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Sinaiko G, Cao Y, Dietrich CH. Phylogenomics of the leafhopper genus Neoaliturus Distant, 1918 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) reveals genetically divergent lineages in the invasive beet leafhopper. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2024; 195:108071. [PMID: 38579933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2024.108071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Phylogenomic analysis based on nucleotide sequences of 398 nuclear gene loci for 67 representatives of the leafhopper genus Neoaliturus yielded well-resolved estimates of relationships among species of the genus. Subgenus Neoaliturus (Neoaliturus) is consistently paraphyletic with respect to Neoaliturus (Circulifer). The analysis revealed the presence of at least ten genetically divergent clades among specimens consistent with the previous morphology-based definition of the leafhopper genus "Circulifer" which includes three previously recognized "species complexes." Specimens of the American beet leafhopper, N. tenellus (Baker), collected from the southwestern USA consistently group with one of these clades, comprising specimens from the eastern Mediterranean. Some of the remaining lineages are consistent with ecological differences previously observed among eastern Mediterranean populations and suggest that N. tenellus, as previously defined, comprises multiple monophyletic species, distinguishable by slight morphological differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guy Sinaiko
- School of Zoology, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv 6997801, Israel.
| | - Yanghui Cao
- Key Laboratory of Plant Protection Resources and Pest Management of the Ministry of Education, Entomological Museum, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, China
| | - Christopher H Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA
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Shah B, Hassan MA, Xie B, Wu K, Naveed H, Yan M, Dietrich CH, Duan Y. Mitogenomic Analysis and Phylogenetic Implications for the Deltocephaline Tribe Chiasmini (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae). Insects 2024; 15:253. [PMID: 38667383 PMCID: PMC11050438 DOI: 10.3390/insects15040253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
The grassland leafhopper tribe Chiasmini (Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae) presently comprises 324 described species worldwide, with the highest species diversity occurring in the Nearctic region but a greater diversity of genera occurring in the Old World. In China, this tribe comprises 39 described species in 11 genera, but the fauna remains understudied. The complete mitogenomes of three species of this tribe have been sequenced previously. In order to better understand the phylogenetic position of Chiasmini within the subfamily Deltocephalinae and to investigate relationships among Chiasmini genera and species, we sequenced and analyzed the complete mitogenomes of 13 species belonging to seven genera from China. Comparison of the newly sequenced mitogenomes reveals a closed circular double-stranded structure containing 37 genes with a total length of 14,805 to 16,269 bp and a variable number of non-coding A + T-rich regions. The gene size, gene order, gene arrangement, base composition, codon usage, and secondary structure of tRNAs of the newly sequenced mitogenomes of these 13 species are highly conserved in Chiasmini. The ATN codon is commonly used as the start codon in protein-coding genes (PCGs), except for ND5 in Doratura sp. and ATP6 in Nephotettix nigropictus, which use the rare GTG start codon. Most protein-coding genes have TAA or TAG as the stop codon, but some genes have an incomplete T stop codon. Except for the tRNA for serine (trnS1(AGN)), the secondary structure of the other 21 tRNAs is a typical cloverleaf structure. In addition to the primary type of G-U mismatch, five other types of tRNA mismatches were observed: A-A, A-C, A-G, U-C, and U-U. Chiasmini mitochondrial genomes exhibit gene overlaps with three relatively stable regions: the overlapping sequence between trnW and trnC is AAGTCTTA, the overlapping sequence between ATP8 and ATP6 is generally ATGATTA, and the overlapping sequence between ND4 and ND4L is generally TTATCAT. The largest non-coding region is the control region, which exhibits significant length and compositional variation among species. Some Chiasmini have tandem repeat structures within their control regions. Unlike some other deltocephaline leafhoppers, the sequenced Chiasmini lack mitochondrial gene rearrangements. Phylogenetic analyses of different combinations of protein-coding and ribosomal genes using maximum likelihood and Bayesian methods under different models, using either amino acid or nucleotide sequences, are generally consistent and also agree with results of prior analyses of nuclear and partial mitochondrial gene sequence data, indicating that complete mitochondrial genomes are phylogenetically informative at different levels of divergence within Chiasmini and among leafhoppers in general. Apart from Athysanini and Opsiini, most of the deltocephaline tribes are recovered as monophyletic. The results of ML and BI analyses show that Chiasmini is a monophyletic group with seven monophyletic genera arranged as follows: ((Zahniserius + (Gurawa + (Doratura + Aconurella))) + (Leofa + (Exitianus + Nephotettix))).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bismillah Shah
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (B.S.); (B.X.); (K.W.); (M.Y.)
- Department of Forestry Protection, School of Forestry and Biotechnology, Zhejiang A&F University, 666 Wusu Street, Linan, Hangzhou 311300, China
| | - Muhammad Asghar Hassan
- The Provincial Special Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Insect Resources, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China;
| | - Bingqing Xie
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (B.S.); (B.X.); (K.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Kaiqi Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (B.S.); (B.X.); (K.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hassan Naveed
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China;
| | - Minhui Yan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (B.S.); (B.X.); (K.W.); (M.Y.)
| | - Christopher H. Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL 61820, USA;
| | - Yani Duan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China; (B.S.); (B.X.); (K.W.); (M.Y.)
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Romero B, Mithöfer A, Olivier C, Wist T, Prager SM. The Role of Plant Defense Signaling Pathways in Phytoplasma-Infected and Uninfected Aster Leafhoppers' Oviposition, Development, and Settling Behavior. J Chem Ecol 2024:10.1007/s10886-024-01488-9. [PMID: 38532167 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-024-01488-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
In plant-microbe-insect systems, plant-mediated responses involve the regulation and interactions of plant defense signaling pathways of phytohormones jasmonic acid (JA), ethylene (ET), and salicylic acid (SA). Phytoplasma subgroup 16SrI is the causal agent of Aster Yellows (AY) disease and is primarily transmitted by populations of aster leafhoppers (Macrosteles quadrilineatus Forbes). Aster Yellows infection in plants is associated with the downregulation of the JA pathway and increased leafhopper oviposition. The extent to which the presence of intact phytohormone-mediated defensive pathways regulates aster leafhopper behavioral responses, such as oviposition or settling preferences, remains unknown. We conducted no-choice and two-choice bioassays using a selection of Arabidopsis thaliana lines that vary in their defense pathways and repeated the experiments using AY-infected aster leafhoppers to evaluate possible differences associated with phytoplasma infection. While nymphal development was similar among the different lines and groups of AY-uninfected and AY-infected insects, the number of offspring and individual female egg load of AY-uninfected and AY-infected insects differed in lines with mutated components of the JA and SA signaling pathways. In most cases, AY-uninfected insects preferred to settle on wild-type (WT) plants over mutant lines; no clear pattern was observed in the settling preference of AY-infected insects. These findings support previous observations in other plant pathosystems and suggest that plant signaling pathways and infection with a plant pathogen can affect insect behavioral responses in more than one manner. Potential differences with previous work on AY could be related to the specific subgroup of phytoplasma involved in each case.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berenice Romero
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada.
| | - Axel Mithöfer
- Research Group Plant Defense Physiology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Chrystel Olivier
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Tyler Wist
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada Saskatoon Research and Development Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Sean M Prager
- Department of Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Bioresources, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A8, Canada
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Aguín-Pombo D, Kuznetsova VG. True Parthenogenesis and Female-Biased Sex Ratios in Cicadomorpha and Fulgoromorpha (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha). Insects 2023; 14:820. [PMID: 37887832 PMCID: PMC10607665 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Insects are renowned for their remarkable diversity of reproductive modes. Among these, the largest non-holometabolous order, Hemiptera, stands out with one of the most diversified arrays of parthenogenesis modes observed among insects. Although there are extensive reviews on reproduction without fertilization in some hemipteran higher taxa, no such analysis has been conducted for the large suborders Fulgoromorpha (planthoppers) and Cicadomorpha (leafhoppers). In both groups, there are species that reproduce by true parthenogenesis, specifically thelytoky, and in Fulgoromorpha, there are species that reproduce by pseudogamy or, more specifically, sperm-dependent parthenogenesis. In this review paper, we give and discuss the only currently known examples of true parthenogenesis in Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha, mainly from the planthopper family Delphacidae and the leafhopper family Cicadellidae. We analyze patterns of distribution, ecology, mating behavior, acoustic communication, and cytogenetic and genetic diversity of parthenoforms and discuss hypotheses about the origin of parthenogenesis in each case. We also highlight examples in which natural populations show a shift in sex ratio toward females and discuss possible causes of this phenomenon, primarily the influence of endosymbiotic bacteria capable of altering the reproductive strategies of the hosts. Our review is mainly based on studies in which the authors have participated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Aguín-Pombo
- Faculdade de Ciências da Vida, University of Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), 4485-661 Vairão, Portugal
| | - Valentina G. Kuznetsova
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Universitetskaya emb. 1, 199034 St. Petersburg, Russia
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Prazaru SC, dal Mas G, Padoin M, Rizzardo D, Meggio F, Pitacco A, Pozzebon A, Duso C. Effect of Leaf Removal and Insecticide Applications on Population Densities of Leafhoppers and Mites Associated with Grapevines. Insects 2023; 14:791. [PMID: 37887803 PMCID: PMC10607907 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we tested the effects of mechanical leaf removal, insecticide application, and their interaction on leafhoppers and phytophagous and predatory mites occurring in two vineyards over three growing seasons. Leaf removal was performed in the fruit zone using a two-head pulsed air leaf remover, while insecticides were applied with a tunnel air-assisted sprayer at the maximum dose/ha recommended on the product label. Results demonstrated the efficacy of insecticide application in reducing the population densities of leafhoppers but also their detrimental effects on predatory mites. In a number of case studies, leaf removal reduced leafhopper and predatory mite densities. In one vineyard, phytophagous mite populations increased some weeks after leaf removal and insecticide application, highlighting the need to carefully consider the potential impact of vineyard management practices on non-target arthropods in the IPM framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Cristian Prazaru
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.d.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (F.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Giovanni dal Mas
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.d.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (F.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Matteo Padoin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.d.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (F.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Denis Rizzardo
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.d.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (F.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (C.D.)
| | - Franco Meggio
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.d.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (F.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (C.D.)
- Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Viale XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
| | - Andrea Pitacco
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.d.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (F.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (C.D.)
- Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Viale XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
| | - Alberto Pozzebon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.d.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (F.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (C.D.)
- Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Viale XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
| | - Carlo Duso
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, Italy; (G.d.M.); (M.P.); (D.R.); (F.M.); (A.P.); (A.P.); (C.D.)
- Centre for Research in Viticulture and Enology (CIRVE), Viale XXVIII Aprile 14, 31015 Conegliano, Italy
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Wu W, Ye Z, Mao Q, Shan HW, Li JM, Chen JP. Combined Transcriptome and Proteome Analysis of the Protein Composition of the Brochosomes of the Leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps. Insects 2023; 14:784. [PMID: 37887796 PMCID: PMC10607721 DOI: 10.3390/insects14100784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Revised: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Brochosomes, unique coatings on the integuments of Cicadellidae, are synthesized in specialized glandular sections of Malpighian tubules. However, limited knowledge exists regarding the protein composition of brochosomes. In this study, we conducted transcriptomic and proteomic profiling to characterize the brochosome protein composition in the rice green leafhopper Nephotettix cincticeps. Brochosomes were collected from the forewings of leafhoppers using ultrasonic treatment, allowing for more effective brochosome collection and shaking treatment, resulting in purer brochosomes. Transcriptome sequencing analysis identified 106 genes specifically expressed in the Malpighian tubules; combined with proteomic data, we identified 22 candidate brochosome proteins. These proteins were classified into 12 brochosomins (BSM) and 10 brochosome-associated proteins (BSAP) based on previous research. Conserved motif analysis and functional predictions unveiled unique motifs in each BSM, while BSAP appeared to play a crucial role in BSM folding and pathogen resistance. Comparative analysis of other Hemiptera species demonstrated that all BSM and some BSAP are specific to the Cicadellidae family. Our findings could contribute to understanding the mechanism of brochosome synthesis, its function, and evolutionary genesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | | | | | | | | | - Jian-Ping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Li H, Yu K, Zhao R, Wu G, Xiong CF. The complete mitochondrial genome of leafhopper Atkinsoniella nigrita (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with the shortest 12S rRNA and longest tRNA-Lys of the Atkinsoniella genus. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2023; 8:709-713. [PMID: 37396095 PMCID: PMC10312024 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2023.2228932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the leafhopper Atkinsoniella nigrita Zhang & Kuoh, 1993 was determined in this study. The entire sequence was 16,011 base pairs (bp) in length. The new mitogenome consists of a typical set of genes: 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and one control region of 1720 bp in length. The base composition of the mitogenome was A = 41.7%, T = 38.2%, C = 10.7%, and G = 9.4%. This is the classical structure for most insect mitogenomes without any gene arrangement observed. Compared with other known mitochondrial genomes of 15 Atkinsoniella species, the new mitogenome with three PCGs (ND2, ND5, and ND4L) shared the same gene base length, start codon and stop codon, and the shortest 12S rRNA (729 bp) and the longest tRNA-Lys (73 bp) within the genus Atkinsoniella. A phylogenetic analysis of 31 Cicadellinae and two Ledrinae concatenated sequences of 13 PCGs of their mitogenomes using Bayesian inference (BI) revealed that A. nigrita belongs to the genus Atkinsoniella with strong nodal support (BI posterior probability = 1).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bio-resources; School of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology; Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C.; State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Qinling-Bashan, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Kai Yu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bio-resources; School of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology; Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C.; State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Qinling-Bashan, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Rui Zhao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bio-resources; School of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology; Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C.; State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Qinling-Bashan, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Gang Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bio-resources; School of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology; Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C.; State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Qinling-Bashan, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
| | - Chuan-Feng Xiong
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Bio-resources; School of Biological Science & Engineering, Shaanxi University of Technology; Qinling-Bashan Mountains Bioresources Comprehensive Development C.I.C.; State Key Laboratory of Biological Resources and Ecological Environment of Qinling-Bashan, Hanzhong, Shaanxi, China
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Rossi M, Galetto L, Bodino N, Beltramo J, Gamalero S, Pegoraro M, Bosco D, Marzachì C. Competition among Flavescence Dorée Phytoplasma Strains in the Experimental Insect Vector Euscelidius variegatus. Insects 2023; 14:575. [PMID: 37504582 PMCID: PMC10380400 DOI: 10.3390/insects14070575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Phytoplasmas are plant pathogenic wall-less bacteria transmitted in a persistent propagative manner by hemipteran insects, mainly belonging to the suborder Auchenorrhyncha (Fulgoromorpha and Cicadomorpha). Flavescence dorée (FD) is a quarantine disease of grapevine, causing great damage to European viticulture and associated with phytoplasmas belonging to 16SrV-C (FD-C) and -D (FD-D) subgroups. FD-C and FD-D strains share similar pathogenicity, but mixed infections are rare in nature. To investigate the competition among FDp strains, specimens of the laboratory vector Euscelidius variegatus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were forced to acquire both phytoplasma haplotypes upon feeding on FD-C- and FD-D-infected plants or after the injection of both strains. The pathogen colonization of insect bodies and heads was monitored with multiplex qPCR, and the efficiencies of phytoplasma transmission were estimated. Single infection, irrespective of strain type, was more frequent than expected, indicating that competition among FD strains occurs. Hypotheses of competition for resources and/or host active sites or the direct antibiosis of one strain against the other are discussed, based on the genetic complexity of FDp populations and on the high genome variability of the FD-D strain. As FD management still mainly relies on insecticides against vectors, the characterization of FDp haplotypes and the description of their epidemiology also have practical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Rossi
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Luciana Galetto
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Nicola Bodino
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali ed Alimentari DISAFA, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Jessica Beltramo
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali ed Alimentari DISAFA, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Silvia Gamalero
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e della Vita, Università del Piemonte Orientale "Amedeo Avogadro", Viale Teresa Michel 11, 15121 Alessandria, Italy
| | - Mattia Pegoraro
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
- Metrologia dei Materiali Innovativi e Scienze della Vita, Istituto Nazionale di Ricerca Metrologica, INRiM, Strada delle Cacce 91, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Domenico Bosco
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali ed Alimentari DISAFA, Università degli Studi di Torino, Largo Paolo Braccini 2, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Cristina Marzachì
- Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, IPSP-CNR, Strada delle Cacce 73, 10135 Torino, Italy
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Rodrigues I, Rebelo MT, Baptista P, Pereira JA. Cicadomorpha Community (Hemiptera: Auchenorrhyncha) in Portuguese Vineyards with Notes of Potential Vectors of Xylella fastidiosa. Insects 2023; 14:251. [PMID: 36975936 PMCID: PMC10057602 DOI: 10.3390/insects14030251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Cicadomorpha (Hemiptera) insects are currently responsible for a growing negative impact on the agricultural economy due to their ability to directly damage crops or through the capacity to act as vectors for plant pathogens. The phytopathogenic bacterium Xylella fastidiosa, the causal agent of Pierce's disease in vineyards, is exclusively transmitted by insects of this infraorder. Therefore, knowledge of the Cicadomorpha species and understanding their biology and ecology is crucial. In this work, in 2018 and 2019, the canopy and inter-row vegetation of 35 vineyards distributed in mainland Portugal were sampled to investigate species composition, richness, and diversity of the Cicadomorpha community, with a special focus given to vectors and potential vectors of X. fastidiosa. A total of 11,834 individuals were collected, 3003 in 2018 and 8831 in 2019. Of the 81 species/morphospecies identified, only five are considered vectors or potential vectors of this pathogen, namely, Cicadella viridis (Linnaeus, 1758), Philaenus spumarius (Linnaeus, 1758), Neophilaenus campestris (Fallén, 1805), Lepyronia coleoptrata (Linnaeus, 1758), and N. lineatus (Linnaeus, 1758). Cicadella viridis was the most abundant xylem sap feeder, followed by P. spumarius. In addition, Cicadomorpha that cause direct damage to vines and vectors of grapevine yellows' phytoplasmas were also collected and identified in the sampled vineyards. The results suggested that vectors and potential vectors of X. fastidiosa and a large proportion of the population of Cicadomorpha have a positive correction with inter-row vegetation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Rodrigues
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Departamento de Ingeniería Agrária, Universidad de Léon, Av. Portugal, n° 41, 24071 Léon, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Rebelo
- Centre for Environmental and Marine Studies (CESAM), Department of Animal Biology, University of Lisboa, Campo Grande 016, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Paula Baptista
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
| | - José Alberto Pereira
- Centro de Investigação de Montanha (CIMO), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
- Laboratório Associado para a Sustentabilidade e Tecnologia em Regiões de Montanha (SusTEC), Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Campus de Santa Apolónia, 5300-253 Bragança, Portugal
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10
