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Corazza M, Schenetti C, Schettini N, Pacetti L, Monti A, Borghi A. Occupational confetti-like phytophotodermatitis due to lime fruit: Report of two cases. Contact Dermatitis 2021; 86:226-227. [PMID: 34734649 DOI: 10.1111/cod.14003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Monica Corazza
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Cecilia Schenetti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Natale Schettini
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Lucrezia Pacetti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alberto Monti
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Borghi
- Department of Medical Sciences, Section of Dermatology, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
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Alessandrello C, Gammeri L, Sanfilippo S, Cordiano R, Brunetto S, Casciaro M, Gangemi S. A spotlight on lime: a review about adverse reactions and clinical manifestations due to Citrus aurantiifolia. Clin Mol Allergy 2021; 19:12. [PMID: 34303384 PMCID: PMC8310597 DOI: 10.1186/s12948-021-00152-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Lime (Citrus aurantiifolia) is a plant belonging to the family of Rutaceae and to the genus Citrus. The fruit is widely used in the United States, Mexico, Southeast Asia, Latin America, but is increasingly widespread all over the world. It is used as a fresh fruit, in the preparation of foods, sweets and drinks and its oils are used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industry. The main adverse reactions to lime seem to be represented by contact dermatitis, allergic and phototoxic type. In the context of allergic forms, several allergens have been identified in the citrus family, the main one being limonene, but no noteworthy cross-reactivity has been identified. However, a case of fruit protein contact dermatitis has been described, showing sensitization to other fruits, such as kiwi, avocado, pineapple and apple. There are several molecules responsible for phototoxic reactions and mainly belonging to the coumarin and furocoumarins families. Reactions related to ingesting the fruit or inhaling pollen from the tree appear to be rare, as there are no known cases reported in the literature. The increasing diffusion of lime in Europe must pay attention to possible adverse reactions due to contact with this fruit, which seem destined to increase in future years. Further importance must be placed on patch tests and on the possibility of using alternative extracts to classic fragrance mixes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Alessandrello
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Gammeri
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Serena Sanfilippo
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Raffaele Cordiano
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Silvia Brunetto
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
| | - Marco Casciaro
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy.
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- School and Operative Unit of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Policlinico "G. Martino", Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125, Messina, Italy
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