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Patwekar M, Patwekar F, Khan S, Sharma R, Kumar D. Navigating the Alzheimer's Treatment Landscape: Unraveling Amyloid-Beta Complexities and Pioneering Precision Medicine Approaches. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:CTMC-EPUB-139895. [PMID: 38644708 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266295495240415114919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
A variety of cutting-edge methods and good knowledge of the illness's complex causes are causing a sea change in the field of Alzheimer's Disease (A.D.) research and treatment. Precision medicine is at the vanguard of this change, where individualized treatment plans based on genetic and biomarker profiles give a ray of hope for customized therapeutics. Combination therapies are becoming increasingly popular as a way to address the multifaceted pathology of Alzheimer's by simultaneously attacking Aβ plaques, tau tangles, neuroinflammation, and other factors. The article covers several therapeutic design efforts, including BACE inhibitors, gamma- secretase modulators, monoclonal antibodies (e.g., Aducanumab and Lecanemab), and anti- Aβ vaccinations. While these techniques appear promising, clinical development faces safety concerns and uneven efficacy. To address the complicated Aβ pathology in Alzheimer's disease, a multimodal approach is necessary. The statement emphasizes the continued importance of clinical trials in addressing safety and efficacy concerns. Looking ahead, it suggests that future treatments may take into account genetic and biomarker traits in order to provide more personalized care. Therapies targeting Aβ, tau tangles, neuroinflammation, and novel drug delivery modalities are planned. Nanoparticles and gene therapies are only two examples of novel drug delivery methods that have the potential to deliver treatments more effectively, with fewer side effects, and with better therapeutic results. In addition, medicines that target tau proteins in addition to Aβ are in the works. Early intervention, based on precise biomarkers, is a linchpin of Alzheimer's care, emphasizing the critical need for detecting the disease at its earliest stages. Lifestyle interventions, encompassing diet, exercise, cognitive training, and social engagement, are emerging as key components in the fight against cognitive decline. Data analytics and art are gaining prominence as strategies to mitigate the brain's inflammatory responses. To pool knowledge and resources in the fight against Alzheimer's, international cooperation between scientists, doctors, and pharmaceutical companies is still essential. In essence, a complex, individualized, and collaborative strategy will characterize Alzheimer's research and therapy in the future. Despite obstacles, these encouraging possibilities show the ongoing commitment of the scientific and medical communities to combat A.D. head-on, providing a glimmer of hope to the countless people and families touched by this savage sickness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohsina Patwekar
- Department of Pharmacology, Luqman College of Pharmacy, P.B. 86, old Jewargi road, Gulbarga, Karnataka, 585102, India
| | - Faheem Patwekar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Luqman College of Pharmacy, P.B. 86, old Jewargi Road, Gulbarga, Karnataka, 585102, India
| | - Shahzad Khan
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Clinical Pharmacy, King Faisal University, Al Ahsa City, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rohit Sharma
- Department of Rasa Shastra and Bhaishajya Kalpana, Faculty of Ayurveda, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Poona College of Pharmacy, Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be) University, Pune, Maharashtra411038, India; Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA, 95616, USA; UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, One Shields Ave, Davis, CA95616, USA
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Sajibu S, Sonder E, Tiwari A, Orjuela S, Parker HR, Frans OT, Gubler C, Marra G, Robinson MD. Validation of hypermethylated DNA regions found in colorectal cancers as potential aging-independent biomarkers of precancerous colorectal lesions. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:998. [PMID: 37853362 PMCID: PMC10585861 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11487-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously identified 16,772 colorectal cancer-associated hypermethylated DNA regions that were also detectable in precancerous colorectal lesions (preCRCs) and unrelated to normal mucosal aging. We have now conducted a study to validate 990 of these differentially methylated DNA regions (DMRs) in a new series of preCRCs. METHODS We used targeted bisulfite sequencing to validate these 990 potential biomarkers in 59 preCRC tissue samples (41 conventional adenomas, 18 sessile serrated lesions), each with a patient-matched normal mucosal sample. Based on differential DNA methylation tests, a panel of candidate DMRs was chosen on a subset of our cohort and then validated on the remaining part of our cohort and two publicly available datasets with respect to their stratifying potential between preCRCs and normal mucosa. RESULTS Strong statistical significance for the difference in methylation levels was observed across the full set of 990 investigated DMRs. From these, a selected candidate panel of 30 DMRs correctly identified 58/59 tumors (area under the receiver operating curve: 0.998). CONCLUSIONS These validated DNA hypermethylation markers can be exploited to develop more accurate noninvasive colorectal tumor screening assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sija Sajibu
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Emanuel Sonder
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Amit Tiwari
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Stephany Orjuela
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Hannah R Parker
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Christoph Gubler
- Division of Gastroenterology, Triemli Hospital, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Giancarlo Marra
- Institute of Molecular Cancer Research, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Mark D Robinson
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, Zurich, 8057, Switzerland.
