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Jiang SW, Qi X, Deng H, Gao Y, Yuan Y, Dang X, Xu B, Ma S, Xie T, Ye XY, Hui Z. Design, synthesis and anti-tumor efficacy evaluation of novel 1,3-diaryl propane-based polyphenols obtained from Claisen rearrangement reaction. Bioorg Chem 2023; 140:106753. [PMID: 37595397 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
Polyphenols such as resveratrol, honokiol and nordihydroguaiaretic acid are widely existing in nature products or synthetic compounds with interesting biological activities. Inspired by their structural feature, a total of 49 1,3-diaryl propane-based polyphenols were designed and synthesized through Claisen rearrangement reaction. New compounds were initially assessed for their anti-proliferative activities against various cancer cell lines (PC-3, U87MG, U251, HCT116) at a concentration of 50 μM, and the results guided the SAR of this series of compounds. Further screening of selected compounds against seven cancer cell lines (three additional colon cancer cell lines namely COLO205, HT29 and SW480 were chosen) led to the identification of two advanced leads 2t and 3t with IC50 values ranging from 8.2 ± 0.1 to 19.3 ± 1.9 μM. Both compounds also showed promising anti-proliferative activities against COLO205 in dose- and time-dependent manners. Furthermore, 2t and 3t exhibited good anti-tumor efficacy in COLO205 xenografted mice model with TGI values ranging from 38% to 58%. These results warrant the further investigation of this series of compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Wei Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiang Qi
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Haowen Deng
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200000, China
| | - Yinghui Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Xiawen Dang
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Shitang Ma
- College of Biological and Pharmaceutical Engineering, West Anhui University, Lu'an, Anhui, China
| | - Tian Xie
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Xiang-Yang Ye
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China.
| | - Zi Hui
- School of Pharmacy, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 311121, China; Key Laboratory of Elemene Class Anti-Cancer Chinese Medicine of Zhejiang Province, China; Engineering Laboratory of Development and Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine from Zhejiang Province, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicines from Zhejiang Province, China.
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2
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Uchida Y, Takikawa H, Kang B. A step-economical divergent approach to isoflavenes based on Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling of a 3-boryl-2H-chromene with aryl bromides: application to total synthesis of isoflavonoid natural products. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2023; 87:954-959. [PMID: 37291696 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbad076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We present a step-economical divergent synthetic approach for isoflavene derivatives using the Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling of a 3-boryl-2H-chromene and three aryl bromides. 3-Boryl-2H-chromene, which is not a well-explored species, was prepared via Miyaura-Ishiyama borylation of a 3-chloro-2H-chromene obtained through a Claisen rearrangement cyclization cascade reaction. Further conversion of the cross-coupling products, three isoflavene derivatives, afforded three isoflavonoid natural products with one or two additional reaction steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Uchida
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hirosato Takikawa
- Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bubwoong Kang
- Department of Applied Chemistry in Bioscience, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Kobe University, 1-1 Rokkodai, Nada, Kobe, Japan
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3
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Lepsøe MR, Dalevold AG, Gundersen LL. Selective C-7 Functionalization of Phenanthridines by Microwave-Assisted Claisen Rearrangements of 8-Allyloxyphenanthridines. ChemistryOpen 2023; 12:e202300095. [PMID: 37480187 PMCID: PMC10362114 DOI: 10.1002/open.202300095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Carbon-carbon bond formation in the phenanthridine 7-position was achieved by microwave-assisted Claisen rearrangement of 8-allyloxyphenanthridines. The reactions took place with excellent regioselectivity and high chemical yields. If the 7-position was substituted, rearrangement to C-9 took place, but the reaction occurred less readily. Rearrangements of 8-allyloxy-5,6-dihydrophenanthridines (phenanthridines with a saturated B-ring) gave a mixture of 7- and 9-substituted products. The experimental results were supported by DFT (density functional theory) calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lise-Lotte Gundersen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, P.O.Box 1033, Blindern, 0315, Oslo, Norway
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4
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Schumacher C, Fritz L, Hanek LM, Sidorin V, Brüx D, Bolm C. Reshuffle Bonds by Ball Milling: A Mechanochemical Protocol for Charge-Accelerated Aza- Claisen Rearrangements. Molecules 2023; 28. [PMID: 36677865 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28020807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/07/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study presents the development of a mechanochemical protocol for a charge-accelerated aza-Claisen rearrangement. The protocol waives the use of commonly applied transition metals, ligands, or pyrophoric Lewis acids, e.g., AlMe3. Based on (heterocyclic) tertiary allylamines and acyl chlorides, the desired tertiary amides were prepared in yields ranging from 17% to 84%. Moreover, the same protocol was applied for a Belluš-Claisen-type rearrangement resulting in the synthesis of a 9-membered lactam without further optimization.
