[A new sesquiterpene from stems of Buddleja lindleyana]

The present study investigated the chemical constituents from the stems of Buddleja lindleyana. Ten compounds were isolated from the 95% EtOH extract of B. lindleyana stems by means of some techniques including polyamide, silica gel, MCI, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC). Their structures were identified by spectral analysis and single-crystal X-ray diffraction as buddledin F(1), 6-O-4″-hydroxy-3″-methoxy-benzoyl ajugol(2), negundoin G(3),(+)-dihydrocubebin(4), 7-O-ethylguaiacylglycerol(5),(-)-jatrointelignan B(6), threo-1,2-bis-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-propane-1,3-diol(7), vomifoliol(8), hinokinin(9), and isovanillic acid(10). Compound 1 was a new sesquiterpene named buddledin F. Compounds 3-8 were isolated from the Buddleja plant for the first time. The anti-inflammatory activities of compounds 1-10 in vitro were investigated, and the results failed to show the inhibitory activities of these compounds on the production of inflammatory factor NO.

Characterization of the Complete Chloroplast Genome of Buddleja Lindleyana

BACKGROUND

Buddleja lindleyana Fort., which belongs to the Loganiaceae with a distribution throughout the tropics, is widely used as an ornamental plant in China. Buddleja contains several morphologically similar species, which need to be identified by molecular identification. But there is little molecular research on the genus Buddleja.

OBJECTIVE

Using molecular biology techniques to sequence and analyze the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of B. lindleyana.

METHODS

According to next-generation sequencing to sequence the genome data, a series of bioinformatics software were used to assembly and analysis the molecular structure of cp genome of B. lindleyana.

RESULTS

The complete cp genome of B. lindleyana is a circular 154,487-bp-long molecule with a GC content of 38.1%. It has a familiar quadripartite structure, including a large single-copy region (LSC; 85,489 bp), a small single-copy region (SSC; 17,898bp) and a pair of inverted repeats (IRs; 25,550 bp). A total of 133 genes were identified in the genome, including 86 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, 8 rRNA genes and 2 pseudogenes.

CONCLUSIONS

These results suggested that B. lindelyana cp genome could be used as a potential genomic resource to resolve the phylogenetic positions and relationships of Loganiaceae, and will offer valuable information for future research in the identification of Buddleja species and will conduce to genomic investigations of these species.

[Enzyme kinetic analysis of Oncomelania hupensis exposed to active ingredient of Buddleja lindleyana (AIBL)]

OBJECTIVE

To analyze the enzyme kinetics of active ingredient of Buddleja lindleyana (AIBL) against Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum.

METHODS

O. hupensis snails were placed in 1 000 ml of 3.55 mg/L AIBL solution for 24, 48 h and 72 h, respectively, and the enzyme kinetics of alanine aminotransferase (GPT) was determined by Reitman-Frankel assay, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) by the chemical inhibition lactic acid substrate method, alkaline phosphatase (AKP) by the disodium phenyl phosphate colorimetric method, acetylcholine esterase (AChE) and malate dehydrogenas (MDH) by ELISA, and succinate dehydrogenase (SDH) by the phenazine methyl sulfate reaction method (PMS) in the soft tissues of O. hupensis before and after AIBL treatment.

RESULTS

Following exposure to 3.55 mg/L AIBL solution for 24 h, the GPT, LDH, and AKP activities significantly improved in the soft tissues of O. hupensis, while the SDH and MDH activities were significantly lowered in the head-foot and liver. However, AIBL treatment did not cause significant effect on AChE activity in O. hupensis.

CONCLUSIONS

AIBL causes significant damages to O. hupensis liver and can efficiently act on anaerobic and aerobic respiration loci, which will hinder energy metabolism, and cause inadequate energy supply in cells used for normal secretion, eventually leading to O. hupensis death.