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Yao Q, Wang M, Chen Z. The Relative Preference of Empoasca onukii (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) for Oviposition on Twenty-Four Tea Cultivars. J Econ Entomol 2022; 115:1521-1530. [PMID: 36029237 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The tea green leafhopper, Empoasca onukii Matsuda (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is currently one of the most threatening pests of tea production in China. Several approaches have been used to identify the resistance of different tea cultivars to this important tea pest. However, relatively limited information has been documented about its oviposition preferences. This study aimed to elucidate the preferential oviposition of E. onukii among 24 tea cultivars. Towards this objective, a multi-selective test for E. onukii oviposition was conducted in the laboratory, and the egg densities of E. onukii on 24 varieties were also surveyed in plantations at different time periods during the tea plant growing season in 2019. There was a significant difference in E. onukii egg densities among the 24 cultivars studied in both laboratory tests and the field investigations. Moreover, there was a positive correlation between the laboratory and field data for the number of eggs laid per cultivar. According to the laboratory and field evaluations, 2 cultivars were identified as very-susceptible for E. onukii oviposition, while another 5 cultivars were assigned as susceptible, 9 cultivars were classified as resistant and 2 cultivars were identified as very-resistant, respectively. This information on the oviposition preference for E. onukii on different cultivars could be used as a selection parameter for further breeding of leafhopper-resistant tea cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yao
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Manqun Wang
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zongmao Chen
- Tea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310008, China
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11
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Abstract
Evolutionary innovations generate phenotypic and species diversity. Elucidating the genomic processes underlying such innovations is central to understanding biodiversity. In this study, we addressed the genomic basis of evolutionary novelties in the glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis, GWSS), an agricultural pest. Prominent evolutionary innovations in leafhoppers include brochosomes, proteinaceous structures that are excreted and used to coat the body, and obligate symbiotic associations with two bacterial types that reside within cytoplasm of distinctive cell types. Using PacBio long-read sequencing and Dovetail Omni-C technology, we generated a chromosome-level genome assembly for the GWSS and then validated the assembly using flow cytometry and karyotyping. Additional transcriptomic and proteomic data were used to identify novel genes that underlie brochosome production. We found that brochosome-associated genes include novel gene families that have diversified through tandem duplications. We also identified the locations of genes involved in interactions with bacterial symbionts. Ancestors of the GWSS acquired bacterial genes through horizontal gene transfer (HGT), and these genes appear to contribute to symbiont support. Using a phylogenomics approach, we inferred HGT sources and timing. We found that some HGT events date to the common ancestor of the hemipteran suborder Auchenorrhyncha, representing some of the oldest known examples of HGT in animals. Overall, we show that evolutionary novelties in leafhoppers are generated by the combination of acquiring novel genes, produced both de novo and through tandem duplication, acquiring new symbiotic associations that enable use of novel diets and niches, and recruiting foreign genes to support symbionts and enhance herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Li
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yiyuan Li
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Allen Z Xue
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Vy Dang
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - V Renee Holmes
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX,USA
| | | | - Jeffrey E Barrick
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Nancy A Moran
- Department of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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12
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Manzano C, Fernandez PC, Hill JG, Luft Albarracin E, Virla EG, Coll Aráoz MV. Chemical Ecology of the host searching behavior in an Egg Parasitoid: are Common Chemical Cues exploited to locate hosts in Taxonomically Distant Plant Species? J Chem Ecol 2022; 48:650-659. [PMID: 35921017 DOI: 10.1007/s10886-022-01373-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
Parasitoids are known to exploit volatile cues emitted by plants after herbivore attack to locate their hosts. Feeding and oviposition of a polyphagous herbivore can induce the emission of odor blends that differ among distant plant species, and parasitoids have evolved an incredible ability to discriminate them and locate their hosts relying on olfactive cues. We evaluated the host searching behavior of the egg parasitoid Cosmocomoidea annulicornis (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) in response to odors emitted by two taxonomically distant host plants, citrus and Johnson grass, after infestation by the sharpshooter Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), vector of Citrus Variegated Chlorosis. Olfactory response of female parasitoids toward plants with no herbivore damage and plants with feeding damage, oviposition damage, and parasitized eggs was tested in a Y-tube olfactometer. In addition, volatiles released by the two host plant species constitutively and under herbivore attack were characterized. Females of C. annulicornis were able to detect and significantly preferred plants with host eggs, irrespectively of plant species. However, wasps were unable to discriminate between plants with healthy eggs and those with eggs previously parasitized by conspecifics. Analysis of plant volatiles induced after sharpshooter attack showed only two common volatiles between the two plant species, indole and β-caryophyllene. Our results suggest that this parasitoid wasp uses common chemical cues released by many different plants after herbivory at long range and, once on the plant, other more specific chemical cues could trigger the final decision to oviposit.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Manzano
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - P C Fernandez
- Centro de Investigaciones en Hidratos de Carbono, CIHIDECAR-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.,Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Av. San Martin 4453, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J G Hill
- Facultad de Agronomía, Zootecnia y Veterinaria, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Av. Kirchner 1.900, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - E Luft Albarracin
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - E G Virla
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo. Miguel Lillo 251, (4000), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M V Coll Aráoz
- PROIMI - CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina. .,Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 205, (4000), Tucumán, Argentina.
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13
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Manzano C, Virla EG, Coll Araoz MV, Luft-Albarracin E. Ovigeny strategy of the parasitic wasp Cosmocomoidea annulicornis (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae): effect of female age, feeding and host availability on reproductive traits. Bull Entomol Res 2022; 112:228-235. [PMID: 34486968 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive traits of the mymarid wasp Cosmocomoidea annulicornis (Ogloblin) (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) attacking eggs of the sharpshooter Tapajosa rubromarginata (Signoret) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Bioassays were carried out to estimate the realized fecundity and egg load of females. The ovigeny index was calculated and different biological traits, such as body size, oöcyte length, gaster length and wing length, were analysed to assess significant associations between these traits and the species fitness. In addition, the effect of host availability and feeding on longevity and potential fecundity throughout life and the effect of female age on egg maturation dynamics were assessed. The results showed that C. annulicornis is a strongly synovigenic species. A positive correlation was found between fecundity and longevity of the females and between body size and oöcyte length. Contrary to expected, body size was not related to fecundity and longevity. Females lived significantly longer in the presence of hosts and honey than when they were host-deprived and honey-fed or both host and honey deprived. Host availability had a significant effect on the amount of eggs laid by C. annulicornis females. Female age was negatively associated with oöcyte length. Furthermore, females were able to mature additional eggs as they aged, nevertheless, when host-deprived, senescent females presented significantly less mature eggs than younger ones, suggesting a possible egg oosorption. These results might contribute to a better understanding of the reproductive potential of this species as a biocontrol agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Manzano
- PROIMI-Biotecnología, CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Eduardo G Virla
- PROIMI-Biotecnología, CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251 (4000), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Maria V Coll Araoz
- PROIMI-Biotecnología, CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Erica Luft-Albarracin
- PROIMI-Biotecnología, CONICET, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001MVB), Tucumán, Argentina
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14
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Bragard C, Baptista P, Chatzivassiliou E, Di Serio F, Gonthier P, Jaques Miret JA, Justesen AF, Magnusson CS, Milonas P, Navas‐Cortes JA, Parnell S, Potting R, Reignault PL, Stefani E, Thulke H, Van der Werf W, Civera AV, Yuen J, Zappalà L, Gregoire J, Malumphy C, Kertesz V, Maiorano A, MacLeod A. Pest categorisation of Arboridia kakogawana. EFSA J 2022; 20:e07023. [PMID: 35035579 PMCID: PMC8749474 DOI: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the Japanese grape leafhopper, Arboridia kakogawana (Matsumura, 1932) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), for the EU territory. This species is not included in the EU Commission Implementing Regulation 2019/2072. Adults of A. kakogawana overwinter in broad-leaved and mixed forests and move to vineyards in the spring where there may be up to four generations, before adults move back to forests during late summer-early autumn to overwinter, possibly under diapause. A. kakogawana has a restricted host range (Vitis spp. and Parthenocissus quinquefolia). It is native to Eastern Asia, from where it moved westwards reaching southern Russia in 1999, and subsequently Ukraine, Romania, Bulgaria and Serbia in 2020. A. kakogawana develops on the abaxial side of the leaves causing chlorotic spots that reduce grape quality. Plants for planting of Vitis L. are banned from entering the EU except from Switzerland, where A. kakogawana is not known to occur. Therefore, this can be considered as a closed entry pathway. However, other plants for planting including the host P. quinquefolia and many broad-leaved trees where overwintering takes place, as well as isolated bark and wood with bark provide potential pathways which are partly regulated but remain open. There are no EU records of interception. Additional introductions and further spread of A. kakogawana into/within the EU, coupled with the ample availability of grapevines and the climatic conditions would most probably allow successful establishment in most EU member states. Should this happen, economic impact in table and wine grapes is anticipated. A. kakogawana satisfies all the criteria that are within the remit of EFSA to assess for it to be regarded as a potential Union quarantine pest (UQP).
