1
|
Chi L, Zhong L, Lee D, Yu X, Caballero A, Nieman B, Delgado-Olguin P. G9a inactivation in progenitor cells with an Isl1-Cre with reduced recombinase activity models aspects of Dandy-Walker complex. Biol Open 2023:bio.059894. [PMID: 37470706 PMCID: PMC10399207 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
G9a, also known as EHMT2, is essential for embryogenesis and has specific functions in multiple developmental processes. G9a inactivation affects development of the nervous system, which is formed with contribution of descendants of progenitor cells expressing the transcription factor Isl1. However, the function of G9a in Isl1-expressing progenitors is unknown. Here, we show that G9a is required for proper development of multiple structures formed with contribution of Isl1-expressing progenitors. A Cre-dependent GFP reporter revealed that the recombinase activity of the Isl1-Cre used in this study to inactivate G9a was reduced to a subset of Isl1-expressing progenitor cells. G9a mutants reached endpoint by 7 weeks of age with cardiac hypertrophy, hydrocephalus, underdeveloped cerebellum, and hind limb paralysis, modeling aspects of Dandy-Walker complex. Moreover, neuroepithelium of the lateral ventricle derived from Isl1-expressing progenitors was thinner and disorganized, potentially compromising cerebrospinal fluid dynamics in G9a mutants. Micro-computed tomography after iodine staining revealed increased volume of the heart, eye lens, and brain structures in G9a mutant fetuses. Thus, altered development of descendants of the second heart field and the neural crest could contribute to multi-component malformation like Dandy-Walker.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Chi
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Ling Zhong
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Endocrinology, National Health Committee Key Laboratory of Endocrinology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Dorothy Lee
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Physiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Xinwen Yu
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
| | - Amalia Caballero
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
| | - Brian Nieman
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
- Mouse Imaging Centre (MICe), The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5T3H7, Canada
- Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON M5G0A3, Canada
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, ON M5G1L7, Canada
| | - Paul Delgado-Olguin
- Translational Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G0A4, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S1A8, Canada
- Heart & Stroke Richard Lewar Centre of Excellence, Toronto, ON M5S 3H2, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Ewald VAM, Purnell JR, Bruss JE, Barsotti EJ, Aldine AS, Mahachi KG, Wemmie JA, Magnotta VA, Boes AD, Parker KL, Fiedorowicz JG. Posterior Fossa Sub-Arachnoid Cysts Observed in Patients with Bipolar Disorder: a Retrospective Cohort Study. Cerebellum 2023; 22:370-378. [PMID: 35568792 PMCID: PMC9659668 DOI: 10.1007/s12311-022-01408-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Posterior fossa arachnoid cysts (PFACs) are rare congenital abnormalities observed in 0.3 to 1.7% of the population and are traditionally thought to be benign. While conducting a neuroimaging study investigating cerebellar structure in bipolar disorder, we observed a higher incidence of PFACs in bipolar patients (5 of 75; 6.6%) compared to the neuronormative control group (1 of 54; 1.8%). In this report, we detail the cases of the five patients with bipolar disorder who presented with PFACs. Additionally, we compare neuropsychiatric measures and cerebellar volumes of these patients to neuronormative controls and bipolar controls (those with bipolar disorder without neuroanatomical abnormalities). Our findings suggest that patients with bipolar disorder who also present with PFACs may have a milder symptom constellation relative to patients with bipolar disorder and no neuroanatomical abnormalities. Furthermore, our observations align with prior literature suggesting an association between PFACs and psychiatric symptoms that warrants further study. While acknowledging sample size limitations, our primary aim in the present work is to highlight a connection between PFACs and BD-associated symptoms and encourage further study of cerebellar abnormalities in psychiatry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victόria A Müller Ewald
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Jessica R Purnell
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Joel E Bruss
- Department of Neurology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Ercole J Barsotti
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Amro S Aldine
- Department of Radiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Kurayi G Mahachi
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John A Wemmie
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
| | - Vincent A Magnotta
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Department of Radiology, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Aaron D Boes
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Krystal L Parker
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Iowa, 195-207 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA, 52246, USA.
