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Wang F, Li H, Gao J, Geng N, Jiang E, Xia F, Xiang M, Jia L, Ning P. High efficiency removal of NO using waste calcium carbide slag by facile KOH modification. J Environ Sci (China) 2024; 139:182-192. [PMID: 38105046 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2022.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 09/10/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Waste calcium carbide slags (CS), which are widely applied to desulfurisation, are not typically used in denitration. Herein, to well achieve waste control by waste, a facile and high-efficiency denitration strategy is developed using KOH to modify the calcium carbide slags (KCS). Various KCS samples were investigated using a series of physical and chemical characterisations. The performance test results showed that the KOH concentration and reaction temperature are the main factors affecting the denitration efficiency of KCS, and CS modified with 1.5 mol/L KOH (KCS-1.5) can achieve 100% denitration efficiency at 300°C. Such excellent removal efficiency is due to the catalytic oxidation of the oxygen-containing functional groups derived from the KCS. Further studies showed that KOH treatment significantly increased the concentration of oxygen vacancies, nitro compounds, and basic sites of CS. This study provides a novel strategy for the resource utilisation of waste CS in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China; Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Jiyun Gao
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Na Geng
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Enzhu Jiang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Futing Xia
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Mingwu Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China
| | - Lijuan Jia
- School of Chemistry and Environment, Yunnan Minzu University, Kunming 650504, China.
| | - Ping Ning
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China.
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Li B, Chen Y, Ren G, Zhao R, Wu Z, Zhu F, Ma X. Efficient low-concentration phosphate removal from sub-healthy surface water by adsorbent prepared based on functional complementary strategy. Sci Total Environ 2023; 902:166476. [PMID: 37625711 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.166476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
The remediation of low-concentration phosphorus polluted surface water (LP-SW) is one of most challenging environmental issues worldwide. Adsorption is more suitable for LP-SW remediation due to its low cost and operability. Based on the strategy of functional complementation among industrial solid wastes (ISWs), ISW-based phosphate absorbent material (PAM) was prepared from coal ash (CA, binder), rich‑calcium (Ca) carbide slag (CS, active component) and iron salt (functional reagent) by optimizing materials ratios and roasting conditions. PAM prepared under optimal conditions (Fe/CC-2opt) had good phosphate adsorption efficiency. Notably, Fe/CC-2opt not only ensured that the effluent met Environmental Quality Standards for Surface Water (pH = 6.0-9.0), but also facilitated the formation of brushite instead of hydroxyapatite due to FeSO4 addition. Compared with hydroxyapatite, brushite had greater potential application value as fertilizer due to its solubility and high P/Ca ratio. The possible mechanisms of phosphate adsorption by PAM included surface precipitation, surface complexation, electrostatic adsorption and release of Ca2+/OH-. Preparation cost of PAM was 80 US$/ton, and treatment cost was 0.07 US$/g P. Regeneration efficiency of PAM was still above 80 % after five cycles. The design idea and result of this study provide theoretical basis and technical support for the preparation of PAM with low cost, commercial production and great adsorption capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benhang Li
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Yanhao Chen
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Gengbo Ren
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Ruining Zhao
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Zhineng Wu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Fujie Zhu
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China
| | - Xiaodong Ma
- School of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Hebei University of Technology, Tianjin 300401, China.