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5
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Vepreva A, Yanovich A, Dar’in D, Kantin G, Bunev A, Krasavin M. A novel spirocyclic scaffold accessed via tandem Claisen rearrangement/intramolecular oxa-Michael addition. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1649-1655. [PMID: 36570564 PMCID: PMC9749547 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A straightforward access to novel spiro[benzofuran-2,3'-pyrrolidine]-2',5'-diones based on the Rh2(esp)2-catalyzed insertion of carbenes derived from diazo arylidene succinimides (DAS) into the O-H bond of phenols is described. The initial adducts underwent a thermally promoted Claisen rearrangement followed by DABCO-catalyzed intramolecular 5-exo-trig oxa-Michael addition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Vepreva
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Yanovich
- Academic Gymnasium of Saint Petersburg University, Saint Petersburg 199155, Russian Federation
| | - Dmitry Dar’in
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Grigory Kantin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation
| | - Alexander Bunev
- Medicinal Chemistry Center, Togliatti State University, Togliatti 445020, Russian Federation
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg 199034, Russian Federation,Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236016, Russian Federation
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6
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Kotha S, Solanke BU, Agarwala PK, Kapoor S. Design and synthesis of hetero-steroids via ring-closing metathesis: Biological studies towards in vitro anticancer activity. Steroids 2022; 188:109119. [PMID: 36202314 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2022.109119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report a synthetic approach to hetero-steroids and also studied their biological activities as anticancer agents. A novel class of oxacycles containing estrone moiety were synthesized in this report. Allyl ether derived from estrone underwent Claisen rearrangement (CR) and again O-allylation and subsequent ring-closure gave A-ring-furan and oxepine fused derivatives in high yields. We used double bond isomerization and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) as key steps to assemble hetero steroids containing a mixture of regio isomers like benzofurans and benzoxepine moieties. The novel benzofuran and benzoxepine-based hybrid steroid derivatives were subjected to in vitro cytotoxicity analysis and were found to exert cancer cell-specific activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India.
| | - Balaji U Solanke
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Prema Kumari Agarwala
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
| | - Shobhna Kapoor
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, Mumbai 400076, India
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7
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Prasad MVVV, Rao RHR, Veeranna V, Chennupalli VS, Sathish B. Novel Quinolone Derivatives: Synthesis and Antioxidant Activity. RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022; 91:2522-2526. [PMID: 35068916 PMCID: PMC8763360 DOI: 10.1134/s1070363221120239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Novel quinolone derivatives have been designed and readily synthesized according to a simple protocol including O-alkylation and Claisen rearrangement processes. Structures of the synthesized compounds have been confirmed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR, and mass spectra. The new products have been tested for their antioxidant activity, and two of those demonstrate high antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Vadde Veeranna
- Department of Chemistry, AMC Engineering College, Bangalore, 560083 Karnataka, India
| | | | - Byrappa Sathish
- Department of Chemistry, Apotex pharma India Pvt. Ltd. Bangalore, 560099 Karnataka, India
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8
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Okada H, Maeda S. A Dataset of Computational Reaction Barriers for the Claisen Rearrangement: Chemical and Numerical Analysis. Mol Inform 2021; 41:e2100216. [PMID: 34661976 DOI: 10.1002/minf.202100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical reaction screening based on Gibbs energy barriers would be promising to accelerate chemical reactions mining. The number of quantum chemical calculations can be reduced by using an optimization algorithm such as genetic algorithm (GA) and Bayesian optimization (BO). The focus of this study is to generate a dataset of reaction barriers of size ∼100000. Such a dataset would be useful to quickly evaluate various implementations of an optimization algorithm such as GA and BO. The dataset includes Gibbs energy barriers of the Claisen rearrangement for ∼100000 molecules computed on the basis of a semiempirical theory PM7. After evaluating its chemical and numerical features, it is found that the dataset well reflects chemical trends of various substitutions and is useful in testing various implementations of an optimization algorithm. The dataset is available in the supplementary material of this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Okada