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15
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Wu K, Yan M, Zhang Y, Dietrich CH, Duan Y. The complete mitochondrial genome of Aconurella prolixa (Lethierry 1885) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2021; 7:81-83. [PMID: 34993318 PMCID: PMC8725841 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2021.2008834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the widespread leafhopper species Aconurella prolixa (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Deltocephalinae: Chiasmini) was obtained via next-generation sequencing. This mitochondrial genome is 14,832 bp in length with the 37 classical eukaryotic mitochondrial genes and a control region. All 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated with ATN, except ND5 uses TTG as the start codon, and terminate with TAA or TAG with the exception of COX2 and ND4 which use a single T residue as the stop codon. Twenty-one of the 22 transfer RNA (tRNAs) genes have the typical clover-leaf structure except for trnS1. Unlike some other species of deltocephalinae, no tRNA rearrangements were detected. The monophyly of Cicadellidae and Deltocephalinae, as well as the monophyly of Chiasmini, with a sister relationship between A. prolixa and (Exitianus indicus + Nephotettix cincticeps) is supported by Bayesian inference phylogenetic analyses based on 13 PCGs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiqi Wu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Minhui Yan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Yongxia Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
| | - Christopher H. Dietrich
- Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, Champaign, IL, USA
| | - Yani Duan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Integrated Pest Management on Crops, Key Laboratory of Biology and Sustainable Management of Plant Diseases and Pests of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, Anhui, China
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16
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Wang X, Wang J, Dai R. Structural features of the mitogenome of the leafhopper genus Cladolidia (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) and phylogenetic implications in Cicadellidae. Ecol Evol 2021; 11:12554-12566. [PMID: 34594520 PMCID: PMC8462178 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.8001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The first two complete mitogenomes of the leafhopper genus Cladolidia (C. biungulata and C. robusta) were sequenced and annotated to further explore the phylogeny of Cladolidia. Both the newly sequenced mitogenomes have a typical circular structure, with lengths of 15,247 and 15,376 bp and A + T contents of 78.2% and 78%, respectively. We identified a highly conserved genome organization in the two Cladolidia spp. through comparative analysis that included the following assessments: genome content, gene order, nucleotide composition, codon usage, amino acid composition, and tRNA secondary structure. Moreover, we detected the base heterogeneity of Cicadellidae mitogenomic data and constructed phylogenetic trees using the nucleotide alignments of 12 subfamilies of 58 leafhopper species. We noted a weak heterogeneity in the base composition among the Cicadellidae mitogenomes. Phylogenetic analyses showed that the monophyly of each subfamily was generally well supported in the family Cicadellidae; the main topology was as follows: (Deltocephalinae + (Treehoppers + ((Megophthalminae + (Macropsinae + (Hylicinae + (Coelidiinae +Iassinae)) + (Idiocerinae + (Cicadellinae + (Typhlocybinae + (Mileewinae + (Evacanthinae +Ledrinae)))))))))). Within Coelidiinae, phylogenetic analyses revealed that C. biungulata and C. robusta belong to Coelidiinae and the monophyly of Cladolidia is well supported. In addition, on the basis of complete mitogenome phylogenetic analysis and the comparison of morphological characteristics, we further confirm the genus Olidiana as a paraphyletic group, suggesting that the genus may need taxonomic revisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region Institute of Entomology Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region Institute of Entomology Guizhou University Guiyang China
| | - Renhuai Dai
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region Institute of Entomology Guizhou University Guiyang China
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17
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Virla EG, Coll Araoz MV, Luft Albarracin E. Estimation of direct damage to maize seedlings by the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), under different watering regimes. Bull Entomol Res 2021; 111:438-444. [PMID: 33583441 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485321000079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), a specialist herbivore, is the cause of serious losses in maize yield for its capacity to transmit three important plant pathogens. They are also active phloem feeders, that insert stylets into the plant as they feed. Females place their eggs endophytically, totally inserted in the central midrib or the leaf blades, leaving conspicuous openings in the place where the ovipositor was inserted. In spite of the consequences that feeding and oviposition may have on the water status of the plant and the production of biomass, direct damage caused by the leafhopper has been only scarcely studied. In the present contribution, we measured biomass loss due to direct damage in maize plants under two watering regimes, with water supply ad libitum and with a watering restricted regime, emulating the most frequent field conditions. Moreover, we analyzed the effects of increasing densities of the vector on the biomass loss and plant mortality and the effects of females vs males. We observed that a density of 10 insects is sufficient to cause damage to 10-day-old seedlings, even in an ad libitum watering regime; however, in drought conditions, damage can be significantly greater, causing plant mortality. Also, females cause more damage than males, due to their oviposition habits.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Virla
- Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251 (4000) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- PROIMI-Biotecnología, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001 MVB) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M V Coll Araoz
- PROIMI-Biotecnología, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001 MVB) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e IML, UNT, Miguel Lillo 205 (4000), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - E Luft Albarracin
- PROIMI-Biotecnología, Av. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros (T4001 MVB) San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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18
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Wang X, Wang J, Dai RH. Mitogenomics of five Olidiana leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Coelidiinae) and their phylogenetic implications. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11086. [PMID: 33986976 PMCID: PMC8086571 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Similar morphological characteristics and limited molecular data of Olidiana resulted in their unknown phylogenetic statuses and equivocal relationships. To further understand the genus Olidiana, we sequenced and annotated five Olidiana complete mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes). Our results show that Olidiana mitogenomes range from 15,205 bp to 15,993 bp in length and include 37 typical genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNAs, and 2 rRNAs) and a control region. Their nucleotide composition, codon usage, features of control region, and tRNA secondary structures are similar to other members of Cicadellidae. We constructed the phylogenetic tree of Cicadellidae using the maximum likelihood (ML) and Bayesian inference (BI) methods based on all valid mitogenome sequences. The most topological structure of the obtained phylogenetic tree is consistent. Our results support the monophyletic relationships among 10 subfamilies within Cicadellidae and confirm Iassinae and Coelidiinae to be sister groups with high approval ratings. Interestingly, Olidiana was inferred as a paraphyletic group with strong support via both ML and BI analyses. These complete mitogenomes of five Olidiana species could be useful in further studies for species diagnosis, evolution, and phylogeny research within Cicadellidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyi Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, Guizhou Provincial, China
| | - Jiajia Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, Guizhou Provincial, China
| | - Ren-Huai Dai
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guiyang, Guizhou Provincial, China
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19
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Redihough J, Russo IRM, Stewart AJA, Malenovský I, Stockdale JE, Moorhouse-Gann RJ, Wilson MR, Symondson WOC. Species Separation within, and Preliminary Phylogeny for, the Leafhopper Genus Anoscopus with Particular Reference to the Putative British Endemic Anoscopus duffieldi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Insects 2020; 11:E799. [PMID: 33202804 PMCID: PMC7697789 DOI: 10.3390/insects11110799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The subfamily Aphrodinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) contains ~33 species in Europe within four genera. Species in two genera in particular, Aphrodes and Anoscopus, have proved to be difficult to distinguish morphologically. Our aim was to determine the status of the putative species Anoscopus duffieldi, found only on the RSPB Nature Reserve at Dungeness, Kent, a possible rare UK endemic. DNA from samples of all seven UK Anoscopus species (plus Anoscopusalpinus from the Czech Republic) were sequenced using parts of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rRNA genes. Bayesian inference phylogenies were created. Specimens of each species clustered into monophyletic groups, except for Anoscopusalbifrons, A. duffieldi and Anoscopuslimicola. Two A. albifrons specimens grouped with A. duffieldi repeatedly with strong support, and the remaining A. albifrons clustered within A. limicola. Genetic distances suggest that A. albifrons and A. limicola are a single interbreeding population (0% divergence), while A. albifrons and A. duffieldi diverged by only 0.28%. Shared haplotypes between A. albifrons, A. limicola and A. duffieldi strongly suggest interbreeding, although misidentification may also explain these topologies. However, all A. duffieldi clustered together in the trees. A conservative approach might be to treat A. duffieldi, until other evidence is forthcoming, as a possible endemic subspecies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Redihough
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (J.R.); (I.-R.M.R.); (J.E.S.); (R.J.M.-G.)
| | - Isa-Rita M. Russo
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (J.R.); (I.-R.M.R.); (J.E.S.); (R.J.M.-G.)
| | - Alan J. A. Stewart
- School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton BN1 9QG, East Sussex, UK;
| | - Igor Malenovský
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, CZ-611 37 Brno, Czech Republic;
| | - Jennifer E. Stockdale
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (J.R.); (I.-R.M.R.); (J.E.S.); (R.J.M.-G.)
| | - Rosemary J. Moorhouse-Gann
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (J.R.); (I.-R.M.R.); (J.E.S.); (R.J.M.-G.)
| | - Michael R. Wilson
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff CF10 3NP, UK;
| | - William O. C. Symondson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Sir Martin Evans Building, Museum Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK; (J.R.); (I.-R.M.R.); (J.E.S.); (R.J.M.-G.)