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Wang X, Yu Y, Zou F, Luo H, Zhou Z, Zhu J, Guo G, Zhong Y. High performance C-A-S-H seeds from fly ash- carbide slag for activating lithium slag towards a low carbon binder. J Environ Manage 2023; 345:118658. [PMID: 37523945 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2023.118658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
In this work, one-step synthesis of high-performance C-A-S-H (calcium alumina silicate hydrate) seeds from low-calcium fly ash (FA) and carbide slag (CS) by 7 days of mechanochemical mixing was proposed and used to activate lithium slag (LS) cement. The results showed that the seeding effect of C-A-S-H seeds was increased with the increasing Ca/Si (i.e. from 1.0 to 1.5), i.e. the mortar compressive strength of 1 day and 28 days were increased by 67% and 29% with the addition of 1.0% C-A-S-H nano-seeds at Ca/Si = 1.5 in the presence of polycarboxylate superplasticizer (PCE), respectively. Moreover, the chloride resistance of lithium slag cement was improved significantly, i.e. the electric flux was decreased by more than 30% than that of plain lithium slag cement mortar. The performance difference of various C-A-S-H seeds is mainly attributed to their high proportion and polymerization degree, more stretch and three-dimensional foil-like morphology at high Ca/Si. This study provides guidance for obtaining low-cost and high-performance C-A-S-H seeds from wastes and the highly efficient utilization of LS as supplementary cementitious materials (SCMs) in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingang Wang
- School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yong Yu
- School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Fubing Zou
- School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China.
| | - Hongyun Luo
- School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Zihao Zhou
- School of Physics and Materials Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Jielu Zhu
- School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Guanjun Guo
- School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
| | - Yiwei Zhong
- School of Infrastructure Engineering, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330031, China
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Qi J, Zhou P, Yang D, Wang Z, Li B. Desulphurization mechanism and engineering practice of carbide slag. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:88519-88530. [PMID: 35834081 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21894-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In order to give full play to the alkaline neutralization value of carbide slag and reduce the environmental hazards of carbide slag, it is of great practical significance to study the resource utilization of carbide slag. The adsorption of sulfur compounds on carbide slag was studied in the laboratory, and the process parameters of carbide slag desulfurization were explored and optimized. The specific surface area, pore distribution, and other physicochemical parameters were analyzed by XRD and SEM, which explained the changes of products and carbide slag before and after desulfurization. The test results show that carbide slag and limestone have almost the same desulfurization effect. The kinetics of carbide slag desulfurization process conforms to pseudo-first-order kinetics, and the sulfur content of calcium carbide slag reaches to 1000 mgSO2·g-1. A project demonstration was carried out in the gold smelting Tielu Plant of Zhenyuan Huashuo Precious Metals Development Co., Ltd., in Yunnan. The results of the 2-year demonstration project showed that the desulphurization efficiency of the four-stage series desulphurization tower exceeds 95%. The concentration of sulfur dioxide in the discharged flue gas is reduced to less than 20 mg·m-3, which meets the requirements of ultra-low emission standard in China. Therefore, whether from theoretical research or engineering practice analysis, it is feasible to replace limestone with calcium carbide slag for flue gas desulfurization. The paper also discusses the problems existing in the demonstration project, and provides a new idea of "using waste to treat waste" in order to solve the problem of carbide slag disposal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiamin Qi
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Pengxiang Zhou
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Di Yang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Zixuan Wang
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China
| | - Bin Li
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
- National-Regional Engineering Center for Recovery of Waste Gases From Metallurgical and Chemical Industries, Kunming, 650500, Yunnan, China.
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Jiang Q, He Y, Wu Y, Dian B, Zhang J, Li T, Jiang M. Solidification/stabilization of soil heavy metals by alkaline industrial wastes: A critical review. Environ Pollut 2022; 312:120094. [PMID: 36067972 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Revised: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Solidification/stabilization technology is one of the most desirable technologies for the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soils due to its convenience and effectiveness. The annual production of alkaline industrial wastes in China is in the hundreds of millions of tons. Alkaline industrial wastes have the potential to replace conventional stabilizers because of their cost effectiveness and performance in stabilizing heavy metals in soils. This paper systematically summarizes the use of four alkaline industrial wastes (soda residue, steel slag, carbide slag, and red mud) for the solidification/stabilization of heavy metal contaminated soils and provides a comprehensive analysis of the three mechanisms of action (hydration, precipitation, and adsorption) and factors that influence the process. In addition, the environmental risks associated with the use of alkaline industrial wastes are highlighted. We found that soda residues, steel slag and carbide slag are appropriate for solidification/stabilization of Pb, Cd, Zn and Cu, while red mud is a potential passivation agent for the stabilization of As in soils. However, implementation of remediation methods using alkaline industrial wastes has been limited because the long-term effectiveness, synergistic effects, and usage in soils containing multiple heavy metals have not been thoroughly studied. This review provides the latest knowledge on the mechanisms, risks, and challenges of using alkaline industrial wastes for solidification/stabilization of heavy metal contaminated soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yongmei He
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Yonglin Wu
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Bo Dian
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Jilai Zhang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Tianguo Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- College of Resources and Environment, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, 650201, China.
