, and dysmorphic features. Pathogenic variants in the BCORL1 gene have been identified as the molecular cause for this disorder. The BCORL1 gene encodes for BCL-6 corepressor-like protein 1, a transcriptional corepressor that is an integral component of protein complexes involved in transcription repression. In this study, we report an Indian family with two male siblings with features of Shukla-Vernon syndrome. The patients exhibited global developmental delay, intellectual disability, kyphosis, seizures, and dysmorphic features including bushy prominent eyebrows with synophrys, sharp beaked prominent nose, protuberant lower jaw, squint, and hypoplastic ears with fused ear lobes. No behavioral abnormalities were observed. Whole exome sequencing revealed a novel potentially pathogenic arginine to cysteine substitution (p.Arg1265Cys) in the BCORL1 protein. This is the second report of Shukla-Vernon syndrome with a novel missense variant in the BCORL1 gene. Our study confirms and expands the phenotypes and genotypes described previously for this syndrome and should aid in diagnosis and genetic counselling of patients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babylakshmi Muthusamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (S.C.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Anikha Bellad
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore 560066, India;
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India
| | - Satish Chandra Girimaji
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (S.C.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal 576104, India
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore 560029, India
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Correspondence: (B.M.); (S.C.G.); (A.P.)
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Ishi Y, Shimizu A, Takakuwa E, Sugiyama M, Okamoto M, Motegi H, Hirabayashi S, Cho Y, Iguchi A, Manabe A, Nobusawa S, Tanaka S, Yamaguchi S. High-grade neuroepithelial tumor with BCL6 corepressor-alteration presenting pathological and radiological calcification: A case report. Pathol Int 2021; 71:348-354. [PMID: 33713516 DOI: 10.1111/pin.13083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 5-year-old girl presented with headache and vomiting. Head computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a right frontal lobe tumor with marked calcification. The patient underwent resection surgery with suspicion of anaplastic ependymoma, and the tumor was gross totally removed. Pathological examination revealed areas of dense tumor cells with a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio and myxoid areas consisting of tumor cells with a round-shaped nucleus and eosinophilic cytoplasm. Perivascular pseudorosette, necrosis, circumscribed growth, and microcalcification were also observed. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated negative staining for glial fibrillary protein and epithelial membrane antigen. Diagnosis of a high-grade neuroepithelial tumor (HGNET) with BCL6 corepressor (BCOR) alteration was made based on pathological findings and internal tandem duplication in the exon 15 of BCOR. Although calcification on radiological and pathological examination is not typical, it would be essential to recognize that calcification could appear in HGNET-BCOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukitomo Ishi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Ai Shimizu
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Emi Takakuwa
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Hokkaido University Hospital, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Minako Sugiyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Michinari Okamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Motegi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Hirabayashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Yuko Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Akihiro Iguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsushi Manabe
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Sumihito Nobusawa
- Department of Surgical Pathology and Department of Human Pathology, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan
| | - Shinya Tanaka
- Department of Cancer Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan.,WPI-ICReDD, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Shigeru Yamaguchi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Hokkaido, Japan
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Mohammad N, Stewart CJR, Chiang S, Turashvili G, Dickson BC, Ng TL, Köbel M, McCluggage WG, Croce S, Lee CH. p53 immunohistochemical analysis of fusion-positive uterine sarcomas. Histopathology 2021; 78:805-813. [PMID: 33118176 DOI: 10.1111/his.14292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Uterine sarcomas can be grouped into tumours with pathognomonic genetic fusions such as low-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS), high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HGESS), and inflammatory myofibroblastic tumour (IMT), and tumours lacking genetic fusions such as leiomyosarcoma (LMS) and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS). Members of the latter group frequently harbour TP53 mutations. The aim of this study was to evaluate TP53 mutations by the use of immunohistochemistry in