- Graduate School of Chemical Sciences and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Maeda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Institute for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery (WPI-ICReDD), Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 001-0021, Japan.,ERATO Maeda Artificial Intelligence for Chemical Reaction Design and Discovery Project, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0810, Japan.,Research and Services Division of Materials Data and Integrated System (MaDIS), National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0044, Japan
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9
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Johnston CA, Cordes DB, Lebl T, Slawin AMZ, Westwood NJ. Synthesis of Indoloquinolines: An Intramolecular Cyclization Leading to Advanced Perophoramidine-Relevant Intermediates. Molecules 2021; 26:6039. [PMID: 34641583 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26196039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The bioactive natural product perophoramidine has proved a challenging synthetic target. An alternative route to its indolo[2,3-b]quinolone core structure involving a N-chlorosuccinimde-mediated intramolecular cyclization reaction is reported. Attempts to progress towards the natural product are also discussed with an unexpected deep-seated rearrangement of the core structure occurring during an attempted iodoetherification reaction. X-ray crystallographic analysis provides important analytical confirmation of assigned structures.
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10
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Abstract
The [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement of allylic vinyl acetals, first investigated by Coates nearly four decades ago, is set apart from other variants of the Claisen rearrangement owing to the versatile monoprotected 1,5-dicarbonyl motif featured in the products. Unfortunately, the synthetically elusive nature of the substrates has thus far precluded the widespread application of this attractive transformation. Herein, we show that the key allylic vinyl acetals can be efficiently generated through alkene isomerization of their readily available regioisomeric counterparts (derived from allylic alcohols and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes), thus enabling the first systematic study of the substrate scope of this rearrangement, as well as the discovery of exceptionally mild conditions for its mediation by Lewis and Brønsted acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Itai Massad
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion CityHaifa3200009Israel
| | - Ilan Marek
- Schulich Faculty of ChemistryTechnion—Israel Institute of Technology, Technion CityHaifa3200009Israel
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11
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Hamada Y, Matsunaga R, Kawasaki-Takasuka T, Yamazaki T. Base-Mediated Claisen Rearrangement of CF 3-Containing Bisallyl Ethers. Molecules 2021; 26:4365. [PMID: 34299639 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously clarified that the strongly electron-withdrawing CF3 group nicely affected the base-mediated proton shift of CF3-containing propargylic or allylic alcohols to afford the corresponding α,β-unsaturated or saturated ketones, respectively, which was applied this time to the Claisen rearrangement after O-allylation of the allylic alcohols with a CF3 group, followed by isomerization to the corresponding allyl vinyl ethers via the proton shift, enabling the desired rearrangement in a tandem fashion, or in a stepwise manner, the latter of which was proved to have attained an excellent diastereoselectivity with the aid of a palladium catalyst.
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12
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Alavi SJ, Seyedi SM, Saberi S, Safdari H, Eshghi H, Sadeghian H. Allylphenols as a new class of human 15-lipoxygenase-1 inhibitors. Drug Dev Res 2020; 82:259-266. [PMID: 33022099 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a series of mono- and diallylphenol derivative were designed, synthesized, and evaluated as potential human 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-hLOX-1) inhibitors. Radical scavenging potency of the synthetic allylphenol derivatives was assessed and the results were in accordance with lipoxygenase (LOX) inhibition potency. It was found that the electronic natures of allyl moiety and para substituents play the main role in radical scavenging activity and subsequently LOX inhibition potency of the synthetic inhibitors. Among the synthetic compounds, 2,6-diallyl-4-(hexyloxy)phenol (42) and 2,6-diallyl-4-aminophenol (47) showed the best results for LOX inhibition (IC50 = 0.88 and 0.80 μM, respectively).
