Investigation of carbonic anhydrase 6 gene polymorphism rs2274327 in relation to the oral health status and salivary composition in type 2 diabetic patients

OBJECTIVE

The aim of the present study was to investigate the oral manifestations and salivary composition in type 2 diabetics with periodontitis and to evaluate their association with CA6 gene polymorphism rs2274327.

METHODS

Oral examination was performed by a single periodontist for 300 type 2 diabetics. Whole unstimulated saliva and blood were collected. The salivary pH, buffer capacity and flow rate were later measured. Immunoglobulin A and electrolytes were assessed using an autoanalyzer. CA6 gene polymorphism rs2274327 was screened by PCR-RFLP assay. The statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0 version.

RESULTS

The salivary pH, buffer capacity and flow rate were significantly lower in the patients carrying TT genotype compared to CC and CT genotype carriers (p < .05). Furthermore, the DMFT index, OHI-s, PI, PPD and CAL were significantly higher in the subjects with TT genotype (p < .05). Carrying at least one T allele seemed to increase the risk of dental caries (OR = 2.59, p < .001), xerostomia (OR = 2.11, p=.003) and taste impairment (OR = 1.97, p < .05).

CONCLUSION

CA6 gene polymorphism rs2274327 seemed to increase the risk of developing, dental caries, periodontitis, xerostomia and taste impairment in type 2 diabetics.

Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in the Aetiology of Caries: Systematic Literature Review

Recent progress in the field of molecular biology and techniques of DNA sequence analysis allowed determining the meaning of hereditary factors of many common human diseases. Studies of genetic mechanisms in the aetiology of caries encompass, primarily, 4 main groups of genes responsible for (1) the development of enamel, (2) formation and composition of saliva, (3) immunological responses, and (4) carbohydrate metabolism. The aim of this study was to present current knowledge about the influence of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genetic variants on the occurrence of dental caries. PubMed/Medline, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for papers on the influence of genetic factors connected with SNP on the occurrence of dental caries in children, teenagers, and adults. Thirty original papers written in English were included in this review. Study groups ranged from 30 to 13,000 subjects. SNPs were observed in 30 genes. Results of the majority of studies confirm the participation of hereditary factors in the aetiology of caries. Three genes, AMELX, AQP5, and ESRRB, have the most promising evidence based on multiple replications and data, supporting a role of these genes in caries. The review of the literature proves that SNP is linked with the aetiology of dental caries.