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20
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Abstract
In this study, the mitochondrial genome of Mileewa margheritae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Mileewinae) was sequenced and annotated. The mitogenome of M. margheritae is 15376 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a control region. The A + T content in the mitogenome was 79%. Most of PCGs started with ATN and stopped with TAA while ATP8 and ND5 started with TTG, COX2, ND1 stopped with incomplete T, Cytb stopped with TAG. We further constructed a Bayesian phylogenetic tree among M. margheritae, M. albovittata and other Cicadellidae species. The constructed phylogenetic tree suggests the close evolutionary relationship between M. margheritae and M. albovittata.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli He
- College of Agricultural Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Maofa Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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21
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He H, Yang M. Characterization and phylogenetic analysis of the mitochondrial genome of Mileewa ponta (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Mileewinae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:2976-2977. [PMID: 33458022 PMCID: PMC7782179 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1795739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The mitogenome of one Mileewinae species Mileewa ponta was sequenced and annotated according to close Cicadellidae species in this study. Annotation shows the mitogenome of M. ponta is 15999 bp in length, containing 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, and a control region. The A + T content in the mitogenome was 79.9%. Besides, we further constructed a Bayesian Inference phylogenetic tree among M. ponta, M. albovittata, M. margheritae and other Cicadellidae species. Each subfamily species clustered together, and M. ponta clustered with M. albovittata, M. margheritae. This mitogenome will contribute to the further systematics and evolution study of subfamily Mileewinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli He
- College of Agricultural Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Maofa Yang
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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22
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Abstract
In this study, we firstly reported the complete mitochondrial genome of Populicerus confuses. The complete mitochondrial genome was 16,395 bp in length which overall base composition was 41.43% A, 36.30% T, 11.54% C, and 10.73% G. It consisted of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNA genes, 2 rRNA genes (12S and 16S rRNA), and a control region (D-loop region). The complete mitochondrial genomes of P. confuses and other 9 species were used for phylogenetic analysis using the Bayesian method. The resulting phylogenetic tree confirms that the Populicerus populi is most closely related to P. confuses. The mitogenome provided the valuable evidence on phylogenetic relationship of the Idiocerinae at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang-Chen-Yu Shan
- College of Life Sciences & Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Hai-Rong Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Hohhot, Hohhot, China
| | - Xiao-Chen Di
- College of Life Sciences & Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Li-Li Tian
- College of Life Sciences & Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences & Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, China
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23
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Xu XL, Yan B, Yu XF, Yang MF. The complete mitochondrial genome of Bothrogonia qiongana (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) with phylogenetic analyses. Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:2750-2751. [PMID: 33457934 PMCID: PMC7781934 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1788437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The species of Bothrogonia qiongana was reported by Yang and Li in 1980. The mitogenome is 15,788 bp in length, including 37 genes and a control region, with an overall A + T content of 76.9%. Most of the PCGs start with ATN (ATA, ATC, ATT, ATG), but ND5 starts with TTG. All PCGs used TAA or TAG as stop codon except COX2 which is using incomplete single T––. The phylogenetic tree was reconstructed based on B. qiongana and 24 reference species, which is consistent with traditional taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Xu
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Bin Yan
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xiao-Fei Yu
- College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Key Laboratory of Tobacco Quality Research, Guiyang, Guizhou, China
| | - Mao-Fa Yang
- College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of the Mountainous Region, Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China.,College of Tobacco Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Di XC, Dong HR, Shan LCY, Tian LL, Zhang B. The complete mitochondrial genome of Metidiocerus sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2020; 5:2752-2753. [PMID: 33457935 PMCID: PMC7782672 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2020.1788438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The species Metidiocerus sp. belonging to the subfamily Idiocerinae (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). Here, we sequenced and annotated the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Metidiocerus sp. This mitogenome was 15,079 bp long and encoded 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs), and 2 ribosomal RNA unit genes (rRNAs), and one non-coding region. The nucleotide composition biases toward A and T, which together made up 77.4% of the entirety. All 13 PCGs were initiated by the ATN (ATG, ATT, ATA, and ATC) codon. All PCGs terminate with the stop codons TAA except for COX2, ND4, and ND1 ended with single T. A phylogenetic tree generated by the Bayesian method showed that Metidiocerus sp. is closely related to Idiocerus salicis and Idiocerus herrichii which enriched the mitochondrial genome data of Idiocerinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Chen Di
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Hai-Rong Dong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Hospital of Hohhot, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Liang-Chen-Yu Shan
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Li-Li Tian
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, P. R. China
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Life Sciences and Technology, Inner Mongolia Normal University, Hohhot, P. R. China
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Stillson PT, Szendrei Z. Identifying Leafhopper Targets for Controlling Aster Yellows in Carrots and Celery. Insects 2020; 11:E411. [PMID: 32630777 PMCID: PMC7412092 DOI: 10.3390/insects11070411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Aster yellows phytoplasma (Candidatus Phytoplasma asteris) is a multi-host plant pathogen and is transmitted by at least 24 leafhopper species. Pathogen management is complex and requires a thorough understanding of vector dynamics. In the American Midwest, aster yellows is of great concern for vegetable farmers who focus on controlling one vector, Macrosteles quadrilineatus-the aster leafhopper. However, vegetable-associated leafhopper communities can be diverse. To investigate whether additional species are important aster yellows vectors, we surveyed leafhopper communities at commercial celery and carrot farms in Michigan from 2018 to 2019 and conducted real-time PCR to determine infection status. Leafhoppers were collected within crop fields and field edges and identified with DNA barcoding. Overall, we collected 5049 leafhoppers, with the most abundant species being M. quadrilineatus (57%) and Empoasca fabae-the potato leafhopper (23%). Our results revealed the most abundant aster yellows vector in Michigan in both crops is M. quadrilineatus, but we also found that E. fabae may be a potential vector for this pathogen. While several taxa reside in and near these crops, we did not find strong evidence that they contribute to phytoplasma infection. These findings indicate that M. quadrilineatus should be the primary target for controlling this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zsofia Szendrei
- Department of Entomology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48823, USA;
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Hanchipura Mallesh MS, Asokan R, Gadad H, Duleep Kumar S, Kumar R, Prakash T. DNA barcoding and phylogenetic analysis of leafhoppers associated with Aster Yellow disease on China aster, Marigold and Chrysanthemum. Mitochondrial DNA A DNA Mapp Seq Anal 2020; 31:64-72. [PMID: 32148145 DOI: 10.1080/24701394.2020.1735378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The Cicadellidae (Auchenorrhyncha: Hemiptera) are important agricultural, horticultural and ornamental pests. But it is very difficult to define nymphs and female adults using morphological characteristics. This research was aimed at understanding the variety of leafhoppers species and defining the prospective cause of the aster-yellow disease in China Aster, Marigold and Chrysanthemum. Two surveys were conducted in and around Pune, Maharashtra and Bengaluru, Karnataka between November 2016 and February 2017. The mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (mtCOI) region marker was used in the species diagnosis and genetic diversity research. Through the use of mtCOI molecular marker eight different leafhoppers species were identified as Sogatella furcifera, Homalodisca insolita, Amrasca biguttula, Balclutha incise and Balclutha abdominalis and Japanagallia trifurcate. Whereas at genus level identified as Toya, Empoasca, Perkinsiella, Hishimonus, Tambocerus, Phaconeura, Curena, Psammotettix and Graphocophala species. These results are strongly corroborated with morphological identification. On the basis of multiple sequence alignment of the mtCOI gene, a species phylogenetic tree with the highest likelihood was drawn. All the leafhopper species clustered together in accordance with the species data collected from the database of the different geographic regions from the NCBI GenBank and Barcode of Life (BOLD). Such results suggest that it is important to use both molecular and morphological methods to ensure accurate identification of organisms. To conclude, this research contributes valuable knowledge to molecular biology and recognizes leafhopper species that serve as major phytoplasma vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ramasamy Asokan
- Bio-Pesticide Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, ICAR Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, India
| | - Hanamant Gadad
- Bio-Pesticide Laboratory, Division of Biotechnology, ICAR Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, India
| | - Samuel Duleep Kumar
- Division of Plant Pathology, ICAR Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, India
| | - Rajiv Kumar
- Division of Floriculture and Medicinal Plants, ICAR Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, India
| | - Tejaswini Prakash
- Division of Floriculture and Medicinal Plants, ICAR Indian Institute of Horticultural Research (IIHR), Bangalore, India
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27
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Wang J, Wu Y, Dai R, Yang M. Comparative mitogenomes of six species in the subfamily Iassinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and phylogenetic analysis. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:1294-1303. [PMID: 32004599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
For elucidating phylogenetic relationships among members of the family Cicadellidae, mitogenomes of six members of the subfamily Iassinae, including Batracomorphus lateprocessus, Iassus dorsalis, Krisna concava, Krisna rufimarginata, Gessius rufidorsus, and Trocnadella arisana, were sequenced. The mitogenomes are 14,724-15,356-bp long. Moreover, typical 37 genes in mitogenomes were identified; arrangement of these genes in the studied species was consistent with that in the inferred ancestral insects, except for tRNA genes, with a simple switch between the positions of trnI and trnQ in Trocnadella arisana. Most protein-coding genes in the Iassinae mitogenomes showed typical ATN start codons (ATA/ATT/ATC/ATG) and TAR (TAA/TAG) or an incomplete stop codon T--; ATP8 of all sequenced species showed the start codon TTG. The secondary structures of 16S rRNA and 12S rRNA were predicted. 16S rRNA comprised 6 domains with 43 helices, and 12S rRNA comprised 3 domains with 25 helices. All subfamilies, except Cicadellinae and Evacanthinae, were recovered as monophyletic. As reported previously, treehoppers originated from paraphyletic Cicadellidae. Iassinae and Coelidiinae, Megophthalminae and treehoppers, and Cicadellinae and Evacanthinae were sister groups with high nodal support.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Yunfei Wu
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
| | - Renhuai Dai
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China.
| | - Maofa Yang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Guiyang, Guizhou 550025, People's Republic of China
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28
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Wang XY, Wang JJ, Fan ZH, Dai RH. Complete mitogenome of Olidiana ritcheriina (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) and phylogeny of Cicadellidae. PeerJ 2019; 7:e8072. [PMID: 31788356 PMCID: PMC6883956 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Coelidiinae, a relatively large subfamily within the family Cicadellidae, includes 129 genera and ∼1,300 species distributed worldwide. However, the mitogenomes of only two species (Olidiana sp. and Taharana fasciana) in the subfamily Coelidiinae have been assembled. Here, we report the first complete mitogenome assembly of the genus Olidiana. METHODS Specimens were collected from Wenxian County (Gansu Province, China) and identified on the basis of their morphology. Mitogenomes were sequenced by next-generation sequencing, following which an NGS template was generated, and this was confirmed using polymerase chain reaction and Sanger sequencing. Phylogenic trees were constructed using maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. RESULTS The mitogenome of O. ritcheriina was 15,166 bp long, with an A + T content of 78.0%. Compared with the mitogenome of other Cicadellidae sp., the gene order, gene content, gene size, base composition, and codon usage of protein-coding genes (PCGs) in O. ritcheriina were highly conserved. The standard start codon of all PCGs was ATN and stop codon was TAA or TAG; COII, COIII, and ND4L ended with a single T. All tRNA genes showed the typical cloverleaf secondary structure, except for trnSer, which did not have the dihydrouridine arm. Furthermore, the secondary structures of rRNAs (rrnL and rrnS) in O. ritcheriina were predicted. Overall, five domains and 42 helices were predicted for rrnL (domain III is absent in arthropods), and three structural domains and 27 helices were predicted for rrnS. Maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses indicated that O. ritcheriina and other Coelidiinae members were clustered into a clade, indicating the relationships among their subfamilies; the main topology was as follows: (Deltocephalinae + ((Coelidiinae + Iassinae) + ((Typhlocybinae + Cicadellinae) + (Idiocerinae + (Treehopper + Megophthalminae))))). The phylogenetic relationships indicated that the molecular taxonomy of O. ritcheriina is consistent with the current morphological classification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian-Yi Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou, Guiyang, China
| | - Jia-Jia Wang
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou, Guiyang, China
| | - Zhi-Hua Fan
- Jingtanggang Customs House, Tangshan, Hebei, Tangshan, China
| | - Ren-Huai Dai
- Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management of Mountainous Region, Guizhou, Guiyang, China
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Niranjana GN, Meshram NM, Shashank PR, Stuti, Hashmi TR. Tribe reassessment of the subhimalayan leafhopper genus Pseudosubhimalus (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) based on molecular phylogeny. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7162. [PMID: 31523491 PMCID: PMC6717496 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The phylogeny of the Pseudosubhimalus were investigated using of two different data sets, including 91 taxa and 3853 aligned nucleotide positions from the histone H3, 28S rDNA (D2 & D9-10 region). The results suggest the placement of genus in the tribe Ciacadulini, as it was clustered with Cicadulini genera. Relationships between genera of the Cicadulini were strongly supported and leads placement to tribe Cicadulini from Athysanini. Along with this, genus Pseudosubhimalus Ghauri is revised, and P. trilobatus sp. nov. (Himachal Pradesh: Katrain) is added, described from Indian subcontinent and deposited to National Pusa Collection, IARI, New Delhi, with repository number RRS1.