- SIB Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Vaud, Switzerland.
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Liu L, Liu X, Dong Z, Li J, Yu Y, Chen X, Ren F, Cui G, Sun R. N6-methyladenosine-related Genomic Targets are Altered in Breast Cancer Tissue and Associated with Poor Survival. J Cancer 2019; 10:5447-5459. [PMID: 31632489 PMCID: PMC6775703 DOI: 10.7150/jca.35053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: The ectopic expression of N6-methyladenosine (m6A) associated genes is a common feature of multiple tumors. However, little is known about the expression status and the prognostic value of these genes in human breast cancer (BRC). Herein, we conducted a comprehensive analysis to identify the expression profiling and clinical significance of m6A-related genomic targets in BRC. Materials and Methods: The expression data including 1109 BRC tissues and 113 normal breast tissues were obtained from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database to evaluate the mRNA expression levels of m6A-related genomic targets. In addition, 6 independent BRCA cohorts retrieved from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database were enrolled to further ascertain the expression profiling of m6A-related genomic targets. Meanwhile, the immunohistochemical (IHC) staining data from BRC tissue microarray (TMA) cohort and the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database were used to evaluate the proteomic expression of m6A-related genomic targets. Immunofluorescence (IF) analysis was performed to validate the subcellular location of m6A-related genomic targets. Moreover, the prognostic value of m6A-related genomic targets in BRC was analyzed by Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression models. Results: m6A-related genomic targets were differentially expressed in BRC tissues. TMA IHC staining showed that most of the m6A-related genomic targets were significantly altered at the protein level (either upregulated or downregulated), consistent with their changes in the genomic profile. IF analysis showed the subcellular location of m6A-related genomic targets in BRC cell lines. Furthermore, we demonstrated that overexpression of YTHDF1 (P=0.049), YTHDF3 (P<0.001) and KIAA1429 (P=0.032) predicted poor prognosis in terms of overall survival (OS). Upregulation of YTHDF3 was an independent prognostic factor for OS in patients with BRC (P=0.036). Conclusion: m6A-related genomic targets are significantly altered in BRC and predict poor prognosis. These m6A-related genomic targets could serve as novel prognostic biomarkers for BRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwen Liu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Zihui Dong
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Jianhao Li
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Yan Yu
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Fang Ren
- Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Guangying Cui
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
| | - Ranran Sun
- Precision Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,Key Laboratory of Clinical Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China.,National Engineering Laboratory for Internet Medical System and Application, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
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Tovar-Sánchez E, Cervantes-Ramírez T, Castañeda-Bautista J, Gómez-Arroyo S, Ortiz-Hernández L, Sánchez-Salinas E, Mussali-Galante P. Response of Zea mays to multimetal contaminated soils: a multibiomarker approach. Ecotoxicology 2018; 27:1161-1177. [PMID: 30120659 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Heavy metals present in mine tailings pollute agroecosystems, put the integrity of the environment at risk and become a major route of exposure to humans. The present study was carried out in Taxco, Guerrero, Mexico, where millions of tons of mine tailings have been deposited. Soils from this region are used for agricultural activities. Maize (Zea mays) was selected as a test plant, because it is one of the most common and important cereal crops in Mexico and worldwide. Thirteen metals were selected and their bioaccumulation in roots, leaves and fruits were measured in plants cultivated in soils contaminated with mine tailings and those cultivated in non-contaminated soils. The effect of metal bioaccumulation on: macro and micromorphology, size, biomass, coloration leaf patterns and on DNA damage levels in different structures were determined. The bioaccumulation pattern was: root > leaf > fruit, being only Mn and Cr bioaccumulated in all three structures and V in the roots and leaves. A significant effect of metal bioaccumulation on 50% of the size and leaf shape and 55% of the biomass characters in Z. mays exposed plants was detected. Regarding micromorphological characters, a significant effect of metal bioaccumulation on 67% of the leaf characters and on 100% of the color basal leaf characters was noted. The effect of metal bioaccumulation on the induction of DNA damage (leaf > fruit > root) was detected employing single cell gel electrophoresis analysis. An approach, in which multi endpoints are used is necessary to estimate the extent of the detrimental effects of metal pollution on agroecosystem integrity contaminated with mine tailings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Efraín Tovar-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Tatiana Cervantes-Ramírez
- Laboratorio de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Maestría en Biología Integrativa de la Biodiversidad y la Conservación, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Javier Castañeda-Bautista
- Laboratorio de Marcadores Moleculares, Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Conservación, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Av. Universidad 1001, Col. Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Sandra Gómez-Arroyo
- Laboratorio de Genotoxicología Ambiental, Centro de Ciencias de la Atmósfera, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Coyoacán 04510, Ciudad de México, Mexico
| | - Laura Ortiz-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Enrique Sánchez-Salinas
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
| | - Patricia Mussali-Galante
- Laboratorio de Investigaciones Ambientales, Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Morelos. Avenida Universidad 1001, Colonia Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico.