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Wu F, Chen B, Qu G, Liu S, Zhao C, Ren Y, Liu X. Harmless treatment technology of phosphogypsum: Directional stabilization of toxic and harmful substances. J Environ Manage 2022; 311:114827. [PMID: 35248928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum is one of the typical by-products of phosphorus chemical industry. As a strategic industry related to the national livelihood of China, phosphorus chemical industry has accumulated and produced a significant amount of phosphogypsum. In general, phosphogypsum contains approximately 80%-95% calcium sulfate dihydrate, and less than 5% toxic and harmful elements. In this paper, toxic and hazardous components in phosphogypsum were efficiently solidified and stabilized by highly targeted solidification and stabilization technology. Calcium carbide slag or lime was used as an alkali-base neutralizer of phosphogypsum, and polymeric ferric sulfate or polymeric aluminum chloride as a directional solidification stabilizer to analyze the leaching toxicity of the mixed powder in 1, 3, 5 and 15 days. The experimental results demonstrate excellent solidification and stabilization effect with the leaching pH of 6-9, the leaching concentration of P, F and heavy metals of less than 0.5 mg/L, 10 mg/L and 0.1 mg/L, respectively, which meets the requirements of relevant international standards. Mechanistic analysis indicates that the solidification and stabilization of toxic and hazardous substances in phosphogypsum is perfectly achieved owing to the generation, adsorption and encapsulation of insoluble substances. This technology can reduce the costs and difficulty in the phosphogypsum treatment, and has extensive application potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghui Wu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Bangjin Chen
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Guangfei Qu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China.
| | - Shan Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Chenyang Zhao
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Yuanchaun Ren
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
| | - Xinxin Liu
- Faculty of Environmental Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China; National Regional Engineering Research Center-NCW, Yunnan, Kunming, 650500, China
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He D, Shu J, Zeng X, Wei Y, Chen M, Tan D, Liang Q. Synergistic solidification/stabilization of electrolytic manganese residue and carbide slag. Sci Total Environ 2022; 810:152175. [PMID: 34896487 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Electrolytic manganese residue (EMR) contains high concentrations of NH4+ and heavy metals, such as Mn2+, Zn2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Co2+, while carbide slag (CS) contains high amount of OH- and CO32-, both posing a serious threat to the ecosystem. In this study, EMR and CS synergistic stabilization/solidification (S/S) was discussed science CS could stabilize or solidify EMR and simultaneously reduce its corrosive. The results showed that after the synergistic S/S for 24 h when liquid-solid ratio was 17.5% and CS dosage was 7%, Mn2+ and NH4+ leaching concentrations of the S/S EMR were below the detection limits (0.02 mg/L and 0.10 mg/L) with a pH value of 8.8, meeting the requirements of the Chinese integrated wastewater discharge standard (GB 8978-1996). Mn2+ was stabilized as MnFe2O4, Mn2SiO4, CaMnSi2O6, and NH4+ escaped as NH3. Zn2+, Cu2+, Pb2+, Ni2+ and Co2+ in EMR can also be stabilized/solidified because of the react with OH- and CO32- in CS. Chemical cost was only $ 0.54 for per ton of EMR synergistic harmless treatment with CS. This study provided a new idea for EMR cost-effective and environment-friendly harmless treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dejun He
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Jiancheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Xiangfei Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Yifan Wei
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Mengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China.