fusion-positive uterine sarcomas. METHODS AND RESULTS We performed p53 immunohistochemical staining on 124 uterine sarcomas harbouring genetic fusions and 38 fusion-negative LMSs and UUSs. These included 41 HGESSs with YWHAE, BCOR and BCORL1 fusions/rearrangements, 13 IMTs with ALK fusion, 12 sarcomas with NTRK1/3 fusion, three sarcomas with PDGFB fusion, and 55 LGESSs with JAZF1, SUZ12 and PHF1 fusions/rearrangements. All HGESSs, LGESSs, IMTs and sarcomas with PDGFB fusion showed wild-type p53 expression. Among NTRK1/3-positive sarcomas, a TPR-NTRK1-positive sarcoma with nuclear pleomorphism showed mutation-type p53 expression. The remaining 11 NTRK1/3-positive sarcomas showed wild-type p53 expression, except for the subclonal p53 mutation-type staining in a minor pleomorphic focus of an NTRK3-positive sarcoma. Twenty-one of 27 (78%) LMSs and six of nine (67%) UUSs showed mutation-type p53 expression. CONCLUSION p53 immunohistochemistry may be considered in the initial work-up of a uterine sarcoma, as mutation-type staining would make a fusion-positive sarcoma very unlikely. Mutation-type p53 expression, however, can be seen in a small subset of NTRK1/3-positive sarcomas showing pleomorphic round/ovoid cell histology, which may represent a mechanism of progression in these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nissreen Mohammad
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Colin J R Stewart
- Department of Histopathology, King Edward Memorial Hospital and School for Women's and Infants' Health, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Sarah Chiang
- Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Gulisa Turashvili
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Brendan C Dickson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Tony L Ng
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Martin Köbel
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Calgary Laboratory Services and University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - W Glenn McCluggage
- Department of Pathology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Sabrina Croce
- Department of Pathology, Institut Bergonié Cancer Institute, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cheng-Han Lee
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Kang JH, Lee SH, Lee J, Choi M, Cho J, Kim SJ, Kim WS, Ko YH, Yoo HY. The mutation of BCOR is highly recurrent and oncogenic in mature T-cell lymphoma. BMC Cancer 2021; 21:82. [PMID: 33468080 PMCID: PMC7816311 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-021-07806-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background BCOR acts as a corepressor of BCL6, a potent oncogenic protein in cancers of the lymphoid lineage. We have found the recurrent somatic mutation of BCOR occurred in mature T-cell lymphoma (TCL). The role of BCOR mutation in lymphoid malignancies is unknown. Methods Lymphoma patient samples were analyzed to identify missense mutations in BCOR using Sanger sequencing. Transfection, RNA interference, immunoprecipitation, western blotting, cell proliferation, cytokine assays and quantitative real-time PCR were employed to determine the functional relevance of the novel K607E mutation in BCOR. The significant transcriptional changes were analyzed by performing DNA microarray profiling in cells expressing BCOR K607E mutant. Results One hundred thirty-seven lymphoma patient samples were analyzed to identify K607E mutation of the BCOR gene. The BCOR K607E mutation was identified in 15 of 47 NK/T cell lymphoma cases (31.9%), 2 of 18 angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma cases (11.1%), 10 of 30 peripheral T-cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified cases (33.3%), and 13 of 42 diffuse large B-cell lymphoma cases (30.9%). Molecular analysis of BCOR K607E mutation revealed that compared to the wild-type BCOR, the mutant BCOR bound to the BCL6, PCGF1, and RING1B proteins with lesser affinity. Ectopic expression of BCOR K607E mutant significantly enhanced cell proliferation, AKT phosphorylation and the expression of interleukin-2 (IL-2) with up-regulated expression of HOX and S100 protein genes in T cells. BCOR silencing also significantly enhanced cell proliferation, AKT phosphorylation, and IL-2 production. Conclusions Functional analyses indicated that K607E mutation of BCOR is oncogenic in nature and can serve as a genetic marker of T-cell lymphoma. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12885-021-07806-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Hyun Kang
- Clinical Research Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Ho Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Jawon Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Murim Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Junhun Cho
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea
| | - Seok Jin Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Won Seog Kim
- Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Hyeh Ko
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. .,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hae Yong Yoo
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University, 81 Ilwon-Ro, Gangnam-Gu, Seoul, 06351, South Korea. .,Samsung Biomedical Research Institute, Research Institute for Future Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea.