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Huang Y, Wei L, Zhao RC, Liang WB, Zhang J, Ding XQ, Li ZL, Sun CJ, Li B, Liu QY, He JY, Yu XQ, Gao B, Chen MM, Sun AM, Qin Y. Predicting hepatocellular carcinoma development for cirrhosis patients via methylation detection of heparocarcinogenesis-related genes. J Cancer 2018; 9:2203-2210. [PMID: 29937940 PMCID: PMC6010674 DOI: 10.7150/jca.24024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Most hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients have undergone a progression from chronic hepatitis, then liver cirrhosis (LC), and finally to carcinoma. The objective of this study was to elucidate risk factors to predict HCC development for cirrhosis patients. Methods: Multiple methylated specific PCR (MSP) was applied to determine methylation status of heparocarcinogenesis-related genes in 396 tissue and plasma specimens and multivariate cox model was used to analyze the relationship between risk variables and HCC development among cirrhosis patients, followed up in a median period of 30 months. Results: Among 105 LC cases, HCC incidence rate at 30 months was 30.48% (32/105), which were statistically associated with patients' age and aberrant methylation of p16, SFRP, and LINE1 (p<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed the overall predictive accuracy reached the highest (90.7%) if the four risk variables were concurrent to predict HCC development. Moreover, along with the growth of age from 0-40, 40-55, to 55-70 years or the increased number of aberrantly-methylated gene from 0-1 to 2-3, the HCC incidence rate of cirrhosis patients rised from 10.00%, 12.28% to 82.14% and 17.44% to 89.47%, separately. Thus, based on combined analysis with diverse age and number of aberrantly-methylated gene, 105 cases were divided into five groups and computed their respective HCC incidecne rate to categorize them into different risk groups. Of note, A significant lifting of HCC incidence rate in the high-risk group (40-55 years coupled with 2-3 aberrantly-methylated genes, 55-70 years coupled with 0-1 aberrantly-methylated gene, 55-70 years coupled with 2-3 aberrantly-methylated genes; n=33) was observed compared with the low-risk group (0-40 years coupled with 0-1 aberrantly-methylated gene, 40-55 years coupled with 0-1 aberrantly-methylated gene; (n=72) (p<0.01). Conclusions: Ultimately, high-risk cirrhosis patients with 55-over years or 2-3 aberrantly-methylated genes should be paid more attention to be regularly screened with HCC development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Huang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ling Wei
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rong-Ce Zhao
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province,China
| | - Wei-Bo Liang
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xue-Qin Ding
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Zhi-Long Li
- Department of Forensic Genetics, West China School of Basic Science and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Cheng-Jun Sun
- West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Li
- Division of Liver Transplantation, Department of Liver Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province,China
| | - Qiu-Ying Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jing-Yang He
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xiao-Qin Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Analytical & testing center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Ming-Mei Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ai-Min Sun
- Analytical & testing center, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Yang Qin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, West China School of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Lee WC, Mokhtar SS, Munisamy S, Yahaya S, Rasool AHG. Vitamin D status and oxidative stress in diabetes mellitus. Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand) 2018; 64:60-69. [PMID: 29974854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is an epidemic that is gaining global concern. Chronic hyperglycemia in diabetes induces the excess production of free radicals. The deleterious effects of excess free radicals are encountered by endogenous antioxidant defense system. Imbalance between free radicals production and antioxidants defense mechanisms leads to a condition known as "oxidative stress". Diabetes mellitus is associated with augmented oxidative stress that induced micro- and macrovascular complications, which presents a significant risk for cardiovascular events. Low vitamin D levels in the body have also been reported to be associated with the pathogenesis of diabetes and enhanced oxidative stress. The article is to review available literature and summarize the relationship between oxidative stress and vitamin D levels in diabetes. We also review the effects of vitamin D analogs supplementation in improving oxidative stress in diabetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wee Chee Lee
- Pharmacology Vascular Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Siti Safiah Mokhtar
- Pharmacology Vascular Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Seetha Munisamy
- Pharmacology Vascular Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Sahran Yahaya
- Department of Orthopedics, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
| | - Aida Hanum Ghulam Rasool
- Pharmacology Vascular Laboratory, School of Medical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia (Health Campus), 16150 Kota Bharu, Kelantan, Malaysia