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Affiliation(s)
- GN Niranjana
- Division of Entomology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Naresh M. Meshram
- Division of Entomology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Pathour R. Shashank
- Division of Entomology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Stuti
- Division of Entomology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tahseen Raza Hashmi
- Division of Entomology, Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, Delhi, India
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Duso C, Moret R, Manera A, Berto D, Fornasiero D, Marchegiani G, Pozzebon A. Investigations on the Grape Leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata in North-Eastern Italy. Insects 2019; 10:insects10020044. [PMID: 30717293 PMCID: PMC6410144 DOI: 10.3390/insects10020044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The leafhopper Erasmoneura vulnerata (Fitch) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is native of Northern and Central America where it occurs on wild and cultivated grapes as well as on a number of secondary hosts. This species was recorded for the first time in Europe (Italy, Veneto region) in 2004. Since then it has spread over Northern Italy and Slovenia. Studies on the biology of E. vulnerata in America are limited and thus its phenology was investigated on Vitis labrusca L. and Vitis vinifera L. plants under field and semi-field conditions. These observations suggest that E. vulnerata can complete 2–3 generations per year. The development of E. vulnerata from first instar nymphs to adults was studied under controlled conditions (about 23 °C). Developmental times lasted from 16.1 days in July–August to 19.5 days in September, and this variability was probably due to grape cultivar and plant susceptibility. Data were consistent with the number of generations previously reported. Erasmoneura vulnerata was more abundant on vines close to overwintering sites than on those located 100–250 m from these sites and contiguous to commercial vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Duso
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy.
| | - Renzo Moret
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Manera
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy.
| | - Dario Berto
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy.
| | - Diego Fornasiero
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy.
| | - Gaia Marchegiani
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy.
| | - Alberto Pozzebon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural resources, Animals and Environment, University of Padova, Viale dell'Università 16, Agripolis, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy.
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Servín-Villegas R, Caamal-Chan MG, Chavez-Medina A, Loera-Muro A, Barraza A, Medina-Hernández D, Holguín-Peña RJ. Identification of a 'Candidatus Phytoplasma hispanicum'-related strain, associated with yellows-type diseases, in smoke-tree sharpshooter (Homalodisca liturata Ball). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 68:2093-2101. [PMID: 29638211 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.002745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The 16SrXIII group from phytoplasma bacteria were identified in salivary glands from Homalodisca liturata, which were collected in El Comitán on the Baja California peninsula in Mexico. We were able to positively identify 15 16S rRNA gene sequences with the corresponding signature sequence of 'CandidatusPhytoplasma' (CAAGAYBATKATGTKTAGCYGGDCT) and in silico restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) profiles (F value estimations) coupled with a phylogenetic analysis to confirm their relatedness to 'CandidatusPhytoplasma hispanicum', which in turn belongs to the 16SrXIII group. A restriction analysis was carried out with AluI and EcoRI to confirm that the five sequences belongs to subgroup D. The rest of the sequences did not exhibit any known RFLP profile related to a subgroup reported in the 16SrXIII group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalía Servín-Villegas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Maria Goretty Caamal-Chan
- CONACYT-CIBNOR. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Alicia Chavez-Medina
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Integral Regional, Unidad Sinaloa, Bulevar Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, Colonia San Joachin, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - Abraham Loera-Muro
- CONACYT-CIBNOR. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Aarón Barraza
- CONACYT-CIBNOR. Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Diana Medina-Hernández
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - Ramón Jaime Holguín-Peña
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste. Instituto Politécnico Nacional 195, Colonia Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
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Sisterson MS, Krugner R, Wallis CM, Stenger DC. Effects of Energy Reserves and Diet on Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter Egg Maturation. J Econ Entomol 2018; 111:159-169. [PMID: 29267936 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tox314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The glassy-winged sharpshooter is an invasive insect capable of transmitting the plant pathogen Xylella fastidiosa. As rates of pathogen spread are a function of vector abundance, identification of factors contributing to glassy-winged sharpshooter egg production will aid in predicting population growth. Here, effects of stored energy reserves and adult diet on glassy-winged sharpshooter egg maturation were evaluated. To estimate energy reserves available to adult females at the beginning of feeding assays, residuals from a regression of wet weight on size were used. Analysis of a subset of females sacrificed at the beginning of feeding assays, demonstrated that females with a positive residual wet weight had higher lipid content and carried more eggs than females with a negative residual wet weight. To evaluate effects of diet and energy reserves on egg maturation, energy reserves available to females entering feeding assays on cowpea and grapevine were estimated. For females held on cowpea, residual wet weight and quantity of excreta produced over a 6-d feeding period affected egg production. In contrast, for females held on grapevine, only residual wet weight affected egg production. Comparison of cowpea and grapevine xylem sap determined that eight amino acids were more concentrated in xylem sap from cowpea than from grapevine. Collectively, the results suggest that glassy-winged sharpshooter population growth within crop monocultures will not depend solely on the nutritional quality of the specific crop for producing mature eggs but also on the quantity of energy reserves accumulated by females prior to entering that crop habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rodrigo Krugner
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, CA
| | - Christopher M Wallis
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, CA
| | - Drake C Stenger
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, CA
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Arias-Martín M, García M, Castañera P, Ortego F, Farinós GP. Farm-scale evaluation of the impact of Cry1Ab Bt maize on canopy nontarget arthropods: a 3-year study. Insect Sci 2018; 25:87-98. [PMID: 27513964 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The cultivation of Cry1Ab-expressing genetically modified MON810 (Bt maize) has led to public concern in Europe, regarding its impact on nontarget arthropods (NTAs). We have assessed the potential effects of DKC 6451 YG (MON810) maize on canopy NTAs in a farm-scale study performed in Central Spain during 3 years. The study focused on hemipteran herbivores (leafhoppers and planthoppers) and hymenopteran parasitic wasps (mymarids) collected by yellow sticky traps, which accounted for 72% of the total number of insects studied. The dynamics and abundance of these groups varied among years, but no significant differences were found between Bt and non-Bt maize, indicating that Bt maize had no negative effect on these taxa. Nonetheless, the Cry1Ab toxin was detected in 2 different arthropods collected from Bt maize foliage, the cicadellids Zyginidia scutellaris and Empoasca spp. A retrospective power analysis on the arthropod abundance data for our field trials has determined that Z. scutellaris and the family Mymaridae have high capacity to detect differences between the Bt maize and its isogenic counterpart. The use of these canopy NTAs as surrogates for assessing environmental impacts of Bt maize is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Arias-Martín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Grupo de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Matías García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Grupo de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pedro Castañera
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Grupo de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Félix Ortego
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Grupo de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gema P Farinós
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas, CSIC, Departamento de Biología Medioambiental, Grupo de Interacción Planta-Insecto, Ramiro de Maeztu 9, 28040, Madrid, Spain
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Stasek DJ, Radl JN, Crist TO. The Effects of Dispersal and Predator Density on Prey Survival in an Insect-Red Clover Metacommunity. J Insect Sci 2018; 18:4781595. [PMID: 29301047 PMCID: PMC5751075 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iex100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Trophic interactions are often studied within habitat patches, but among-patch dispersal of individuals may influence local patch dynamics. Metacommunity concepts incorporate the effects of dispersal on local and community dynamics. There are few experimental tests of metacommunity theory using insects compared to those conducted in microbial microcosms. Using connected experimental mesocosms, we varied the density of the leafhopper Agallia constricta Van Duzee (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) and a generalist insect predator, the damsel bug (Nabis spp., Heteroptera: Nabidae), to determine the effects of conspecific and predator density and varying the time available to dispersal among mesocosms on predation rates, dispersal rates, and leafhopper survival. Conspecific and damsel bug density did not affect dispersal rates in leafhoppers, but this may be due to leafhoppers' aversion to leaving the host plants or the connecting tubes between mesocosms hindering leafhopper movement. Leafhopper dispersal was higher in high-dispersal treatments. Survival rates of A. constricta were also lowest in treatments where dispersal was not limited. This is one of the first experimental studies to vary predator density and the time available to dispersal. Our results indicate that dispersal is the key to understanding short-term processes such as prey survival in predator-prey metacommunities. Further work is needed to determine how dispersal rates influence persistence of communities in multigenerational studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Stasek
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH
- Department of Natural Sciences, College of Coastal Georgia, Brunswick, GA
| | - James N Radl
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH
- Department of Entomology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
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Renhuai D, Jiajia W, Maofa Y. The complete mitochondrial genome of the leafhopper Idioscopus clypealis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae: Idiocerinae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2017; 3:32-33. [PMID: 33490484 PMCID: PMC7800259 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2017.1419083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have sequenced the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the leafhopper Idioscopus clypealis in Idiocerinae, the mitochondrial genome sequences to be 15,393 bp with an A + T content of 78.3%. The mitogenome includes 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA (tRNA) genes, and one non-coding [A + T]-rich region. These genes are in the same order as in the Idioscopus nitidulus. All protein-coding genes have ATN as the start codon, TAA and single T as the stop codon. The phylogenetic tree confirms that I. clypealis and I. nitidulus are clustered into a clade, and provides the relationships between the Megophthalminae, Deltocephalinae, Idiocerinae, Cicadellinae, and Typhloeybinae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai Renhuai
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Wang Jiajia
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
| | - Yang Maofa
- Institute of Entomology, The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region, Guizhou University, Guiyang, P.R. China
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Chuche J, Backus EA, Thiéry D, Sauvion N. First finding of a dual-meaning X wave for phloem and xylem fluid ingestion: Characterization of Scaphoideus titanus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) EPG waveforms. J Insect Physiol 2017; 102:50-61. [PMID: 28130146 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 01/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cicadellidae), an invasive deltocephaline species introduced into Europe from North America, is the vector of the most important phytoplasma disease in European viticulture, flavescence dorée. In this first electropenetrography (EPG) study of S. titanus, we characterized its feeding waveforms and defined their biological meanings. Four typical waveform phases (pathway, X wave, sustained ingestion, and interruption) and four families within those phases (A, B, C, and N) were characterized using DC EPG technology. We proposed biological meanings for these waveforms based on excreta pH-ingestion correlations, presence of X waves, and comparison with previous AC, DC, and AC-DC EPG waveforms conducted on Cicadomorpha. We observed that sustained (i.e., >10min) ingestion by a deltocephaline leafhopper can occur from both xylem and phloem vascular cells. Waveform C2x represented ingestion of xylem fluid, and two waveforms represented behaviors when stylets were inserted into phloem sieve elements: C2p variant 1 (C2p-1), which may represent salivation (perhaps simultaneous with ingestion), and C2p variant 2 (C2p-2), which represented active ingestion. Furthermore, we found that the EPG-recorded X wave has a dual meaning by occurring prior to sustained ingestion from either phloem or xylem. This X wave was very similar in appearance to the model X wave of sharpshooters, an entirely different leafhopper subfamily, Cicadellinae. All cicadellines are obligate xylem-ingesters. Such a "dual-meaning X wave" will provide insights into how the feeding tactics of S. titanus relate to other sheath-feeding hemipterans, and will provide support for future research to clarify the role of this leafhopper as a vector of plant pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Chuche
- INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France; Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Elaine A Backus
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier, CA 93648-9757, USA.