| | - Jess G Fiedorowicz
- Brain and Mind Institute, University of Ottawa, The Ottawa Hospital and Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Abstract
This submission presents a case of scoliosis in a patient with established Dandy-Walker anomaly of the brain. A retrospective review of the patient's case notes was undertaken and the limited literature on this subject reviewed. The 13-year-old girl presented with a stiff right thoracic scoliosis typical of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. The scoliotic segment also presented with significant lordosis. She had facial and truncal dysmorphism characteristic of Dandy-Walker complex and her brain images confirmed the diagnosis. She underwent scoliosis surgery by the posterior approach uneventfully. In conclusion scoliosis is hitherto unreported in the Dandy-Walker complex. The results of intervention appear satisfactory.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Venugopal K Menon
- Department of Orthopaedics, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat, Oman
| | - Tamer M M Sorur
- Department of Orthopaedics, Khoula Hospital, Mina Al Fahal, Muscat, Oman
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Struffert T. [Anatomy and malformations of the posterior cranial fossa]. Radiologe 2016; 56:960-966. [PMID: 27738723 DOI: 10.1007/s00117-016-0174-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Many important structures are located in the confined space within the posterior cranial fossa. This article describes the main aspects of the anatomy. As a uniform classification of malformations of the posterior cranial fossa does not exist the main syndromes, such as Chiari malformations, zerebellar hypoplasia and dysplasia are discussed separately.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Struffert
- Neuroradiologische Abteilung, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Deutschland.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Volpe P, Contro E, Fanelli T, Muto B, Pilu G, Gentile M. Appearance of fetal posterior fossa at 11-14 weeks in fetuses with Dandy-Walker malformation or chromosomal anomalies. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 47:720-725. [PMID: 25914043 DOI: 10.1002/uog.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the sonographic appearance of fetal posterior fossa anatomy at 11-14 weeks of pregnancy and to assess the outcome of fetuses with increased intracranial translucency (IT) and/or brainstem-to-occipital bone (BSOB) diameter. METHODS Reference ranges for brainstem (BS), IT and cisterna magna (CM) measurements, BSOB diameter and the BS : BSOB ratio were obtained from the first-trimester ultrasound examination of 233 fetuses with normal postnatal outcome (control group). The intraobserver and interobserver variability of measurements were investigated using 73 stored ultrasound images. In addition, a study group of 17 fetuses with increased IT and/or BSOB diameter was selected to assess outcome. RESULTS No significant intraobserver or interobserver variability was found for any measurement in the control group. In the study group, IT was increased in all cases and BSOB diameter was above the 95(th) centile of the calculated normal range in all but two (88%) cases. In 13/17 study cases, only two of the three posterior brain spaces were recognized on ultrasound. These 13 fetuses had a larger BSOB diameter than did the four cases that showed all three posterior brain spaces, and had severe associated anomalies including Dandy-Walker malformation (DWM) and/or chromosomal anomalies. CONCLUSIONS Visualization of the fetal posterior fossa anatomy at 11-14 weeks' gestation is feasible. Increased fluid in the posterior brain at 11-14 weeks, particularly in the case of non-visibility of the septation that divides the future fourth ventricle from the CM, is an important risk factor for cystic posterior fossa malformations, in particular DWM, and/or chromosomal aberrations. Copyright © 2015 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Volpe
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals, ASL BA, Bari, Italy
| | - E Contro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - T Fanelli
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals, ASL BA, Bari, Italy
| | - B Muto
- Fetal Medicine Unit, Di Venere and Sarcone Hospitals, ASL BA, Bari, Italy
| | - G Pilu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - M Gentile
- Medical Genetics Unit, Di Venere Hospital, ASL BA, Bari, Italy
| |
Collapse
|