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Rocha TL, Bilbao E, Cardoso C, Soto M, Bebianno MJ. Changes in metallothionein transcription levels in the mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis exposed to CdTe quantum dots. Ecotoxicology 2018; 27:402-410. [PMID: 29396673 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-018-1903-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are a class of engineered nanoparticles (ENPs) with several biomedical, industrial and commercial applications. However, their metabolism and detoxification process in aquatic invertebrates and environmental health hazards remain unclear. This study investigate the transcriptional changes of metallothioneins (MTs) isoforms (mt10IIIa and mt20IV) induced by CdTe QDs, in comparison with its dissolved counterpart, in the marine mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were exposed to CdTe QDs and to the same Cd concentration (10 µg Cd L-1) of dissolved Cd for 14 days and mt transcription levels were measured by real time quantitative PCR (qPCR). Tissue specific mt transcription patterns were observed in mussels exposed to both Cd forms, wherein the gills were a more sensitive organ compared to the digestive gland. No significant changes were observed in mt10IIIa transcription levels in mussels exposed to both Cd forms. In contrast, transcription of mt20IV was tissue and exposure time dependent, with higher mt20IV mRNA levels in mussels exposed to QDs and dissolved Cd when compared to unexposed mussels. Multivariate analysis indicates particle-specific effects after 14 days of exposure and a dual role of MTs in the QD metabolism and in the protection against oxidative stress in mussels exposed to Cd-based ENPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Lopes Rocha
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
- Laboratory of Environmental Biotechnology and Ecotoxicology, Institute of Tropical Pathology and Public Health, Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Goiás, Brazil
| | - Eider Bilbao
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science & Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Cátia Cardoso
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal
| | - Manu Soto
- CBET Research Group, Department of Zoology & Animal Cell Biology, Faculty of Science & Technology and Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology PIE, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maria João Bebianno
- CIMA, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139, Faro, Portugal.
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Majidi S, Fouts A, Pyle L, Chambers C, Armstrong T, Wang Z, Batish SD, Klingensmith G, Steck AK. Can Biomarkers Help Target Maturity-Onset Diabetes of the Young Genetic Testing in Antibody-Negative Diabetes? Diabetes Technol Ther 2018; 20:106-112. [PMID: 29355436 PMCID: PMC6110120 DOI: 10.1089/dia.2017.0317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Maturity-onset diabetes of the young (MODY) is an antibody-negative, autosomal dominant form of diabetes. With the increasing prevalence of diabetes and the expense of MODY testing, markers to identify those who need further genetic testing would be beneficial. We investigated whether HLA genotypes, random C-peptide, and/or high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) levels could be helpful biomarkers for identifying MODY in antibody-negative diabetes. METHODS Subjects (N = 97) with diabetes onset ≤age 25, measurable C-peptide (≥0.1 ng/mL), and negative for all four diabetes autoantibodies were enrolled at a large academic center and tested for MODY 1-5 through Athena Diagnostics. A total of 22 subjects had a positive or very likely pathogenic mutation for MODY. RESULTS Random C-peptide levels were significantly different between MODY-positive and MODY-negative subjects (0.16 nmol/L vs. 0.02 nmol/L; P = 0.02). After adjusting for age and diabetes duration, hsCRP levels were significantly lower in MODY-positive subjects (0.37 mg/L vs. 0.87 mg/L; P = 0.02). Random C-peptide level ≥0.15 nmol/L obtained at ≥6 months after diagnosis had 83% sensitivity for diagnosis of MODY with a negative predictive value of 96%. Receiver operating characteristic curves showed that area under the curve for random C-peptide (0.75) was significantly better than hsCRP (0.54), high-risk HLA DR3/4-DQB1*0302 (0.59), and high-risk HLA/random C-peptide combined (0.54; P = 0.03). CONCLUSIONS Random C-peptide obtained at ≥6 months after diagnosis can be a useful biomarker to identify antibody-negative individuals who need further genetic testing for MODY, whereas hsCRP and HLA do not appear to improve this antibody/C-peptide-based approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shideh Majidi
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
- Address correspondence to:Shideh Majidi, MDBarbara Davis Center for Childhood DiabetesUniversity of Colorado Denver1775 Aurora Ct, A140,Aurora, CO 80045
| | - Alexandra Fouts
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Laura Pyle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Christina Chambers
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Taylor Armstrong
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | | | | | - Georgeanna Klingensmith
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Andrea K. Steck
- Barbara Davis Center for Childhood Diabetes, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, Colorado
