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Wright AE, Collins JE, Roberts B, Roberts JC, Winder PL, Reed JK, Diaz MC, Pomponi SA, Chakrabarti D. Antiplasmodial Compounds from Deep-Water Marine Invertebrates. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:md19040179. [PMID: 33805935 PMCID: PMC8064351 DOI: 10.3390/md19040179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Novel drug leads for malaria therapy are urgently needed because of the widespread emergence of resistance to all available drugs. Screening of the Harbor Branch enriched fraction library against the Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine-resistant strain (Dd2) followed by bioassay-guided fractionation led to the identification of two potent antiplasmodials; a novel diterpene designated as bebrycin A (1) and the known C21 degraded terpene nitenin (2). A SYBR Green I assay was used to establish a Dd2 EC50 of 1.08 ± 0.21 and 0.29 ± 0.02 µM for bebrycin A and nitenin, respectively. Further analysis was then performed to assess the stage specificity of the inhibitors antiplasmodial effects on the Dd2 intraerythrocytic life cycle. Exposure to bebrycin A was found to block parasite maturation at the schizont stage if added any time prior to late schizogony at 42 hours post invasion, (HPI). In contrast, early life cycle exposure to nitenin (prior to 18 HPI) was identified as crucial to parasite inhibition, suggesting nitenin may target the maturation of the parasite during the transition from ring to early trophozoite (6–18 HPI), a novel property among known antimalarials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E. Wright
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US Highway 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.L.W.); (J.K.R.); (M.C.D.); (S.A.P.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.W.); (D.C.); Tel.: +1-772-242-2459 (A.E.W.); +1-407-882-2256 (D.C.)
| | - Jennifer E. Collins
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (J.E.C.); (B.R.)
| | - Bracken Roberts
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (J.E.C.); (B.R.)
| | - Jill C. Roberts
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US Highway 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.L.W.); (J.K.R.); (M.C.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Priscilla L. Winder
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US Highway 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.L.W.); (J.K.R.); (M.C.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | - John K. Reed
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US Highway 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.L.W.); (J.K.R.); (M.C.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Maria Cristina Diaz
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US Highway 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.L.W.); (J.K.R.); (M.C.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Shirley A. Pomponi
- Harbor Branch Oceanographic Institute, Florida Atlantic University, 5600 US Highway 1 North, Fort Pierce, FL 34946, USA; (J.C.R.); (P.L.W.); (J.K.R.); (M.C.D.); (S.A.P.)
| | - Debopam Chakrabarti
- Burnett School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL 32826, USA; (J.E.C.); (B.R.)
- Correspondence: (A.E.W.); (D.C.); Tel.: +1-772-242-2459 (A.E.W.); +1-407-882-2256 (D.C.)
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