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Hibbard JVK, Vázquez N, Wallingford JB. Cilia proteins getting to work - how do they commute from the cytoplasm to the base of cilia? J Cell Sci 2022; 135:jcs259444. [PMID: 36073764 PMCID: PMC9482345 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.259444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are multifunctional organelles that originated with the last eukaryotic common ancestor and play central roles in the life cycles of diverse organisms. The motile flagella that move single cells like sperm or unicellular organisms, the motile cilia on animal multiciliated cells that generate fluid flow in organs, and the immotile primary cilia that decorate nearly all cells in animals share many protein components in common, yet each also requires specialized proteins to perform their specialized functions. Despite a now-advanced understanding of how such proteins are transported within cilia, we still know very little about how they are transported from their sites of synthesis through the cytoplasm to the ciliary base. Here, we review the literature concerning this underappreciated topic in ciliary cell biology. We discuss both general mechanisms, as well as specific examples of motor-driven active transport and passive transport via diffusion-and-capture. We then provide deeper discussion of specific, illustrative examples, such as the diverse array of protein subunits that together comprise the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system and the multi-protein axonemal dynein motors that drive beating of motile cilia. We hope this Review will spur further work, shedding light not only on ciliogenesis and ciliary signaling, but also on intracellular transport in general.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John B. Wallingford
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Texas, Austin, TX 78751, USA
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Kerendi H, Rahmati M, Mirnasuri R, Kazemi A. High intensity interval training decreases the expressions of KIF5B and Dynein in Hippocampus of Wistar male rats. Gene 2019; 704:8-14. [PMID: 30978476 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Although exercise training (ET) with low to moderate intensity improves several physiological aspects of brain, the effects of high intensity interval training (HIIT) are less clear on brain plasticity and cytoplasmic transport. The present study examined the effects of HIIT on the gene and protein expressions of kinesin family member 5B (KIF5B) and Dynein in the Wistar male rat hippocampal tissue. Fourteen male Wistar rats were separated into 2 groups: (1) the training group (TG: n = 7) and (2) the control group (CG: n = 7). The exercise protocol was carried out on a rodent treadmill (5 days a week for 6 weeks). The protein contents of KIF5B and Dynein were determined by the immunohistochemical analysis. Moreover, the Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (Real-Time PCR) procedure was done to measure the KIF5B mRNA and Dynein mRNA expressions. It was observed that HIIT resulted in a significant decrease in the gene expressions of KIF5B and Dynein (P = 0.001), and also the results showed that HIIT leads to a significant decrease in KIF5B (P = 0.001) and Dynein (P = 0.02) protein content of the hippocampal tissue in comparison with sedentary rats. Our findings demonstrated that HIIT is associated with the down-regulation of gene and protein levels of KIF5B and Dynein in the rat hippocampal tissue, although the underlying mechanisms have remained unknown. These changes suggest that HIIT may have negative effects on both the anterograde and retrograde cytoplasmic transports because the cytoplasmic transport is mediated by KIF5B and Dynein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Kerendi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IR, Iran
| | - Masoud Rahmati
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IR, Iran.
| | - Rahim Mirnasuri
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Lorestan University, Khorramabad, IR, Iran
| | - Abdolreza Kazemi
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Faculty of Literature and Human Sciences, Vali E Asr University of Rafsanjan, Rafsanjan, IR, Iran
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Osseman Q, Gallucci L, Au S, Cazenave C, Berdance E, Blondot ML, Cassany A, Bégu D, Ragues J, Aknin C, Sominskaya I, Dishlers A, Rabe B, Anderson F, Panté N, Kann M. The chaperone dynein LL1 mediates cytoplasmic transport of empty and mature hepatitis B virus capsids. J Hepatol 2018; 68:441-448. [PMID: 29113909 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2017.10.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Hepatitis B virus (HBV) has a DNA genome but replicates within the nucleus by reverse transcription of an RNA pregenome, which is converted to DNA in cytoplasmic capsids. Capsids in this compartment are correlated with inflammation and epitopes of the capsid protein core (Cp) are a major target for T cell-mediated immune responses. We investigated the mechanism of cytoplasmic capsid transport, which is important for infection but also for cytosolic capsid removal. METHODS We used virion-derived capsids containing mature rcDNA (matC) and empty capsids (empC). RNA-containing capsids (rnaC) were used as a control. The investigations comprised pull-down assays for identification of cellular interaction partners, immune fluorescence microscopy for their colocalization and electron microscopy after microinjection to determine their biological significance. RESULTS matC and empC underwent active transport through the cytoplasm towards the nucleus, while rnaC was poorly transported. We identified the dynein light chain LL1 as a functional interaction partner linking capsids to the dynein motor complex and showed that there is no compensatory transport pathway. Using capsid and dynein LL1 mutants we characterized the required domains on the capsid and LL1. CONCLUSIONS This is the first investigation on the detailed molecular mechanism of how matC pass the cytoplasm upon infection and how empC can be actively removed from the cytoplasm into the nucleus. Considering that hepatocytes with cytoplasmic capsids are better recognized by the T cells, we hypothesize that targeting capsid DynLL1-interaction will not only block HBV infection but also stimulate elimination of infected cells. LAY SUMMARY In this study, we identified the molecular details of HBV translocation through the cytoplasm. Our evidence offers a new drug target which could not only inhibit infection but also stimulate immune clearance of HBV infected cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Osseman
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Lara Gallucci
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Shelly Au
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Christian Cazenave
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Elodie Berdance
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Marie-Lise Blondot
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Aurélia Cassany
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Dominique Bégu
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jessica Ragues
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | - Cindy Aknin
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France
| | | | - Andris Dishlers
- Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Center, 1067 Riga, Latvia
| | - Birgit Rabe
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Fenja Anderson
- Institute of Medical Virology, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; Institute of Virology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nelly Panté
- Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia Vancouver, B.C. V6T 1Z4, Canada
| | - Michael Kann
- Univ. de Bordeaux, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, 33076 Bordeaux, France; CNRS, Microbiologie Fondamentale et Pathogénicité, UMR 5234, Bordeaux, France; Institute of Medical Virology, University of Giessen, 35392 Giessen, Germany; CHU de Bordeaux, 33000 Bordeaux, France.
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