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Brescia AC, Simonds MM, McCahan SM, Sullivan KE, Rose CD. Prior to extension, Transcriptomes of fibroblast-like Synoviocytes from extended and Polyarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis are indistinguishable. Pediatr Rheumatol Online J 2018; 16:3. [PMID: 29310668 PMCID: PMC5759884 DOI: 10.1186/s12969-017-0217-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our intent was to identify differences between the transcriptome of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) in oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) before extension when compared to persistent subtype of JIA, when the two are clinically indistinguishable. Additionally, we sought to determine if differences between the transcriptomes of FLS from extended-to-be and polyarticular course JIA could be detected. Our hypothesis was that intrinsic differences in the transcriptome of the FLS from extended-to-be JIA would distinguish them from persistent oligoarticular JIA, before the course is clinically apparent. METHODS Global gene expression was defined in cultured FLS from 6 controls, 12 JIA with persistent course, 7 JIA prior to extension (extended-to-be), 4 JIA with extended course and 6 polyarticular onset, using Affymetrix Human GeneChips 133plus2.0. RESULTS Bioconductor Linear Models for Microarray Analysis revealed 22 probesets with differential expression between persistent and extended-to-be FLS at 15% FDR, however only 2 probesets distinguished extended-to-be from extended and none distinguished extended-to-be and polyarticular at 15% FDR. Differences in extended and polyarticular gene expression profiles were not detected. Confirmation of select genes was done on the RNA level by RT-qPCR and on the protein level in synovial fluid by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS The transcriptome of FLS from extended-to-be juvenile idiopathic arthritis is distinct from persistent course before a clinical distinction can be made. Additionally, the transcriptome of extended-to-be and polyarticular course, including those who have already extended, are indistinguishable. These gene expression data suggest that FLS already reflect a polyarticular behavior early in disease course, suggesting that extended-to-be may be "latent polyarticular" at onset. These differences can be used to develop early biomarkers of disease course, allowing for better-informed treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- AnneMarie C. Brescia
- 0000 0004 0458 9676grid.239281.3Pediatric Rheumatology, Nemours/AI DuPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA
| | - Megan M. Simonds
- Nemours Biomedical Research, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE USA
| | | | - Kathleen E. Sullivan
- 0000 0001 0680 8770grid.239552.aPediatric Immunology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, 3615 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA USA
| | - Carlos D. Rose
- 0000 0004 0458 9676grid.239281.3Pediatric Rheumatology, Nemours/AI DuPont Hospital for Children, 1600 Rockland Road, Wilmington, DE 19803 USA
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10
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Embade N, Millet O. Molecular Determinants of Chronic Liver Disease as Studied by NMR-Metabolomics. Curr Top Med Chem 2017; 17:2752-2766. [PMID: 28685692 DOI: 10.2174/1568026617666170707124539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2016] [Revised: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic liver diseases are one of the major causess of mortality worldwide. It can manifest through many different forms including chronic virus infection, alcohol abuse, metabolic syndromes such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis. At early stages, the liver can repair the damage produced by the insult. However, upon continuous damage, the accumulation of molecules triggers fibrosis, which subsequently progresses towards cirrhosis and, ultimately, hepatocarcinoma. Early diagnosis of liver disease and a proper staging of fibrosis are crucial in therapy since drugs are only effective at incipient and intermediate stages of the disease. In this context, liver biopsy is the gold standard, but it is invasive and can produce complications. Metabolomics has emerged as a potent discipline to identify new biomarkers in a non-invasive way. Here, we compile and critically review the existing NMR-based metabolomics studies on chronic liver diseases, specifically covering non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, alcoholic liver disease and those produced by virus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nieves Embade
- Protein Stability and Inherited Diseases Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160-Derio, Bizkaia. Spain
| | - Oscar Millet
- Protein Stability and Inherited Diseases Laboratory, CIC bioGUNE, Technology Park of Bizkaia, 48160-Derio, Bizkaia. Spain
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11
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Bhute VJ, Bao X, Dunn KK, Knutson KR, McCurry EC, Jin G, Lee WH, Lewis S, Ikeda A, Palecek SP. Metabolomics Identifies Metabolic Markers of Maturation in Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiomyocytes. Theranostics 2017; 7:2078-2091. [PMID: 28656061 PMCID: PMC5485423 DOI: 10.7150/thno.19390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of death worldwide. Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) hold immense clinical potential and recent studies have enabled generation of virtually pure hPSC-CMs with high efficiency in chemically defined and xeno-free conditions. Despite these advances, hPSC-CMs exhibit an immature phenotype and are arrhythmogenic in vivo, necessitating development of strategies to mature these cells. hPSC-CMs undergo significant metabolic alterations during differentiation and maturation. A detailed analysis of the metabolic changes accompanying maturation of hPSC-CMs may prove useful in identifying new strategies to expedite hPSC-CM maturation and also may provide biomarkers for testing or validating hPSC-CM maturation. In this study we identified global metabolic changes which take place during long-term culture and maturation of hPSC-CMs derived from three different hPSC lines. We have identified several metabolic pathways, including phospholipid metabolism and pantothenate and Coenzyme A metabolism, which showed significant enrichment upon maturation in addition to fatty acid oxidation and metabolism. We also identified increases in glycerophosphocholine and the glycerophosphocholine:phosphocholine ratio as potential metabolic biomarkers of maturation. These biomarkers were also affected in a similar manner during murine heart development in vivo. These results support that hPSC-CM maturation is associated with extensive metabolic changes in metabolic network utilization and understanding the roles of these metabolic changes has the potential to develop novel approaches to monitor and expedite hPSC-CM maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijesh J. Bhute
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Xiaoping Bao
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kaitlin K. Dunn
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Kylie R. Knutson
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Eric C. McCurry
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Gyuhyung Jin
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Lee
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sarah Lewis
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Akihiro Ikeda
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Sean P. Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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12
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Rojas-Peña ML, Olivares-Navarrete R, Hyzy S, Arafat D, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD, Williams J, Gibson G. Characterization of distinct classes of differential gene expression in osteoblast cultures from non-syndromic craniosynostosis bone. J Genomics 2014; 2:121-30. [PMID: 25184005 PMCID: PMC4150121 DOI: 10.7150/jgen.8833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Craniosynostosis, the premature fusion of one or more skull sutures, occurs in approximately 1 in 2500 infants, with the majority of cases non-syndromic and of unknown etiology. Two common reasons proposed for premature suture fusion are abnormal compression forces on the skull and rare genetic abnormalities. Our goal was to evaluate whether different sub-classes of disease can be identified based on total gene expression profiles. RNA-Seq data were obtained from 31 human osteoblast cultures derived from bone biopsy samples collected between 2009 and 2011, representing 23 craniosynostosis fusions and 8 normal cranial bones or long bones. No differentiation between regions of the skull was detected, but variance component analysis of gene expression patterns nevertheless supports transcriptome-based classification of craniosynostosis. Cluster analysis showed 4 distinct groups of samples; 1 predominantly normal and 3 craniosynostosis subtypes. Similar constellations of sub-types were also observed upon re-analysis of a similar dataset of 199 calvarial osteoblast cultures. Annotation of gene function of differentially expressed transcripts strongly implicates physiological differences with respect to cell cycle and cell death, stromal cell differentiation, extracellular matrix (ECM) components, and ribosomal activity. Based on these results, we propose non-syndromic craniosynostosis cases can be classified by differences in their gene expression patterns and that these may provide targets for future clinical intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica L Rojas-Peña
- 1. Center for Integrative Genomics, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- 2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Sharon Hyzy
- 2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Dalia Arafat
- 1. Center for Integrative Genomics, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Zvi Schwartz
- 2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Barbara D Boyan
- 2. Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA. ; 3. Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA
| | - Joseph Williams
- 4. Center for Craniofacial Disorders, Scottish Rite Hospital and Children's Healthcare of Atlanta
| | - Greg Gibson
- 1. Center for Integrative Genomics, School of Biology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
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13
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Clark DO, Gao S, Lane KA, Callahan CM, Baiyewu O, Ogunniyi A, Hendrie HC. Obesity and 10-year mortality in very old African Americans and Yoruba-Nigerians: exploring the obesity paradox. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2014; 69:1162-9. [PMID: 24694355 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glu035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To compare the effect of obesity and related risk factors on 10-year mortality in two cohorts of older adults of African descent; one from the United States and one from Nigeria. METHODS Study participants were community residents aged 70 or older of African descent living in Indianapolis, Indiana (N = 1,269) or Ibadan, Nigeria (1,197). We compared survival curves between the two cohorts by obesity class and estimated the effect of obesity class on mortality in Cox proportional hazards models controlling for age, gender, alcohol use, and smoking history, and the cardiometabolic biomarkers blood pressure, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein, and C-reactive protein. RESULTS We found that underweight was associated with an increased risk of death in both the Yoruba (hazards ratio = 1.35, 95% confidence interval: 1.12-1.63) and African American samples (hazards ratio = 2.49, 95% confidence interval: 1.40-4.43) compared with those with normal weight. The overweight and obese participants in both cohorts experienced survival similar to the normal weight participants. Controlling for cardiometabolic biomarkers had little effect on the obesity-specific hazard ratios in either cohort. CONCLUSIONS Despite significant differences across these two cohorts in terms of obesity and biomarker levels, overall 10-year survival and obesity class-specific survival were remarkably similar.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sujuan Gao
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Kathleen A Lane
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | | | | | - Adesola Ogunniyi
- Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Nigeria
| | - Hugh C Hendrie
- Department of Medicine, Indiana University Center for Aging Research, Indianapolis. Department of Medicine, Regenstrief Institute, Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana. Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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Haj-Ahmad TA, Abdalla MA, Haj-Ahmad Y. Potential Urinary miRNA Biomarker Candidates for the Accurate Detection of Prostate Cancer among Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Patients. J Cancer 2014; 5:182-91. [PMID: 24563673 PMCID: PMC3931266 DOI: 10.7150/jca.6799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a class of short (~22nt), single stranded RNA molecules that function as post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. MiRNAs can regulate a variety of important biological pathways, including: cellular proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Profiling of miRNA expression patterns was shown to be more useful than the equivalent mRNA profiles for characterizing poorly differentiated tumours. As such, miRNA expression “signatures” are expected to offer serious potential for diagnosing and prognosing cancers of any provenance. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of using deregulation of urinary miRNAs in order to detect Prostate Cancer (PCa) among Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). To identify the miRNA signatures specific for PCa, miRNA expression profiling of 8 PCa patients, 12 BPH patients and 10 healthy males was carried out using whole genome expression profiling. Differential expression of two individual miRNAs between healthy males and BPH patients was detected and found to possibly target genes related to PCa development and progression. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-1825 for detecting PCa among BPH individuals was found to be 60% and 69%, respectively. Whereas, the sensitivity and specificity of miR-484 were 80% and 19%, respectively. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity for miR-1825/484 in tandem were 45% and 75%, respectively. The proposed PCa miRNA signatures may therefore be of great value for the accurate diagnosis of PCa and BPH. This exploratory study has identified several possible targets that merit further investigation towards the development and validation of diagnostically useful, non-invasive, urine-based tests that might not only help diagnose PCa but also possibly help differentiate it from BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taha A Haj-Ahmad
- 1. Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
| | - Moemen Ak Abdalla
- 2. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Yousef Haj-Ahmad
- 1. Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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15
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Darvin K, Randolph A, Ovalles S, Halade D, Breeding L, Richardson A, Espinoza SE. Plasma protein biomarkers of the geriatric syndrome of frailty. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:182-6. [PMID: 24285743 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome associated with physical decline with aging. Using a proteomics-based screening method to screen plasma for potential biomarkers, we previously found inflammatory glycoproteins to be increased with frailty. The purpose of this study was to confirm if plasma levels of these glycoproteins, as well as of interleukin-6, are increased with frailty in a larger sample (n = 65) of community-dwelling older adults. Plasma levels of transferrin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, and interleukin-6 were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Differences in protein concentrations by frailty status were determined using analysis of variance. Higher levels of transferrin (p < .001), fibrinogen (p < .0001), and interleukin-6 (p = .0035) were associated with frailty status (nonfrail, prefrail, or frail) and frailty score (0-5) in this sample even after adjustment for age and sex. Haptoglobin did not differ by frailty status (p = .05). Our findings largely confirmed the findings of our nontargeted approach that inflammatory glycoproteins are increased with frailty. Future studies should include larger examinations of these associations and consider the potential usefulness of these glycoproteins as biomarkers for frailty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kayla Darvin
- The University of Texas Health Science Center, 7703 Floyd Curl Drive, Mail Code 7875, San Antonio, TX 78229.