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Jamal Alavi
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Seyedi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Satar Saberi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Farhangian University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Safdari
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hossein Eshghi
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hamid Sadeghian
- Department of Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedical Sciences, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Reed JH, Donets PA, Miaskiewicz S, Cramer N. A 1,3,2-Diazaphospholene-Catalyzed Reductive Claisen Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:8893-8897. [PMID: 31044498 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1,3,2-Diazaphospholenes (DAPs) are an emerging class of organic hydrides. In this work, we exploited them as efficient catalysts for very mild reductive Claisen rearrangements. The method is tolerant towards a wide variety of functional groups and operates at ambient temperature. Besides being enantiospecific for substrates with existing stereogenic centers, the diastereoselectivity can be switched by varying solvents and DAP catalysts. The reaction kinetics show direct rearrangements of O-bound phospholene enolates and provide a proof-of-principle for catalytic enantioselective reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Reed
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pavel A Donets
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Solène Miaskiewicz
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Nicolai Cramer
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Catalysis and Synthesis, EPFL SB ISIC LCSA, BCH 4305, 1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
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14
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Abstract
A concise, unified total synthesis of the two prenylated aromatic polyketides amorfrutins A and C, which exhibit various medicinally important biological profiles such as antimicrobial, PPARγ modulating and quorum sensing inhibitory activities, has been achieved from commercially available 3,5-dimethoxybenzaldehyde in 38% and 10% overall yields through nine and ten steps, respectively. The key transformation for the synthesis of amorfrutin A was the Claisen rearrangement of a mono-O-(1,1-dimethylallyl)resorcinol derivative to install the C3-prenyl substituent, while that for the synthesis of amorfrutin C was the double Claisen rearrangement of a di-O-(1,1-dimethylallyl)resorcinol derivative to introduce the two prenyl groups at the C3 and C5 positions all at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadafumi Fujita
- a Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Shigefumi Kuwahara
- a Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
| | - Yusuke Ogura
- a Laboratory of Applied Bioorganic Chemistry, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University , Sendai , Japan
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15
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Kotha S, Meshram M, Chakkapalli C. Synergistic approach to polycycles through Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling and metathesis as key steps. Beilstein J Org Chem 2018; 14:2468-2481. [PMID: 30344770 PMCID: PMC6176834 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.14.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This account provides an overview of recent work, including our own contribution dealing with Suzuki–Miyaura cross coupling in combination with metathesis (or vice-versa). Several cyclophanes, polycycles, macrocycles, spirocycles, stilbenes, biaryls, and heterocycles have been synthesized by employing a combination of Suzuki cross-coupling and metathesis. Various popular reactions such as Diels–Alder reaction, Claisen rearrangement, cross-metathesis, and cross-enyne metathesis are used. The synergistic combination of these powerful reactions is found to be useful for the construction of complex targets and fulfill synthetic brevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
| | - Milind Meshram
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Powai, Mumbai-400 076, India
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16
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Usami Y, Kohno A, Yoneyama H, Harusawa S. Synthesis of Dihydrooxepino[3,2-c]Pyrazoles via Claisen Rearrangement and Ring-Closing Metathesis from 4-Allyloxy-1H-pyrazoles. Molecules 2018; 23:E592. [PMID: 29509713 PMCID: PMC6017168 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23030592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Synthesis of novel pyrazole-fused heterocycles, i.e., dihydro-1H- or 2H-oxepino[3,2-c]pyrazoles (6 or 7) from 4-allyloxy-1H-pyrazoles (1) via combination of Claisen rearrangement and ring-closing metathesis (RCM) has been achieved. A suitable catalyst for the RCM of 5-allyl-4-allyloxy-1H-pyrazoles (4) was proved to be the Grubbs second generation catalyst (Grubbs2nd) to give the predicted RCM product at room temperature in three hours. The same reactions of the regioisomer, 3-allyl-4-allyloxy-1H-pyrazoles (5), also proceeded to give the corresponding RCM products. On the other hand, microwave aided RCM at 140 °C on both of 4 and 5 afforded mixtures of isomeric products with double bond rearrangement from normal RCM products in spite of remarkable reduction of the reaction time to 10 min.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihide Usami
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Aoi Kohno
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Yoneyama
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
| | - Shinya Harusawa
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Osaka University of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 4-20-1 Nasahara, Takatsuki, Osaka 569-1094, Japan.