| | - Denis Thiéry
- INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, F-33883 Villenave d'Ornon, France.
| | - Nicolas Sauvion
- INRA, UMR 0385 Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plantes-Parasites, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
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37
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Chuche J, Sauvion N, Thiéry D. Mixed xylem and phloem sap ingestion in sheath-feeders as normal dietary behavior: Evidence from the leafhopper Scaphoideus titanus. J Insect Physiol 2017; 102:62-72. [PMID: 28126373 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2017.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Revised: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
In phytophagous piercing-sucking insects, salivary sheath-feeding species are often described as xylem- or phloem-sap feeding specialists. Because these two food sources have very different characteristics, two feeding tactics are often associated with this supposed specialization. Studying the feeding behavior of insects provides substantial information on their biology, ecology, and evolution. Furthermore, study of feeding behavior is of primary importance to elucidate the transmission ability of insects that act as vectors of plant pathogens. In this study, we compared the durations of ingestion performed in xylem versus phloem by a leafhopper species, Scaphoideus titanus Ball, 1932. This was done by characterizing and statistically analyzing electrical signals recorded using the electropenetrography technique, derived from the feeding behaviors of males and females. We identified three groups of S. titanus based on their feeding behavior: 1) a group that reached the phloem quickly and probed for a longer time in phloem tissue than the other groups, 2) a group that reached the xylem quickly and probed for a longer time in xylem tissue than the other groups, and 3) a group where individuals did not ingest much sap. In addition, the numbers and durations of waveforms representing ingestion of xylem and phloem saps differed significantly depending on the sex of the leafhopper, indicating that the two sexes exhibit different feeding behaviors. Males had longer phloem ingestion events than did females, which indicates that males are greater phloem feeders than females. These differences are discussed, specifically in relation to hypotheses about evolution of sap feeding and phytoplasma transmission from plant to plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Chuche
- INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France; Department of Biology, Maynooth University, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
| | - Nicolas Sauvion
- INRA, UMR 0385 Biologie et Génétique des Interactions Plantes-Parasites, Campus International de Baillarguet, Montpellier, France.
| | - Denis Thiéry
- INRA, UMR 1065 Santé et Agroécologie du Vignoble, Bordeaux Sciences Agro, ISVV, 33882 Villenave d'Ornon Cedex, France.
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Szklarzewicz T, Grzywacz B, Szwedo J, Michalik A. Bacterial symbionts of the leafhopper Evacanthus interruptus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Insecta, Hemiptera, Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae). Protoplasma 2016; 253:379-91. [PMID: 25900723 PMCID: PMC4783452 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-015-0817-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Plant sap-feeding hemipterans harbor obligate symbiotic microorganisms which are responsible for the synthesis of amino acids missing in their diet. In this study, we characterized the obligate symbionts hosted in the body of the xylem-feeding leafhopper Evacanthus interruptus (Cicadellidae: Evacanthinae: Evacanthini) by means of histological, ultrastructural and molecular methods. We observed that E. interruptus is associated with two types of symbiotic microorganisms: bacterium 'Candidatus Sulcia muelleri' (Bacteroidetes) and betaproteobacterium that is closely related to symbionts which reside in two other Cicadellidae representatives: Pagaronia tredecimpunctata (Evacanthinae: Pagaronini) and Hylaius oregonensis (Bathysmatophorinae: Bathysmatophorini). Both symbionts are harbored in their own bacteriocytes which are localized between the body wall and ovaries. In E. interruptus, both Sulcia and betaproteobacterial symbionts are transovarially transmitted from one generation to the next. In the mature female, symbionts leave the bacteriocytes and gather around the posterior pole of the terminal oocytes. Then, they gradually pass through the cytoplasm of follicular cells surrounding the posterior pole of the oocyte and enter the space between them and the oocyte. The bacteria accumulate in the deep depression of the oolemma and form a characteristic 'symbiont ball'. In the light of the results obtained, the phylogenetic relationships within modern Cicadomorpha and some Cicadellidae subfamilies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Szklarzewicz
- Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Beata Grzywacz
- Institute of Systematics and Evolution of Animals, Polish Academy of Sciences, Sławkowska 17, 31-016, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Jacek Szwedo
- Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Parasitology, Faculty of Biology, University of Gdańsk, Wita Stwosza 59, 80-308, Gdańsk, Poland.
| | - Anna Michalik
- Department of Developmental Biology and Morphology of Invertebrates, Institute of Zoology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 9, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
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Toledo A, López S, Aulicino M, de Remes-Lenicov AM, Balatti P. Antagonism of entomopathogenic fungi by Bacillus spp. associated with the integument of cicadellids and delphacids. Int Microbiol 2016; 18:91-7. [PMID: 26496616 DOI: 10.2436/20.1501.01.238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Entomopathogenic fungi are potential tools to biocontrol cicadellids and delphacids, two groups of insects that cause extensive damage to agricultural crops. However, bacteria living on the host cuticle may inhibit fungal growth. In the present work, following the molecular characterization of 10 strains of Bacillus isolated from the integument of cicadellids and delphacids, we selected isolates of the fungi Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium anisopliae that are resistant to the antimicrobials secreted by these bacterial strains. The antagonistic activity of the 10 bacterial isolates belonging to the genus Bacillus (i.e., B. amyloliquefaciens, B. pumilus, and B. subtilis) against 41 isolates of Bea. bassiana and 20 isolates of M. anisopliae was investigated in vitro on tryptic soy agar using the central disk test. With this approach, isolates of Bea. bassiana and M. anisopliae resistant to antagonistic bacteria were identified that can be further developed as biological control agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Toledo
- Plant Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Silvina López
- Institute of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, National University of La Plata- CONICET, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mónica Aulicino
- Institute of Phytotechnology Santa Catalina, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, National University of La Plata, Lavallol, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana María de Remes-Lenicov
- Entomology Division, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Museum, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Pedro Balatti
- Plant Pathology Research Center, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Forestry, National University of La Plata, La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of Tambocerus sp. (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from Zhejiang and Anhui provinces of China was sequenced. The total length of the mitogenome is 15 955 bp (GenBank accession no. KT827824) and consists of 22 transfer RNAs, 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNAs and 1 control region. The base composition of the heavy strand for A, T, C, and G is 41.39, 35.02, 14.00, and 9.59%, respectively. All of the protein-coding genes (PCGs) start with ATN. Five protein-coding genes use TAA as stop codons, four use TAG as stop codons, and others use incomplete stop codons ''T--'' or ''TA-''. The control region has a length of 1581 bp which is between rrnS and trnI genes with the AT content high to 85.96%. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that Tambocerus sp. was clustered in a closely related subgroup with Homalodisca vitripennis and Empoasca vitis. This is consistent with the result of the traditional taxonomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Yu
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China and
| | - Mengxin Wang
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China and
| | - Lin Cui
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China and
| | - Xuexin Chen
- b Institute of Insect Sciences, Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China
| | - Baoyu Han
- a Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection & Quarantine, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University , Hangzhou , P. R. China and
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Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Drabescoides nuchalis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) was sequenced. It is 15 309 bp in length with 75.62% (A + T) content and comprises 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, two ribosomal RNA genes, and a non-coding region (GenBank accession no. KR349344). Gene order is identical to that of the inferred ancestral insect genome. All PCGs start with an ATN codon and terminate with TAA except ND4, which has an incomplete stop codon (T). The anticodons are identical to those of Drosophila yakuba. The phylogenetic tree confirms D. nuchalis and two Cicadellidae species are clustered into a clade, and Cicadellidae is a monophyletic group and provides support for the sister relationship of leafhopper and treehopper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Wu
- a Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region , Guizhou , PR China
| | - Renhuai Dai
- a Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region , Guizhou , PR China
| | - Hongping Zhan
- a Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region , Guizhou , PR China
| | - Ling Qu
- a Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University; The Provincial Key Laboratory for Agricultural Pest Management Mountainous Region , Guizhou , PR China
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42
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Sisterson MS, Wallis CM, Stenger DC. Effects of Glassy-Winged Sharpshooter (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Feeding, Size, and Lipid Content on Egg Maturation. J Econ Entomol 2015; 108:1014-1024. [PMID: 26470224 DOI: 10.1093/jee/tov049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The glassy-winged sharpshooter (Homalodisca vitripennis) is synovigenic and must feed as an adult to produce eggs. Egg maturation rates depend on the host plant species provided to the adult female for feeding and are variable for females provided with the same host plant species. Here, the contribution of female size and lipid content to variation in egg maturation rates among females held on the same host plant species was assessed. To assess effects of female size and lipid content on egg maturation, feeding assays followed by measurements of egg load, female size, and lipid content were conducted. To accomplish this, females were field collected and held on cowpea until producing approximately 0, 12, 25, or 50 ml of excreta. After reaching prescribed excreta thresholds, females were dissected to determine egg load, hind tibia length, and head capsule width. Mature eggs were removed from the abdomen and dry weight of eggs and bodies (head, thorax, and abdomen) were obtained. Lipid content of eggs and bodies were determined using a quantitative colorimetric assay. Rates of body weight gain and body lipid gain were rapid with low levels of feeding (12 ml of excreta) but decelerated with additional feeding (>12 ml of excreta). In contrast, low levels of feeding (12 ml of excreta) resulted in little egg production, with rates of egg production accelerating with additional feeding (>12 ml of excreta). Accordingly, egg production was preceded by an increase in body dry weight and body lipid content. In agreement, probability that a female carried eggs increased with body lipid content in the 0-, 12-, and 25-ml feeding treatments. Across treatments, larger females carried more eggs than smaller females. Collectively, results suggest that variation in glassy-winged sharpshooter egg maturation rates partially may be explained by availability of lipid reserves at the start of a feeding bout and female size.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark S Sisterson
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier CA 93648-9757.Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer.