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48
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Song D, Wu S, Hu H, Dai X, Wang X. Long Noncoding RNA MIAT Regulates the Process of Laryngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Through Regulation of miR-147a/ BCOR. Arch Med Res 2021; 52:371-379. [PMID: 33419582 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Revised: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT) is a long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) that can play oncogenic role in different kinds of cancers. However, its role in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) remains unknown. AIM The study aimed to explore the effect of MIAT/miR-147a/BCOR axis on LSCC progression. METHODS The expression pattern of MIAT, miR-147a and BCOR in LSCC samples and cells was identified through qRT-PCR. The proliferation of LSCC cells was assessed by colony formation assay and CCK-8 assays. Transwell assays were implemented to test the migratory and invasive abilities of LSCC cells. Proteins associated with migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition were probed in transfected LSCC cells by western blot. The interaction of miR-147a with MIAT or BCOR was analyzed by luciferase reporter assays, RNA pulls down assays and Ago2-RIP assays. RESULTS High MIAT expression was closely correlated with unfavorable prognosis. MIAT knockdown inhibited cell proliferation, migration, invasion and EMT progress in LSCC. MIAT acted as a miR-147a sponge to increase the expression of BCOR. Silencing of MIAT suppressed LSCC progression through miR-147a/BCOR axis. CONCLUSION MIAT acts as an oncogene by controlling miR-147a/BCOR axis in LSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daoliang Song
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zibo Central Hospital, Zibo, Shandong, China
| | - Shuo Wu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huihua Hu
- Department of Oncology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Zengdu District, Suizhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyi Dai
- The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Tianhe District, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiaocong Wang
- Department of Oncology, Suizhou Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Zengdu District, Suizhou, Hubei, China.
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Francis JH, Richards AL, Mandelker DL, Berger MF, Walsh MF, Dunkel IJ, Donoghue MTA, Abramson DH. Molecular Changes in Retinoblastoma beyond RB1: Findings from Next-Generation Sequencing. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:E149. [PMID: 33466343 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13010149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The gene causing retinoblastoma was the first tumor suppressor cloned (1986) and because retinoblastoma is the classic example of autosomal dominant inheritance, there has been little research on non-RB1 alterations in tumors and the impact these alterations have on growth patterns in the eye, metastases and predilection for non-ocular cancers. This study interrogated enucleated retinoblastoma specimens using a MSK-IMPACT clinical next-generation sequencing panel with the aim to correlate them with clinicopathologic characteristics. We found that vitreous seeding (the main reason for eye removal) correlates with copy number variations, specifically 1q gains and 16q loss. We also found that somatic BCOR mutations correlate with propensity for metastasis and this offers a molecular pathway for monitoring high risk tumors. In addition, the finding that 11% of these retinoblastoma patients have additional germline mutations (on other chromosomes) that predispose them to a different host of cancers throughout their lives enables more targeted and specific screening strategies. Abstract This investigation uses hybridization capture-based next-generation sequencing to deepen our understanding of genetics that underlie retinoblastoma. Eighty-three enucleated retinoblastoma specimens were evaluated using a MSK-IMPACT clinical next-generation sequencing panel to evaluate both somatic and germline alterations. Somatic copy number variations (CNVs) were also identified. Genetic profiles were correlated to clinicopathologic characteristics. RB1 inactivation was found in 79 (97.5%) patients. All specimens had additional molecular alterations. The most common non-RB1 gene alteration was BCOR in 19 (22.9%). Five (11.0%) had pathogenic germline mutations in other non-RB1 cancer predisposition genes. Significant clinicopathologic correlations included: vitreous seeds associated with 1q gains and 16q loss of heterozygosity (BH-corrected p-value = 0.008, 0.004; OR = 12.6, 26.7, respectively). BCOR mutations were associated with poor prognosis, specifically metastases-free survival (MFS) (nominal p-value 0.03). Furthermore, retinoblastoma patients can have non-RB1 germline mutations in other cancer-associated genes. No two specimens had the identical genetic profile, emphasizing the individuality of tumors with the same clinical diagnosis.
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Abstract
The differential diagnosis of small round cell tumors (SRCT) crucially relies on the synoptic evaluation of morphology, immunohistochemical patterns, and molecular features. Though the implementation of broad RNA sequencing in diagnostic molecular pathology routines has substantially changed the standards of molecular affirmation of diagnoses, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue sections is still an elementary tool to provide a rapid molecular corroboration of diagnoses, essentially required for therapeutic decisions. We discuss here the major FISH approaches currently employed in diagnostic molecular pathology, addressing classic Ewing sarcoma and differential diagnoses among SRCT which cannot sufficiently be ruled out by immunohistochemistry. This chapter will approach technical issues but particularly strategies and pitfalls in the interpretation of FISH patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Trautmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hartmann
- Division of Translational Pathology, Gerhard-Domagk-Institute of Pathology, Münster, Germany.
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