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17
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Ellinwood DC, El-Mansy MF, Plagmann LS, Stevens JF, Maier CS, Gombart AF, Blakemore PR. Total synthesis of [ 13 C] 2 -, [ 13 C] 3 -, and [ 13 C] 5 -isotopomers of xanthohumol, the principal prenylflavonoid from hops. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 60:639-648. [PMID: 28984993 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Xanthohumol [(E)-6'-methoxy-3'-(3-methylbuten-2-yl)-2',4',4″-trihydroxychalcone], he principal prenylated flavonoid from hops, has a complex bioactivity profile, and 13 C-labeled isotopomers of this compound are of potential use as molecular probes and as analytical standards to study metabolism and mode of action. 1,3-[13 C]2 -Xanthohumol was prepared by an adaptation of the total synthesis of Khupse and Erhardt in 7 steps and 5.7% overall yield from phloroglucinol by a route incorporating a cascade Claisen-Cope rearrangement to install the 3'-prenyl moiety from a 5'-prenyl aryl ether and an aldol condensation between 1-[13 C]-2',4'-bis(benzyloxymethyloxy)-6'-methoxy-3'-(3-methylbuten-2-yl)acetophenone and 1'-[13 C]-4-(methoxymethyloxy)benzaldehyde. The 13 C-atom in the methyl ketone was derived from 1-[13 C]-acetyl chloride while that in the aryl aldehyde was derived from [13 C]-iodomethane. Tri- and penta-13 C-labeled xanthohumols were similarly prepared by applying minor modifications to the route.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohamed F El-Mansy
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,National Research Centre, Department of Organometallic and Organometalloid Chemistry, Cairo, Dokki, Egypt
| | - Layhna S Plagmann
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Jan F Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Claudia S Maier
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Adrian F Gombart
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Paul R Blakemore
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
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18
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Singh VP, Yan J, Poon JF, Gates PJ, Butcher RJ, Engman L. Chain-Breaking Phenolic 2,3-Dihydrobenzo[b]selenophene Antioxidants: Proximity Effects and Regeneration Studies. Chemistry 2017; 23:15080-15088. [PMID: 28857289 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201702350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Phenolic 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b]selenophene antioxidants bearing an OH-group ortho (9), meta (10, 11) and para (8) to the Se were prepared by seleno-Claisen rearrangement/intramolecular hydroselenation. meta-Isomer (11) was studied by X-ray crystallography. The radical-trapping activity and regenerability of compounds 8-11 were evaluated using a two-phase system in which linoleic acid was undergoing peroxidation in the lipid phase while regeneration of the antioxidant by co-antioxidants (N-acetylcysteine, glutathione, dithiothreitol, ascorbic acid, tris(carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride) was ongoing in the aqueous layer. Compound 9 quenched peroxyl radicals more efficiently than α-tocopherol. It also provided the most long-lasting antioxidant protection. With thiol co-antioxidants it could inhibit peroxidation for more than five-fold longer than the natural product. Regeneration was more efficient when the aqueous phase pH was slightly acidic. Since calculated O-H bond dissociation energies for 8-11 were substantially larger than for α-tocopherol, an antioxidant mechanism involving O-atom transfer from peroxyl to selenium was proposed. The resulting phenolic selenoxide/alkoxyl radical would then exchange a hydrogen atom in a solvent cage before antioxidant regeneration at the aqueous lipid interphase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay P Singh
- Department of Chemistry & Centre of Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh -, 160 014, India
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box-576, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jiajie Yan
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box-576, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Jia-Fei Poon
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box-576, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Ray J Butcher
- Department of Chemistry, Howard University, Washington, DC, 20059, USA
| | - Lars Engman
- Department of Chemistry-BMC, Uppsala University, Box-576, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden
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19