| | - Daoyong Tan
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
| | - Qian Liang
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and Resource Recycle (SWUST), Ministry of Education, Southwest University of Science and Technology, 59 Qinglong Road, Mianyang 621010, China
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Wang N, Mao M, Mao G, Yin J, He R, Zhou H, Li N, Liu Q, Zhi K. Investigation on carbide slag catalytic effect of Mongolian bituminous coal steam gasification process. Chemosphere 2021; 264:128500. [PMID: 33035954 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.128500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Carbide slag may pollute the environment because it is difficult to handle. In this paper, carbide slag without pretreatment served as the new source of calcium and was added to bituminous coal for gasification experiments to realize waste utilization. The gasification experiment after adding carbide slag to bituminous coal enhances H2 production, which reduced the activation energy of the gasification reaction. The results show that the catalytic effect on steam gasification was evident when the carbide slag was added to Mongolian bituminous coal. The coal char at reaction temperature was prepared and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman, Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and FT-IR spectroscopy. The carbon structure evolution and calcium structure changes of coal char under reaction temperature were studied, and the influence of coal char structure changes on gasification performance was analyzed. The results show that in the coal char added with carbide slag, the oxygen-containing functional groups generated by the polycondensation reaction interacted with calcium to form a calcium-oxygen-carbon complex. The existence of this structure not only leads to the highly uniform dispersion of CaO in the char but also hinders the graphitization process of the char. Highly dispersed CaO and disordered carbon structure significantly improved the reactivity of bituminous coal steam gasification. Si and Al in the bituminous coal affected the dispersion of Ca during steam gasification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resource, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, PR China
| | - Min Mao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resource, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, PR China
| | - Guoyu Mao
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resource, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, PR China
| | - Jianbo Yin
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resource, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, PR China
| | - Runxia He
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resource, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, PR China
| | - Huacong Zhou
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resource, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, PR China
| | - Na Li
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resource, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, PR China
| | - Quansheng Liu
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resource, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, PR China.
| | - Keduan Zhi
- Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of High-Value Functional Utilization of Low Rank Carbon Resource, College of Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University of Technology, Hohhot, 010051, PR China.
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Li T, Wang Z, Zhang S, Zhong M, Liu Y, Gong X. Preparation of CaO-containing carbon pellet from recycling of carbide slag: Effects of temperature and H 3PO 4. Waste Manag 2019; 84:64-73. [PMID: 30691914 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2018.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
CaO-containing carbon pellets (CCCP) was prepared by mixing carbide slag (Ca(OH)2) and powdered char to produce CaC2, achieving the recycling of carbide slag during CaC2 production process. The thermal strength of CCCP was the focus of most attention when employing arc furnaces as reactors for CaC2 production in industry. To improve the thermal strength of CCCP, H3PO4 was used as a binder in this study. The results indicated that Ca3(PO4)2 reacted by H3PO4 and Ca(OH)2 could help refine the average particle sizes of CaO, resulted in a relatively uniform pore diameter distribution of CCCP with low porosity, therefore improving the thermal strength of CCCP. When H3PO4 content was more than 8 wt%, some over-sintering and melting structure for CaO particles appear, and thus resulting in the decrease in thermal strength of CCCP. The experimental results show that CCCP with 3% H3PO4 has the best thermal strength at 1100 °C. The non-isothermal shrinkage kinetics of CCCP indicated that the addition of 3% H3PO4 reduced the apparent activation energy of sintering reactions and accelerated the sintering of CaO particles in CCCP. Furthermore, the addition of H3PO4 has a positive effect on the formation of CaO sintered necks, enhancing the strength of CCCP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China; Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China.
| | - Zhishuai Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Tong Li
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China
| | - Shu Zhang
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, Jiangsu, PR China
| | - Mei Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China.
| | - Yue'e Liu
- Key Laboratory of Coal Clean Conversion & Chemical Engineering Process (Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region), College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xinjiang University, Urumqi 830046, Xinjiang, PR China
| | - Xuzhong Gong
- Key Laboratory of Green Process and Engineering, National Engineering Laboratory for Hydrometallurgical Cleaner Production Technology, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, PR China.