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16
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Langan RC, Mullinax JE, Raiji MT, Upham T, Summers T, Stojadinovic A, Avital I. Colorectal cancer biomarkers and the potential role of cancer stem cells. J Cancer 2013; 4:241-50. [PMID: 23459666 PMCID: PMC3584837 DOI: 10.7150/jca.5832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/11/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Over 50% of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) will progress and/or develop metastases. Biomarkers capable of predicting progression, risk stratification and therapeutic benefit are needed. Cancer stem cells are thought to be responsible for tumor initiation, dissemination and treatment failure. Therefore, we hypothesized that CRC stem cell markers (CRCSC) can identify a group of patients whom are at increased risk for recurrence or progression of disease. If proven correct, these CRCSC biomarkers may herald a paradigm shift in the treatment of this deadly disease. This manuscript reviews current CRC evidence based screening modalities, patient stratification, and summarizes the current state of biomarkers and discusses the novel concept of putative CRCSC's as prognostic biomarkers.
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17
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Abdalla MA, Haj-Ahmad Y. Promising Candidate Urinary MicroRNA Biomarkers for the Early Detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma among High-Risk Hepatitis C Virus Egyptian Patients. J Cancer 2011; 3:19-31. [PMID: 22211142 PMCID: PMC3245605 DOI: 10.7150/jca.3.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/02/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small endogenously expressed non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate expression of protein-coding genes at the translational level. Accumulating evidence, such as aberrant expression of miRNAs, suggests that they play a role in the development of cancer. They have been identified in various tumor types, demonstrating that different sets of miRNAs are usually deregulated in different cancers. To identify the miRNA signatures specific for Hepatitis C virus (HCV)-associated Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), miRNA expression profiling of 32 HCC post-HCV infected, 74 HCV-positive and 12 control individuals was carried out using whole genome expression profiling. Differential expression of two individual miRNAs between control and high risk HCV patients was detected and found to possibly target genes related to HCC development and progression. The sensitivity and specificity of miR-618 for detecting HCC among HCV-positive individuals was found to be 64% and 68%, respectively. Whereas, the sensitivity and specificity of miR-650 were 72% and 58%, respectively. Additionally, the sensitivity and specificity for miR-618/650 in tandem were 58% and 75%, respectively. These predictive values are greatly improved compared to the traditional α-feto protein (AFP) level-based detection method. The proposed HCC miRNA signatures may therefore be of great value for the early diagnosis of HCC, before the onset of disease in HCV-positive patients. The significance of this approach is amplified by the use of urine as a sample source as it offers a non-invasive approach for developing screening methods that can reduce mortality rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moemen Ak Abdalla
- Centre for Biotechnology, Brock University, St. Catharines, ON, L2S 3A1, Canada
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Rajaram V, Evans AT, Caldito GC, Kelly RF, Fogelfeld L, Black HR, Doukky R. High Sensitivity C - Reactive Protein is Associated with Diastolic Dysfunction in Young African Americans without Clinically Evident Cardiac Disease. Open Cardiovasc Med J 2011; 5:188-95. [PMID: 21915224 PMCID: PMC3170931 DOI: 10.2174/1874192401105010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2011] [Revised: 06/27/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Diastolic dysfunction (DD) is associated with myocardial fibrosis mediated by inflammation. Higher levels of inflammation found in African Americans (AAs) may predict DD among asymptomatic individuals. We tested the hypothesis that high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), a biomarker of inflammation, is associated with DD in asymptomatic AAs. Methods: We prospectively recruited 107 asymptomatic AAs without any history of cardiac, renal or inflammatory diseases or alcoholism. We measured hs-CRP and B-type Natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels and estimated left ventricular end diastolic pressure (LVEDP), mass and systolic function with echocardiography. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to define whether hs-CRP is an independent predictor of LVEDP. Results: Among 107 subjects: the mean age was 48±10 yrs, 58 (54%) were men, 59 (55%) had diabetes (DM), 48 (45%) had hypertension (HTN), the mean BMI was 30.5±4.8 and the mean ejection fraction was 63.1±5.8%. DD was present in 56(52%) subjects, 38 (36%) of whom also had a high LVEDP. On multivariate analysis, hs-CRP was independently associated with DD [odds ratio 3.36 (95% CI= 1.07 - 10.5, p = 0.04]. There was a 61% and 133% increase in the prevalence of any DD and DD with high LVEDP, respectively, between the lowest and the highest hs-CRP quartiles. Conclusion: Diastolic dysfunction is prevalent among asymptomatic African Americans and it is independently associated with elevated level of hs-CRP, an inflammation marker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Venkataraman Rajaram
- Section of Cardiology, Temple University Health Sciences Center, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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