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Burschowsky D, Krengel U, Uggerud E, Balcells D. Quantum chemical modeling of the reaction path of chorismate mutase based on the experimental substrate/product complex. FEBS Open Bio 2017; 7:789-797. [PMID: 28593134 PMCID: PMC5458464 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chorismate mutase is a well-known model enzyme, catalyzing the Claisen rearrangement of chorismate to prephenate. Recent high-resolution crystal structures along the reaction coordinate of this enzyme enabled computational analyses at unprecedented detail. Using quantum chemical simulations, we investigated how the catalytic reaction mechanism is affected by electrostatic and hydrogen-bond interactions. Our calculations showed that the transition state (TS) was mainly stabilized electrostatically, with Arg90 playing the leading role. The effect was augmented by selective hydrogen-bond formation to the TS in the wild-type enzyme, facilitated by a small-scale local induced fit. We further identified a previously underappreciated water molecule, which separates the negative charges during the reaction. The analysis includes the wild-type enzyme and a non-natural enzyme variant, where the catalytic arginine was replaced with an isosteric citrulline residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Burschowsky
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo Norway.,Present address: Leicester Institute of Structural and Chemical Biology University of Leicester Leicester UK
| | - Ute Krengel
- Department of Chemistry University of Oslo Norway
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20
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Abstract
A short synthesis of the biologically active sesquiterpene natural product (+)-aphanamol I in both racemic and enantiopure forms is reported. Key steps include: a catalytic enantioselective conjugate addition, an oxidative radical cyclization, and a ring-expanding Claisen rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven J Ferrara
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK
| | - Jonathan W Burton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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21
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Abstract
Thermally rearranged (TR) polymers, which are considered the next-generation of membrane materials because of their excellent transport properties and high thermal and chemical stability, are proven to have significant drawbacks because of the high temperature required for the rearrangement and low degree of conversion during this process. We demonstrate that using a [3,3]-sigmatropic rearrangement, the temperature required for the rearrangement of a solid glassy polymer was reduced by 200°C. Conversions of functionalized polyimide to polybenzoxazole of more than 97% were achieved. These highly mechanically stable polymers were almost five times more permeable and had more than two times higher degrees of conversion than the reference polymer treated under the same conditions. Properties of these second-generation TR polymers provide the possibility of preparing efficient polymer membranes in a form of, for example, thin-film composite membranes for various gas and liquid membrane separation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Tena
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Sofia Rangou
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Sergey Shishatskiy
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Volkan Filiz
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Volker Abetz
- Institute of Polymer Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht, Max-Planck-Str.1, 21502 Geesthacht, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
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22
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Törincsi M, Nagy M, Bihari T, Stirling A, Kolonits P, Novak L. Rearrangements of Cycloalkenyl Aryl Ethers. Molecules 2016; 21:503. [PMID: 27104504 PMCID: PMC6273085 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21040503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rearrangement reactions of cycloalkenyl phenol and naphthyl ethers and the acid-catalyzed cyclization of the resulting product were investigated. Claisen rearrangement afforded 2-substituted phenol and naphthol derivatives. Combined Claisen and Cope rearrangement resulted in the formation of 4-substituted phenol and naphthol derivatives. In the case of cycloocthylphenyl ether the consecutive Claisen and Cope rearrangements were followed by an alkyl migration. The mechanism of this novel rearrangement reaction is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedesz Törincsi
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary.
| | - Melinda Nagy
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Bihari
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
| | - András Stirling
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Magyar Tudósok Körútja 2, Budapest 1117, Hungary.
| | - Pál Kolonits
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary.
| | - Lajos Novak
- Department of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Gellért tér 4, Budapest 1111, Hungary.