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Meng J, Zhong L, Wang L, Liu X, Tang C, Chen H, Xu J. Contrasting effects of alkaline amendments on the bioavailability and uptake of Cd in rice plants in a Cd-contaminated acid paddy soil. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2018; 25:8827-8835. [PMID: 29330814 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-1148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
Reducing cadmium (Cd) concentrations in rice grains is important for food safety, particularly in acid paddy fields in South China where the soils have been previously contaminated with Cd. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four alkaline amendments, i.e., lime, compost, biochar, and carbide slag on soil bioavailability and uptake of Cd in plants of two rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) in a Cd-contaminated acid paddy soil. The addition of these amendments significantly decreased the concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Cd by 13-41%. Cd in the acid-soluble fraction was decreased in these amended soils while it increased in the residual fraction. The amendments also decreased the uptake of Cd in the plants at the tillering and mature growth stages. The concentrations of Cd in plant tissues at maturity were in the order: root > shoot > bran > polished rice > husk. The amendment of carbide slag decreased Cd concentration in rice grains the most, followed by lime, biochar, and compost. The increases in soil pH and the decreases in the acid-soluble fraction of Cd (F1-Cd) indicated that these amendments can directly transform the highly availability fraction of Cd to a more stable fraction (residual Cd fraction) in soils. Furthermore, the Cd concentrations in polished rice grains of the two rice cultivars used were reduced by 66-67% by treatment with carbide slag. Our study suggests that carbide slag has a great potential to reduce the bioavailability and uptake of Cd in rice plants in Cd-contaminated acid paddy field soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Meng
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Libin Zhong
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Lu Wang
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xingmei Liu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Caixian Tang
- Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne Campus, Bundoora, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Hongjin Chen
- Zhejiang Province Agriculture Department, Hangzhou, 310028, China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Institute of Soil and Water Resources and Environmental Science, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Agricultural Resources and Environment, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
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Zhao Y, Zhan J, Liu G, Zheng M, Jin R, Yang L, Hao L, Wu X, Zhang X, Wang P. Evaluation of dioxins and dioxin-like compounds from a cement plant using carbide slag from chlor-alkali industry as the major raw material. J Hazard Mater 2017; 330:135-141. [PMID: 28214649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2017.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Carbide slag produced from chlor-alkali industry contains high amounts of calcium compounds and can potentially be used as raw material for cement production; however, it contains large amounts of chlorine so it is essential to evaluate the emissions of chlorinated organic pollutants, including polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and polychlorinated naphthalenes (PCNs). A field study of the emission profiles of these pollutants in a cement plant using such slag was performed. The average concentrations of PCDD/Fs, PCBs, and PCNs in stack gases collected at the kiln back end were 6.31, 1.07, and 31.89pg TEQ m-3, respectively. PCDFs dominated over PCDDs in particulate samples. Di- to pentachlorinated biphenyls were dominant homologs in the particulate samples. MonoCBs were the dominant homolog in stack gases from the kiln back end, and homolog concentrations decreased with increasing chlorine numbers. Mono- and diCNs accounted for 48-98% of PCNs. The estimated toxic equivalents of stack gas emissions of PCNs, classified as new persistent organic pollutants under Stockholm Convention, were unexpectedly higher than those of PCDD/Fs and PCBs. A mass balance indicated that all of the toxic equivalents were reduced by this cement kiln system. The highest 2,3,7,8-PCDD/F output is with clinker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jiayu Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Guorui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Minghui Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Rong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lili Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liwei Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Reuse for Building Materials, Beijing Building Materials Academy of Sciences Research, Beijing 100041, China
| | - Xiaolin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Pu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
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