| | - Christopher M Wallis
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier CA 93648-9757.Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer
| | - Drake C Stenger
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 South Riverbend Avenue, Parlier CA 93648-9757.Mention of trade names or commercial products in this publication is solely for the purpose of providing specific information and does not imply recommendation or endorsement by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer
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Abdollahi T, Jalalizand AR, Mozaffarian F, Wilson M. A faunistic study on the leafhoppers of northwestern Iran (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae). Zookeys 2015:27-51. [PMID: 25931954 PMCID: PMC4410155 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.496.9059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The leafhopper fauna of northwestern Iran: Azarbaijan-e-Sharghi, Azarbaijan-e-Gharbi and Ardabil provinces is listed from previously published records and from our current work. Sixty-nine species are included with four species (Mogangellastraminea Dlabola, 1957, Doraturastylata (Boheman, 1847), Macrostelessordidipennis (Stål, 1858) and Psammotettixseriphidii Emeljanov, 1962) listed as new for Iran and Balcluthapunctata (Fabricius, 1775), as a new record for the region. A distribution map of the species in northwestern Iran is given.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tandis Abdollahi
- Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Ali Reza Jalalizand
- Department of Plant protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Fariba Mozaffarian
- Insect Taxonomy Research Department, Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection, Tehran, 19395, P.O. Box 1454, Iran
| | - Michael Wilson
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Wales, Cardiff, U.K
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Saguez J, Olivier C, Hamilton A, Lowery T, Stobbs L, Lasnier J, Galka B, Chen X, Mauffette Y, Vincent C. Diversity and abundance of leafhoppers in Canadian vineyards. J Insect Sci 2014; 14:73. [PMID: 25373220 PMCID: PMC4207526 DOI: 10.1093/jis/14.1.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) are pests of many temperate crops, including grapevines (Vitis species). Uncontrolled populations can induce direct and indirect damage to crops due to feeding that results in significant yield losses and increased mortality in infected vineyards due to virus, bacteria, or phytoplasmas vectored by leafhoppers. The main objective of this work was to determine the diversity of leafhoppers found in vineyards of the three main Canadian production provinces, i.e., in British Columbia, Ontario, and Quebec. Approximately 18,000 specimens were collected in 80 commercial vineyards from 2006 to 2008. We identified 54 genera and at least 110 different species associated with vineyards, among which 22 were predominant and represented more than 91% of all the leafhoppers. Species richness and diversity were estimated by both Shannon's and Pielou's indices. For each province, results indicated a temporal variation in species composition. Color photographs provide a tool to quickly identify 72 leafhoppers commonly associated with vineyards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Saguez
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Horticulture Research and Development Centre, 430 Gouin Blvd., Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3B 3E6, Canada
| | - Chrystel Olivier
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Andrew Hamilton
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal and Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Avenue, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0C6, Canada
| | - Thomas Lowery
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Pacific Agri-Food Research Centre, 4200 Highway 97, Summerland, British Columbia, V0H 1Z0, Canada
| | - Lorne Stobbs
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, 4902 Victoria Avenue North, Vineland, Ontario, L0R 2E0, Canada
| | - Jacques Lasnier
- Co-Lab R & D, Division of AgCord Inc., 655 Delorme Street, Granby, Quebec, J2J 2H4, Canada
| | - Brian Galka
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada
| | - Xiangsheng Chen
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Saskatoon Research Centre, 107 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S7N 0X2, Canada Institute of Entomology, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou, 550025, P.R. China
| | - Yves Mauffette
- Université du Québec à Montréal, 141 President-Kennedy Blvd., Montreal, Quebec, H2X 3Y5, Canada
| | - Charles Vincent
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Horticulture Research and Development Centre, 430 Gouin Blvd., Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec, J3B 3E6, Canada
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Weintraub PG, Hoch H, Mühlethaler R, Zchori-Fein E. Synchrotron X-ray micro-computed tomography as a tool for in situ elucidation of insect bacteriomes. Arthropod Struct Dev 2014; 43:183-186. [PMID: 24291672 DOI: 10.1016/j.asd.2013.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Revised: 11/03/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Obligate bacterial endosymbionts are common, influential associates of arthropods, and are often found in specific organs termed bacteriomes. Three dimensional images of bacteriomes of the leafhopper Orosius albicinctus (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) were reconstructed from synchrotron-based X-ray micro-computed tomography (CT). Results show that bilateral bacteriomes are located between the first and second abdominal tergites, are mushroom-shaped and consist two different types of tissue. Fluorescence in situ hybridization reveals that the primary bacterial symbiont Sulcia muelleri is in the 'cap' part of the of organ. The technique allows a noninvasive, in situ, means of visualizing bacteriomes and will facilitate understanding their form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- P G Weintraub
- Agricultural Research Organization, Gilat Research Center, D.N. Negev 85280, Israel.
| | - H Hoch
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - R Mühlethaler
- Museum für Naturkunde, Leibniz Institute for Research on Evolution and Biodiversity at the Humboldt University Berlin, Invalidenstrasse 43, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Zchori-Fein
- Agricultural Research Organization, Newe Ya'ar Research Center, Ramat Yishay, Israel
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Kuznetsova VG, Golub NV, Aguin-Pombo D. Karyotypes, B-chromosomes and meiotic abnormalities in 13 populations of Alebra albostriella and A. wahlbergi (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Cicadellidae) from Greece. Comp Cytogenet 2013; 7:305-25. [PMID: 24455103 PMCID: PMC3890659 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v7i4.6411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2013] [Accepted: 10/30/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this work 13 populations of the leafhopper species Alebra albostriella (Fallén, 1826) (6 populations) and A. wahlbergi (Boheman, 1845) (7 populations) (Cicadellidae: Typhlocybinae) from Greece were studied cytogenetically. We examined chromosomal complements and meiosis in 41 males of A. albostriella sampled from Castanea sativa, Fagus sylvatica and Quercus cerris and in 21 males of A. wahlbergi sampled from C. sativa, Acer opalus and Ulmus sp. The species were shown to share 2n = 22 + X(0) and male meiosis of the chiasmate preductional type typical for Auchenorrhyncha. In all populations of A. albostriella and in all but two populations of A. wahlbergi B chromosomes and/or different meiotic abnormalities including the end-to-end non-homologous chromosomal associations, translocation chains, univalents, anaphasic laggards besides aberrant sperms were encountered. This study represents the first chromosomal record for the genus Alebra and one of the few population-cytogenetic studies in the Auchenorrhyncha.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Natalia V. Golub
- Department of Karyosystematics, Zoological Institute, Saint Petersburg, 199034, Russia
| | - Dora Aguin-Pombo
- University of Madeira, 9000-390 Funchal, Madeira, Portugal
- Centro de Investigaçao en Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos (CIBIO), Vairão, Portugal
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Thorpe SE. A record of Anzyginabilli Fletcher & Larivière, 2009 (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) from New Zealand. Biodivers Data J 2013:e954. [PMID: 24723758 PMCID: PMC3964693 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.1.e954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 08/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence in New Zealand of the typhlocybine cicadellid Anzyginabilli Fletcher & Larivière, 2009 is confirmed, based on new material from Auckland. Rubus sp. is confirmed as a host plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen E Thorpe
- School of Biological Sciences (Tamaki Campus), University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
Laboratory trials were carried out to transmit "Candidatus Phytoplasma mali" to healthy apple seedlings with the leafhopper Fieberiella florii. Experiments on serial inoculation access period and molecular analyses performed on test plants and insects confirmed the ability of the leaf-hopper to carry and transmit the phytoplasma. Field surveys by means of yellow sticky traps were conducted in northwestern Italy to verify the abundance and the natural infectivity of F. florii in apple orchards and in wild vegetation in areas surrounding apple orchards. Despite the high percentages of infected specimens obtained in the apple orchards (5.7%) and in the wild vegetation areas (20.0%), the risk of apple tree infection by F. florii in nature is probably low because of the very low insect density recorded. In spite of the low number of specimens collected, the presence of the leafhopper in apple orchards in summer, when the main vector, the psyllid Cacopsylla melanoneura, feeds on alternative hosts, is meaningful. Moreover, the high degree of polyphagy of the leafhopper opens up new interesting prospects for the epidemiology of apple proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosemarie Tedeschi
- Di.Va.P.R.A. - Entomologia e Zoologia applicate all' Ambiente "Carlo Vidano", Facoltà di Agraria, Università di Torino, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
| | - Alberto Alma
- Di.Va.P.R.A. - Entomologia e Zoologia applicate all' Ambiente "Carlo Vidano", Facoltà di Agraria, Università di Torino, via Leonardo da Vinci 44, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy
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