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23
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Wu H, Zi W, Li G, Lu H, Toste FD. Gold(I)-Catalyzed Desymmetrization of 1,4-Dienes by an Enantioselective Tandem Alkoxylation/ Claisen Rearrangement. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:8529-32. [PMID: 26031403 PMCID: PMC4529066 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201503357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
An enantioselective alkoxylation/Claisen rearrangement reaction was achieved by a strategic desymmetrization of 1,4-dienes under the catalysis of (S)-DTBM-Segphos(AuCl)2/AgBF4. This reaction system was highly selective for the formation of 3,3-rearrangement products, providing cycloheptenes with various substitutions in good yield and good to excellent enantioselectivity. This transformation was further extended to bicyclic ring substrates, providing the opportunity to easily assemble 5,6- and 6,7-fused ring systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmiao Wu
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
| | - Weiwei Zi
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA)
| | - Guigen Li
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China)
| | - Hongjian Lu
- Institute of Chemistry and BioMedical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093 (China).
| | - F Dean Toste
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720 (USA).
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24
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Goldberg AFG, Craig RA, O'Connor NR, Stoltz BM. Highly functionalized donor-acceptor cyclopropanes applied toward the synthesis of the Melodinus alkaloids. Tetrahedron Lett 2015; 56:2983-2990. [PMID: 26120207 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
A series of highly substituted vinylcyclopropanes were prepared and examined as reaction partners in a palladium-catalyzed (3 + 2) cycloaddition with nitrostyrenes. Described herein are our efforts to synthesize an elusive 1,1-divinylcyclopropane by several distinct approaches, and to apply surrogates of this fragment toward the synthesis of the Melodinus alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander F G Goldberg
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Robert A Craig
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Nicholas R O'Connor
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Brian M Stoltz
- The Warren and Katharine Schlinger Laboratory for Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, 1200 E California Boulevard, MC 101-20, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
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25
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Alshakova ID, Ermolovich YV, Zhabinskii VN, Khripach VA. A new synthesis of brassinosteroids with a cholestane framework based on a highly functionalized starting material. Steroids 2015; 97:72-7. [PMID: 25194458 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2014.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 08/01/2014] [Accepted: 08/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
A new route to the synthesis of minor brassinosteroids with a cholestane framework (28-norcastasterone and 28-norbrassinolide) has been proposed. It makes use of commercially available 24-epicastasterone as a starting material. In addition, [26,26,26-(2)H3]-28-norcastasterone and [26,26,26-(2)H3]-28-norbrassinolide have been prepared as tools for analytical applications. The key steps were regioselective manipulations of functional groups in 24-epicastasterone, oxidative cleavage of 22,23-diol group and Claisen rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina D Alshakova
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Yuri V Ermolovich
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir N Zhabinskii
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus
| | - Vladimir A Khripach
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Kuprevich str., 5/2, 220141 Minsk, Belarus.
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26
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofía Ferrer
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) E-mail:
| | - Michael E Muratore
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) E-mail:
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ) Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona (Spain) E-mail: ; Departament de Química Analítica i Química Orgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili C/Marcel⋅li Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona (Spain)
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27
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Abstract
A series of Claisen rearrangements was undertaken in order to find a replacement for Lilial (=3-(4-(tert-butyl)phenyl)-2-methylpropanal), a high-tonnage perfumery ingredient with a lily-of-the-valley odour, which is a CMR2 material [1]. 5,7,7-Trimethyl-4-methyleneoctanal (10), the synthesis of which is described, became the main lead. It possesses an odour which is very close to that of Lilial but lacks its substantivity. Aldehydes with higher molecular weights than that of 10 were, therefore, synthesised in order to boost substantivity and to understand the structural requirements for a 'Lilial' odour. The aldehydes were obtained via Claisen rearrangements of 'exo-methylidene' vinyl ethers, allenyl vinyl ethers, or allenyl allyl ethers. Alternatively, coupling of terminal alkynes with allyl alcohols led to the desired aldehydes. Derivatives of 10 and their sila analogues were also synthesised. The olfactory properties of all synthesised molecules were evaluated for possible structure-odour relationships (SOR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Schroeder
- Givaudan Schweiz AG, Fragrance Research, Überlandstrasse 138, CH-8600 Dübendorf, (phone: +41 44 824 22 43; fax: +41 44 824 29 26).
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28
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Chapuis C, Skuy D, de Saint Laumer JY, Brauchli R. endo/exo stereoselectivity in Diels-Alder reactions of α,β-dialkylated conjugated enals to cyclic 1,3-dienes: intermediates in the synthesis of (-)-β-santalol and its analogs. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:1470-516. [PMID: 25329781 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201400060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Highly exo-selective [4+2] cycloadditions of cyclopenta-1,3-diene 2a to α,β-dialkyl conjugated enals 5 are compared with the analogous endo-favored Diels-Alder reaction of cyclohexa-1,3-diene 7. The exo-stereoselectivity is lower in the homologous case of methylcyclopenta-1,3-diene 9. This diastereoselectivity is discussed either in terms of a retro-homo-Diels-Alder reaction, associated with thermodynamic control, or with respect to either a competing hetero-Diels-Alder/Claisen or Cope domino pathway, or retro-Claisen/retro-hetero-Diels-Alder of the endo-homo-cycloadducts. These hypothetical mechanisms have been examined by DFT calculations at the MPW1K(CH2 Cl2 )/6-31+G** level of theory for the AlCl3 -mediated cycloadditions of 5d to 2a and 7. Application of Corey's methodology to the γ-halogeno-α-methyl-substituted dienophiles 5a and 5b allowed an enantioselective preparation of known and useful intermediates for the synthesis of either the naturally occurring (-)-β-santalol or its potentially olfactive structural analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Chapuis
- Firmenich SA, Synthesis Department, Corporate R & D Division, P. O. Box 239, CH-1211 Geneva 8, (phone: +41-22-7803610; fax: +41-22-7803334).
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29
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Kulkarni MG, Desai MP, Birhade DR, Shaikh YB, Dhatrak AN, Gannimani R. A Wittig-olefination-Claisen-rearrangement approach to the 3-methylquinoline-4-carbaldehyde synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2012; 8:1725-9. [PMID: 23209506 PMCID: PMC3511006 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.8.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient syntheses are described for the synthetically important 3-methylquinoline-4-carbaldehydes 6a–h from o-nitrobenzaldehydes 1a–h employing a Wittig-olefination–Claisen-rearrangement protocol. The Wittig reaction of o-nitrobenzaldehydes with crotyloxymethylene triphenylphosphorane afforded crotyl vinyl ethers 2a–h, which on heating under reflux in xylene underwent Claisen rearrangement to give 4-pentenals 3a–h. Protection of the aldehyde group of the 4-pentenals as acetals 4a–h and subsequent oxidative cleavage of the terminal olefin furnished nitroaldehydes 5a–h. Reductive cyclization of these nitroaldehydes yielded the required 3-methylquinoline-4-carbaldehydes 6a–h in excellent yields. Therefore, an efficient method was developed for the preparation of 3-methylquinoline-4-carbaldehydes from o-nitrobenzaldehydes in a simple five-step procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund G Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune 411007, India
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30
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Istrate FM, Gagosz F. Gold(I)-catalyzed formation of furans by a Claisen-type rearrangement of ynenyl allyl ethers. Beilstein J Org Chem 2011; 7:878-85. [PMID: 21804884 PMCID: PMC3135071 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.7.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of ynenyl allyl ethers were rearranged into polysubstituted furans in the presence of a gold(I) catalyst. It is proposed that the transformation involves a Claisen-type rearrangement that allows the efficient creation of quaternary centers under mild experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florin M Istrate
- Département de Chimie, UMR 7652, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
| | - Fabien Gagosz
- Département de Chimie, UMR 7652, CNRS/Ecole Polytechnique, 91128 Palaiseau, France
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31
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Kulkarni MG, Dhondge AP, Chavhan SW, Borhade AS, Shaikh YB, Birhade DR, Desai MP, Dhatrak NR. Total synthesis of (±)-coerulescine and (±)-horsfiline. Beilstein J Org Chem 2010; 6:876-9. [PMID: 21085515 PMCID: PMC2982140 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.6.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2010] [Accepted: 09/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wittig olefination-Claisen rearrangement protocol was applied to obtain 3-allyl oxindole. This oxindole was then converted to (±)-coerulescine and (±)-horsfiline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mukund G Kulkarni
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pune, Ganeshkhind, Pune-411 007, Maharashtra, India.
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